1343:
1359:
1068:. The Prussian authorities imposed made-up and sometimes derogatory names. For instance, the name "Waldlieferant" (lit.: forest supplier) was "created" to ridicule a Jewish timber trader. Even way more offensive expressions ("Afterduft"; lit.: anus odor) were in use. This is by no means the rule, though; on the contrary, those surnames most quickly recognized as probably Jewish in origin are distinctly poetical ones, probably as they were made-up choices by the people themselves (e.g.
2039:), the order is reversed, e.g. "der Mühlbach Klaus" instead of "Klaus Mühlbach". The definite article is always added in this style of naming. Especially in these regions, it is also the usual administrative way, but with a comma; the said person would appear in documents as "Mühlbach, Klaus" or even, with a title or profession "Mühlbach, Klaus, Dr./OLt/Bäcker".
274:(civil registry office). Although a 1980 law previously stated that the name must indicate the gender of the child, a 2008 court ruling unanimously upheld the right of parents to decide their child's name, stating that the only legal limitation is that the name does not negatively affect the well-being of the child.
1644:
Also, the spelling of given and surnames, varying previously from author to author, or even entry to entry, was then mostly fixed according to the official recorded form. Former noble titles appearing in male and female variants were transformed by the Weimar
Constitution, article 109, into parts of
1969:
On marriage: the couple can choose the name of either partner, they can both keep their original names, or (provided the original family name of neither partner contains a hyphen), one partner can modify their own name, appending the partner's family name to their own, creating a hyphenated name
2166:"Bundesverfassungsgericht - Entscheidungen - Verweigerung der Eintragung eines in Indien für Mädchen und Jungen gebräuchlichen Vornamens ins Geburtsregister ohne Hinzufügung eines weiteren, das Geschlecht des Kindes eindeutig anzeigenden Vornamens verletzt Eltern und Kind in Grundrechten"
1987:
Changing a name that is too complicated (too long or difficult spelling because of origin), too common (like Müller or
Schmidt), or causes ridicule (which can be because of the name itself, like "Fick" ("Fuck", even though of different etymologic origin), or because of association, like
120:
now allows a married couple to choose the surname they want to use, including an option for men to keep their birthname hyphenated to the common family name in the same way. It is also possible for the spouses to do without a common surname altogether and to keep their birthnames.
1257:(§ 93 ABGB), a couple can choose either of their surnames as married name. In the default case, this is the surname of the groom. The partner who is changing surnames (usually the bride) has the possibility to use their unmarried name alongside the married name with hyphenation.
2251:
1761:
They are, however, often used in a written address (e.g., Dr. Meier, Prof. Dr. Müller), and will often be used in formal speech or sometimes by lower-ranked persons such as students, though many academics prefer being addressed just like anyone else, i.e. by
229:
is often underlined on official documents, as it is sometimes the second or third name in the sequence of given names on official record, even though it is the given name in daily use from childhood. For example, in the resume submitted by mathematician
2060:
In some dialects (such as those spoken in the
Western Palatinate, the Saarland and parts of the Rhineland), the article used with women's and girls' names is not the feminine, but the neuter article. This is because the German word for "girl",
1264:(Art. 160 ZGB), the couple can opt to both retain their unmarried name, or the couple can choose to use either surname as their married name. If both retain their name, they need to declare which will be the surname of any future children.
1324:'s last crown prince, was referred to as Otto Habsburg(-Lothringen) in Austria. In Switzerland, where titles of nobility have been rare for several centuries, they can be used in private conversation, but are not officially recognised.
1633:, such as baptisms, deaths and marriages etc., women may appear bearing regionally typical female surname variants (like, in South Germany: Peter Huber, but Anna Huberin). With the establishment of general official registration of
2436:) has to issue a birth certificate for a person of reassigned gender giving the gender-specific form of the variable surname part (deriving from the former title) according to the gender, which is now assigned to the person. Cf.
1983:
Naturalisation of foreigners (per
Article 47 of the EGBGB). In this case, the foreigners may choose to adopt German forms of their first and last names, or adopt new first names if their old first names cannot be adapted into
1305:, which continue to apply the old rules of the German Empire in their publications. Most of these cases come about when a woman of noble descent marries a man with no title, and the two adopt the woman's name as their common
1405:, Meier, Meir, Meyr, Mayer, Maier, Mair, or Mayr (often the senior farmer in a given settlement , often as the leaseholder of a landlord like an abbey, a worldly ruler, etc.; "tenant, steward, sometimes also a bailiff, but
2234:
2238:
2046:, usage of the definite article with the name outside of dialect is uncommon, and considered a mistake in Standard German. It is considered familiar language, but not as a mark of rough, rural manners as in
285:, but subsided again after the end of the 19th century, so that while two or three forenames remain common, a larger number is now rare. The practice persists among German nobility, e.g. Johann Friedrich
1368:
in
Germany (2005). As a generic occupational name ("a tenant or courtier"), the name could originate independently all over Germany, although its concentration is most pronounced in Central Germany.
1077:
Immigration, often sponsored by local authorities, also brought foreign family names into the German-speaking regions. Depending on regional history, geography and economics, many family names have
2450:
This usage of the possessive suffix "-isch(e)" then also caused its more general perception as feminine ending for professions, such as in "de Kööksch" (literally the "cookee"). Cf. Hein Timm,
1625:
Traditionally, there was a differentiation of surnames of women from those of their male siblings, which was widespread in
Germany until the 18th century. Thus, in old records, especially
323:. These differences are still perceptible in the list of most popular names, even though they are marginalized by super-regional fashionable trends: As of 2012, the top ten given names of
2429:
1645:
the surnames in
Germany, but a new tradition of gender-specific variants, for official registration, was established for these surnames. This practice was confirmed in a judgement by the
1656:
surnames of women sometimes are formed by adding the ending "-in", used in standard High German to indicate noun variants for women or items of grammatical feminine gender, such as Näher
1973:
Correction of a name: if the state has made an error with the name and this can be proven, the original name can be restored. Example: "Maſs" became "Mahs" and is corrected to "Mass".
1718:) and be used instead of the original name in most situations. The same field in the passport also serves to show religious names, i.e. the new name somebody takes on when becoming a
172:"Louis", etc.) Since the 1990s, there has however been a trend of parents picking non-German forms of names, either for originality, or influenced by international celebrities, e.g.
614:: given names, occupational designations, bodily attributes, and toponyms (including references to named buildings). Also, many family names display characteristic features of the
1530:
These ten names are all occupational names, designating common occupations around 1600 when surnames became heritable. That's why these names arose independently across
Germany.
1312:
In
Austria, titles of nobility including certain other orders and honours held by Austrian citizens have since 3 April 1919 been abolished, including nobiliary particles such as
931:(spring/well). Before the advent of street names and numbers, even for long times afterwards, many important buildings like inns, mills and farmsteads were given house names or
4161:
2226:
714:
195:), occupations, or from geographical origin, less often from bodily attributes. They became heritable with the beginning of central demographic records in the
2215:
2408:, Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, Europäischer Verlag der Wissenschaften, 1997, (=simultaneously: Wilhelmshaven, Fachhochsch., Diploma thesis), p. 137.
1672:
parlance the ending "…sch(e)" is sometimes added to surnames of women, related to the standard High German adjective ending "…isch" (cognitive to
English "
709:
1695:), the daughter or wife of Mr. Bäcker (literally Baker) would appear as Ms Bäckers (in German without an apostrophe), as being Bäcker's daughter or wife.
875:
are derived from the name of a city or village, or the location of someone's home. They often have the '-er' postfix that signifies origin (as in English
1434:, Hofmann ("steward; tenant/leaseholder; courtier"; with the same meaning, but here not counted, are Hofer, Hoffer, Hoffner, Höfer, Höffer, Höffner, etc)
1008:
With family names originating locally, many names display particular characteristics of the local dialects, such as the south German, Austrian and Swiss
2299:
1192:: Herr Schmidt and Frau (Mrs) Meyer. In the 1990s, the law was thus changed. They can later change to variant 2, though the inverse is not possible.
3610:
281:, a fashion arose in the early modern period to give a large number of forenames, often six or more. This fashion was to some extent copied by the
2528:
The site has information on the etymology of German family names as well as a community section, where questions about names origins are discussed
3278:
3201:
3490:
3022:
898:
3100:
2111:
1875:
2057:
In Austria, the definite article is always used in informal spoken language, but most of the time not in very formal or written language.
3741:
1996:(Law concerning the changing of names) allows changing because of any "important reason", in practice this will very rarely be allowed.
1850:
are not identical (usually because there was no male heir at some point in the family history) they are joined in official documents by
3206:
292:
2003:(Ph.D.) in Germany, and adding any academic degree in Austria, into one's identity card or passport is not considered a name change.
1210:). (Herr Schmidt and Frau Meyer-Schmidt (or Frau Schmidt-Meyer); the children have to be called Schmidt.) Both partners cannot have
2471:
1301:, which gives rise to a number of cases where people legally bear such names but are not recognized by the associations of formerly
2553:
305:
Heinrich Clemens Paul Frank Peter Welf Wilhelm-Ernst Friedrich Franz Prince of Hanover and Dukelin, Duke of Brunswick and Lüneburg
707:
are the most common form of family names; anybody who had an unusual job would have been bound to be identified by it. Examples:
301:
2134:
571:
Noah / Noa, Ben, Mateo / Matteo / Matheo / Mattheo, Finn / Fynn, Leon, Elias / Elyas, Paul, Henry / Henri, Luis / Louis, Felix
2327:
1714:); If a pseudonym is widely known in public it can be added to the passport of that person (under the weaker legal status of
1680:
to nouns or adjectives indicating belonging / pertaining to, being of the kind described by the suffixed word: for example,
421:
Hans, Carl / Karl, Heinz, Curt / Kurt, Werner, Walter / Walther, Günter / Günther, Herbert, Helmut / Helmuth, Gerhard, Rolf
2338:
1181:
on marriage and drops her own. However, due to the legal equality of sexes, the opposite is possible as well, though rare.
79:. In most of this, the German conventions parallel the naming conventions in most of Western and Central Europe, including
1316:, the use of such titles by Austrian citizens is an offence punishable with a financial enforcement penalty. For example,
436:
Günter / Günther, Hans, Carl / Karl, Heinz, Werner, Gerhard, Horst, Helmut / Helmuth, Walter / Walther, Curt / Kurt, Rolf
401:
Gertrud, Erna, Martha / Marta, Hertha / Herta, Margarethe / Margarete, Anna, Käthe, Elisabeth, Frieda / Frida, Hildegard,
4027:
3874:
541:
Lukas / Lucas, Jan, Tim, Finn / Fynn, Leon, Niklas / Niclas, Tom, Jonas, Jannik / Yannik / Yannick / Yannic, Luca / Luka
2212:
1101:) origins. Sometimes they survived in their original form; in other cases, the spelling would be adapted to German (the
4317:
3546:
3448:
2151:
4307:
2502:
2459:
2413:
2223:
1045:(from 'Nagel', nail). The same is true for regional variants in the naming of professions. While a barrel-maker from
386:
Anna, Martha / Marta, Frieda / Frida, Emma, Marie, Elisabeth, Maria, Berta / Bertha, Gertrud, Margarethe / Margarete
243:
Noether, bayerischer Staatsangehörigkeit und israelitischer Konfession, bin geboren zu Erlangen am 23. März 1882 ...
99:
system as they survive in parts of Eastern Europe and Scandinavia, but these do not form part of the official name.
4156:
4032:
3879:
2271:
1787 in the Duchy of Austria, in Prussia beginning 1790, 1813 in Bavaria, 1828 in Württemberg, 1834 in Saxony, see
1792:
had often been tied to direct patrilineal descent over centuries. Thus, farmers were traditionally known by their
1297:
are also found together (meaning "of and to/at"). The legal rules for these names are the same as those for other
506:
Julia, Katrin / Catrin / Kathrin, Stefanie / Stephanie, Melanie, Sandra, Anja, Nicole, Nadine, Christina, Sabrina
102:
Women traditionally adopted their husband's name upon marriage and would occasionally retain their maiden name by
3948:
2284:
1638:
17:
551:
Mia, Hannah / Hanna, Lena, Lea / Leah, Emma, Anna, Leonie / Leoni, Lilli / Lilly / Lili, Emily / Emilie, Lina
491:
Nicole, Anja, Claudia, Stefanie / Stephanie, Andrea, Tanja, Katrin / Catrin / Kathrin, Susanne, Petra, Sabine
371:
Anna, Martha / Marta, Frieda / Frida, Berta / Beertha, Emma, Marie, Maria, Margarethe / Margarete, Erna, Elsa
4166:
3595:
3582:
3163:
1141:, retained their spelling but with the pronunciation that would come naturally to a German reading the name:
989:. In modern times, people who were elevated to nobility often had a 'von' added to their name. For example,
3299:
2926:
2878:
2546:
1352:(lit. "peasant of an estate near a stream") in Germany (2005). Its Bavarian origin remains clearly visible.
1206:
One partner, but not both, may combine both names by a hyphen. Thus, one of them then bears a double name (
855:
406:
Walter / Walther, Carl / Karl, Hans, Wilhelm, Otto, Curt / Kurt, Heinrich, Hermann, Paul, Helmut / Helmuth
2296:
2152:"Allgemeine Verwaltungsvorschrift zum Gesetz über die Änderung von Familiennamen und Vornamen (NamÄndVwV)"
4327:
4312:
3404:
2604:
496:
Stefan / Stephan, Michael, Andreas, Thomas, Frank, Markus / Marcus, Christian, Oliver, Matthias, Torsten
1539:
919:. A special case of geographical names were those derived from a building or a natural landmark, e.g. a
3693:
2954:
2675:
2316:
2050:. It is used especially when talking of and/or with children, but also in some other situations. E.g.,
1184:
A few examples of the practice under German law, if "Herr (Mr) Schmidt" and "Frau (Miss) Meyer" marry:
990:
217:) is usually given to a child by the parents shortly after birth. It is common to give a child several
2317:
Karl-Theodor Maria Nikolaus Johann Jacob Philipp Franz Joseph Sylvester Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg
1637:, this practice was abolished in the 18th and the 19th centuries, depending on the legislation of the
1593:
1125:"-kis" becoming "-ke"). Over time, the spelling often changed to reflect native German pronunciation (
971:(child's miller, from a mill named 'the Christmas child', 'the prodigal child' or 'the king's child').
4302:
4136:
4005:
1664:), with Näher (seamster) being the male form. Thus a Frau (Mrs.) Gruber may be referred to as "Gruber
1143:
350:
The following table gives the most popular given names in Germany for every tenth year (since 1890).
1691:
Another form, indicating a female bearer of a surname, was the addition of a genitive "s" (like the
831:
4322:
4297:
4107:
3963:
3500:
2789:
2425:
1953:(like Amann-Behmann), but these examples are not the only origins for these latter types of names.
1199:). In doing so, they can either both adopt the husband's name, or both adopt the wife's name as an
1161:
997:. This practice ended with the abolition of the monarchy in Germany and Austria in 1919. Sometimes
647:
521:
Julia, Sarah / Sara, Jennifer, Katharina, Lisa, Christina, Jessika / Jessica, Anna, Laura, Melanie
1823:
was the first type of commoners' family name to become heritable. This process began still in the
4276:
3846:
2539:
779:
651:
556:
Leon, Lukas / Lucas, Ben, Finn / Fynn, Jonas, Paul, Luis / Louis, Maximilian, Luca / Luka, Felix
298:
Albert Paul Otto Rupprecht Oskar Berthold Friedrich-Ferdinand Christian-Ludwig, Prince of Hanover
3178:
511:
Christian, Michael, Sebastian, Stefan / Stephan, Jan, Daniel, Martin, Dennis, Alexander, Thomas
466:
Peter, Hans, Wolfgang, Klaus / Claus, Manfred, Jürgen, Michael, Bernd, Werner, Günter / Günther
71:" of "given name, surname". The most common exceptions are alphabetized list of surnames, e.g. "
3864:
3773:
3540:
3411:
3268:
2897:
1785:
1064:
are a special case, as they were introduced later, in the late 18th to early 19th century, per
921:
681:
663:
599:
40:
391:
Wilhelm, Carl / Karl, Heinrich, Hermann, Friedrich, Paul, Otto, Ernst, Hans, Walter / Walther
319:
differences between the regions of German-speaking Europe, especially visible in the forms of
113:
3615:
2660:
2406:
Namenserwerb, Namensführung und Namensänderung unter Berücksichtigung von Namensbestandteilen
2339:
Adelsaufhebungsgesetz, Verwaltungsstrafbarkeit (Nobility Repeal Act, Administrative Offense).
698:
675:
611:
72:
2352:
2179:
451:
Peter, Klaus / Claus, Hans, Jürgen, Dieter, Günter / Günther, Horst, Manfred, Uwe, Wolfgang
3903:
3635:
3370:
2439:
Bayerisches Oberstes Landesgericht, Aktenzeichen: 1Z BR 98/02, Beschluß vom 2. Oktober 2002
927:
820:
795:
481:
Thomas, Michael, Andreas, Peter, Frank, Uwe, Klaus / Claus, Stefan / Stephan, Jürgen, Jörg
461:
Brigitte, Renate, Karin, Angelika, Monika, Ursula, Ingrid, Marion, Barbara, Gisela, Regina
2514:
324:
8:
4263:
4000:
3990:
3913:
3888:
3211:
2945:
2921:
2032:
1489:
1424:
985:; for example, if someone was baron of the village of Veltheim, his family name would be
945:
841:(count) are common, with the name bearers probably only a minor functionary of a monarch.
769:
669:
536:
Anna, Lea / Leah, Sarah / Sara, Hannah / Hanna, Michelle, Laura, Lisa, Lara, Lena, Julia
196:
2204:
2192:
1652:
Colloquially, surname variants for women continue to appear in some German dialects. In
1479:
1395:
729:
566:
Mia, Emilia, Hannah / Hanna, Emma, Sofia / Sophia, Lina, Ella, Mila, Clara, Lea / Leah
4126:
4069:
3833:
3513:
3306:
3188:
2868:
2842:
2718:
2609:
1950:
1281:
1090:
526:
Jan, Tobias, Christian, Alexander, Daniel, Patrick, Dennis, Sebastian, Marcel, Philipp
328:
291:
Carl Eduard Horst Arnold Matthias, Prince of Saxe-Meiningen, Duke of Saxony (b. 1952),
252:
2374:
1784:(farm or estate). Because of the long-standing tradition of impartible inheritance in
4212:
3978:
3467:
3347:
2741:
2707:
2702:
2498:
2455:
2409:
2390:
2165:
2131:
1653:
1566:
1484:
1384:
1317:
724:
719:
1778:
In rural areas it is common that farmers are known by the traditional name of their
416:
Ilse, Hildegard, Gertrud, Irmgard, Gerda, Lieselotte, Elfriede, Ursula, Edith, Erna
4097:
3973:
3968:
3869:
3790:
3687:
3355:
3324:
3231:
3090:
2811:
2363:
2043:
1824:
1630:
1551:
1524:
1509:
1459:
1438:
1417:
1094:
1086:
603:
2531:
2437:
1839:, denoting a type of walled-in estate) even though he did not inherit his estate.
963:"angel", etc. A house or estate name could be combined with a profession, e.g.
4102:
4022:
4017:
4012:
3943:
3908:
3859:
3817:
3783:
3711:
3588:
3495:
3337:
3314:
3273:
3027:
2987:
2799:
2303:
2230:
2208:
2138:
2093:
2047:
2020:
1669:
1626:
1599:
1581:
1572:
1519:
1504:
1499:
1452:
1402:
1321:
1302:
1152:
1122:
1102:
1098:
1078:
861:
785:
739:
657:
615:
339:, while Schleswig-Holstein retains the traditionally northern (Low German) forms
316:
278:
117:
76:
476:
Sabine, Susanne, Petra, Birgit, Gabriele, Andrea, Martina, Ute, Heike, Angelika
376:
Carl / Karl, Wilhelm, Otto, Heinrich, Friedrich, Paul, Hans, Gustav, Max, Ernst
3995:
3958:
3837:
3829:
3768:
3760:
3736:
3726:
3658:
3602:
3567:
3443:
3425:
3375:
3115:
3050:
2994:
2670:
2595:
2272:
1977:
1885:
or vulgo name. Historically, other forms can be found as well, including Amann
1880:
1828:
1692:
1605:
1082:
1057:
889:
129:
4291:
3985:
3893:
3812:
3701:
3682:
3667:
3572:
3535:
3418:
3385:
3365:
3288:
3263:
3258:
3245:
3216:
3173:
3110:
3017:
3002:
2973:
2886:
2680:
2562:
2432:(Bavarian Supreme Court) decided on 2 October 2002 that the register office (
2219:
2180:"Naming Laws in Germany | in Custodia Legis: Law Librarians of Congress"
2083:
1751:
1646:
431:
Ursula, Helga, Gisela, Inge, Gerda, Ingrid, Ingeborg, Ilse, Edith, Hildegard
161:
125:
36:
30:
4251:
4239:
4189:
4183:
4178:
4037:
3731:
3677:
3672:
3625:
3559:
3485:
3475:
3454:
3398:
3332:
3283:
3145:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3095:
3070:
3060:
2967:
2748:
2566:
2088:
894:
446:
Karin, Ingrid, Helga, Renate, Elke, Ursula, Erika, Christa, Gisela, Monika
231:
88:
80:
1673:
4224:
4146:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3716:
3630:
3620:
3480:
3438:
3250:
3226:
3168:
3135:
3105:
3085:
3080:
3055:
3045:
3012:
3007:
2823:
2804:
2758:
2753:
2634:
2078:
1962:
1261:
1061:
282:
92:
1970:("Mr. Schmid and Ms. Meier-Schmid" or "Mr. Schmid-Meier and Ms. Meier").
1280:
in Germany, giving longer names of several words, usually including the
1037:
4217:
4200:
4141:
4121:
3778:
3706:
3653:
3649:
3577:
3393:
3360:
3293:
3196:
3140:
2962:
2916:
2873:
2828:
2779:
2712:
2692:
2655:
2629:
2585:
2580:
2433:
1780:
1634:
1475:
If different spellings are counted separately, the order is different:
1070:
1009:
939:
626:
320:
271:
213:
108:
96:
84:
68:
44:
1800:
in the early modern period, and the two systems came to overlap. Many
4229:
4116:
4092:
3854:
3746:
3506:
3221:
2904:
2838:
2784:
2731:
2726:
2599:
1703:
1134:
884:
808:
800:
764:
754:
812:
221:(forenames), one of them intended for everyday use and known as the
4246:
4234:
4195:
4173:
4064:
3953:
3898:
3721:
3520:
2980:
2933:
2892:
2863:
2851:
2794:
2774:
2736:
2697:
2036:
1755:
1431:
982:
747:
administrator; akin to tenant, steward, sometimes also a bailiff),
607:
255:
and of Israelite confession, born in Erlangen on 23 March 1882 ..."
192:
689:, occasionally the Latin genitive singular -i was used such as in
4087:
4059:
3527:
3155:
2910:
2816:
2665:
2639:
2590:
2024:
1750:) are not part of the name in Germany but can be entered into an
1611:
1560:
1494:
1445:
1388:
1376:
1254:
1222:
All children of a family have to receive the same non-hyphenated
1138:
1050:
1046:
933:
916:
908:
816:
804:
759:
583:
56:
2857:
866:
4256:
4131:
3241:
2687:
2493:(Family Names: Origin and Meaning of 20,000 Last Names), 2000,
2028:
1677:
1587:
1514:
1413:
1230:(traditionally it was the father's). If the parents adopted an
955:
849:
825:
790:
774:
749:
734:
631:
103:
1961:
There are only a few circumstances in which one is allowed to
4206:
3935:
3921:
3917:
2494:
1545:
1001:
is also used in geographical names that are not noble, as in
903:
686:
2525:
2519:
267:, even though it is the second of two official given names.
67:
is usually gender-specific. A name is usually cited in the "
1719:
1226:
at birth, which may be either the mother's or the father's
1203:: Herr Meyer and Frau Meyer; Herr Schmidt and Frau Schmidt.
837:
823:(weapons smith). Also, names referring to nobility such as
744:
625:
often turned into family names when people were identified
1246:. The latter case can arise with traditional aristocratic
270:
In Germany, the chosen name must be approved by the local
75:", as well as some official documents and spoken southern
2491:
Familiennamen: Herkunft und Bedeutung von 20000 Nachnamen
2128:
Emmy Noether, Gesammelte Abhandlungen – Collected Papers,
1723:
1285:
977:
1238:
of the child. It is strictly forbidden to give children
132:", derived from names of Biblical characters or saints;
2306:. Bundesverfassungsgericht.de. Retrieved on 2011-11-01.
2285:
Das Namensrecht – Doppelname, Geburtsname, Familienname
2395:(Reich Law Gazette), No. 113 (1926), pp. 107seqq.
1831:(b. 1484) inherited his father's surname, in origin a
1688:(the woman pertaining to a man/family named Schmidt).
1684:, is Ms Schmidt (Smith), but literally something like
1379:, counting different spellings together, are roughly:
2287:. Familienrecht-ratgeber.de. Retrieved on 2011-11-01.
2006:
2404:
Cf. also Sebastian-Johannes von Spoenla-Metternich,
1758:
and are frequently used in documents and addresses.
1710:, "artist's name") and members of religious orders (
610:. They are generally classified into four groups by
2561:
2520:
API to determine the likely gender of a German name
1620:
967:(rose-farmer, from a farmstead called 'the rose');
191:
Most surnames are derived either from given names (
2019:. In the rural use of several regions where heavy
2065:, is a neuter noun, due to the diminutive suffix
685:. With many of the early city records written in
4289:
1949:over time, in other cases it was changed into a
1195:They can declare one name as a "marriage name" (
1729:
915:). Böhm indicates that a family originated in
2547:
1214:; thus, there would be no Herr Meyer-Schmidt
1177:Traditionally, the wife adopts her husband's
2388:
1116:
1110:
2375:"Die 50 häufigsten Nachnamen in Österreich"
2328:Nobiliary particles used by German nobility
1309:, which was impossible under imperial law.
1133:); but some names, such as those of French
1053:could easily have been called "Schäffler".
225:("appellation name" or "call name"). This
2554:
2540:
2454:, Hamburg: Ernst Kabel, 1980, p. 54.
2130:ed. N. Jacobson 1983; online facsimile at
1812:tradition survived alongside the official
1416:, Schulze, Schultze, Schulte, Schultheiß,
2424:In a suit on a legal name change after a
1468:0,1925 %: Lange, Lang ("long, tall")
606:. Many of such surnames are derived from
337:Mia, Emma, Lea, Leonie, Anna, Lena, Hanna
1773:
2353:Die häufigsten Nachnamen in Deutschland
2132:physikerinnen.de/noetherlebenslauf.html
2112:Rechtstipps – der private Rechtsberater
124:The most common given names are either
14:
4290:
2489:Rosa Kohlheim, Volker Kohlheim :
2332:
2321:
2309:
1293:(meaning "to", sometimes "at"), often
1276:for "Count") have become parts of the
1169:from which it was originally derived.
310:
2535:
2348:
2346:
1160:
1156:in French, ended up being pronounced
1151:
639:by adding a genitive s-ending, as in
331:(Northern Germany) share the entries
2472:Rechtsinformationen zu Künstlernamen
2126:(1907/08, NR. 2988); reproduced in:
1976:Gender reassignment, in the case of
180:) rather than the German equivalent
2452:Wörterbuch Hochdeutsch-Plattdeutsch
2193:Babynamen 2012 in Baden-Württemberg
1796:even before the development of the
1471:0,1918 %: Wolf, Wolff ("wolf")
1465:0,21 %: Bauer, Baur ("farmer")
1272:Titles of former aristocrats (like
1049:may have been called "Böttcher", a
116:". Recent legislation motivated by
24:
2526:Onomastik: Names and Name meanings
2430:Bayerisches Oberstes Landesgericht
2343:
2007:Order of names and use of articles
1441:, Beck, Beckmann, Bäcker ("baker")
1327:
618:of the region they originated in.
25:
4339:
2508:
3202:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2224:Swiss Federal Statistical Office
1621:Gender-specific surname variants
1357:
1341:
234:to Erlangen University in 1907,
2476:
2465:
2444:
2418:
2398:
2381:
2367:
2357:
2290:
2278:
1956:
981:("of") was used to distinguish
635:developed into the family name
598:) were gradually introduced in
95:. There are some vestiges of a
2265:
2244:
2198:
2186:
2172:
2158:
2144:
2116:
2105:
1804:are in fact derived from such
629:. For example, the first name
263:communicates that this is the
13:
1:
2235:German Wiktionary (masculine)
2122:Erlangen University archive,
2099:
1827:(14th to 15th century); e.g.
1808:, but in some instances, the
1698:
873:Geographical names (toponyms)
2297:Das Bundesverfassungsgericht
2239:German Wiktionary (feminine)
1742:) and the academic title of
1375:The most common surnames in
1364:Distribution of the surname
1348:Distribution of the surname
202:
7:
2072:
1730:Academic degrees and titles
1267:
1188:They can keep their former
1172:
578:
10:
4344:
3865:Imperial, royal, and noble
2195:, at beliebte-vornamen.de
2124:Promotionsakt Emmy Noether
1533:
1332:
995:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
333:Ben, Paul, Finn, Luca, Max
327:(Southern Germany) and of
43:consist of one or several
28:
4318:Surnames of German origin
4272:
4080:
4052:
3949:Imperial, royal and noble
3934:
3845:
3826:
3759:
3648:
3558:
3466:
3384:
3346:
3323:
3240:
3187:
3154:
3069:
3036:
2953:
2942:
2837:
2767:
2648:
2622:
2573:
1941:. In some cases the form
1303:noble families in Germany
847:are family names such as
347:(female) in the top ten.
315:Traditionally, there are
4308:German-language surnames
2790:Maiden and married names
2426:sex reassignment therapy
1706:can be used by artists (
993:had his name changed to
949:"(sign of the) salmon",
697:or (written as -'y') in
29:Not to be confused with
4277:Category:Lists of names
1734:The academic degree of
943:"red sign/escutcheon",
3207:Eritrean and Ethiopian
2389:
1862:. In Austria the term
1786:German-speaking Europe
1462:("carter, cartwright")
1250:(e.g. Faber-Castell).
1117:
1111:
991:Johann Wolfgang Goethe
845:Bodily attribute names
627:by their father's name
600:German-speaking Europe
73:Bach, Johann Sebastian
61:Nachname, Familienname
41:German-speaking Europe
4137:Galton–Watson process
3742:Ancient Tamil country
3164:Australian Aboriginal
2205:firstnamesgermany.com
2079:Ashkenazi Jewish name
1994:Namensänderungsgesetz
1870:) is used instead of
1774:Hofname (estate name)
1391:("smith, blacksmith")
1165:much like the German
1158:German pronunciation:
1149:French pronunciation:
937:"estate names", e.g.
699:Mendelssohn Bartholdy
144:"Jacob" and "James";
3904:Post-nominal letters
3023:Indigenous Taiwanese
2209:beliebte-vornamen.de
1387:, Schmitt, Schmitz,
1109:becoming the German
253:Bavarian nationality
4264:Surnames by country
3889:Pre-nominal letters
2946:Surnames by country
2054:('I am the Nils').
1874:. This is called a
1770:alone (see below).
1398:, Möller ("miller")
1218:Frau Meyer-Schmidt.
1162:[ˈmaʁkvaʁt]
311:Popular given names
259:the underlining of
197:early modern period
114:Else Lasker-Schüler
4328:Culture of Germany
4313:German given names
4127:Endonym and exonym
4070:Calendar of saints
4053:Related traditions
3827:Manners of address
3189:Sub-Saharan Africa
2610:Nobiliary particle
2522:for gender studies
2302:2008-05-13 at the
2229:2013-08-04 at the
2168:. 5 December 2008.
2137:2007-09-29 at the
1951:hyphenated surname
1860:Amann gen. Behmann
1819:Historically, the
1649:on 10 March 1926.
1289:(meaning "of") or
1282:nobiliary particle
705:Occupational names
329:Schleswig-Holstein
4285:
4284:
4213:Personal identity
4048:
4047:
3755:
3754:
3696:
3644:
3643:
3605:
3598:
3591:
3549:
3530:
3523:
3516:
3509:
3457:
3428:
3421:
3414:
3407:
3309:
3302:
2997:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2768:By life situation
2721:
2391:Reichsgesetzblatt
2213:Statistik Austria
2182:. 10 August 2017.
2015:is put after the
1963:change one's name
1788:, ownership of a
1639:respective states
1318:Otto von Habsburg
1242:if it is not the
576:
575:
325:Baden-Württemberg
106:, in a so-called
16:(Redirected from
4335:
4303:Names by country
4098:Anthropomorphism
3843:
3842:
3791:Buddhist surname
3692:
3601:
3594:
3587:
3547:Hispanic America
3545:
3526:
3519:
3512:
3505:
3453:
3424:
3417:
3412:African-American
3410:
3403:
3321:
3320:
3305:
3298:
3269:Ashkenazi Jewish
3074:and Western Asia
3039:and Central Asia
2993:
2986:
2979:
2972:
2951:
2950:
2812:Placeholder name
2717:
2661:Double-barrelled
2556:
2549:
2542:
2533:
2532:
2483:
2480:
2474:
2469:
2463:
2448:
2442:
2422:
2416:
2402:
2396:
2394:
2385:
2379:
2378:
2371:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2350:
2341:
2336:
2330:
2325:
2319:
2313:
2307:
2294:
2288:
2282:
2276:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2248:
2242:
2202:
2196:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2148:
2142:
2120:
2114:
2109:
2052:Ich bin der Nils
2044:Southern Germany
2023:is spoken (i.e.
1884:
1825:Late Middle Ages
1654:Bavarian dialect
1631:rites de passage
1627:church registers
1361:
1360:
1345:
1344:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1153:[maʁkaʁ]
1150:
1120:
1114:
975:The preposition
604:Late Middle Ages
353:
352:
176:(Gaelic form of
21:
4343:
4342:
4338:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4323:German language
4298:German families
4288:
4287:
4286:
4281:
4268:
4103:Personification
4076:
4044:
3930:
3832:
3828:
3822:
3818:Theophoric name
3751:
3656:
3640:
3554:
3462:
3380:
3342:
3319:
3248:
3236:
3183:
3150:
3073:
3065:
3038:
3032:
2944:
2938:
2833:
2800:Posthumous name
2763:
2644:
2618:
2569:
2560:
2511:
2486:
2481:
2477:
2470:
2466:
2449:
2445:
2423:
2419:
2403:
2399:
2386:
2382:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2358:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2333:
2326:
2322:
2314:
2310:
2304:Wayback Machine
2295:
2291:
2283:
2279:
2270:
2266:
2257:
2255:
2250:
2249:
2245:
2231:Wayback Machine
2203:
2199:
2191:
2187:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2139:Wayback Machine
2121:
2117:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2094:German Kevinism
2075:
2009:
1959:
1878:
1842:In cases where
1835:(from the term
1776:
1732:
1701:
1670:West Low German
1623:
1536:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1353:
1346:
1342:
1335:
1330:
1328:Common surnames
1322:Austria-Hungary
1270:
1175:
1157:
1148:
644:
581:
313:
283:bourgeois class
279:German nobility
205:
118:gender equality
77:German dialects
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4341:
4331:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4273:
4270:
4269:
4267:
4266:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4243:
4242:
4227:
4222:
4221:
4220:
4210:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4151:
4150:
4149:
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4095:
4090:
4084:
4082:
4078:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4062:
4056:
4054:
4050:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4033:Ecclesiastical
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4009:
4008:
4003:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3946:
3940:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3927:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3911:
3901:
3891:
3886:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3880:Ecclesiastical
3872:
3867:
3862:
3851:
3849:
3840:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3769:Christian name
3765:
3763:
3757:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3698:
3697:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3664:
3662:
3659:Southeast Asia
3646:
3645:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3599:
3592:
3583:Eastern Slavic
3580:
3575:
3570:
3564:
3562:
3556:
3555:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3550:
3538:
3533:
3532:
3531:
3524:
3517:
3510:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3472:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3458:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3430:
3429:
3422:
3415:
3408:
3396:
3390:
3388:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3352:
3350:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3329:
3327:
3318:
3317:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3303:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3255:
3253:
3238:
3237:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3193:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3160:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3077:
3075:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3042:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2991:
2984:
2977:
2965:
2959:
2957:
2948:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2930:
2929:
2924:
2914:
2907:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2890:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2861:
2854:
2848:
2846:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2809:
2808:
2807:
2802:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2771:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2710:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2663:
2658:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2602:
2588:
2583:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2570:
2563:Personal names
2559:
2558:
2551:
2544:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2523:
2517:
2510:
2509:External links
2507:
2506:
2505:
2485:
2484:
2475:
2464:
2443:
2417:
2397:
2380:
2366:
2356:
2342:
2331:
2320:
2308:
2289:
2277:
2273:Jewish surname
2264:
2252:"Schwarzenegg"
2243:
2218:2014-12-29 at
2197:
2185:
2171:
2157:
2143:
2115:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2074:
2071:
2008:
2005:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1974:
1971:
1958:
1955:
1829:Ulrich Zwingli
1775:
1772:
1731:
1728:
1700:
1697:
1693:Saxon genitive
1622:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1576:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1557:Mueller (4410)
1555:
1549:
1543:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1473:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1456:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1410:
1399:
1392:
1363:
1356:
1355:
1347:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1269:
1266:
1220:
1219:
1204:
1193:
1174:
1171:
1129:for the Dutch
973:
972:
890:Schwarzenegger
870:
859:(black head),
842:
702:
580:
577:
574:
573:
568:
563:
559:
558:
553:
548:
544:
543:
538:
533:
529:
528:
523:
518:
514:
513:
508:
503:
499:
498:
493:
488:
484:
483:
478:
473:
469:
468:
463:
458:
454:
453:
448:
443:
439:
438:
433:
428:
424:
423:
418:
413:
409:
408:
403:
398:
394:
393:
388:
383:
379:
378:
373:
368:
364:
363:
360:
357:
312:
309:
257:
256:
245:
204:
201:
162:Germanic names
37:Personal names
18:German surname
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4340:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4295:
4293:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4271:
4265:
4262:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4191:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4109:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4079:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4051:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3923:
3919:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3906:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3881:
3878:
3877:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3848:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3825:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3813:Mandaean name
3811:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3774:Biblical name
3772:
3771:
3770:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3758:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3695:
3691:
3690:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3604:
3600:
3597:
3593:
3590:
3586:
3585:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3548:
3544:
3543:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3518:
3515:
3511:
3508:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3456:
3452:
3451:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3427:
3423:
3420:
3416:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3402:
3401:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3316:
3313:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3300:Ancient Greek
3297:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3252:
3247:
3246:North America
3243:
3239:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3186:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3153:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3037:Northern Asia
3035:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2996:
2992:
2989:
2985:
2982:
2978:
2975:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2941:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2887:Nom de guerre
2884:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2797:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2720:
2716:
2715:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2611:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2574:Personal name
2572:
2568:
2564:
2557:
2552:
2550:
2545:
2543:
2538:
2537:
2534:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2504:
2503:3-411-70851-4
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2479:
2473:
2468:
2461:
2460:3-921909-35-X
2457:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2421:
2415:
2414:3-631-31779-4
2411:
2407:
2401:
2393:
2392:
2384:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2349:
2347:
2340:
2335:
2329:
2324:
2318:
2315:For example:
2312:
2305:
2301:
2298:
2293:
2286:
2281:
2274:
2268:
2254:. Google Maps
2253:
2247:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2225:
2221:
2220:archive.today
2217:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2194:
2189:
2181:
2175:
2167:
2161:
2153:
2147:
2140:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2113:
2108:
2104:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2084:Germanic name
2082:
2080:
2077:
2076:
2070:
2068:
2064:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2004:
2002:
1997:
1995:
1986:
1982:
1979:
1975:
1972:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1945:changed into
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1882:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1840:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1817:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1771:
1769:
1765:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1752:identity card
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1696:
1694:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1648:
1647:Reichsgericht
1642:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1618:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1531:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:0,23 %:
1457:
1454:
1451:0,26 %:
1450:
1448:("fisherman")
1447:
1444:0,27 %:
1443:
1440:
1437:0,28 %:
1436:
1433:
1430:0,30 %:
1429:
1426:
1423:0,34 %:
1422:
1420:("constable")
1419:
1415:
1412:0,43 %:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1401:0,73 %:
1400:
1397:
1394:0,83 %:
1393:
1390:
1386:
1383:0,87 %:
1382:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1367:
1351:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1265:
1263:
1258:
1256:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1170:
1168:
1163:
1154:
1147:, pronounced
1146:
1145:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1119:
1113:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1006:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
979:
970:
966:
962:
958:
957:
952:
948:
947:
942:
941:
936:
935:
930:
929:
924:
923:
918:
914:
910:
906:
905:
900:
896:
892:
891:
886:
882:
879:). Examples:
878:
874:
871:
868:
864:
863:
858:
857:
852:
851:
846:
843:
840:
839:
834:
833:
828:
827:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
797:
792:
788:
787:
782:
781:
776:
772:
771:
766:
762:
761:
756:
752:
751:
746:
742:
741:
736:
732:
731:
726:
722:
721:
716:
712:
711:
706:
703:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
683:
678:
677:
672:
671:
666:
665:
660:
659:
654:
653:
649:
642:
638:
634:
633:
628:
624:
621:
620:
619:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
572:
569:
567:
564:
561:
560:
557:
554:
552:
549:
546:
545:
542:
539:
537:
534:
531:
530:
527:
524:
522:
519:
516:
515:
512:
509:
507:
504:
501:
500:
497:
494:
492:
489:
486:
485:
482:
479:
477:
474:
471:
470:
467:
464:
462:
459:
456:
455:
452:
449:
447:
444:
441:
440:
437:
434:
432:
429:
426:
425:
422:
419:
417:
414:
411:
410:
407:
404:
402:
399:
396:
395:
392:
389:
387:
384:
381:
380:
377:
374:
372:
369:
366:
365:
361:
358:
355:
354:
351:
348:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
308:
306:
304:
299:
297:
296:
290:
289:
284:
280:
275:
273:
268:
266:
262:
254:
250:
246:
244:
242:
237:
236:
235:
233:
228:
224:
220:
216:
215:
210:
200:
198:
194:
189:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
168:"Frederick",
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
122:
119:
115:
111:
110:
105:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
69:Western order
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
32:
31:Germanic name
27:
19:
4252:Signum manus
4240:Royal cypher
4205:
4190:Nomen nescio
4188:
4184:Nomenclature
4179:Naming taboo
3991:Professional
3834:of authority
3784:Saint's name
3449:Scandinavian
3433:
3071:Muslim world
2909:
2885:
2856:
2708:Occupational
2567:anthroponymy
2515:German names
2490:
2482:Oberleutnant
2478:
2467:
2451:
2446:
2438:
2420:
2405:
2400:
2383:
2369:
2359:
2334:
2323:
2311:
2292:
2280:
2267:
2256:. Retrieved
2246:
2200:
2188:
2174:
2160:
2146:
2127:
2123:
2118:
2107:
2089:English name
2066:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2051:
2041:
2016:
2012:
2010:
2000:
1998:
1993:
1991:
1978:transsexuals
1960:
1957:Name changes
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1886:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1820:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1779:
1777:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1733:
1716:Künstlername
1715:
1711:
1708:Künstlername
1707:
1702:
1690:
1686:the Smithian
1685:
1682:de Smidtsche
1681:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1651:
1643:
1624:
1617:
1578:Mayer (3901)
1529:
1474:
1406:
1374:
1365:
1349:
1313:
1311:
1306:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1277:
1273:
1271:
1259:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1234:this is the
1231:
1227:
1223:
1221:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1200:
1196:
1189:
1183:
1178:
1176:
1166:
1142:
1137:settling in
1130:
1126:
1106:
1076:
1069:
1065:
1055:
1042:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1013:
1007:
1002:
998:
994:
987:von Veltheim
986:
976:
974:
968:
964:
960:
954:
950:
944:
938:
932:
926:
920:
912:
902:
899:Schwarzeneck
895:Schwarzenegg
888:
880:
876:
872:
860:
854:
848:
844:
836:
830:
824:
819:(potter) or
794:
784:
778:
768:
758:
748:
738:
728:
718:
708:
704:
694:
690:
680:
674:
668:
662:
656:
646:
641:Ahrend's son
640:
636:
630:
622:
596:Familienname
595:
591:
587:
582:
570:
565:
555:
550:
540:
535:
525:
520:
510:
505:
495:
490:
480:
475:
465:
460:
450:
445:
435:
430:
420:
415:
405:
400:
390:
385:
375:
370:
349:
344:
340:
336:
332:
314:
302:
295:Ernst August
294:
293:
287:
286:
276:
269:
264:
260:
258:
251:Noether, of
248:
240:
239:Ich, Amalie
238:
232:Emmy Noether
226:
222:
218:
212:
211:(in English
208:
206:
190:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
123:
107:
101:
64:
60:
52:
48:
35:
26:
4225:Proper name
4147:Name change
4001:Educational
3979:Substantive
3918:decorations
3801:Jewish name
3796:Dharma name
3761:By religion
3426:Hongkongese
3251:Australasia
3091:Azerbaijani
2824:Regnal name
2805:Temple name
2635:Middle name
2623:By sequence
2600:Matrilineal
2596:Patrilineal
2211:; see also
2042:Except for
1992:Though the
1879: [
1876:Genanntname
1635:legal names
1262:Switzerland
1248:Doppelnamen
1240:Doppelnamen
1212:Doppelnamen
1062:German Jews
1003:von Däniken
969:Kindlmüller
856:Schwarzkopf
829:(emperor),
811:(butcher),
623:Given names
602:during the
588:family name
343:(male) and
321:hypocorisms
307:(b. 1985).
300:(b. 1954),
247:"I, Amalie
134:Johann/Hans
104:hyphenation
45:given names
4292:Categories
4218:Identifier
4201:Onomastics
4142:Legal name
4122:Deadnaming
4018:Diplomatic
3974:Subsidiary
3969:Hereditary
3860:Diplomatic
3779:Papal name
3688:Indonesian
3654:South Asia
3650:Indosphere
3616:Macedonian
3589:Belarusian
3496:Portuguese
3338:Lithuanian
3232:Zimbabwean
3028:Vietnamese
2988:Generation
2955:East Asian
2943:By culture
2917:Stage name
2874:Hypocorism
2839:Pseudonyms
2829:Slave name
2780:Birth name
2732:Teknonymic
2713:Patronymic
2693:Matronymic
2656:Diminutive
2630:First name
2586:Given name
2581:Birth name
2434:Standesamt
2258:2013-04-22
2100:References
2033:Palatinate
1712:Ordensname
1704:Pseudonyms
1699:Pseudonyms
1455:("weaver")
1427:("tailor")
1295:von und zu
1208:Doppelname
1071:Rosenzweig
1010:diminutive
965:Rosenbauer
940:Rothschild
928:Springborn
925:(bush) or
877:New Yorker
821:Klingemann
796:Zimmermann
645:Examples:
612:derivation
362:Masculine
272:Standesamt
160:) or from
140:"George",
138:Georg/Jörg
109:Doppelname
97:patronymic
4230:Signature
4117:Call sign
4093:Anonymity
4028:Religious
3954:Chivalric
3875:Religious
3870:Judiciary
3855:Honorific
3838:of honour
3737:Sinhalese
3727:Pakistani
3712:Malaysian
3707:Cambodian
3611:Kashubian
3603:Ukrainian
3568:Bulgarian
3507:Praenomen
3444:Icelandic
3315:Hungarian
3116:Pakistani
3051:Mongolian
2905:Ring name
2898:Heteronym
2864:Nicknames
2785:Code name
2737:Toponymic
2727:Sobriquet
2703:Mononymic
2698:Metonymic
2640:Last name
1988:"Adolf").
1897:Behmann,
1802:Nachnamen
1744:Professor
1490:Schneider
1425:Schneider
1409:a mayor")
1350:Bachhuber
1299:Nachnamen
1190:Nachnamen
1135:Huguenots
1131:Sloothaag
1127:Sloothaak
1091:Hungarian
911:, German
885:Kissingen
881:Kissinger
865:(small),
853:(curly),
809:Fleischer
801:carpenter
783:(mason),
770:Schneider
765:fisherman
755:constable
670:Friedrich
608:nicknames
317:dialectal
303:Christian
203:Forenames
166:Friedrich
158:Christina
130:Christian
51:, plural
4247:Khelrtva
4235:Monogram
4196:Misnomer
4174:Namesake
4108:National
4065:Name day
4023:Judicial
4013:Business
4006:Honorary
3996:Academic
3986:Military
3959:Courtesy
3944:Academic
3909:Academic
3899:Emeritus
3702:Javanese
3683:Filipino
3668:Balinese
3636:Suffixes
3573:Croatian
3536:Romanian
3521:Cognomen
3419:Canadian
3405:American
3386:Germanic
3371:Scottish
3289:Georgian
3279:Estonian
3264:Armenian
3259:Albanian
3217:Ghanaian
3174:Hawaiian
3111:Mandaean
3018:Okinawan
3003:Japanese
2974:Courtesy
2934:Username
2927:Mononyms
2893:Pen name
2879:Monarchs
2852:Art name
2795:Necronym
2775:Aptronym
2688:Eponymic
2649:By trait
2300:Archived
2227:Archived
2216:Archived
2135:Archived
2073:See also
2037:Saarland
2013:Nachname
1893:, Amann
1889:Behmann
1858:), e.g.
1844:Nachname
1814:Nachname
1806:Hofnamen
1798:Nachname
1756:passport
1678:suffixed
1660:(seamstr
1432:Hoffmann
1366:Hoffmann
1307:Nachname
1278:Nachname
1268:Nobility
1236:Nachname
1228:Nachname
1224:Nachname
1179:Nachname
1173:Marriage
1167:Markwart
1144:Marquard
1058:surnames
1051:Bavarian
1038:Schäuble
1012:endings
983:nobility
953:"bear",
934:Hofnamen
835:(king),
710:Gaschler
658:Burkhard
592:Nachname
584:Surnames
579:Surnames
359:Feminine
335:(male),
219:Vornamen
214:forename
193:patronym
136:"John",
126:Biblical
112:, e.g. "
55:) and a
53:Vornamen
4167:Surname
4088:Acronym
4081:Related
4060:Baptism
3694:Chinese
3678:Burmese
3673:Bengali
3626:Serbian
3596:Russian
3541:Spanish
3528:Agnomen
3491:Occitan
3486:Italian
3476:Catalan
3468:Romance
3455:Swedish
3399:English
3356:Cornish
3333:Latvian
3307:Cypriot
3284:Finnish
3197:Ashanti
3156:Oceania
3146:Turkish
3126:Persian
3121:Pashtun
3096:Bengali
3061:Tibetan
2968:Chinese
2911:Shikona
2817:Notname
2749:Patrial
2742:Surname
2719:Surname
2666:Epithet
2605:Affixes
2591:Surname
2063:Mädchen
2035:or the
2025:Bavaria
2021:dialect
2017:Vorname
1999:Adding
1984:German.
1943:genannt
1891:genannt
1872:genannt
1866:(abbr.
1854:(abbr.
1852:genannt
1848:Hofname
1833:Hofname
1821:Hofname
1810:Hofname
1794:Hofname
1612:Leitner
1567:Steiner
1561:Pichler
1534:Austria
1495:Fischer
1485:Schmidt
1446:Fischer
1389:Schmied
1385:Schmidt
1377:Germany
1333:Germany
1255:Austria
1244:Ehename
1232:Ehename
1201:Ehename
1197:Ehename
1139:Prussia
1105:ending
1087:Italian
1060:of the
1047:Hamburg
917:Bohemia
909:Bavaria
817:Toepfer
805:Metzger
760:Fischer
750:Schulze
720:Schmidt
695:Alberti
648:Ahrends
637:Ahrends
616:dialect
265:Rufname
227:Rufname
223:Rufname
209:Vorname
182:Wilhelm
178:William
154:Barbara
89:Italian
81:English
65:Vorname
63:). The
57:surname
49:Vorname
4257:Tughra
4162:Middle
4132:Family
3936:Titles
3922:medals
3920:, and
3914:Orders
3894:Suffix
3847:Styles
3806:Hebrew
3732:Sindhi
3717:Indian
3631:Slovak
3621:Polish
3560:Slavic
3481:French
3439:Gothic
3434:German
3348:Celtic
3325:Baltic
3274:Basque
3242:Europe
3227:Yoruba
3169:Fijian
3136:Somali
3131:Sindhi
3106:Coptic
3101:Berber
3086:Arabic
3081:Afghan
3046:Kalmyk
3013:Manchu
3008:Korean
2995:Titles
2759:Virtue
2754:Unisex
2676:Common
2671:Animal
2501:
2458:
2412:
2048:French
2031:, the
2029:Saxony
2001:Doktor
1935:qui et
1923:dictus
1736:Doktor
1668:". In
1614:(3223)
1608:(3232)
1602:(3251)
1596:(3549)
1590:(3642)
1588:Berger
1584:(3840)
1575:(4175)
1569:(4176)
1563:(4227)
1554:(4624)
1552:Wagner
1548:(5109)
1542:(5482)
1540:Gruber
1525:Becker
1515:Schulz
1510:Wagner
1480:Müller
1460:Wagner
1439:Becker
1418:Scholz
1414:Schulz
1396:Müller
1123:Baltic
1118:-itsch
1103:Slavic
1099:Polish
1097:(e.g.
1095:Slavic
1079:French
1043:Nägeli
1033:Kleibl
1031:as in
956:Engels
913:Bayern
907:(from
893:(from
883:(from
869:(big).
850:Krause
826:Kaiser
813:Töpfer
791:farmer
780:Maurer
775:tailor
735:miller
730:Müller
691:Jakobi
652:Ahrens
632:Ahrend
288:Konrad
277:Among
170:Ludwig
93:French
91:, and
4207:-onym
4157:Given
4153:List
4038:Papal
3964:False
3578:Czech
3514:Nomen
3501:Roman
3394:Dutch
3376:Welsh
3361:Irish
3294:Greek
3179:Māori
3141:Tatar
3056:Sakha
2963:Amami
2681:Plant
2495:Duden
2067:-chen
1937:, or
1927:dicti
1911:alias
1887:sonst
1883:]
1864:vulgo
1837:Twing
1748:Prof.
1600:Fuchs
1594:Hofer
1582:Bauer
1573:Moser
1546:Huber
1520:Bauer
1505:Meyer
1500:Weber
1453:Weber
1403:Meyer
1083:Dutch
961:Engel
959:from
946:Lachs
922:Busch
904:Bayer
862:Klein
832:König
786:Bauer
740:Meier
725:smith
715:glass
687:Latin
682:Fritz
664:Wulff
562:2020
547:2010
532:2000
517:1990
502:1980
487:1970
472:1960
457:1950
442:1940
427:1930
412:1920
397:1910
382:1900
367:1890
345:Neele
341:Lasse
150:Maria
142:Jakob
85:Dutch
3830:List
3747:Thai
3657:and
3366:Manx
3249:and
3222:Igbo
2922:List
2869:list
2858:Bugō
2843:list
2565:and
2499:ISBN
2456:ISBN
2428:the
2410:ISBN
2011:The
1931:vero
1915:modo
1895:oder
1868:vlg.
1856:gen.
1846:and
1768:Frau
1764:Herr
1720:monk
1676:"),
1674:…ish
1606:Eder
1274:Graf
1112:-itz
1066:fiat
1056:The
1021:-erl
867:Groß
838:Graf
745:farm
676:Benz
356:Year
261:Emmy
249:Emmy
241:Emmy
207:The
186:Mila
184:and
174:Liam
146:Anna
3722:Lao
3212:Ewe
2981:Art
2387:Cf
1947:von
1919:vel
1903:auf
1790:Hof
1781:Hof
1766:or
1754:or
1740:Dr.
1724:nun
1722:or
1662:ess
1629:on
1407:not
1314:von
1286:von
1260:In
1253:In
1216:and
1121:or
1115:or
1093:or
1074:).
1041:or
1029:-li
1027:or
1025:-le
1017:-el
999:von
978:von
951:Bär
901:),
897:or
887:),
807:or
803:),
793:),
777:),
767:),
757:),
737:),
727:),
717:),
693:or
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2222:;
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2027:,
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1939:de
1933:,
1929:,
1925:,
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1901:,
1899:an
1881:de
1816:.
1726:.
1666:in
1658:in
1641:.
1320:,
1291:zu
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594:,
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