2365:
1835:
2528:
3040:
875:"Nowhere are our colonies, those loyal offshoots from the mother root, so promising as here. Today in these provinces, over thirty per cent of the inhabitants are Germans, or of German descent, and the ratio of their natural increase far exceeds that of the Portuguese. Surely to us belongs this part of the world, and the key to it all is Santa Catharina, stretching from the harbor of San Francisco far into the interior with its hitherto undeveloped, hardly suspected wealth. Here indeed, in southern Brazil, is a rich and healthy land, where the German emigrant may retain his nationality, where for all that is comprised in the word 'Germanismus,' a glorious future smiles."
2268:
318:
2556:
58:
1385:
330:
2582:
2023:
2835:
2100:
1423:
5454:
quiseram ser caldeados dentro dos princípios da formação brasileira. Nesse caso, o erro maior estaria na ausência de imposição de um processo assimilador desde o início da República ¾ período em que o fluxo imigratório se intensificou. Enfim, na década de 30, o Vale do Itajaí aparece como um lugar de costumes estranhos, cheio de brasileiros (segundo o princípio do jus soli) desnacionalizados, contaminados por ideais de nação que solapavam a brasilidade, um lugar de "desagregação do espírito nacional".
1074:
2064:
3720:
1302:
2441:
342:
2118:
543:
2136:
2972:
3052:
2540:
2735:
898:
1372:" is also dominant among German Brazilians, since the cultural world of their ancestors was completely changed. It has become unrealistic for them to assert any other ethnic identity than Brazilian. Since the second half of 20th century to present, the only notable differences between Brazilians of German and of non-German European and Arab ancestry are in levels of education (higher among German Brazilians), in a few surviving
10517:
3908:
1864:
3.6 million. For Rio Grande do Sul, based on data from Birsa (Bilingualism in Rio Grande do Sul), for 1970, Altenhofen (1996, p. 56) estimated at 1,386,945 the number of speakers of a variety of German. As of 1996, he estimated that it had dropped to between 700,000 and 900,000 speakers. Damke (1997, p. 59), as of 1996, estimated more than 2 million speakers of any variety of the German language in Brazil.
2847:
1843:
1020:
10529:
3894:
7769:
2082:
1002:
785:
1056:
1038:
2747:
419:"The natural increase of the German population in southern Brazil is marvelous. As a rule they rear from ten to fifteen children in each family. Blumenau, a colony which was settled by the Germans over fifty years ago, more than doubles itself every ten years. Southern Brazil is now called 'Greater Germany', and the Germans exercise there a commercial and financial supremacy."
443:
Germans immigrated mainly from what is now
Germany, but also from other countries where German communities were established. From 1824 to 1969, around 250,000 Germans emigrated to Brazil, being the fourth largest immigrant community to settle in the country, after the Portuguese, Italians and Spaniards. About 30% of them arrived between World War I and World War II.
2590:
618:. To attract the immigrants, the Brazilian government had promised large tracts of land where they could settle with their families and colonize the region. In fact, these lands were in the middle of big forests and the first Germans had been abandoned by the Brazilian government. From 1824 to 1829, the Major brought 5,000 Germans to Brazil.
434:, then with 46,482 inhabitants, had only 1,159 foreigners. In the new German communities the proportion of foreigners was larger, for example in Ijuí (15%) and Erechim (25%), indicating they were newer destinations of immigrants in the state. The census of 1940 revealed that virtually all the population of German descent was native-born.
2506:
outside of
Germany, with 2,822 members. The large number of people with German roots and a notable number of Nazi members were used by the Brazilian government to justify their programs of nationalization. During World War II, in 1942, Nazi Germany attacked Brazilian ships and Brazil declared war against Germany. President
2481:
since the beginning of their settlement. The record of the first impressions about the city of
Blumenau in his book received the subtitle of "One Weird City", arguing that "the German language is spoken without constraints, including in public offices". Silvio Romero (1906) compared German immigration to the
2686:
intensified in 1939, when the public use of foreign languages was forbidden, including in elementary schools and religious ceremonies (harsh as this is, it is necessary to remember, as René Gertz points out, that about half of
Lutheran ministers in Rio Grande do Sul were affiliated with the Nazi Party) .
5453:
O discurso racial que, em grande parte, dominou a discussão da política imigratória não vai ser invocado em termos críticos quando os nacionalizadores de 1937 e 1939 falam dos "erros" da velha República liberal. Para alguns deles, como
Nogueira (1947), o racismo é prerrogativa dos alienígenas que não
2825:
Germans also founded hospital such as the
Hospital Moinho de Ventos in Porto Alegre, Hospital do Amparo and Hospital Alemão (today Hospital Central da Aeronáutica) in Rio de Janeiro and Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, Hospital Samaritano, Hospital Santa Catarina and Hospital Santa Helena in São Paulo.
2642:
In fact, the fears of the
Brazilian authorities regarding the expansion of Nazism in Brazil seem exaggerated in retrospect; however, it should be taken into consideration that in 1938 Germany annexed Austria, and in 1939 it dismembered, then also annexed Czechoslovakia, and that the local sections of
2629:
This was a problem, since the
Integralists were able to attract some membership among Brazilians of German ancestry, thus competing with the Nazi organisation; moreover, until 1937, when Vargas imposed a dictatorship, the Integralists, unlike the Nazi Party, were able to participate in elections, and
2505:
In the 1930s, Brazil was home to one of the largest German populations outside
Germany, with 100,000 German-born people and a community of 1 million people of German descent, whose ancestors had been settling the country since 1824. Brazil also had the largest number of members of the Nazi Party
1190:
were common. Isolated from other settlements, the
Germans also had to face the difficulty of finding markets for their products. The initial difficulty was to define which productive activities could be integrated into the Brazilian economy. Only the penury faced by these people in Europe, due to the
2685:
In April, Vargas forbade any political activity by foreigners; in May, the Integralists attempted a coup against Vargas, which further complicated relations between Brazil and Germany. Up to this moment, however, no actions were taken against cultural, religious or sports associations. Measures were
1821:
people who worked for them in poor conditions, similar to the rest of Brazil and very different from the areas of German settlements, where each family had their own small farm. Due to the expansion of German and other European settlements in Southern Brazil, the lands for each family became limited
1331:
and a few Afro-Brazilians) showed that the differences with the locals were also great. The misery faced by Brazilians of other origins was also not attractive to German Brazilians. Hence, German Brazilians eventually created a third identity, which was not completely German (because of the distance
1182:
In these remote pastoral and farming areas, the immigrants were not under the control of the powerful Brazilian landowners. Due to this isolation, the immigrants were able to organize themselves independently, building their own churches, schools and municipal authorities. The children were educated
3320:
Two of the first Germans that arrived in Brazil were the cousins Sebald Linz von Dorndorf and Christoph Linz (or Sebald Lins von Dorndorf and Christoph Lins) who arrived in Brazil in 1570 as landowners. At the time they arrived, they married into the Luso-Brazilian nobility living there and changed
2716:
that resulted in more than 600 deaths. When the Army repressed those riots and ensured the physical integrity of the citizens, Cordeiro de Farias offered his resignation, which was rejected, but he was soon sent to Italy as a military commander and replaced by Colonel Ernesto Dornelles, a much more
2519:
governmental precincts was forbidden, as well as the use of foreign languages in religious services. Members of the Brazilian army were sent to areas of "foreign colonization" to "monitor" the local population. There are records of arrest or moral coercion motivated by the use of foreign languages.
2518:
in Brazil. Schools were required to teach exclusively in Portuguese, and the publishing of books, newspapers and magazines in foreign languages (which in practice meant German language and Italian language) was subjected to prior censorship by the Ministry of Justice The use of foreign languages in
2475:
As we can see, the German colonization has deep roots, has developed across the south of Brazil and would have terrifying aspects if the appropriate measures were not adopted, aimed at defending the interests of the sacred homeland and cut any and all possibility of disintegration of our territory"
1863:
is in decline in Brazil, however, there are 3,000,000 Brazilians who speak German and important German-speaking communities in Brazil even almost 200 years after the beginning of immigration. According to Born and Dickgiesser (1989, p. 55) the number of Brazilians of German descent in 1986 was
628:
The first years were not easy. Many Germans died of tropical disease, while others left the colonies to find better living conditions. The German colony of São Leopoldo was in the early years a disaster. Nevertheless, in the following years, a further 4,830 Germans arrived at São Leopoldo, and then
2712:(unelected governor) of Rio Grande do Sul, Cordeiro de Farias, was notable for his harshness. At the time of Brazil's declaration of war against Germany, popular riots against citizens of German origin erupted in Rio Grande do Sul, as a response to the sinking of Brazilian merchant ships by German
2604:
About 3,000 people joined it, making the Brazilian section the numerically most important foreign branch of the Nazi Party; however, the considerable population of German origin in Brazil may have been more a problem than an asset for the German Nazi Party: if on the one hand it raised the hope of
1970:
was a "condition to be Brazilian", has masked the presence of minority languages and contributed to ideas that German Brazilians were separatist and did not want to learn Portuguese or assimilate. However, these beliefs did not take into account that the German communities in Brazil were formed in
369:
Between 1878 and 1892, another 7 million Germans left Germany; after the 1870s Germany was one of the countries from which the largest numbers of people emigrated, the vast majority to the United States. From 1820 to 1840, Germans represented 21.4% of all European immigrants entering the USA;
3066:
In the southern states of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, Germans were 22.34% and 19.3% respectively of the population in the 1940s and 6.9% for Paraná. Only in the state of Rio Grande do Sul there are approximately between 2.5 million (or even a third of its population) German descent
2689:
The cultural associations had to stop promoting foreign cultures. In 1942, when Brazil entered World War II, further restrictions were put in place, and their enforcement was made stricter. No effort was made to suppress the Lutheran church; the teaching of foreign languages, including German, in
2480:
Nogueira also compared the German Brazilians to "an octopus extending its tentacles" in Southern Brazil. Nogueira used the image of the occupation of the most fertile areas of southern territory by foreigners, who had no intention of being integrated into the country, but had remained segregated
2001:
In this context, monolingualism appeared to solve the problems of learning Portuguese, and the language of immigrants was regarded as responsible for school failure and difficulties in learning Portuguese. In 1989 there was a controversy regarding German speakers in Brazil when the mayor of Santa
1910:
The Brazilian census of 1940 revealed that German was the second most spoken language in Brazil, with 644,458 speakers. In a total population of nearly 1 million German Brazilians at that time, over half still spoke German as their mother tongue. The vast majority of the German speakers were
1438:
In this way, the Southern Brazilian areas of European settlements formed a prosperous regional economy and a European cultural landscape, contrasting with the relative Portuguese-Brazilian uniformity found in the rest of Brazil. In recent years a large industrial development has occurred in these
2725:
Since then, the Southern Brazilian German regional culture has been in decline. Some have decried this as a tragic loss for the country while others feel that this means national progress, arguing that assimilation ultimately leads to togetherness. However, German influence can still be seen all
2673:
Ritter had a problem in that his powers as Ambassador did not enable him to interfere on behalf of Brazilian citizens of German origin. However, in February 1938 Ritter met Vargas, and demanded criticism of Germany and Nazism in the Brazilian press be gagged. As confirmed by diplomatic documents
2465:
in 1937, the Vale do Itajaí was viewed in the eyes of the dominant national ideology as a place of "strange customs full of non-national Brazilians, contaminated by ideals of a nation that collapsed Brazil, a place of disintegration of national spirit". During this period of nationalization, the
1434:
The German Brazilian areas form, today, a Brazilian region with its own character, made up of towns and large concentrations of residents around the church, commerce and school. These rural villages are connected to major cities where the economy was diversified, adding cottage industries to the
422:
Even though the population of German descent makes up a small minority in Brazil, they represent a very large percentage of the population of the South. Jean Roche estimated that people of German descent made up 13.3% of the population in Rio Grande do Sul in 1890, and that they had increased to
2812:
The city of Blumenau has, since 2019, adopted a policy aiming to turn all of its public elementary schools in bilingual schools, where all the subjects are taught simultaneously in Portuguese and in a second language. By 2022, the city has adopted this policy in 18 schools, of which 4 now teach
2301:
The Unidos da Tijuca school, the third-oldest samba school, reigning carnival champions, chose to go for a German theme at this year's Carnival with an unusual title for their 80-minute performance in February 2013: "Alemanha Encantada" or "Enchanted Germany," which is about "Brazil and Germany
1281:
The following generations benefited from the efforts of the pioneer immigrants and prospered. The families grew and the settlements expanded, coming to constitute a thriving German community of small landowners. At first, they found virgin forests that could be occupied or bought at low prices.
3006:
was founded on 7 September 1899 by German immigrants as Sport Club Germânia. Germânia is the fourth oldest football club of Brazil and was part of the very first interclub match of the country. During the course of World War II the club abandoned references to its German origin and in 1941 was
2646:
From Rolf Hoffmann's archive, roll 29, frames 26.600–656, mentioned by Alton Frye in "Nazi Germany and the American Hemisphere, 1933–1941", p. 101–102, the Brazilian diplomat Sérgio Corrêa da Costa, in the book 'The history of a secret war' ('Crônica de uma guerra secreta' in Portuguese),
1867:
German immigrants preserved their language more than any other group of immigrants in Brazil. This was mainly due to shared cultural identity and the desire to recreate in Brazil an environment with characteristics of the country they believed they would never return to. In addition, the large
442:
When German-speaking immigrants first arrived in Brazil starting at the beginning of the 19th century, they did not identify themselves so much as a unified German-Brazilian group. However, as time went on this common regional identity did emerge for many different geo-socio-political reasons.
4161:
2655:
South America will provide a space of colonization where our immigrants will keep their language and autonomy. We will demand that German be taught in the schools as a second language. Southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay will become German culture countries and German will be their national
2497:
was presented as a fundamental criterion of nationality and this justified the nationalization of education and the closing of ethnic schools. Most German Brazilians could barely speak Portuguese, and when German was prohibited in the country, they faced many difficulties due to this language
2409:. In the following decades, however, waves of German-speaking immigrants arrived, to the point that in many areas of Southern Brazil the vast majority of the inhabitants were Germans and even after three or four generations born in Brazil, these people used to consider themselves Germans.
1320:, despite their isolation, the descendants of Germans knew that Brazil was their home now. The new immigrants who arrived from Germany were clearly different from German Brazilians of older stock. German Brazilians had moved away from European standards, habits, language and aspirations.
2501:
From this perspective, the human element representative of the "more legitimate" national formation had the task of conforming immigrants and their descendants to the myth of the amalgam of the three races that makes up the Brazilian nation (Europeans, Black Africans and Amerindians).
1195:
and of the crisis during the consolidation of European nations, can explain their persistence in Brazil, sometimes facing miserable conditions which were worse than those they left in Europe. Once in Brazil, however, they became small landowners, which facilitated their development.
2650:
The plan was not new. In his "Gross Deutschland, die Arbeit des 20. Jahrhunderts", published in Leipzig, 1911, Tannenberg outlines the principle of partition of Central and South American between the great powers, to Germany belonging the subtropical part facing the Atlantic Ocean:
2643:
the Nazi Party were fully involved in these actions; manipulation of German minorities also played an important role in the internal politics of Poland (Danzig) and Lithuania (Memel). So, while exaggerated, the Brazilian government's worries seem to a certain extent justifiable.
1898:
and as well as the speakers of immigrant languages. But it also hides the majority of the Brazilian population that speaks discredited varieties of Portuguese instead of the formal standard Portuguese taught in schools. According to Oliveira (2000: 84), Brazil is one of the most
7660:
1343:, etc.) on one side, and Brazilians of older extraction on the other. The nationalization was fundamental, compelling the teaching of foreign languages at schools, breaking the isolation of the communities and recruiting young people of foreign origins to serve in the military.
392:
Even though the immigration of Germans to Brazil was small, it had a notable impact on the ethnic composition of the country, particularly of the Southern Brazilian population. Different factors led to this large influence. First of all, German immigration to Brazil is an old
2379:
We most desire that at any cost a German country containing some 20 to 30 million Germans may grow in the twentieth century in Brazil, and that, no matter whether it remains a portion of Brazil or becomes a self-containing state or enters into close relations with our
2470:
was not a novelty in regard to the definition of the Brazilian nation-state: long before 1939, Brazilian nationalists feared the collapse of the South, considering it "too Germanized". Many members of the Brazilian army participated during this process, such as Nogueira:
2416:" by the Brazilian government – was composed of immigrants and their descendants. Both the Brazilian Empire and the early Republic allowed groups of immigrants to settle in isolated communities, mainly in Southern Brazil, and to some extent in other parts, such as
1888:
Hamel (1988, p. 64) and Damke (1997, p. 60–61) observed that there is a balance between the use of German and Portuguese in the German-speaking communities of Brazil. But, gradually, the trend is that Portuguese is becoming dominant. Despite the "myth of
972:, Germans founded their first colony in 1829. By the beginning of the 20th century, the city was considered the center of the German Brazilian Culture. The city attracted German immigrants until the 1950s. Today, there are 400,000 German Brazilians living within
1822:
because there was no more land available. Plots of land previously settled by a single family started to be occupied by two or four families. Without their own land, some descendants of Germans regressed to a situation of poverty, mingling with the mass of
389:, who together made up over 80% of the immigrants to Brazil during the period of greatest immigration by Europeans. Germans appeared in fourth place among immigrants to Brazil, but dropped to fifth place when Japanese immigration increased after 1908.
361:
of these areas. Between 1816 and 1850, 5 million people left Europe; between 1850 and 1880 another 22 million people emigrated. Between 1846 and 1932, 60 million Europeans emigrated. Many Germans left the German states after the failed
2452:
Not only the people of German origin were considered "alien": almost all descendants of immigrants, in some degree, were "non-assimilated", in the opinion of Bethlem and other participants in the campaign. However, evidence of greater resistance to
278:, in a universe of 46,801,772 names of Brazilians analyzed, 1,525,890 or 3.3% of them had the only or the last surname of German origin, a proportion that represents about 6.7 million individuals if applied to the entire population in that year.
2697:; this was especially enforced against the public use of German. Stores owned by Germans were ransacked. Establishments registered in foreign names had to be changed and worship in churches had to be only in Portuguese. During World War II, the
2424:. The army had an important role during this process of forced assimilation of these areas of "foreign colonization" that created so-called "ethnic cysts" in Brazil. German Brazilians saw themselves as part of a pluralist society, so that the
7652:
2647:
reveals that Hitler had planned to colonize Brazil (which several historians from the English speaking world had already shown, as well as the testimony of Rauschning, who was present when Hitler spoke of plans of colonizing Brazil).
2605:
interfering in Brazilian internal politics, on the other hand there was a concern not to alienate the Brazilian government, which Germany at the time hoped could be brought to its side , or at least remain in a benevolent neutrality.
1812:
If in the beginning Germans found a region with vast empty areas, later with the compulsory occupation of the lands, the German expansion came to an end. As they expanded, the German settlements encountered the pastoral areas of the
2457:(Brazilianization) was found in those areas considered "redoubts of Germanism", a situation considered risky to the cultural, racial and territorial integrity of the nation. One of the areas considered "non-patriotic" was the
3321:
their names to Portuguese names and surnames of Portuguese writing conventions, respectively, Cibaldo Lins and Cristovão Lins, founding the Lins family in Brazil. The surname is original from the surrounding areas around
848:. Nowadays these areas of German colonization are among the wealthiest parts of Brazil, with the lowest levels of unemployment and illiteracy found in the country, and still retain a strong influence from German culture.
6588:
5638:
Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des
5643:
The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal
641:, mainly close to sources of rivers. The whole region of Vale dos Sinos was populated by Germans. During the 1830s and part of the 1840s German immigration to Brazil was interrupted due to conflicts in the country (
931:
who immigrated to Brazil during the 20th century settled in big towns, although many of them also settled in the old rural German colonies. German immigration to Brazil peaked during the 1920s, after World War I.
408:
among German Brazilians. Research has found that between 1826 and 1828 a first-generation German Brazilian woman had an average of 8.5 children, and the second generation had an average of 10.4 children per woman.
6532:
2633:
Support for the Nazi regime in Germany was widespread among Brazilians of German descent, which certainly worried the Brazilian authorities. The racial and nationalist views of the Nazis easily blended into the
1168:
The German settlements, and also those of other European ethnic groups, occupy a vast area in the centers of the states of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul. To the east, they border the old areas of
267:, in a representative sample of the Brazilian population, 3.6% said they had some degree of German ancestry, a percentage that in a population of about 200 million amounts to 7.2 million descendants. In 2004,
4799:
2428:
conception (of being part of a community with a shared German ancestry) seemed compatible with the fact that they were also Brazilian citizens. However, the Brazilian government only accepted the idea of the
1462:. The Germans became entrepreneurs due to their knowledge of more complex techniques of production than those dominated by other Brazilians. In addition their bilingualism gave them better European contacts.
5327:
7294:[Law No. 2251, 2010 SEPTEMBER 1: ESTABLISHING THE GERMAN LANGUAGE AS ADDITIONAL LANGUAGE AND SECONDARY IN THE MUNICIPALITY] (in Portuguese). www.LeisMunicipais.com.br. September 2010. Archived from
2638:
ideology. However, the Nazis weren't able to capitalise this into a really strong membership, and their local actions, such as proposed boycotts, were resisted by most of the population of German ancestry.
2046:
is on the rise. Almost 85% of all Lutherans in Latin America and the Caribbean live in Brazil. Brazil has the second largest Lutheran community in the Americas, after the United States and ahead of Canada.
1893:
in the country", i.e., that all Brazilians speak only Portuguese, German continues to have a strong presence even today. This myth is effective in hiding the country's linguistic minorities, including the
9399:
7196:[Law No. 1136/2009 co-officialising the Pomeranian language in Santa Maria de Jetibá-ES] (in Portuguese). Institute for Research and Development of Linguistic Policy. 7 July 2009. Archived from
2726:
across the southern states, be it in architecture, shops, town names or the way of life. Many German schools re-opened during the 1950s and are regarded as some of the best places to educate children.
7559:
5236:
1868:
differences between the German and Portuguese languages hindered learning of the national language of Brazil, which was and remains a pretext for continuing use of German dialects. The main German
7309:
2935:
is the most consumed beverage in Brazil. The tradition of brewing in Brazil dates back to German immigration in the early 19th century. The first breweries date from the 1830s, although the brand
2666:
In April 1938, Vargas outlawed the Nazi Party in Brazil (the Brazilian parties themselves were outlawed in December 1937). However, in December 1937 the Nazi German Ambassador to Rio de Janeiro,
7120:
6011:
5587:
1911:
Brazilian-born, with a minority born in Germany or in another German-speaking country. The other main languages spoken were Italian with 458,054, Japanese with 192,698 and Spanish with 74,381.
2466:
Germans were considered the most "alien", the Italians closest to the Brazilians, and the Poles in an intermediary position, but none of them were seen as unequivocally Brazilian. The fear of
2601:
in Germany. The Nazi Party soon took to the task of organizing abroad, wherever significant populations of German origin were present. In Brazil, the results were not as the party expected.
7393:
5772:, Editora Record, 52004, from Nazi Germany's archive, Rolf Hoffmann, roll 29, frames 26.600–656, mencionted by Alton Frye in "Nazi Germany and the American Hemisphere, 1933–1941", p. 101-102
625:
in Portuguese). These colonies were created by the Brazilian government, and the lands were distributed among the immigrants. They had to construct their own houses and cultivate the land.
404:
after the arrival of the first Germans. When the settlement of other Europeans in Brazil began, the Germans had already been living there for many generations. Another factor was the high
3011:
also have connections with the German community after merging, during the World War II, with the former Associação Alemã de Esportes (Deutscher SC). The club has 12 international titles.
9406:
2955:
by the Swiss immigrant Joseph Villiger. Antarctica (Companhia Antarctica Paulista) was founded in the same year by the Brazilian Joaquim Salles and the German immigrant Louis Bücher in
2626:
as a noble ideal of representation of the people, which they thought was essential to Brazilian national identity; this directly conflicted with the Nazi ideology of racial purity.
584:. The absence of a unified population in the interior was regarded as a problem by the Brazilian government because Southern Brazil could easily be invaded by neighboring countries.
9385:
6106:
6415:
7132:
7062:
6236:
5618:
4360:
2412:
Between 1937 and 1945 a significant portion of the Brazilian population suffered interference in daily life produced by a "campaign of nationalization". This population – called "
9392:
4197:
6076:
1365:
in Brazil. Since the second half of 20th century to present, this population is no longer seen as "foreign" by other Brazilians, but as a modern progressive urban population.
7362:
4555:
1998:
and Japan), the use of the German language was repressed: teaching German in schools and publication of German newspapers were forbidden (together with Italian and Japanese).
221:
The rapid increase in numbers was due to a relatively high birth rate, the highest in Brazil amongst immigrant groups although still lower than that of the local population.
9418:
4254:
10441:
9215:
6580:
1817:
to the west and south. The Gaúcho area was an impoverished region consisting of huge farms, dominated by a small elite of landowners who monopolized the lands and a mass of
7268:[Immigrants seeking better living conditions in Brazil were isolated and without support from the Government] (in Portuguese). Guiaresplendor.com.br. Archived from
4020:
9981:
7215:
5976:"A EDUCAÇÃO NO PROJETO NACIONALISTA DO PRIMEIRO GOVERNO VARGAS (1930–1945). Artigos. História, Sociedade e Educação no Brasil – HISTEDBR – Faculdade de Educação – UNICAMP"
2670:, was already reporting nationalising actions by the Brazilian government. At that moment, conditions were being imposed for the continued functioning of German schools.
6524:
6501:
5950:
4679:
4532:
9795:
9778:
2243:(1969), Mariza Sommer (1974), Ingrid Budag (1975), Eveline Schroeter (1980), Maria Carolina Portella Otto (1990), Leila Cristine Schuster (1993), Thaisa Thomsen (2002),
2770:
by the Germans immigrants in São Paulo, is the largest German School worldwide. In Rio de Janeiro, Germans founded their first school in 1862 (today Colégio Cruzeiro).
10002:
7757:
5006:
4623:
9426:
8118:
5864:
5786:
4806:
7291:
5982:
5903:
5825:
5323:
4229:
1473:, during the last decade of the 19th century, 70% of the population was ethnically Germanic, 15% were Italians, and 15% others. The German Brazilian population in
6843:
6785:
4266:
Altenhofen, C. V.; Frey, J.; Käfer, M. L.; Klassmann, M. S.; Neumann, G. R.; Spinassé, K. P. 2007. Fundamentos para uma escrita do Hunsrückisch falado no Brasil.
4069:
6946:
6349:
4984:
950:
were 15% of Porto Alegre's population, 10% of São Paulo's population in 1860, and 60% of the immigrants living in Curitiba by the end of the 19th century. In
6371:
3085:
Sometimes, Germans surnames were adapted or changed in Brazil to a more "understandable" writing in Portuguese since many were incomprehensible to Brazilians.
1186:
The first generation of immigrants faced the arduous task of surviving while opening gaps in the virgin forest to build their own houses and roads. Attacks by
6007:
5595:
1357:
The above-average social, economic and cultural progress of the German settlements and their simultaneous integration into Brazilian markets as producers and
565:, in 1818. One year later, 200 families settled São Jorge, in the same state. Some Germans were brought to work in the Brazilian army after Independence from
10218:
7551:
2433:, so that all people born in Brazil should see themselves as Brazilians, and leave other ethnic associations behind. The Brazilian view contrasted with the
10274:
5490:
5229:
4145:
3139:
7471:
6614:
6319:
5172:
10298:
10262:
9860:
8753:
7313:
7103:
2014:) supporting the mayor on the basis that not being able to speak Portuguese is a handicap in Brazilian society. The guideline has since been overturned.
10235:
7040:
6978:
2356:
and toys. The whole spectacle was broadcast in its entirety on Brazilian TV station Globo-TV, with an audience of more than 190 million viewers.
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10252:
10240:
7574:
5103:
4916:
4777:
6133:
4747:
2010:
during break time to "teach them Portuguese". Disagreement ensued, with some decrying the initiative as repressive, and others (including people of
10458:
7389:
5546:
5521:
2885:, new types of sausage and vegetables are some examples of food introduced in Brazil by the immigrants. In Curitiba, sausage are commonly known as
2364:
7340:
10494:
7175:
6449:
5301:
2328:
Artistic director Paulo Barros, who has already choreographed two winning Sambadrome performances, packed Germany into five acts, beginning with
260:
7723:
6180:
5264:
4649:
7750:
7005:
2420:, in the Southeast. These people had not been assimilated into the majority Brazilian society, a fact that worried the government of President
1834:
7682:
6389:
4307:
4041:
6666:
5574:
1465:
Historically, a considerable number of German Brazilians and others of European ancestry populated certain cities and states. In the city of
7265:
8075:
6898:
6098:
2808:
schools dating back to 1924, organized by Lutheran Brazilians, mainly German Brazilians. Classes were taught in German in the early years.
2401:
and culture very different from those of Germany. Southern Brazil was a land of gauchos, cattle herders who lived, and still live, in the
10054:
9200:
7735:
7415:
6720:
6419:
5050:
4958:
4848:
871:. Germans helped to establish a middle-class population in Brazil, a country that was formerly divided between slaves and their masters.
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6759:
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5622:
4725:
4596:
4505:
4416:
4364:
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7609:
4207:
2298:
of black, red and gold to point towards this awaited event. The motto of the year is "Germany and Brazil – when ideas come together."
7521:
6068:
7743:
7390:"Ontem e hoje : percurso linguistico dos pomeranos de Espigão D Oeste-RO – Artigos Acadêmicos Científicos, Teses e Dissertações"
6475:
6034:
7366:
7238:
4563:
1183:
in German. Portuguese became dominant later, as a means of communication with Brazilians or with immigrants of other nationalities.
8299:
8108:
8098:
8088:
5943:
5621:[Experience of concentration camps on the lives of Paraná immigrants] (in Portuguese). hojecentrosul.com.br. Archived from
5404:
2157:
The printed media include newspapers like "Deutsche Zeitung" or magazines like "Entre Rios", "Lindenpost" and "Sankt Paulusblatt".
845:
363:
8241:
7152:
6159:
5197:
4333:
1994:'s government, during World War II, when Brazil broke off diplomatic relations with Germany (and also with the other Axis Powers,
595:, overpopulation and poverty in the countryside. Many Germans were willing to immigrate to Brazil. Furthermore, Brazil's Empress,
377:
was small compared to the numbers who went to the United States, and also compared to immigration of other nationalities, such as
8709:
8477:
8146:
7503:
6924:
6640:
397:
which started as early as 1824, many decades before the beginning of the immigration of other European ethnic groups to Brazil.
5466:
5379:
5357:
430:
constituted only 3% of the population of the old German communities of São Leopoldo, Estrela, Montenegro and Bom Retiro do Sul.
370:
32.2% in the following two decades; and at the end of the 19th century they were the largest immigrant group (21.9%) in the US.
8904:
8859:
8268:
8166:
8093:
6497:
4671:
4528:
3082:. It is considered the most "German" city in Brazil. Many towns in Southern Brazil have a majority of German-descent citizens.
3031:
Brazil's first Olympic Bobsleigh athlete and founder of the Brazilian Ice Sports Federation (Brasilianischer Eissportverband).
614:, a German who was living in Brazil, was sent to Germany in order to bring immigrants. He brought immigrants and soldiers from
275:
6206:
4894:
3407:
10569:
10172:
9225:
8503:
8156:
8103:
6753:
6418:[Santa Catarina Hospital – A history of love and dedication] (in Portuguese). hsc.org.br. 2 July 2012. Archived from
5897:
5858:
5819:
5651:
5044:
4952:
4842:
4719:
4590:
4499:
4155:
6693:
4619:
10554:
10410:
9966:
8894:
8783:
8151:
6865:
6288:
5010:
4073:
3956:
1430:
descended from Germans. The other main groups were Italians (25%), Poles (6%), and Hungarians (3%); 21% had other ancestry.
1332:
that created sharp differences) but also not completely Brazilian (because of the undesirable misery seen in Brazilians).
8320:
7441:
7211:
5747:
4394:
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10415:
10016:
9975:
9002:
8161:
7295:
7193:
6266:
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2570:
957:
People of German descent actively participated in the industrialization and development of big cities in Brazil, such as
6839:
6781:
5685:
4442:
4233:
3673:
2980:
2763:
2461:, where the population was composed mostly of Germans, Italians and Poles. Following the establishment of the Brazilian
10559:
8263:
6558:
5716:
4472:
8251:
3841:
2548:
1915:
People who usually do not speak Portuguese at home, by gender and nationality, according to the 1940 Brazilian census
10385:
10137:
9685:
9543:
8289:
6953:
6610:
6345:
4980:
3966:
1179:
grazing areas. The areas of German settlement emerged in the center of the region, isolated from other settlements.
423:
21.6% of the population in 1950. By 1920, the vast majority of the population of German descent was Brazilian-born.
202:
Between 1824 and 1972, about 260,000 Germans settled in Brazil, the fifth largest nationality to immigrate after the
7292:"LEI Nº 2251, DE 1º DE SETEMBRO DE 2010: INSTITUI A LINGUA ALEMÃ COMO IDIOMA COMPLEMENTAR E SECUNDÁRIO NO MUNICÍPIO"
7178:[In Brazil, Pomeranians seek a culture that is lost] (in Portuguese). gabeira.locaweb.com.br. Archived from
6375:
5133:
4286:
1354:. When they returned to their hometowns, they endorsed a Brazilian identity which was already becoming imperative.
1335:
Their isolation and cultural and linguistic conservatism gave rise to conflicts between German Brazilians (and also
9086:
8844:
6807:
5198:"Política lingüística, mitos e concepções lingüísticas em áreas bilíngües de imigrantes (alemães) no Sul do Brasil"
3961:
2309:
It was a mammoth show, involving eight floats, built on buses, with various Germanic features – including outsized
1975:, where the Portuguese-speaking population was not present, and it was natural that the children continue speaking
17:
2705:
forces, which was difficult for many of them, considering that the soldiers were forced to fight against Germany.
8778:
7967:
2777:
2751:
3659:
3002:
Other clubs were founded in other cities as Sociedade Germania in Rio de Janeiro founded in 1821. In São Paulo,
2857:
Germans introduced new types of food and beverage in Brazil or reinforced their utilizations by Brazilians. The
2539:
881:
By 1905 the German Navy Office listed that there were over 140k Germans living in Brazil, 131.5k of those being
10380:
9253:
8837:
8664:
8396:
8236:
7945:
7463:
6323:
3039:
2873:
2783:
9366:
7107:
10205:
10085:
9986:
9625:
9453:
9448:
9361:
9043:
8738:
8373:
7962:
7266:"Imigrantes que buscaram no Brasil melhores condições de vida, ficaram isolados e sem apoio do poder público"
3022:
924:
were empty. Most of them had been settled by German, Italian and Polish immigrants during the 19th century.
386:
7044:
6982:
2527:
306:
286:
115:
9313:
9101:
8950:
8743:
8294:
7802:
7773:
4111:[The role of international migration in the evolution of the Brazilian population (1872 to 1972)].
3921:
2291:
2002:
Maria do Herval, a town in Rio Grande do Sul, issued a verbal orientation to the municipality's elementary
1895:
1187:
581:
576:
had a very low population density. Most of its inhabitants were concentrated on the coast and a few in the
7765:
7711:
7606:"A heterogeneidade do hunsruckisch em Salvador do Sul: formas de discursivização e políticas linguísticas"
7582:
5099:
4920:
4773:
1826:
and descendants of Azorean Portuguese who make up the poor in Southern Brazil, in search of land to work.
9190:
8997:
8970:
8960:
8945:
8864:
8702:
7043:[The Pomeranian people in Espirito Santa – Interview] (in Portuguese). rog.com.br. Archived from
6129:
4751:
2295:
596:
128:
8021:
5550:
5505:
400:
For example, the first significant groups of Italians to immigrate to Brazil only arrived in 1875, many
10564:
10507:
10162:
9843:
9308:
9138:
9053:
9038:
7336:
5293:
2437:
conception of most German Brazilians of that time, who were still connected to the ancestral homeland.
844:; these attracted thousands of German immigrants to the region. Some of the mass influx was due to the
8554:
7179:
6441:
5072:
3854:(language teaching is compulsory in schools, standing on stage in public official of the municipality)
943:, different from the poor peasants who had settled in the colonies of Brazil during the 19th century.
10034:
9642:
9379:
9333:
9323:
9063:
8987:
8874:
8854:
8773:
7717:
6176:
5275:
4558:[German Immigration and Catholic Education in Curitiba from the End of XIX and XX centuries]
4387:"DVHH | Destination: The Americas | Brazil | German immigration to Brazil, periods from 1824 to 1969"
2368:
7638:
7013:
5100:"Ciro Damke: Políticas lingüísticas e a conservação da língua alemã no Brasil- nº 40 Espéculo (UCM)"
4645:
4303:
9124:
8884:
8820:
8763:
8616:
8273:
8141:
7686:
6393:
3529:
2593:"Warning: It is forbidden to speak in the German, Italian and Japanese language in a public place."
1885:
is still quite similar to that of modern German speakers, even after almost 200 years of distance.
196:
94:
6662:
3760:
3694:
3059:
1876:, and according to Ammon, who visited German-speaking communities in Southern Brazil in 2004, the
10286:
9848:
9431:
9210:
8518:
8346:
8304:
8065:
7269:
4420:
3569:
3079:
3003:
2988:
2814:
2555:
1629:
832:
Immigration restarted after 1845 with the creation of new colonies. The most important ones were
290:
132:
8004:
6902:
6808:"XXVII : Lins, Accioly Lins: os barões de Goicana, de Granito, e o general João Figueiredo"
2267:
611:
9906:
9741:
9728:
9220:
9170:
9048:
8992:
8955:
8935:
8930:
8695:
8644:
8368:
4072:[Germans abroad] (in German). German Federal Agency for Civic Education. Archived from
3846:
3075:
2702:
2667:
2353:
2240:
1673:
1637:
1607:
1592:
1577:
1532:
1517:
1502:
1470:
954:, by 1830 there were 20 businesses owned by Germans. Twenty years later the number reached 50.
856:
841:
572:
However, the cradle of the German settlement in Brazil was São Leopoldo, in 1824. At that time
317:
241:
229:
8508:
7419:
6716:
5848:
5782:
5668:
5157:"Contribuição ao desenvolvimento de uma ortografia da língua Hunsrik falada na América do Sul"
5034:
4942:
4832:
3709:
10436:
9916:
9911:
9891:
9536:
9258:
9185:
9033:
8965:
8832:
8659:
8654:
8559:
8513:
8356:
8176:
7625:
6743:
5887:
5809:
4709:
4580:
4489:
4087:
3926:
3879:
2613:
2514:- that worked quite efficiently, if not initially. He forbade any organised manifestation of
1384:
1309:
1305:
1290:
1192:
374:
203:
7605:
7506:[A piece of Austria in Brazil] (in Portuguese). guarios.com.br. 2008. Archived from
7492:
5400:
3819:
3078:, 90% of the population are Brazilians of German descent, and the main local language is an
57:
10029:
9723:
9343:
9288:
9160:
9155:
8810:
8534:
8487:
8451:
8171:
8126:
8055:
8050:
8042:
7807:
7529:
4620:"Carlos Fatorelli: FREGUESIA DE SANTO AMARO E A COLÔNIA PAULISTA, NÚCLEO COLONIAL IMPERIAL"
3936:
2939:
is claimed to be the first Brazilian beer, with production starting in 1853 in the city of
2920:
2708:
There were differences in emphasis during the nationalization campaign; in particular, the
2462:
2387:
1324:
615:
378:
192:
107:
90:
6932:
6471:
6046:
5516:
5168:
2193:
973:
860:
237:
8:
10405:
10120:
9931:
9896:
9328:
9303:
9195:
9175:
9116:
9007:
8977:
8940:
8827:
8793:
8595:
8564:
8539:
8436:
8378:
8351:
8336:
8246:
8131:
8028:
7999:
7310:"Vereadores propõem ensino da língua pomerana nas escolas do município – clicRBS Canguçu"
7242:
2559:
2494:
2482:
2185:
2042:. As with other Brazilians, there is a significant minority of non-religious people, and
1967:
637:). From São Leopoldo and Novo Hamburgo, the German immigrants spread into other areas of
294:
282:
215:
176:
10279:
10245:
7363:"Sessão Solene em homenagem a Comunidade Pomerana – Prefeitura de Espigão do Oeste (RO)"
4037:
2589:
2581:
2489:. Writings by different authors against the German settlement in Brazil displayed clear
329:
10431:
10400:
10390:
10184:
10147:
10105:
9921:
9865:
9800:
9751:
9718:
9706:
9701:
9673:
9637:
9443:
9371:
9353:
9318:
9268:
9150:
9096:
9068:
8918:
8899:
8671:
8591:
8585:
8569:
8549:
8482:
8231:
8136:
8033:
7239:"Descendentes de etnia germânica vivem isolados em área rural de Minas – Nãna de Minas"
6901:[The Poetess Cora Coralina] (in Portuguese). Nehscfortaleza.com. Archived from
6155:
5204:
5156:
4329:
4024:
3990:
3931:
3687:
3586:
3360:
2609:
2515:
2318:
2286:
Beginning May 2013 Brazil celebrates the "Year of Germany in Brazil". Just in time for
1336:
211:
207:
10066:
6636:
3499:
2177:
546:
10179:
10115:
10095:
10090:
10024:
9971:
9943:
9926:
9870:
9810:
9805:
9711:
9496:
9489:
9283:
9245:
9106:
9021:
8879:
8849:
8815:
8730:
8722:
8606:
8456:
8361:
8258:
8060:
7148:
6749:
5893:
5854:
5815:
5647:
5484:
5349:
5040:
4948:
4838:
4715:
4586:
4495:
4468:
4151:
4109:"O papel da migração internacional na evolução da população brasileira (1872 a 1972)"
3946:
3464:
2979:
The German community founded two of the main football clubs in Brazil. The first one
2944:
2943:
founded by the German-Brazilian Henrique Kremer. In 1913 there were 134 breweries in
2333:
2314:
2197:
1693:
1622:
1614:
1562:
1547:
1340:
1289:, influenced by popular German traditions of Protestant aspirations. This led to the
905:
877:– Dr. Leyser, a German traveller in South Brazil at the beginning of the 20th century
852:
638:
588:
382:
264:
225:
9091:
7575:"Ata 2.ª da Comissão de Justiça, Redação e Bem Estar Social – Sessão Ordinária 2019"
5447:
5430:
4125:
4108:
3864:
3723:
2773:
Aside from Colégio Visconde, Brazil has the following German international schools:
2507:
2458:
2421:
2417:
1991:
1713:
1599:
1474:
1427:
580:. The interior was covered by forests and sparsely populated by different groups of
302:
253:
233:
10395:
10375:
10353:
10257:
10167:
10152:
10142:
10125:
10080:
10072:
10044:
9948:
9901:
9886:
9820:
9788:
9761:
9756:
9666:
9529:
9278:
9273:
9180:
9073:
9058:
8758:
8676:
8611:
8601:
8544:
8461:
8441:
8411:
8205:
8190:
7860:
7825:
6202:
5511:
5442:
5164:
4890:
4120:
3951:
3941:
3750:
3740:
3582:
2834:
2693:
Publicly speaking foreign languages, including German, was banned under penalty of
2393:
When Germans first arrived in Southern Brazil in 1824, they found a country with a
2345:
2287:
2217:
2189:
2022:
1350:, the younger generations broadened their cultural horizon and their own vision of
111:
31:
9230:
7507:
6692:["German Brazil" commemorates 180 years] (in Portuguese). Deutsche Welle.
4880:
RIBEIRO, Darcy. O Povo Brasileiro, Companhia de Bolso, fourth reprint, 2008 (2008)
1442:
Some of the old German communities are now prosperous industrial centers, such as
587:
Since Brazil was recently independent from Portugal, it was not possible to bring
10213:
10110:
10100:
10061:
9733:
9647:
9630:
9603:
9505:
9438:
9338:
9298:
9235:
9165:
8748:
8649:
8341:
7914:
7899:
6689:
6229:"Blumenau terá mais sete escolas bilíngues municipais a partir de 2022 | ND Mais"
4290:
3874:
3444:
3440:
3436:
2987:. Today, the club is the most popular football club in Southern Brazil. In 1909,
2894:
2445:
2275:
2271:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2205:
2035:
1976:
1860:
1818:
921:
573:
358:
298:
160:
7104:"Pommern in Brasilien – LernCafe – Online-Journal zur allgemeinen Weiterbildung"
6872:
6296:
5324:"Christ statue in Rio de Janeiro illuminated in German national colours – OSRAM"
3851:
3485:
3383:
3008:
2169:
business, influences of German ancestry have been noticeable throughout Brazil.
2007:
1873:
1554:
1443:
1422:
793:
431:
10521:
9853:
9838:
9815:
9771:
9737:
9678:
9575:
9078:
8889:
7846:
7449:
5743:
4386:
4202:
3913:
3018:
3014:
2952:
2936:
2878:
2739:
2630:
so there was a natural tendency of informal Nazi support for the Integralists.
2349:
2337:
2213:
2173:
2043:
1987:
1982:
The fact that they spoke German did not prevent them from seeing themselves as
1979:
rather than adopt the Portuguese language with which they rarely had contact.
1890:
1373:
1170:
1079:
951:
868:
642:
346:
268:
7337:"Ontem e hoje : percurso linguistico dos pomeranos de Espigão D'Oeste-RO"
7197:
6258:
4774:"São Paulo: Deutsche Wirtschaft boomt – Amerika – Deutsche Welle – 31.08.2009"
4556:"Imigração alemã e educação católica na Curitiba de finais do século XIX e XX"
3396:
805:
114:
dialects as their mother tongue; the largest group with est. 3,000,000 native
10543:
10533:
10308:
10191:
9783:
9766:
9745:
9591:
9510:
9263:
8982:
5689:
3899:
3683:
3635:
3351:
2948:
2617:
2434:
2406:
2329:
2225:
2209:
2201:
2069:
1569:
1539:
1447:
1317:
797:
630:
7552:"Dialeto de origem alemã passa a fazer parte da grade escolar de Nova Hartz"
6554:
5720:
3765:
3423:
2940:
2585:"It is forbidden to speak Italian, German and Japanese in any public place."
1524:
629:
the colony started to develop, with the immigrants establishing the town of
621:
German immigrants in Brazil settled mostly in rural areas, called colonies (
10157:
9659:
8805:
8010:
7194:"Lei n. 1136/2009 cooficializa Língua Pomerana em Santa Maria de Jetibá-ES"
5673:
4917:"Portal de Cultura da Prefeitura Municipal de Jaraguá do Sul – XT-Conteúdo"
4092:
3781:
3727:
3710:
Municipalities with co-official German dialects or other Germanic languages
3561:
3028:
2984:
2924:
2839:
2798:
2694:
2544:
2486:
2313:
figures, the moon (to represent Germany pioneering rocket scientists, e.g.
2303:
2181:
1900:
1347:
962:
864:
851:
By the end of the 19th century, 122 German communities had been created in
789:
245:
9458:
7683:":: Brasil Alemanha :: O portal oficial da imigração alemã no Brasil"
5811:
The Brazilian-American Alliance, 1937–1945 by Frank D. McCann Jr., page 80
5125:
4283:
4150:. United States of America: The University Press of Kentucky. p. 35.
3452:
2956:
2701:
enlisted many Germans and people of German descent to fight alongside the
2279:
2027:
1731:
1301:
969:
64:
10487:
9935:
9293:
5619:"Experiência dos campos de concentração na vida dos imigrantes do Paraná"
3986:
3400:
3364:
3055:
2566:
2440:
2413:
2236:
2229:
2221:
427:
7867:
7121:
Município de Itarana participa de ações do Inventário da Língua Pomerana
6814:
6637:"Clube alemão, com restaurante alemão e espaço para aluguel para festas"
4147:
Hitler's Man in Havana: Heinz Luning and Nazi Espionage in Latin America
3719:
3513:
3416:
3392:
1966:
The "myth of monolingualism", along with the general idea that speaking
357:
of Europeans to different parts of the world, which led to a process of
341:
333:
German Diaspora (c. 1930). Brazil received the second largest number of
10291:
9205:
8768:
7920:
7796:
7012:(in Portuguese). Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Archived from
5783:"Quarterly Review: A Journal of University Perspectives, Volumes 48–49"
3994:
3869:
3642:
3522:
3432:
3070:
The percentages are higher in some cities. For example, in the town of
2868:
2532:
2490:
2398:
2341:
1983:
1369:
936:
917:
801:
405:
394:
354:
249:
184:
148:
10228:
9652:
7812:
6719:[Of "Germanness" and adaptation] (in German). Deutsche Welle.
5424:
5422:
4187:
Many authors. Os Alemães no Sul do Brasil, Editora Ulbra, 2004 (2004).
3806:
2877:, is also used as derogatory term to designate Germans, and people of
2608:
In addition there was the issue of the local Brazilian traditionalist
542:
10049:
9582:
9463:
8016:
7008:[Schooling among Pomeranian descendants in Domingos Martins]
6163:
5467:"EXTREMA DIREITA E QUESTÃO NACIONAL: o nazismo no Brasil dos anos 30"
3608:
3474:
3456:
3448:
3368:
2975:
A match between Coritiba and Ceará in the 2007 Campeonato Brasileiro.
2563:
2467:
2310:
2123:
2039:
1494:
1455:
837:
821:
554:
7886:
3051:
2971:
2690:
high schools and colleges continued, as well as their private use.
2622:
1907:, of which about 170 are indigenous and 30 languages of immigrants.
1584:
1459:
558:
10313:
10303:
8869:
7840:
6581:"Pesquisa aponta Grêmio como o clube mais popular do Sul do Brasil"
6166:(West Germany). 23 June 1965. Retrieved on 12 March 2016. p. 19/51.
5850:
How Roosevelt Failed America in World War II by Stewart Halsey Ross
5717:"EIAL VII1 – Influencia política alemã no Brasil na década DE 1930"
5419:
4981:"As marcas dos alemães no Espírito Santo – Brasil – Deutsche Welle"
4102:
4100:
3826:
3794:
3626:
3594:
3553:
3543:
3071:
3044:
2992:
2805:
2734:
2574:
2430:
1904:
1847:
1509:
1466:
1451:
1358:
983:
958:
897:
833:
592:
566:
322:
218:. By 1940, the German diaspora in Brazil totaled about a million.
8687:
7006:"A escolarização entre descendentes pomeranos em Domingos Martins"
6442:""Brasil alemão" comemora 180 anos – Brasil – DW.COM – 25.07.2004"
6008:"Um processo cultural forçado – Vida e Cidadania – Gazeta do Povo"
2999:
due to the presence of German Brazilians among its first players.
2846:
2813:
German as a second language (the other 14 teach either English or
1842:
591:
immigrants. Germany was suffering the effects of the wars against
10368:
10363:
10358:
10325:
9552:
9468:
7926:
7876:
7833:
7732:(an Internet magazine published both in German and in Portuguese)
3745:
3618:
3557:
3478:
3376:
2882:
2394:
2166:
2141:
2011:
2003:
1882:
1877:
1869:
1426:
By 2002 City Hall research concluded that 45% of the people from
1362:
1283:
1025:
947:
940:
928:
901:
784:
600:
449:
German immigration to Brazil, decennial periods from 1824 to 1969
334:
188:
168:
144:
10335:
9521:
7818:
7603:
7236:
6525:"Aumenta consumo de bebidas alcoólicas no Brasil, segundo a OMS"
5265:"The Lutheran World Federation 2009 Membership Figures: Summary"
4097:
2352:. Meanwhile, the "Universe of Children" section is dedicated to
1282:
During this period, the more isolated communities suffered from
305:. It is estimated that between 2 and 3 million people can speak
195:, with a smaller but still significant percentage living in the
10451:
10446:
10223:
10130:
8718:
7777:
6179:(in Portuguese). Centro Tecnológico Frederico Jorge Longemann.
4130:
3777:
3755:
3652:
3372:
3058:, the German Nobel Prize winner is son of the German Brazilian
2864:
2850:
2755:
2746:
2713:
2598:
2402:
2105:
2087:
1972:
1351:
1286:
1175:
1061:
1007:
913:
453:
Source: Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics (IBGE)
401:
4248:
1293:
in the 1870s, which culminated in several crimes and murders.
30:
For the dialects of the German language spoken in Brazil, see
10267:
7853:
3578:
2960:
2858:
2510:
initiated a strict program of forced cultural assimilation –
1995:
1903:
countries in the world, with inhabitants speaking around 200
1323:
However, coexistence with the local Brazilians (Amerindians,
1043:
813:
577:
562:
271:
cited the number of 5 million Brazilians of German descent.
6416:"Hospital Santa Catarina – Uma história de amor e dedicação"
5646:] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Miltaer-Verlag.
3034:
10463:
10330:
6127:
4562:(in Portuguese). Universidade São Francisco. Archived from
3325:(Austria). The Brazilian family comes from the branch from
3322:
2983:
was founded in 1903 by the German and English community in
2932:
2928:
2853:, a common German dessert in southern Brazil called "cuca."
2674:
later declassified, the interest of the embassy was in the
2616:. In contrast to the Nazi Party, the Integralists favoured
2322:
2302:
coming together: colours, cultures, and capabilities," the
7729:
6745:
Histзria da Imigraусo Alemс no Sul ... – Felipe Kuhn Braun
5937:
5935:
5933:
3714:
3326:
3017:
is the famous German Brazilian goalkeeper, who plays for
1477:
was 73,000 in 1960, 145,000 in 1980 and 250,000 in 2004.
191:
ancestry. German Brazilians live mostly in the country's
6840:"RootsWeb's WorldConnect Project: Süddeutsche Patrizier"
6037:[The unexpected rehabilitation Getúlio Vargas].
5941:
2754:(Lutheran University of Brazil, also known as Ulbra) in
1411: Between 20 – 25% of population (Rio Grande do Sul)
281:
German dialects together make up the second most spoken
7446:
State of Santa Catarina, Municipality of Antônio Carlos
7334:
7003:
5930:
7712:
German Oversee Migration in the Online-Databank HISTAT
7176:"No Brasil, pomeranos buscam uma cultura que se perde"
6947:"AÇÃO ANTROPOGÊNICA – OCUPAÇÃO DAS TERRAS E POPULAÇÃO"
4230:"Olivet Second Most Spoken Languages Around the World"
3621:, Oldenburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Hanover, Switzerland
1753:
German population – first decade of the 20th century
982:
Owners of industrial and commercial establishments in
792:'s Metropolitan Area were founded by Germans, such as
285:
after Portuguese. A few Brazilian municipalities have
10505:
6374:. Hospital Samaritano São Paulo. 1996. Archived from
6156:
Deutscher Bundestag 4. Wahlperiode Drucksache IV/3672
5944:"Alemanha e Brasil: as relações diplomáticas em 1938"
5541:
5539:
4672:"Alemães ajudaram a formar a classe média paulistana"
4553:
4529:"Alemães ajudaram a formar a classe média paulistana"
935:
These Germans were mostly middle-class laborers from
557:
to settle in Brazil were 165 families who settled in
5431:"A assimilação dos imigrantes como questão nacional"
3889:
3682:
Pomerania, Rhineland, Prussia, Saxony, Switzerland,
2794:
Escola Hygienopolis – Waldorf-Schule – in São Paulo.
537:
27:
Brazilian person of ethnic German ancestry or origin
7718:
Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisa Lingüística – IPOL
7312:. Wp.clicrbs.com.br. 24 August 2011. Archived from
6782:"As Mudanças nos Nomes de Família – Família MEURER"
6498:"Chopp X Cerveja: Aprenda as principais diferenças"
4834:
Italianos no Brasil: "andiamo in ... – Franco Cenni
5536:
4465:Germany's Vision of Empire in Venezuela, 1871-1914
4198:"As Diferentes Fases da Imigração Alemã no Brasil"
1361:facilitated the integration of the descendants of
6979:"Fundação de Cultura e Turismo Petrópolis – FCTP"
5807:
5259:
5257:
5154:
4016:
4014:
1379:
603:and encouraged the arrival of German immigrants.
10541:
7448:(in Portuguese). 9 February 2010. Archived from
7173:
7060:
6896:
6687:
5489:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
5294:"Off Runway, Brazilian Beauty Goes Beyond Blond"
4063:
4061:
4059:
4021:A little piece of Germany in the heart of Brazil
3668:Hunsrück, Pomerania, Rhineland, Prussia, Saxony
2861:culture in Brazil arrived by German immigrants.
2597:These problems were aggravated with the rise of
224:The majority settled in the Brazilian states of
7675:
7098:
7096:
7094:
7092:
7090:
7034:
7032:
7030:
7028:
7026:
6929:Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics
5889:The Voice of Destruction por Hermann Rauschning
5401:"Brasil: migrações internacionais e identidade"
5380:"Full text of "The aims and claims of Germany""
5094:
5092:
5090:
3332:
1417: Around 35% of population (Santa Catarina)
7714:(toll-free, registration necessary, in German)
7263:
7038:
6952:. 2.prefeitura.sp.gov.br. 2003. Archived from
6842:. Wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com. 18 November 2014.
5254:
5192:
5190:
4257:. The German Times. Retrieved 11 October 2016.
4011:
1986:, since they saw themselves as "Brazilians of
1399: Between 1 – 5% of population (São Paulo)
1388:German population in Southern Brazil in 1911.
10189:
9537:
8703:
7751:
6177:"O que é, afinal, a Rede Sinodal de Educação"
6035:"A inesperada reabilitação de Getúlio Vargas"
6032:
5507:Nazismo tropical? O partido Nazista no Brasil
4919:. Cultura.jaraguadosul.com.br. Archived from
4067:
4056:
2332:and assorted mythic creatures. There follows
1173:colonization, and to the south and west, the
912:Not all Germans who settled in Brazil became
10485:
9657:
9589:
9573:
9566:
7653:"Decreto 5 2009 de Santa Maria do Herval RS"
7408:
7151:. Lpniceia.wordpress.com. 27 December 2008.
7087:
7023:
6235:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 5 November 2021.
5711:
5709:
5707:
5616:
5472:. Archived from the original on 4 March 2009
5087:
4617:
3043:Students and teachers at a German school in
2682:, or Brazilian citizens of German ancestry.
1439:areas, stemming from the cottage industry.
1405: Between 5 – 10% of population (Paraná)
10495:Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)
7133:"Lei Municipal nº 1.195/2016 de Itarana/ES"
6981:. Fctp.petropolis.rj.gov.br. Archived from
6714:
6346:"O Hospital – Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz"
5585:
5291:
5187:
4526:
2493:against the so-called "German threat". The
9544:
9530:
8710:
8696:
7758:
7744:
7056:
7054:
6522:
6372:"Hospital Samaritano São Paulo – História"
6364:
5885:
5029:
5027:
4876:
4874:
4872:
4870:
4868:
4866:
4740:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4697:
4467:. Princeton University Press. p. 52.
4361:"Interpretação Sociológica Do Catarinense"
4260:
4232:. olivet.edu. 7 April 2015. Archived from
4222:
4143:
2573:during World War II. Albrecht was born in
1393: Less than 1% of population (Uruguay)
892:
353:The 19th century was marked by an intense
7604:Azevedo, Liliam Keide Arnhold de (2016).
7581:(in Brazilian Portuguese). Archived from
7558:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 7 March 2019.
7335:Maria do Socorro Pessoa (16 April 2008).
6317:
5704:
5515:
5446:
4487:
4124:
4107:Levy, Maria Stella Ferreira (June 1974).
3035:Number of German Brazilians and ethnicity
2959:. In 1999 the two brands merged creating
7726:("We German-Brazilians" (PDF) in German)
7444:[Legislative Project 132/2010].
6099:"Former pupils of German schools abroad"
6010:. Portal.rpc.com.br. 26 September 2008.
5669:O Brasil e sua guerra quase desconhecida
5635:
5503:
5428:
5036:Os Alemгes no sul do Brasil: cultura ...
4183:
4181:
4179:
3730:in which East Pomeranian is co-official.
3718:
3050:
3038:
2991:was founded by the German population in
2970:
2893:(Wiener Würstchen). In Southern Brazil,
2845:
2833:
2745:
2733:
2588:
2580:
2554:
2538:
2526:
2439:
2363:
2266:
2021:
1841:
1833:
1421:
1383:
1300:
896:
846:Revolutions of 1848 in the German states
783:
541:
340:
328:
316:
274:According to a 2016 survey published by
10075:(including German, Swiss and Austrians)
10069:(including German, Swiss and Austrians)
7522:"Estância Velha – RS – Notícia Leitura"
7063:"A CO-OFICIALIZAÇÃO DA LÍNGUA POMERANA"
7051:
5927:, "Défense de l'Amérique, p. 218 e 3374
5073:"Konfessionskarte von Mitteleuropa Map"
5024:
4863:
4694:
4355:
4353:
4351:
2720:
2259:(2015), who all share German ancestry.
1276:
14:
10542:
7387:
7237:Agência Web IC Inteligência Criativa.
4462:
3858:
3715:East Pomeranian dialect (Ostpommersch)
2543:Children make the Nazi version of the
2359:
916:. In the early 20th century, very few
904:is a touristic Italo-Germanic city in
779:
276:Institute of Applied Economic Research
9525:
8691:
7739:
7396:from the original on 21 December 2012
6788:from the original on 13 February 2009
6741:
6723:from the original on 11 February 2016
6681:
6669:from the original on 20 November 2014
6643:from the original on 17 December 2014
6591:from the original on 20 December 2014
6561:from the original on 2 September 2011
6557:. CervejasDoMundo. 22 November 2006.
6478:from the original on 17 December 2014
6352:from the original on 17 December 2014
6269:from the original on 17 December 2014
6209:from the original on 22 February 2017
6183:from the original on 22 February 2017
6136:from the original on 18 December 2014
6109:from the original on 18 December 2014
6079:from the original on 18 December 2014
5741:
5570:
5568:
5517:10.11606/T.8.2007.tde-10072007-113709
5350:"Rio gives Carnival a Teutonic touch"
5203:. Ibero-americana.net. Archived from
4987:from the original on 11 February 2016
4830:
4707:
4626:from the original on 20 November 2015
4176:
3091:Germans surnames adapted in Brazil
2294:in Rio de Janeiro was illuminated in
2160:
889:Citizens, with 24 German consulates.
244:. Less than 5% of Germans settled in
7041:"O povo pomerano no ES – Entrevista"
6846:from the original on 12 October 2012
6617:from the original on 13 January 2022
5988:from the original on 18 January 2018
5956:from the original on 12 October 2010
5906:from the original on 2 November 2023
5867:from the original on 2 November 2023
5828:from the original on 2 November 2023
5789:from the original on 2 November 2023
5459:
5407:from the original on 30 January 2009
5304:from the original on 20 October 2016
5175:from the original on 2 November 2023
5007:"Primeiros resultados do Censo 2010"
4443:"Full text of "The Monroe Doctrine""
4348:
4336:from the original on 10 October 2007
4164:from the original on 2 November 2023
4106:
4044:from the original on 7 December 2013
3957:German colonial projects before 1871
3800:
2829:
1090:
606:
85:Regions with significant populations
8784:Sixth (New) Republic (1985–present)
8717:
7645:
7456:
7218:from the original on 6 October 2020
7174:Eduardo Nunomura (1 January 2005).
7155:from the original on 6 October 2020
6696:from the original on 9 October 2012
6690:""Brasil alemão" comemora 180 anos"
6663:"São Paulo Futebol Clube – Canindé"
6504:from the original on 26 August 2015
6452:from the original on 9 January 2016
6408:
6014:from the original on 24 August 2011
5750:from the original on 17 August 2016
5746:(in Portuguese). nacaomestica.org.
5688:. Veja.abril.com.br. Archived from
5524:from the original on 28 August 2010
5497:
5360:from the original on 9 January 2016
5330:from the original on 9 January 2016
5292:Barrionuevo, Alexei (8 June 2010).
5148:
5053:from the original on 12 August 2023
4961:from the original on 12 August 2023
4851:from the original on 12 August 2023
4780:from the original on 9 January 2016
4766:
4728:from the original on 12 August 2023
4682:from the original on 9 January 2016
4599:from the original on 12 August 2023
4535:from the original on 9 January 2016
4508:from the original on 12 August 2023
4397:from the original on 21 August 2017
3835:
2699:Brazilian Expeditionary Force (FEB)
2485:which brought about the end of the
2290:on 3 October 2012 the world-famous
1807:
1435:original agricultural production.
885:Nationals and the other 8.5k being
24:
7343:from the original on 25 April 2013
5808:Frank D Mccann JR (8 March 2015).
5768:da Costa, Sérgio Corrêa da Costa,
5575:Document accessed 2 September 2009
5565:
5136:from the original on 20 April 2014
5106:from the original on 20 April 2016
4520:
3315:
2262:
2034:Most German Brazilians are either
25:
10581:
9551:
8779:Military dictatorship (1964–1985)
7705:
7663:from the original on 26 June 2020
7562:from the original on 26 June 2020
7474:from the original on 27 June 2020
7388:Pessoa, Maria do Socorro (1996).
7123:, Prefeitura Municipal de Itarana
6762:from the original on 30 July 2023
6688:Geraldo Hoffmann (25 July 2004).
6535:from the original on 7 March 2016
6128:Atuaweb – Soluções em Web Sites.
4897:from the original on 4 March 2016
4652:from the original on 2 March 2012
4310:from the original on 5 March 2016
4088:Latin America: Regions and People
3967:Ratlines (World War II aftermath)
3788:
3734:
1961:
1098:Farms owned by foreigners (1920)
538:First German settlement in Brazil
426:The census of 1920 revealed that
10527:
10515:
8764:First (Old) Republic (1889–1930)
7767:
7612:from the original on 8 July 2020
7597:
7544:
7514:
7504:"Um pedaço da Aústria no Brasil"
7496:
7486:
7464:"LEI Nº 1.685/16, DE 12/07/2016"
7434:
7381:
7355:
7328:
7302:
7284:
7257:
7230:
7204:
7186:
7167:
7149:"Pomerano!? – Língua Portuguesa"
7141:
7126:
7114:
7039:Mandato Vereza (November 2009).
7004:Gerlinde Merklein Weber (1998).
6997:
6971:
6939:
6917:
6890:
6858:
6832:
6800:
6774:
6717:"Von "Deutschtum" und Anpassung"
6289:"Histórico – Hospital do Amparo"
6239:from the original on 5 July 2022
5846:
5429:Seyferth, Giralda (April 1997).
5242:from the original on 6 July 2011
4582:Histуrias de imigrantes e de ...
3962:German inventors and discoverers
3906:
3892:
3346:Place of origin of the settlers
2981:Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense
2764:Colégio Visconde de Porto Seguro
2571:Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
2134:
2116:
2098:
2080:
2062:
1072:
1054:
1036:
1018:
1000:
337:, only behind the United States.
56:
7579:Câmara de Vereadores Nova Hartz
7442:"Projecto Legislativo 132/2010"
7264:Daniel Antunes (12 June 2011).
7068:. Farese.edu.br. Archived from
6931:(in Portuguese). Archived from
6735:
6708:
6655:
6629:
6603:
6573:
6547:
6516:
6490:
6464:
6434:
6382:
6338:
6311:
6281:
6251:
6221:
6205:(in Portuguese). Rede Sinodal.
6195:
6169:
6148:
6121:
6091:
6061:
6026:
6000:
5968:
5918:
5879:
5840:
5801:
5775:
5762:
5735:
5678:
5661:
5629:
5610:
5579:
5448:10.1590/S0104-93131997000100004
5393:
5372:
5342:
5316:
5285:
5230:"Recenseamento Geral do Brasil"
5222:
5161:Summer Institute of Linguistics
5118:
5065:
4999:
4973:
4935:
4909:
4883:
4824:
4792:
4664:
4638:
4611:
4573:
4547:
4481:
4456:
4435:
4409:
4379:
4322:
4296:
4277:
4126:10.1590/S0034-89101974000500003
3771:
2881:origin or descent in general),
2752:Universidade Luterana do Brasil
2549:Presidente Bernardes, São Paulo
6390:"Hospital Unimed Santa Helena"
5942:Andrea Helena Petry Rahmeier.
5814:. Princeton University Press.
5617:Silvia Costa (29 April 2009).
5588:"Um processo cultural forçado"
5169:11858/00-001M-0000-0012-96BA-9
4944:Quase-cidadсo: histзrias e ...
4750:. Brasilien.de. Archived from
4711:Etnicidade, nacionalismo e ...
4554:Régis Ferreira Negrão (2008).
4491:Comunicaусo de massa sem massa
4255:German Roots – Gisele Bündchen
4190:
4137:
4080:
4030:
3979:
2784:Deutsche Schule Rio de Janeiro
2678:, or German citizens, not the
1380:Panorama of German communities
437:
259:According to a 1999 survey by
13:
1:
7468:www.diariomunicipal.sc.gov.br
6927:[Brazil: 500 years].
6871:. Buratto.net. Archived from
6813:. Buratto.net. Archived from
6715:Neusa Soliz (19 March 2004).
6069:"Education "made in Germany""
5770:Crônica de uma Guerra Secreta
5742:Costa, Sérgio Correa (2004).
4363:. Cfh.ufsc.br. Archived from
4004:
3494:Rhineland, Saxony, Pomerania
3023:Brazil national football team
2444:German communities (pink) in
2239:beauty pageant have included
1327:of Azorean stock, mixed-race
1202:Colonies created since 1808
651:First settlers in Joinville
549:, settled by Germans in 1858.
5886:Rauschning, Hermann (1940).
5504:Dietrich, Ana Maria (2007).
4708:Alves, Eliane Bisan (2006).
4027:. Retrieved 11 October 2016.
3333:The first German communities
2804:Rede Sinodal – a network of
2729:
2614:Brazilian Integralist Action
2317:), and figures from ancient
2292:Christ the Redeemer monument
1790:Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo
7:
10555:European diaspora in Brazil
9976:Alsatians and Lotharingians
9226:Water supply and sanitation
8774:Fourth Republic (1946–1964)
8749:Colonial Brazil (1500–1815)
7659:(in Brazilian Portuguese).
7526:www.estanciavelha.rs.gov.br
6742:Braun, Felipe Kuhn (2010).
6611:"Coxa: a origem do apelido"
6033:Mário Maestri (July 2006).
5981:. Histedbr.fae.unicamp.br.
5949:. Eeh2008.anpuh-rs.org.br.
5719:. Tau.ac.il. Archived from
4527:Neusa Soliz (26 May 2004).
4144:Schoonover, Thomas (2008).
4115:(in Brazilian Portuguese).
3885:
3813:
3508:Pomerania, Saxony, Bohemia
2390:, German economist (1900).
2344:robots, and a depiction of
2017:
1854:
1296:
927:Given this situation, most
312:
10:
10586:
10550:German diaspora by country
8754:United Kingdom (1815–1822)
7720:(Blumenau, Santa Catarina)
5744:"Adolf Hitler (1889–1945)"
5235:. Biblioteca.ibge.gov.br.
5155:Wiesemann, Ursula (2008).
4488:Caparelli, Sérgio (1986).
3829:Riograndenser Hunsrückisch
3301:Müller, Miller and Muller
2797:Instituto Preteologico in
2778:Colégio Humboldt São Paulo
2172:Renowned German Brazilian
1829:
1201:
650:
448:
116:Riograndenser Hunsrückisch
29:
10560:German diaspora in Brazil
10478:
10424:
10346:
10204:
10015:
9995:
9959:
9879:
9831:
9694:
9618:
9611:
9602:
9559:
9483:
9352:
9244:
9146:
9137:
9115:
9029:
9020:
9008:President of the Republic
8926:
8917:
8801:
8792:
8729:
8637:
8578:
8527:
8496:
8470:
8429:
8420:
8404:
8395:
8329:
8313:
8282:
8224:
8215:
8198:
8189:
8117:
8074:
8041:
7993:
7986:
7954:
7937:
7907:
7898:
7788:
7784:
7061:Ismael Tressmann (2009).
6899:"A poetisa Cora Coralina"
6263:Hospital Moinhos de Vento
4646:"Projeto Imigração Alemã"
4304:"Projeto Imigração Alemã"
3780:(only in the district of
3090:
2838:Brahma's Old Building in
2820:
2790:Historic German schools:
2522:
2371:and its German influence.
2296:Germany's national colors
2006:to retain students using
1752:
1647:
1097:
981:
143:
138:
127:
122:
105:
100:
89:
84:
77:
72:
55:
10570:Brazil–Germany relations
8931:Administrative divisions
8000:American (United States)
6039:Revista Espaço Acadêmico
5510:(Thesis). Teses.usp.br.
5039:Editora da ULBRA. 1994.
4113:Revista de Saúde Pública
3972:
3922:Brazil–Germany relations
3585:, Rhineland, Pomerania,
3165:Heizeriter or Aizenrita
2966:
2871:(known in Portuguese as
2321:, including thunder god
2152:
283:first language in Brazil
9996:Multinational dimension
5636:Scherzer, Veit (2007).
4463:Herwig, Holger (2016).
3080:East Pomeranian dialect
3004:Esporte Clube Pinheiros
2995:. The club nickname is
2989:Coritiba Foot Ball Club
2951:was founded in 1888 in
2815:Brazilian Sign Language
2340:'s outcast characters,
1846:German architecture in
1368:The identification as "
893:Urban Germans in Brazil
416:by T B Edgington said:
321:German architecture in
10486:
10190:
9917:Bosnia and Herzegovina
9658:
9590:
9574:
9567:
9087:Science and technology
8769:Vargas Era (1930–1946)
8645:Demographics of Brazil
7774:Ancestry and ethnicity
7724:Wir Deutschbrasilianer
7633:Cite journal requires
6897:David Gueiros Vieira.
5847:Ross, Stewart Halsey.
5274:. 2010. Archived from
4831:Cenni, Franco (2003).
4748:"Deutsche Einwanderer"
4068:Wilhelm Bleek (2003).
4038:"Hunsrik | Ethnologue"
3731:
3205:Lamberty and Lamberti
3063:
3048:
3007:renamed to Pinheiros.
2976:
2854:
2843:
2759:
2743:
2664:
2594:
2586:
2578:
2552:
2536:
2478:
2449:
2372:
2283:
2031:
1932:Naturalized Brazilians
1851:
1839:
1838:Brazilian Oktoberfest.
1431:
1419:
1313:
909:
879:
829:
550:
350:
338:
326:
307:Brazilian Hunsrückisch
297:, they are located in
287:Brazilian Hunsrückisch
180:
110:. Great numbers speak
63:German descendants in
8022:Santa Bárbara d'Oeste
7657:leismunicipais.com.br
6748:. Felipe Kuhn Braun.
4893:. Tonijochem.com.br.
4569:on 30 September 2011.
4289:20 April 2014 at the
3927:Brazilians in Germany
3880:Santa Maria do Herval
3827:Hunsrik Language (or
3761:Santa Maria de Jetibá
3722:
3695:Santa Maria de Jetibá
3538:Pomerania, Rhineland
3060:Júlia da Silva Bruhns
3054:
3042:
2974:
2849:
2837:
2766:, founded in 1872 as
2749:
2737:
2653:
2592:
2584:
2569:and recipient of the
2558:
2542:
2530:
2473:
2443:
2367:
2306:newspaper reported.
2270:
2025:
1845:
1837:
1425:
1387:
1325:Portuguese Brazilians
1306:Jacobina Mentz Maurer
1304:
1291:Revolt of the Muckers
1193:Industrial Revolution
900:
873:
855:, and many others in
787:
545:
375:immigration to Brazil
344:
332:
320:
139:Related ethnic groups
79:5,000,000–12,000,000
10416:United Arab Emirates
9724:Transylvanian Saxons
8905:World Heritage Sites
8838:Environmental issues
8811:Brazilian Antarctica
7214:. Secult.es.gov.br.
7047:on 21 December 2012.
7019:on 21 December 2012.
6555:"Tudo Sobre Cerveja"
5210:on 24 September 2015
4494:. Summus Editorial.
4293:, Ethnologue (2016).
4268:Revista Contingentia
3937:Demography of Brazil
3213:Leffa, Lefa or Leva
2921:Brazilian Portuguese
2721:Postwar developments
2620:, and had the rural
2388:Gustav von Schmoller
2216:, Jeísa Chiminazzo,
1872:spoken in Brazil is
1308:, the leader of the
1277:Period of prosperity
1191:consequences of the
842:Santa Catarina state
616:Rhineland-Palatinate
293:as co-official with
10003:Central and Eastern
9907:Italy (South Tyrol)
9454:Syncretic Religions
9362:Freedom of religion
9044:Automotive industry
7369:on 21 December 2012
7272:on 20 November 2015
7075:on 21 December 2012
6935:on 23 January 2009.
6866:"XIII Albuquerques"
6326:on 18 December 2014
6299:on 18 December 2014
5356:. 27 January 2013.
5326:. 26 October 2012.
4947:FGV Editora. 2007.
4714:Editora Humanitas.
4210:on 5 September 2019
3530:São Lourenço do Sul
2560:Egon Albrecht-Lemke
2495:Portuguese language
2483:Barbarian Invasions
2476:(Nogueira 1947:18).
2360:Forced assimilation
2274:is provided by the
2186:Ana Claudia Michels
2026:Lutheran Church in
1971:places isolated by
1916:
1337:Japanese Brazilians
780:Waves of immigrants
414:The Monroe Doctrine
364:revolutions of 1848
187:of full or partial
173:Deitschbrasiliooner
95:Southeastern region
52:
10148:Pennsylvania Dutch
9414:Eastern Orthodoxy
9407:Ukrainian Catholic
9102:Telecommunications
8759:Empire (1822–1889)
8744:Indigenous peoples
7803:Indigenous peoples
7556:Jornal Repercussão
7422:on 6 February 2015
7392:. Academicoo.com.
7245:on 2 December 2013
6378:on 31 August 2010.
5013:on 2 December 2010
4800:"Lista de Tabelas"
4618:Carlos Fatorelli.
4332:. Mluther.org.br.
4070:"Auslandsdeutsche"
3732:
3688:Schleswig-Holstein
3587:Schleswig-Holstein
3173:Junckes or Junkes
3064:
3049:
2977:
2901:, from the German
2889:, from the German
2855:
2844:
2760:
2744:
2680:Deutschbrasilianer
2595:
2587:
2579:
2553:
2537:
2450:
2373:
2319:Germanic mythology
2284:
2161:Fashion and models
2032:
1914:
1896:indigenous nations
1852:
1840:
1648:German Brazilians
1432:
1420:
1341:Italian Brazilians
1314:
1171:Azorean Portuguese
910:
830:
582:native Amerindians
551:
351:
339:
327:
165:Deutschbrasilianer
50:Deutschbrasilianer
42:
10565:German minorities
10503:
10502:
10474:
10473:
10011:
10010:
9811:Russian Mennonite
9519:
9518:
9479:
9478:
9421:
9409:
9402:
9395:
9388:
9386:Armenian Catholic
9191:Income inequality
9133:
9132:
9016:
9015:
9003:Political parties
8998:National Congress
8961:Freedom of speech
8946:Foreign relations
8913:
8912:
8685:
8684:
8633:
8632:
8629:
8628:
8625:
8624:
8391:
8390:
8387:
8386:
8185:
8184:
7976:
7975:
7416:"Espigaonews.com"
7182:on 28 March 2012.
7137:itarana.es.gov.br
6985:on 16 August 2011
6925:"Brasil 500 anos"
6820:on 9 October 2011
6755:978-85-88134-10-2
6041:(in Portuguese).
5899:978-1-4556-1365-6
5860:978-0-7864-2512-9
5821:978-1-4008-7015-8
5653:978-3-938845-17-2
5625:on 23 March 2010.
5598:on 24 August 2011
5586:Pollianna Milan.
5354:The Local Germany
5272:lutheranworld.org
5075:. Images.zeno.org
5046:978-85-85692-05-6
4954:978-85-225-0590-6
4891:"Imigração Alemã"
4844:978-85-314-0671-3
4721:978-85-7732-013-4
4592:978-85-7388-222-3
4501:978-85-323-0252-6
4367:on 10 August 2014
4157:978-0-8131-2501-5
4076:on 10 March 2011.
3947:German Argentines
3859:Rio Grande do Sul
3847:São João do Oeste
3801:Rio Grande do Sul
3707:
3706:
3651:Swabian Germans;
3313:
3312:
3181:Justo or Justino
3029:Eric Leme Walther
2945:Rio Grande do Sul
2830:Food and beverage
2738:German School in
2717:moderate leader.
2354:German fairytales
2315:Wernher von Braun
2198:Raquel Zimmermann
2194:Letícia Birkheuer
2150:
2149:
1959:
1958:
1805:
1804:
1774:Rio Grande do Sul
1748:
1747:
1694:Rio Grande do Sul
1643:
1642:
1623:Rio Grande do Sul
1615:Santa Cruz do Sul
1563:Rio Grande do Sul
1548:Rio Grande do Sul
1486:Population (2010)
1374:German traditions
1274:
1273:
1212:Rio Grande do Sul
1166:
1165:
1091:Pioneering period
1088:
1087:
974:Greater São Paulo
906:Rio Grande do Sul
853:Rio Grande do Sul
840:in 1851, both in
777:
776:
639:Rio Grande do Sul
607:First communities
553:The first German
535:
534:
455:
265:Simon Schwartzman
226:Rio Grande do Sul
181:teuto-brasileiros
157:German Brazilians
154:
153:
129:Roman Catholicism
68:
46:Teuto-brasileiros
43:German Brazilians
16:(Redirected from
10577:
10532:
10531:
10530:
10520:
10519:
10518:
10511:
10491:
10442:Papua New Guinea
10280:Kapitaï and Koba
10246:Kapitaï and Koba
10195:
10073:Los Lagos Region
10055:British Columbia
9663:
9616:
9615:
9609:
9608:
9595:
9579:
9570:
9546:
9539:
9532:
9523:
9522:
9499:
9492:
9417:
9405:
9398:
9391:
9384:
9309:National symbols
9144:
9143:
9082:
9054:Economic history
9039:Animal husbandry
9027:
9026:
8924:
8923:
8799:
8798:
8712:
8705:
8698:
8689:
8688:
8427:
8426:
8402:
8401:
8222:
8221:
8196:
8195:
7991:
7990:
7905:
7904:
7786:
7785:
7772:
7771:
7770:
7760:
7753:
7746:
7737:
7736:
7699:
7698:
7696:
7694:
7685:. Archived from
7679:
7673:
7672:
7670:
7668:
7649:
7643:
7642:
7636:
7631:
7629:
7621:
7619:
7617:
7601:
7595:
7594:
7592:
7590:
7571:
7569:
7567:
7548:
7542:
7541:
7539:
7537:
7528:. Archived from
7518:
7512:
7511:
7500:
7494:
7490:
7484:
7483:
7481:
7479:
7460:
7454:
7453:
7452:on 2 April 2012.
7438:
7432:
7431:
7429:
7427:
7418:. Archived from
7412:
7406:
7405:
7403:
7401:
7385:
7379:
7378:
7376:
7374:
7365:. Archived from
7359:
7353:
7352:
7350:
7348:
7332:
7326:
7325:
7323:
7321:
7316:on 27 March 2019
7306:
7300:
7299:
7288:
7282:
7281:
7279:
7277:
7261:
7255:
7254:
7252:
7250:
7241:. Archived from
7234:
7228:
7227:
7225:
7223:
7208:
7202:
7201:
7200:on 2 April 2012.
7190:
7184:
7183:
7171:
7165:
7164:
7162:
7160:
7145:
7139:
7130:
7124:
7118:
7112:
7111:
7106:. Archived from
7100:
7085:
7084:
7082:
7080:
7074:
7067:
7058:
7049:
7048:
7036:
7021:
7020:
7018:
7011:
7001:
6995:
6994:
6992:
6990:
6975:
6969:
6968:
6966:
6964:
6959:on 7 August 2015
6958:
6951:
6943:
6937:
6936:
6921:
6915:
6914:
6912:
6910:
6905:on 27 March 2012
6894:
6888:
6887:
6885:
6883:
6877:
6870:
6862:
6856:
6855:
6853:
6851:
6836:
6830:
6829:
6827:
6825:
6819:
6812:
6804:
6798:
6797:
6795:
6793:
6778:
6772:
6771:
6769:
6767:
6739:
6733:
6732:
6730:
6728:
6712:
6706:
6705:
6703:
6701:
6685:
6679:
6678:
6676:
6674:
6659:
6653:
6652:
6650:
6648:
6633:
6627:
6626:
6624:
6622:
6607:
6601:
6600:
6598:
6596:
6587:. 9 April 2013.
6577:
6571:
6570:
6568:
6566:
6551:
6545:
6544:
6542:
6540:
6523:Agência Brasil.
6520:
6514:
6513:
6511:
6509:
6494:
6488:
6487:
6485:
6483:
6468:
6462:
6461:
6459:
6457:
6438:
6432:
6431:
6429:
6427:
6412:
6406:
6405:
6403:
6401:
6392:. Archived from
6386:
6380:
6379:
6368:
6362:
6361:
6359:
6357:
6342:
6336:
6335:
6333:
6331:
6322:. Archived from
6315:
6309:
6308:
6306:
6304:
6295:. Archived from
6285:
6279:
6278:
6276:
6274:
6259:"Nossa História"
6255:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6244:
6225:
6219:
6218:
6216:
6214:
6199:
6193:
6192:
6190:
6188:
6173:
6167:
6152:
6146:
6145:
6143:
6141:
6125:
6119:
6118:
6116:
6114:
6095:
6089:
6088:
6086:
6084:
6065:
6059:
6058:
6056:
6054:
6045:. Archived from
6030:
6024:
6023:
6021:
6019:
6004:
5998:
5997:
5995:
5993:
5987:
5980:
5972:
5966:
5965:
5963:
5961:
5955:
5948:
5939:
5928:
5925:Chéradame, André
5922:
5916:
5915:
5913:
5911:
5883:
5877:
5876:
5874:
5872:
5844:
5838:
5837:
5835:
5833:
5805:
5799:
5798:
5796:
5794:
5779:
5773:
5766:
5760:
5759:
5757:
5755:
5739:
5733:
5732:
5730:
5728:
5713:
5702:
5701:
5699:
5697:
5682:
5676:
5665:
5659:
5657:
5633:
5627:
5626:
5614:
5608:
5607:
5605:
5603:
5594:. Archived from
5583:
5577:
5572:
5563:
5562:
5560:
5558:
5549:. Archived from
5543:
5534:
5533:
5531:
5529:
5519:
5501:
5495:
5494:
5488:
5480:
5478:
5477:
5471:
5463:
5457:
5456:
5450:
5426:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5412:
5397:
5391:
5390:
5388:
5386:
5376:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5365:
5346:
5340:
5339:
5337:
5335:
5320:
5314:
5313:
5311:
5309:
5289:
5283:
5282:
5280:
5269:
5261:
5252:
5251:
5249:
5247:
5241:
5234:
5226:
5220:
5219:
5217:
5215:
5209:
5202:
5194:
5185:
5184:
5182:
5180:
5152:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5141:
5122:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5111:
5096:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5080:
5069:
5063:
5062:
5060:
5058:
5031:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5018:
5009:. Archived from
5003:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4992:
4977:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4966:
4939:
4933:
4932:
4930:
4928:
4913:
4907:
4906:
4904:
4902:
4887:
4881:
4878:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4856:
4828:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4817:
4812:on 26 March 2012
4811:
4805:. Archived from
4804:
4796:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4785:
4770:
4764:
4763:
4761:
4759:
4744:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4733:
4705:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4687:
4668:
4662:
4661:
4659:
4657:
4642:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4631:
4615:
4609:
4608:
4606:
4604:
4577:
4571:
4570:
4568:
4561:
4551:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4540:
4524:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4513:
4485:
4479:
4478:
4460:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4439:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4428:
4419:. Archived from
4413:
4407:
4406:
4404:
4402:
4383:
4377:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4357:
4346:
4345:
4343:
4341:
4326:
4320:
4319:
4317:
4315:
4300:
4294:
4281:
4275:
4264:
4258:
4252:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4241:
4226:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4206:. Archived from
4194:
4188:
4185:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4169:
4141:
4135:
4134:
4128:
4104:
4095:
4084:
4078:
4077:
4065:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4049:
4034:
4028:
4018:
3998:
3983:
3952:German Canadians
3942:German Americans
3916:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3902:
3897:
3896:
3895:
3822:(under approval)
3809:(under approval)
3751:Laranja da Terra
3741:Domingos Martins
3674:Santa Leopoldina
3337:
3336:
3277:Webber or Veber
3253:Paulos or Paulo
3088:
3087:
2923:is the word for
2879:Central European
2662:
2455:abrasileiramento
2346:Marlene Dietrich
2288:German Unity Day
2218:Shirley Mallmann
2190:Mariana Weickert
2140:
2138:
2137:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2050:
2049:
1917:
1913:
1878:Hunsrik Language
1808:End of expansion
1750:
1749:
1645:
1644:
1480:
1479:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1199:
1198:
1095:
1094:
1078:
1076:
1075:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1042:
1040:
1039:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1006:
1004:
1003:
979:
978:
648:
647:
597:Maria Leopoldina
454:
451:
446:
445:
345:German dance in
197:Southeast Region
112:Brazilian German
73:Total population
62:
60:
53:
41:
32:Brazilian German
21:
18:German-Brazilian
10585:
10584:
10580:
10579:
10578:
10576:
10575:
10574:
10540:
10539:
10538:
10528:
10526:
10516:
10514:
10506:
10504:
10499:
10470:
10420:
10342:
10200:
10067:Los Ríos Region
10007:
9991:
9955:
9880:Southern Europe
9875:
9849:North Schleswig
9832:Northern Europe
9827:
9690:
9631:Sudeten Germans
9598:
9555:
9550:
9520:
9515:
9502:
9495:
9488:
9475:
9348:
9334:Science fiction
9324:Public holidays
9240:
9201:Life expectancy
9129:
9111:
9080:
9012:
8988:Law enforcement
8909:
8895:Water resources
8875:Protected areas
8788:
8725:
8716:
8686:
8681:
8621:
8574:
8523:
8492:
8466:
8422:
8416:
8383:
8325:
8309:
8278:
8217:
8211:
8181:
8113:
8076:Central America
8070:
8037:
7982:
7972:
7956:
7955:Central Africa
7950:
7939:
7933:
7894:
7780:
7768:
7766:
7764:
7708:
7703:
7702:
7692:
7690:
7689:on 2 April 2012
7681:
7680:
7676:
7666:
7664:
7651:
7650:
7646:
7634:
7632:
7623:
7622:
7615:
7613:
7602:
7598:
7588:
7586:
7573:
7565:
7563:
7550:
7549:
7545:
7535:
7533:
7532:on 26 June 2020
7520:
7519:
7515:
7510:on 13 May 2008.
7502:
7501:
7497:
7491:
7487:
7477:
7475:
7462:
7461:
7457:
7440:
7439:
7435:
7425:
7423:
7414:
7413:
7409:
7399:
7397:
7386:
7382:
7372:
7370:
7361:
7360:
7356:
7346:
7344:
7333:
7329:
7319:
7317:
7308:
7307:
7303:
7298:on 30 May 2012.
7290:
7289:
7285:
7275:
7273:
7262:
7258:
7248:
7246:
7235:
7231:
7221:
7219:
7210:
7209:
7205:
7192:
7191:
7187:
7172:
7168:
7158:
7156:
7147:
7146:
7142:
7131:
7127:
7119:
7115:
7110:on 30 May 2016.
7102:
7101:
7088:
7078:
7076:
7072:
7065:
7059:
7052:
7037:
7024:
7016:
7009:
7002:
6998:
6988:
6986:
6977:
6976:
6972:
6962:
6960:
6956:
6949:
6945:
6944:
6940:
6923:
6922:
6918:
6908:
6906:
6895:
6891:
6881:
6879:
6878:on 3 March 2016
6875:
6868:
6864:
6863:
6859:
6849:
6847:
6838:
6837:
6833:
6823:
6821:
6817:
6810:
6806:
6805:
6801:
6791:
6789:
6780:
6779:
6775:
6765:
6763:
6756:
6740:
6736:
6726:
6724:
6713:
6709:
6699:
6697:
6686:
6682:
6672:
6670:
6661:
6660:
6656:
6646:
6644:
6635:
6634:
6630:
6620:
6618:
6609:
6608:
6604:
6594:
6592:
6579:
6578:
6574:
6564:
6562:
6553:
6552:
6548:
6538:
6536:
6521:
6517:
6507:
6505:
6496:
6495:
6491:
6481:
6479:
6470:
6469:
6465:
6455:
6453:
6440:
6439:
6435:
6425:
6423:
6422:on 2 April 2013
6414:
6413:
6409:
6399:
6397:
6396:on 21 July 2015
6388:
6387:
6383:
6370:
6369:
6365:
6355:
6353:
6344:
6343:
6339:
6329:
6327:
6318:Administrator.
6316:
6312:
6302:
6300:
6287:
6286:
6282:
6272:
6270:
6257:
6256:
6252:
6242:
6240:
6227:
6226:
6222:
6212:
6210:
6201:
6200:
6196:
6186:
6184:
6175:
6174:
6170:
6153:
6149:
6139:
6137:
6126:
6122:
6112:
6110:
6105:. 26 May 2014.
6097:
6096:
6092:
6082:
6080:
6067:
6066:
6062:
6052:
6050:
6049:on 4 March 2016
6031:
6027:
6017:
6015:
6006:
6005:
6001:
5991:
5989:
5985:
5978:
5974:
5973:
5969:
5959:
5957:
5953:
5946:
5940:
5931:
5923:
5919:
5909:
5907:
5900:
5884:
5880:
5870:
5868:
5861:
5845:
5841:
5831:
5829:
5822:
5806:
5802:
5792:
5790:
5781:
5780:
5776:
5767:
5763:
5753:
5751:
5740:
5736:
5726:
5724:
5715:
5714:
5705:
5695:
5693:
5692:on 9 March 2012
5684:
5683:
5679:
5666:
5662:
5654:
5634:
5630:
5615:
5611:
5601:
5599:
5584:
5580:
5573:
5566:
5556:
5554:
5547:"DECRETO-LEI N"
5545:
5544:
5537:
5527:
5525:
5502:
5498:
5482:
5481:
5475:
5473:
5469:
5465:
5464:
5460:
5427:
5420:
5410:
5408:
5399:
5398:
5394:
5384:
5382:
5378:
5377:
5373:
5363:
5361:
5348:
5347:
5343:
5333:
5331:
5322:
5321:
5317:
5307:
5305:
5290:
5286:
5281:on 4 June 2011.
5278:
5267:
5263:
5262:
5255:
5245:
5243:
5239:
5232:
5228:
5227:
5223:
5213:
5211:
5207:
5200:
5196:
5195:
5188:
5178:
5176:
5153:
5149:
5139:
5137:
5124:
5123:
5119:
5109:
5107:
5098:
5097:
5088:
5078:
5076:
5071:
5070:
5066:
5056:
5054:
5047:
5033:
5032:
5025:
5016:
5014:
5005:
5004:
5000:
4990:
4988:
4979:
4978:
4974:
4964:
4962:
4955:
4941:
4940:
4936:
4926:
4924:
4923:on 28 July 2011
4915:
4914:
4910:
4900:
4898:
4889:
4888:
4884:
4879:
4864:
4854:
4852:
4845:
4829:
4825:
4815:
4813:
4809:
4802:
4798:
4797:
4793:
4783:
4781:
4772:
4771:
4767:
4757:
4755:
4754:on 2 April 2013
4746:
4745:
4741:
4731:
4729:
4722:
4706:
4695:
4685:
4683:
4670:
4669:
4665:
4655:
4653:
4644:
4643:
4639:
4629:
4627:
4616:
4612:
4602:
4600:
4593:
4585:7Letras. 2000.
4579:
4578:
4574:
4566:
4559:
4552:
4548:
4538:
4536:
4525:
4521:
4511:
4509:
4502:
4486:
4482:
4475:
4461:
4457:
4447:
4445:
4441:
4440:
4436:
4426:
4424:
4423:on 2 March 2009
4415:
4414:
4410:
4400:
4398:
4385:
4384:
4380:
4370:
4368:
4359:
4358:
4349:
4339:
4337:
4328:
4327:
4323:
4313:
4311:
4302:
4301:
4297:
4291:Wayback Machine
4282:
4278:
4265:
4261:
4253:
4249:
4239:
4237:
4236:on 29 July 2018
4228:
4227:
4223:
4213:
4211:
4196:
4195:
4191:
4186:
4177:
4167:
4165:
4158:
4142:
4138:
4105:
4098:
4085:
4081:
4066:
4057:
4047:
4045:
4036:
4035:
4031:
4019:
4012:
4007:
4002:
4001:
3984:
3980:
3975:
3912:
3907:
3905:
3898:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3875:Salvador do Sul
3861:
3838:
3833:
3820:Espigão d'Oeste
3816:
3803:
3791:
3774:
3737:
3717:
3712:
3589:, Braunschweig
3500:Nova Petrópolis
3335:
3318:
3316:The Lins family
3115:Dimer or Timer
3037:
2969:
2895:Fruit preserves
2832:
2823:
2768:Deutsche Schule
2732:
2723:
2676:Reichsdeutschen
2663:
2661:Otto Tannenberg
2660:
2525:
2446:Southern Brazil
2362:
2276:Goethe-Institut
2272:German language
2265:
2263:Year of Germany
2257:Marthina Brandt
2253:Gabriela Markus
2249:Rafaela Zanella
2245:Carina Beduschi
2235:Winners of the
2206:Solange Wilvert
2178:Gisele Bündchen
2163:
2155:
2135:
2133:
2117:
2115:
2099:
2097:
2081:
2079:
2063:
2061:
2036:Roman Catholics
2020:
1964:
1920:German speakers
1861:German language
1859:The use of the
1857:
1832:
1810:
1418:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1400:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1382:
1299:
1279:
1093:
1073:
1071:
1055:
1053:
1037:
1035:
1019:
1017:
1001:
999:
922:Southern Brazil
895:
876:
788:Many cities in
782:
612:Major Schaeffer
609:
574:Southern Brazil
547:Nova Petrópolis
540:
452:
450:
440:
359:Europeanisation
315:
299:Southern Brazil
291:East Pomeranian
131:
91:Southern region
61:
48:
44:
40:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10583:
10573:
10572:
10567:
10562:
10557:
10552:
10537:
10536:
10524:
10501:
10500:
10498:
10497:
10492:
10482:
10480:
10476:
10475:
10472:
10471:
10469:
10468:
10467:
10466:
10459:German Samoans
10456:
10455:
10454:
10449:
10439:
10434:
10428:
10426:
10422:
10421:
10419:
10418:
10413:
10408:
10403:
10398:
10393:
10388:
10383:
10378:
10373:
10372:
10371:
10366:
10361:
10350:
10348:
10344:
10343:
10341:
10340:
10339:
10338:
10333:
10328:
10318:
10317:
10316:
10311:
10306:
10296:
10295:
10294:
10284:
10283:
10282:
10272:
10271:
10270:
10260:
10255:
10250:
10249:
10248:
10238:
10233:
10232:
10231:
10226:
10216:
10210:
10208:
10202:
10201:
10199:
10198:
10197:
10196:
10182:
10177:
10176:
10175:
10170:
10165:
10160:
10155:
10150:
10140:
10135:
10134:
10133:
10123:
10118:
10113:
10108:
10103:
10098:
10093:
10088:
10083:
10078:
10077:
10076:
10070:
10059:
10058:
10057:
10052:
10042:
10037:
10032:
10027:
10021:
10019:
10013:
10012:
10009:
10008:
10006:
10005:
9999:
9997:
9993:
9992:
9990:
9989:
9987:United Kingdom
9984:
9979:
9969:
9963:
9961:
9960:Western Europe
9957:
9956:
9954:
9953:
9952:
9951:
9941:
9940:
9939:
9929:
9924:
9919:
9909:
9904:
9899:
9894:
9889:
9883:
9881:
9877:
9876:
9874:
9873:
9868:
9863:
9858:
9857:
9856:
9854:Potato Germans
9851:
9841:
9835:
9833:
9829:
9828:
9826:
9825:
9824:
9823:
9818:
9813:
9808:
9803:
9793:
9792:
9791:
9789:North Caucasus
9786:
9776:
9775:
9774:
9769:
9764:
9759:
9754:
9749:
9731:
9726:
9716:
9715:
9714:
9704:
9698:
9696:
9695:Eastern Europe
9692:
9691:
9689:
9688:
9683:
9682:
9681:
9671:
9670:
9669:
9664:
9655:
9650:
9640:
9635:
9634:
9633:
9626:Czech Republic
9622:
9620:
9619:Central Europe
9613:
9606:
9600:
9599:
9597:
9596:
9587:
9586:
9585:
9576:Reichsdeutsche
9571:
9568:Bundesdeutsche
9563:
9561:
9557:
9556:
9549:
9548:
9541:
9534:
9526:
9517:
9516:
9514:
9513:
9508:
9501:
9500:
9493:
9485:
9484:
9481:
9480:
9477:
9476:
9474:
9473:
9472:
9471:
9466:
9461:
9451:
9446:
9441:
9436:
9435:
9434:
9429:
9424:
9423:
9422:
9412:
9411:
9410:
9403:
9396:
9389:
9374:
9369:
9364:
9358:
9356:
9350:
9349:
9347:
9346:
9341:
9336:
9331:
9326:
9321:
9316:
9311:
9306:
9301:
9296:
9291:
9286:
9281:
9276:
9271:
9266:
9261:
9256:
9250:
9248:
9242:
9241:
9239:
9238:
9233:
9228:
9223:
9218:
9213:
9208:
9203:
9198:
9193:
9188:
9183:
9178:
9173:
9168:
9163:
9158:
9153:
9147:
9141:
9135:
9134:
9131:
9130:
9128:
9127:
9125:Rail transport
9121:
9119:
9113:
9112:
9110:
9109:
9104:
9099:
9094:
9089:
9084:
9076:
9071:
9066:
9061:
9056:
9051:
9046:
9041:
9036:
9030:
9024:
9018:
9017:
9014:
9013:
9011:
9010:
9005:
9000:
8995:
8990:
8985:
8980:
8975:
8974:
8973:
8971:Women's rights
8968:
8963:
8953:
8948:
8943:
8938:
8933:
8927:
8921:
8915:
8914:
8911:
8910:
8908:
8907:
8902:
8897:
8892:
8887:
8882:
8877:
8872:
8867:
8862:
8860:Largest cities
8857:
8852:
8847:
8845:Extreme points
8842:
8841:
8840:
8830:
8825:
8824:
8823:
8821:Climate change
8813:
8808:
8802:
8796:
8790:
8789:
8787:
8786:
8781:
8776:
8771:
8766:
8761:
8756:
8751:
8746:
8741:
8735:
8733:
8727:
8726:
8715:
8714:
8707:
8700:
8692:
8683:
8682:
8680:
8679:
8674:
8669:
8668:
8667:
8657:
8652:
8647:
8641:
8639:
8638:Related topics
8635:
8634:
8631:
8630:
8627:
8626:
8623:
8622:
8620:
8619:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8588:
8582:
8580:
8576:
8575:
8573:
8572:
8567:
8562:
8557:
8552:
8547:
8542:
8537:
8531:
8529:
8525:
8524:
8522:
8521:
8516:
8511:
8506:
8500:
8498:
8494:
8493:
8491:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8474:
8472:
8468:
8467:
8465:
8464:
8459:
8454:
8449:
8444:
8439:
8433:
8431:
8424:
8418:
8417:
8415:
8414:
8408:
8406:
8399:
8393:
8392:
8389:
8388:
8385:
8384:
8382:
8381:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8365:
8364:
8359:
8354:
8349:
8339:
8333:
8331:
8327:
8326:
8324:
8323:
8317:
8315:
8311:
8310:
8308:
8307:
8302:
8297:
8292:
8286:
8284:
8280:
8279:
8277:
8276:
8271:
8266:
8261:
8256:
8255:
8254:
8244:
8239:
8234:
8228:
8226:
8219:
8213:
8212:
8210:
8209:
8202:
8200:
8193:
8187:
8186:
8183:
8182:
8180:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8164:
8159:
8154:
8149:
8144:
8139:
8134:
8129:
8123:
8121:
8115:
8114:
8112:
8111:
8106:
8101:
8096:
8091:
8086:
8080:
8078:
8072:
8071:
8069:
8068:
8063:
8058:
8053:
8047:
8045:
8039:
8038:
8036:
8031:
8026:
8025:
8024:
8019:
8014:
8007:
7997:
7995:
7988:
7984:
7983:
7981:
7980:
7977:
7974:
7973:
7971:
7970:
7965:
7959:
7957:
7952:
7951:
7949:
7948:
7942:
7940:
7935:
7934:
7932:
7931:
7930:
7929:
7917:
7911:
7909:
7902:
7896:
7895:
7893:
7892:
7891:
7890:
7883:
7882:
7881:
7874:
7873:
7872:
7858:
7851:
7850:
7849:
7847:Amazonian Jews
7844:
7823:
7805:
7800:
7792:
7790:
7782:
7781:
7763:
7762:
7755:
7748:
7740:
7734:
7733:
7727:
7721:
7715:
7707:
7706:External links
7704:
7701:
7700:
7674:
7644:
7635:|journal=
7596:
7585:on 9 July 2020
7543:
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6799:
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6707:
6680:
6654:
6628:
6602:
6572:
6546:
6529:Gazeta do Povo
6515:
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6463:
6433:
6407:
6381:
6363:
6337:
6310:
6280:
6250:
6220:
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6103:Deutschland.de
6090:
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5898:
5878:
5859:
5839:
5820:
5800:
5774:
5761:
5734:
5723:on 4 June 2011
5703:
5686:"VEJA on-line"
5677:
5660:
5652:
5639:Bundesarchives
5628:
5609:
5592:Gazeta do Povo
5578:
5564:
5553:on 6 July 2011
5535:
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5371:
5341:
5315:
5298:New York Times
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4330:"imigracao II"
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3865:Estância Velha
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3735:Espírito Santo
3733:
3728:municipalities
3724:Espírito Santo
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3109:
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3100:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3076:Santa Catarina
3067:living there.
3036:
3033:
3015:Alisson Becker
2968:
2965:
2953:Rio de Janeiro
2831:
2828:
2822:
2819:
2810:
2809:
2802:
2795:
2788:
2787:
2781:
2740:Rio de Janeiro
2731:
2728:
2722:
2719:
2658:
2531:Nazi group in
2524:
2521:
2516:German culture
2508:Getúlio Vargas
2459:Vale do Itajaí
2422:Getúlio Vargas
2418:Espírito Santo
2405:region of the
2385:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2361:
2358:
2350:The Blue Angel
2338:Bertolt Brecht
2334:Goethe's Faust
2264:
2261:
2214:Carol Trentini
2162:
2159:
2154:
2151:
2148:
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2144:
2130:
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2126:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2094:
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2090:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2058:
2057:
2054:
2044:Pentecostalism
2019:
2016:
2012:German descent
1992:Getúlio Vargas
1988:German culture
1963:
1962:Discrimination
1960:
1957:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1933:
1930:
1929:Brazilian born
1927:
1924:
1921:
1891:monolingualism
1856:
1853:
1831:
1828:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1798:Rest of Brazil
1795:
1794:
1791:
1787:
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1766:Santa Catarina
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1608:Santa Catarina
1605:
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1600:Jaraguá do Sul
1596:
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1578:Rio de Janeiro
1575:
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1503:Santa Catarina
1500:
1497:
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1475:Espírito Santo
1471:Santa Catarina
1428:Jaraguá do Sul
1413:
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1080:United Kingdom
1068:
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1013:
1010:
996:
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952:Rio de Janeiro
894:
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869:Rio de Janeiro
857:Santa Catarina
818:Berghanschneis
781:
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643:Ragamuffin War
608:
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436:
347:Rio de Janeiro
314:
311:
303:Espírito Santo
269:Deutsche Welle
254:Espírito Santo
242:Rio de Janeiro
230:Santa Catarina
152:
151:
141:
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136:
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125:
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106:Predominantly
103:
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38:
26:
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10309:Dar es Salaam
10307:
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10209:
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10203:
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10192:Colonia Tovar
10188:
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10143:United States
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10124:
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10000:
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9878:
9872:
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9864:
9862:
9859:
9855:
9852:
9850:
9847:
9846:
9845:
9842:
9840:
9839:Baltic states
9837:
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9809:
9807:
9804:
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9709:
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9684:
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9677:
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9672:
9668:
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9662:
9661:
9656:
9654:
9651:
9649:
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9644:
9641:
9639:
9636:
9632:
9629:
9628:
9627:
9624:
9623:
9621:
9617:
9614:
9610:
9607:
9605:
9601:
9594:
9593:
9592:Volksdeutsche
9588:
9584:
9581:
9580:
9578:
9577:
9572:
9569:
9565:
9564:
9562:
9558:
9554:
9553:German people
9547:
9542:
9540:
9535:
9533:
9528:
9527:
9524:
9512:
9509:
9507:
9504:
9503:
9498:
9494:
9491:
9487:
9486:
9482:
9470:
9467:
9465:
9462:
9460:
9457:
9456:
9455:
9452:
9450:
9447:
9445:
9442:
9440:
9437:
9433:
9432:Protestantism
9430:
9428:
9425:
9420:
9416:
9415:
9413:
9408:
9404:
9401:
9397:
9394:
9390:
9387:
9383:
9382:
9381:
9378:
9377:
9376:Christianity
9375:
9373:
9370:
9368:
9365:
9363:
9360:
9359:
9357:
9355:
9351:
9345:
9342:
9340:
9337:
9335:
9332:
9330:
9327:
9325:
9322:
9320:
9317:
9315:
9312:
9310:
9307:
9305:
9302:
9300:
9297:
9295:
9292:
9290:
9287:
9285:
9282:
9280:
9277:
9275:
9272:
9270:
9267:
9265:
9262:
9260:
9257:
9255:
9252:
9251:
9249:
9247:
9243:
9237:
9234:
9232:
9229:
9227:
9224:
9222:
9219:
9217:
9216:States by HDI
9214:
9212:
9211:Social issues
9209:
9207:
9204:
9202:
9199:
9197:
9194:
9192:
9189:
9187:
9184:
9182:
9179:
9177:
9174:
9172:
9169:
9167:
9164:
9162:
9159:
9157:
9154:
9152:
9149:
9148:
9145:
9142:
9140:
9136:
9126:
9123:
9122:
9120:
9118:
9114:
9108:
9105:
9103:
9100:
9098:
9095:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9077:
9075:
9072:
9070:
9067:
9065:
9062:
9060:
9057:
9055:
9052:
9050:
9047:
9045:
9042:
9040:
9037:
9035:
9032:
9031:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9019:
9009:
9006:
9004:
9001:
8999:
8996:
8994:
8991:
8989:
8986:
8984:
8981:
8979:
8976:
8972:
8969:
8967:
8964:
8962:
8959:
8958:
8957:
8954:
8952:
8949:
8947:
8944:
8942:
8939:
8937:
8934:
8932:
8929:
8928:
8925:
8922:
8920:
8916:
8906:
8903:
8901:
8898:
8896:
8893:
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8888:
8886:
8883:
8881:
8878:
8876:
8873:
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8868:
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8836:
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8834:
8831:
8829:
8826:
8822:
8819:
8818:
8817:
8814:
8812:
8809:
8807:
8804:
8803:
8800:
8797:
8795:
8791:
8785:
8782:
8780:
8777:
8775:
8772:
8770:
8767:
8765:
8762:
8760:
8757:
8755:
8752:
8750:
8747:
8745:
8742:
8740:
8737:
8736:
8734:
8732:
8728:
8724:
8720:
8713:
8708:
8706:
8701:
8699:
8694:
8693:
8690:
8678:
8675:
8673:
8670:
8666:
8663:
8662:
8661:
8658:
8656:
8653:
8651:
8648:
8646:
8643:
8642:
8640:
8636:
8618:
8617:Luxembourgian
8615:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8597:
8593:
8589:
8587:
8584:
8583:
8581:
8577:
8571:
8568:
8566:
8563:
8561:
8558:
8556:
8553:
8551:
8548:
8546:
8543:
8541:
8538:
8536:
8533:
8532:
8530:
8526:
8520:
8517:
8515:
8512:
8510:
8507:
8505:
8502:
8501:
8499:
8495:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8481:
8479:
8476:
8475:
8473:
8469:
8463:
8460:
8458:
8455:
8453:
8450:
8448:
8445:
8443:
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8119:South America
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7994:North America
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6233:ndmais.com.br
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6073:Young Germany
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5853:. McFarland.
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5708:
5691:
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5441:(1): 95–131.
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3637:
3636:Volga Germans
3634:
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3610:
3607:
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3352:Nova Friburgo
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2915:(from German
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2900:
2897:are known as
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2562:was a German
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2435:jus sanguinis
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2226:Bruna Erhardt
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2202:Cintia Dicker
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2070:United States
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2013:
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1865:
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1819:underemployed
1816:
1801:Less than 1%
1800:
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1570:Nova Friburgo
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1448:Novo Hamburgo
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1424:
1386:
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1348:urban centers
1346:Migrating to
1344:
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1333:
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1326:
1321:
1319:
1318:Darcy Ribeiro
1316:According to
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991:Ethnic origin
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985:
980:
977:
975:
971:
966:
964:
960:
955:
953:
949:
944:
942:
938:
933:
930:
925:
923:
919:
915:
907:
903:
899:
890:
888:
884:
878:
872:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
849:
847:
843:
839:
835:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
798:Novo Hamburgo
795:
791:
786:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
719:
716:
715:
711:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
663:
660:
658:
655:
654:
649:
646:
644:
640:
636:
632:
631:Novo Hamburgo
626:
624:
619:
617:
613:
604:
602:
598:
594:
590:
585:
583:
579:
575:
570:
568:
564:
560:
556:
548:
544:
530:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
496:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
458:
447:
444:
435:
433:
429:
424:
420:
417:
415:
410:
407:
403:
398:
396:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
371:
367:
365:
360:
356:
348:
343:
336:
331:
324:
319:
310:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
289:and Germanic
288:
284:
279:
277:
272:
270:
266:
262:
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
222:
219:
217:
213:
209:
205:
200:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
150:
146:
142:
137:
134:
133:Protestantism
130:
126:
121:
117:
113:
109:
104:
99:
96:
92:
88:
83:
80:
76:
71:
66:
59:
54:
51:
47:
37:
33:
19:
10287:South Africa
10039:
9660:Walddeutsche
9221:Unemployment
9171:Demographics
9049:Central Bank
8956:Human rights
8936:Constitution
8806:Amazon basin
8650:Colonization
8519:Scandinavian
8446:
8405:By ethnicity
8295:East Indians
8252:in São Paulo
8208:(East Asian)
8199:By ethnicity
8011:Confederados
8009:
7938:West Africa
7919:
7908:By ethnicity
7885:
7877:
7868:
7861:
7854:
7839:
7832:
7826:
7819:
7811:
7795:
7691:. Retrieved
7687:the original
7677:
7665:. Retrieved
7656:
7647:
7626:cite journal
7614:. Retrieved
7599:
7587:. Retrieved
7583:the original
7578:
7564:. Retrieved
7555:
7546:
7534:. Retrieved
7530:the original
7525:
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7508:the original
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7467:
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7420:the original
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7330:
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7314:the original
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7270:the original
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7232:
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7188:
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7143:
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7070:the original
7045:the original
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6999:
6989:19 September
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6983:the original
6973:
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6954:the original
6941:
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6928:
6919:
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6892:
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6873:the original
6860:
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6834:
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6815:the original
6802:
6792:19 September
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6776:
6766:19 September
6764:. Retrieved
6744:
6737:
6727:19 September
6725:. Retrieved
6710:
6700:19 September
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6683:
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6657:
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6631:
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6605:
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6584:
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6565:19 September
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6549:
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6072:
6063:
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6047:the original
6042:
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6002:
5992:19 September
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5970:
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5924:
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5888:
5881:
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5849:
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5777:
5769:
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5737:
5727:19 September
5725:. Retrieved
5721:the original
5696:19 September
5694:. Retrieved
5690:the original
5680:
5674:Google Books
5667:
5663:
5642:
5637:
5631:
5623:the original
5612:
5600:. Retrieved
5596:the original
5591:
5581:
5555:. Retrieved
5551:the original
5528:19 September
5526:. Retrieved
5506:
5499:
5474:. Retrieved
5461:
5452:
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5434:
5409:. Retrieved
5395:
5383:. Retrieved
5374:
5362:. Retrieved
5353:
5344:
5332:. Retrieved
5318:
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5297:
5287:
5276:the original
5271:
5244:. Retrieved
5224:
5212:. Retrieved
5205:the original
5177:. Retrieved
5160:
5150:
5138:. Retrieved
5129:
5120:
5108:. Retrieved
5077:. Retrieved
5067:
5057:19 September
5055:. Retrieved
5035:
5015:. Retrieved
5011:the original
5001:
4991:19 September
4989:. Retrieved
4975:
4965:19 September
4963:. Retrieved
4943:
4937:
4927:19 September
4925:. Retrieved
4921:the original
4911:
4899:. Retrieved
4885:
4855:19 September
4853:. Retrieved
4833:
4826:
4816:19 September
4814:. Retrieved
4807:the original
4794:
4784:19 September
4782:. Retrieved
4768:
4758:19 September
4756:. Retrieved
4752:the original
4742:
4732:19 September
4730:. Retrieved
4710:
4684:. Retrieved
4675:
4666:
4654:. Retrieved
4640:
4628:. Retrieved
4613:
4603:19 September
4601:. Retrieved
4581:
4575:
4564:the original
4549:
4539:19 September
4537:. Retrieved
4522:
4512:19 September
4510:. Retrieved
4490:
4483:
4464:
4458:
4446:. Retrieved
4437:
4425:. Retrieved
4421:the original
4411:
4399:. Retrieved
4391:www.dvhh.org
4390:
4381:
4371:19 September
4369:. Retrieved
4365:the original
4338:. Retrieved
4324:
4312:. Retrieved
4298:
4279:
4271:
4267:
4262:
4250:
4238:. Retrieved
4234:the original
4224:
4212:. Retrieved
4208:the original
4201:
4192:
4166:. Retrieved
4146:
4139:
4129:– via
4116:
4112:
4093:Google Books
4091:, p. 24, at
4086:
4082:
4074:the original
4046:. Retrieved
4032:
3981:
3852:Treze Tílias
3828:
3782:Vila Nietzel
3772:Minas Gerais
3660:Santa Isabel
3562:Braunschweig
3486:Santo Ângelo
3459:, Rhineland
3384:São Leopoldo
3319:
3285:Vaingärtner
3162:Herzenritter
3084:
3069:
3065:
3027:
3013:
3009:São Paulo FC
3001:
2996:
2985:Porto Alegre
2978:
2925:draught beer
2916:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2898:
2890:
2886:
2872:
2863:
2856:
2840:Porto Alegre
2824:
2811:
2799:Sao Leopoldo
2789:
2772:
2767:
2761:
2724:
2709:
2707:
2695:imprisonment
2692:
2688:
2684:
2679:
2675:
2672:
2665:
2654:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2635:
2632:
2628:
2621:
2607:
2603:
2596:
2545:Roman salute
2512:Nacionalismo
2511:
2504:
2500:
2487:Roman Empire
2479:
2474:
2454:
2451:
2425:
2411:
2392:
2386:
2378:
2327:
2308:
2304:Tagesspiegel
2300:
2285:
2255:(2012), and
2241:Vera Fischer
2234:
2182:Ana Hickmann
2171:
2164:
2156:
2033:
2008:Hunsrückisch
2000:
1981:
1965:
1909:
1901:multilingual
1887:
1880:
1874:Hunsrückisch
1866:
1858:
1823:
1814:
1811:
1555:São Leopoldo
1464:
1444:São Leopoldo
1441:
1437:
1433:
1367:
1356:
1345:
1334:
1328:
1322:
1315:
1280:
1241:
1221:Minas Gerais
1207:
1185:
1181:
1174:
1167:
986:(1869–1889)
967:
963:Porto Alegre
956:
945:
934:
926:
911:
886:
882:
880:
874:
865:Minas Gerais
850:
836:in 1850 and
831:
825:
817:
809:
794:São Leopoldo
790:Porto Alegre
717:
656:
634:
627:
622:
620:
610:
586:
571:
552:
441:
432:São Leopoldo
425:
421:
418:
413:
411:
399:
391:
372:
368:
352:
280:
273:
258:
246:Minas Gerais
223:
220:
201:
193:South Region
183:) refers to
172:
164:
156:
155:
78:
49:
45:
39:Ethnic group
36:
10488:Ostsiedlung
10437:New Zealand
10411:Philippines
10253:Ivory Coast
10138:Puerto Rico
10091:El Salvador
9982:Netherlands
9936:Gottscheers
9736:(including
9686:Switzerland
9380:Catholicism
9294:Malandragem
9259:Archaeology
9186:Immigration
9092:Stock index
9034:Agriculture
8833:Environment
8665:from Europe
8660:Immigration
8655:Slave trade
8421:By country
8357:Palestinian
8290:Bangladeshi
8216:By country
8084:Costa Rican
7921:quilombolas
7693:19 November
7426:19 November
6426:19 November
6213:21 February
6203:"Histórico"
6187:21 February
6130:"Histórico"
5910:31 December
5892:. Pelican.
5871:31 December
5832:31 December
5793:31 December
5557:19 November
5308:12 December
3997:minorities.
3987:Lutheranism
3617:Pomerania,
3552:Pomerania,
3473:Rhineland,
3408:Santo Amaro
3401:Saxe-Coburg
3397:Württemberg
3365:Switzerland
3340:Place (UF)
3329:(Germany).
3282:Weingärtner
3056:Thomas Mann
2997:White-Thigh
2710:interventor
2668:Karl Ritter
2612:party, the
2463:Estado Novo
2237:Miss Brazil
2230:Aline Weber
2222:Camila Finn
2165:Within the
2056:Lutherans
1935:Foreigners
1761:Percentage
1236:Pernambuco
937:urban areas
918:rural areas
810:Baumschneis
806:Dois Irmãos
709:Schwarzburg
703:Württemberg
694:Mecklenburg
661:Switzerland
635:New Hamburg
438:Immigration
406:birth rates
263:researcher
10544:Categories
10401:Kyrgyzstan
10391:Kazakhstan
10292:Afrikaners
10086:Costa Rica
10050:Hutterites
9912:Yugoslavia
9892:Azerbaijan
9801:Bessarabia
9560:Historical
9419:Antiochian
9344:Television
9314:Newspapers
9289:Literature
9161:Corruption
9156:Censorship
9081:(currency)
8951:Government
8672:Emigration
8560:Portuguese
8555:Macedonian
8514:Lithuanian
8478:Belarusian
8274:Vietnamese
8242:Indonesian
8177:Venezuelan
8167:Surinamese
8157:Paraguayan
8147:Ecuadorian
8109:Salvadoran
8104:Panamanian
8099:Nicaraguan
8089:Guatemalan
7808:Mixed-race
7797:Brazilians
5476:2009-03-04
5130:Ethnologue
5017:2010-12-11
4401:22 January
4214:21 January
4168:21 January
4025:Al Jazeera
4005:References
3995:Anabaptist
3870:Nova Hartz
3766:Vila Pavão
3703:Pomerania
3643:Guarapuava
3603:Pomerania
3523:Westphalia
3465:Santa Cruz
3433:Kastellaun
3424:Petrópolis
3395:, Saxony,
3306:Zimmermann
3298:Von Mühlen
2941:Petrópolis
2869:Sauerkraut
2636:Deutschtum
2551:(c. 1935).
2533:Rio do Sul
2491:xenophobia
2426:Deutschtum
2399:vegetation
2342:Fritz Lang
2074:7,504,244
1984:Brazilians
1968:Portuguese
1525:Petrópolis
1370:Brazilians
1119:Portuguese
1103:Immigrants
859:, Paraná,
826:Leoner-Hof
802:Nova Hartz
718:Immigrants
697:Luxembourg
589:Portuguese
555:immigrants
428:foreigners
395:phenomenon
379:Portuguese
355:emigration
295:Portuguese
250:Pernambuco
214:, and the
204:Portuguese
185:Brazilians
177:Portuguese
149:Brazilians
108:Portuguese
10432:Australia
10185:Venezuela
10168:Palatines
10116:Nicaragua
10096:Guatemala
10025:Argentina
9806:Black Sea
9752:Satu Mare
9712:Black Sea
9583:Palatines
9464:Quimbanda
9459:Candomblé
9329:Sculpture
9304:Mythology
9254:Animation
9196:Languages
9176:Education
9117:Transport
8978:Judiciary
8941:Elections
8890:Time Zone
8865:Mountains
8828:Coastline
8794:Geography
8590:British (
8535:Bulgarian
8488:Ukrainian
8452:Hungarian
8423:or region
8300:Pakistani
8264:Malaysian
8218:or region
8172:Uruguayan
8142:Colombian
8127:Argentine
8051:Barbadian
8043:Caribbean
8017:New Texas
8005:Americana
7968:Congolese
7841:mamelucos
7400:12 August
7320:12 August
7276:12 August
7222:12 August
7159:12 August
7079:12 August
6963:12 August
6882:12 August
6850:12 August
6824:12 August
6320:"Patrono"
6164:Bundestag
6018:12 August
5960:12 August
5385:12 August
5246:12 August
5214:12 August
5126:"Hunsrik"
5079:12 August
4983:. DW.de.
4901:12 August
4837:. EdUSP.
4776:. DW.de.
4531:. DW.de.
4448:12 August
4340:12 August
4119:: 49–90.
3609:Joinville
3583:Oldenburg
3564:, Saxony
3475:Pomerania
3457:Darmstadt
3453:Wörrstadt
3449:Ingelheim
3369:Rhineland
3269:Silistre
3266:Schlitzer
3258:Schaeffer
3019:Liverpool
2957:São Paulo
2931:. Today,
2730:Education
2623:sertanejo
2610:syncretic
2577:, Brazil.
2564:Luftwaffe
2498:barrier.
2468:secession
2311:Playmobil
2280:São Paulo
2124:Argentina
2040:Lutherans
2028:São Paulo
1990:." Under
1905:languages
1732:São Paulo
1495:Joinville
1456:Joinville
1359:consumers
1284:messianic
1215:São Paulo
1151:Austrians
970:São Paulo
946:In 1858,
861:São Paulo
838:Joinville
822:Sapiranga
706:Brunswick
679:Schleswig
670:Oldenburg
569:in 1822.
412:The book
387:Spaniards
238:São Paulo
118:speakers.
101:Languages
65:São Paulo
10479:See also
10406:Pakistan
10314:Zanzibar
10304:Bagamoyo
10299:Tanzania
10219:Cameroon
10153:Nebraska
10121:Paraguay
10081:Colombia
10017:Americas
9949:Bosporus
9932:Slovenia
9897:Bulgaria
9757:Bukovina
9742:Highland
9729:Landlers
9674:Slovakia
9604:Diaspora
9506:Category
9444:Hinduism
9393:Maronite
9372:Buddhism
9354:Religion
9319:Painting
9269:Carnaval
9151:Abortion
9097:Taxation
9069:Industry
8993:Military
8919:Politics
8900:Wildlife
8870:Pantanal
8739:Timeline
8723:articles
8596:Scottish
8565:Romanian
8540:Croatian
8528:Southern
8504:Estonian
8497:Northern
8437:Austrian
8352:Lebanese
8337:Armenian
8283:Southern
8247:Japanese
8237:Filipino
8162:Peruvian
8152:Guyanese
8132:Bolivian
8094:Honduran
8066:Jamaican
8029:Canadian
7987:Americas
7946:Nigerian
7869:caiçaras
7834:caboclos
7813:mestiços
7661:Archived
7610:Archived
7560:Archived
7472:Archived
7394:Archived
7373:4 August
7347:4 August
7341:Archived
7249:4 August
7216:Archived
7212:"Secult"
7153:Archived
6844:Archived
6786:Archived
6760:Archived
6721:Archived
6694:Archived
6673:4 August
6667:Archived
6647:4 August
6641:Archived
6621:4 August
6615:Archived
6595:4 August
6589:Archived
6559:Archived
6539:4 August
6533:Archived
6508:4 August
6502:Archived
6482:4 August
6476:Archived
6472:"CHIMIA"
6456:4 August
6450:Archived
6400:4 August
6350:Archived
6330:4 August
6303:4 August
6273:4 August
6267:Archived
6237:Archived
6207:Archived
6181:Archived
6140:4 August
6134:Archived
6113:4 August
6107:Archived
6083:4 August
6077:Archived
6053:10 March
6012:Archived
5983:Archived
5951:Archived
5904:Archived
5865:Archived
5826:Archived
5787:Archived
5748:Archived
5644:Archives
5602:4 August
5522:Archived
5485:cite web
5411:4 August
5405:Archived
5364:4 August
5358:Archived
5334:4 August
5328:Archived
5302:Archived
5237:Archived
5173:Archived
5134:Archived
5110:4 August
5104:Archived
5051:Archived
4985:Archived
4959:Archived
4895:Archived
4849:Archived
4778:Archived
4726:Archived
4686:4 August
4680:Archived
4656:4 August
4650:Archived
4630:4 August
4624:Archived
4597:Archived
4533:Archived
4506:Archived
4427:4 August
4395:Archived
4334:Archived
4314:4 August
4308:Archived
4287:Archived
4274:: 73–87.
4240:29 March
4162:Archived
4048:2 August
4042:Archived
3991:Reformed
3886:See also
3814:Rondônia
3795:Pomerode
3627:Curitiba
3595:Pomerode
3554:Holstein
3544:Blumenau
3514:Teutônia
3417:Hunsrück
3393:Hunsrück
3361:Fribourg
3293:Vicente
3261:Schefer
3189:Koerich
3140:Goettems
3120:Emmerich
3107:Pereira
3104:Birnbaum
3099:Adapted
3072:Pomerode
3047:in 1866.
3045:Blumenau
2993:Curitiba
2927:or just
2917:Schoppen
2874:chucrute
2806:Lutheran
2659:—
2656:language
2575:Curitiba
2448:in 1905.
2431:jus soli
2251:(2006),
2247:(2005),
2176:include
2110:232,904
2092:951,466
2018:Religion
2004:teachers
1855:Language
1848:Blumenau
1510:Blumenau
1467:Blumenau
1452:Blumenau
1297:Identity
1159:Japanese
1143:Russians
1111:Italians
1106:Farms
984:Curitiba
959:Curitiba
834:Blumenau
676:Hannover
673:Holstein
623:colônias
601:Austrian
593:Napoleon
567:Portugal
493:1960–69
490:1950–59
487:1940–49
484:1930–39
481:1920–29
478:1910–19
475:1900–09
472:1890–99
469:1880–89
466:1872–79
463:1848–72
460:1824–47
383:Italians
323:Pomerode
313:Overview
216:Japanese
208:Italians
147:, other
123:Religion
10522:Germany
10508:Portals
10425:Oceania
10369:Tianjin
10364:Qingdao
10359:Beijing
10326:Baguida
10275:Senegal
10263:Nigeria
10258:Namibia
10229:Yaoundé
10180:Uruguay
10173:by city
10106:Jamaica
10035:Bolivia
9967:Belgium
9922:Croatia
9902:Georgia
9887:Armenia
9866:Finland
9844:Denmark
9821:Galicia
9796:Ukraine
9762:Dobruja
9719:Romania
9707:Moldova
9702:Belarus
9667:Galicia
9653:Olęders
9648:Vistula
9638:Hungary
9490:Outline
9469:Umbanda
9449:Judaism
9400:Melkite
9284:Cuisine
9246:Culture
9231:Welfare
9139:Society
9107:Tourism
9064:Exports
9022:Economy
8880:Regions
8855:Islands
8850:Geology
8816:Climate
8731:History
8592:English
8586:Belgian
8579:Western
8570:Spanish
8550:Italian
8509:Latvian
8483:Russian
8471:Eastern
8430:Central
8379:Turkish
8369:Iranian
8330:Western
8314:Central
8232:Chinese
8225:Eastern
8137:Chilean
8061:Haitian
8034:Mexican
7963:Angolan
7927:Kalunga
7887:sararás
7878:mulatos
7862:juçaras
7855:cafuzos
7820:ainokos
7730:Topicos
7667:23 June
7478:23 June
6585:ZH 2014
6356:8 April
6160:Archive
5658:p. 190.
4284:Hunsrik
3989:, with
3985:Mainly
3807:Canguçu
3746:Itarana
3619:Prussia
3570:Brusque
3558:Hanover
3479:Silesia
3377:Bohemia
3290:Wilvert
3245:Hóstia
3229:Mengue
3210:Lefhaar
3202:Lambert
3170:Jungles
3136:Goedems
3131:França
3123:Emerin
2937:Bohemia
2903:Schmier
2883:Eisbein
2714:U-boats
2395:climate
2380:empire.
2167:fashion
2146:24,400
2142:Bolivia
2128:71,960
2053:Country
1973:forests
1955:59,169
1949:580,114
1946:317,015
1943:327,443
1940:644,458
1883:lexicon
1870:dialect
1830:Culture
1824:gaúchos
1815:gaúchos
1777:20–25%
1634:105,503
1630:Brusque
1619:118,287
1604:143,123
1589:172,081
1574:182,016
1559:214,210
1544:239,051
1529:296,044
1514:309,011
1499:515,288
1489:State
1363:Germans
1329:gaúchos
1310:Muckers
1188:Indians
1135:Spanish
1127:Germans
1114:35,984
1026:Germany
948:Germans
941:Germany
929:Germans
914:farmers
902:Gramado
712:Others
682:Hamburg
664:Prussia
528:16,643
522:27,497
519:75,801
516:25,902
513:13,848
510:17,084
507:18,901
504:14,325
501:19,523
402:decades
373:German
335:Germans
212:Spanish
169:Hunsrik
145:Germans
10534:Brazil
10452:Rabaul
10447:Kokopo
10381:Israel
10241:Guinea
10224:Douala
10214:Angola
10206:Africa
10131:Pozuzo
10111:Mexico
10045:Canada
10040:Brazil
10030:Belize
9972:France
9944:Turkey
9927:Serbia
9871:Sweden
9861:Norway
9816:Crimea
9779:Russia
9772:Zipser
9746:Walser
9744:, and
9734:Danube
9679:Zipser
9643:Poland
9612:Europe
9511:Portal
9367:Baháʼí
9339:Sports
9279:Comics
9274:Cinema
9206:People
9181:Health
9074:Mining
9059:Energy
8885:Rivers
8721:
8719:Brazil
8677:Racism
8607:French
8457:Polish
8447:German
8397:Europe
8374:Jewish
8362:Syrian
8321:Afghan
8305:Romani
8259:Korean
8206:Yellow
7900:Africa
7827:pardos
7789:Brazil
7778:Brazil
7616:7 July
7589:7 July
7566:7 July
7536:7 July
6752:
6446:DW.COM
6293:Amparo
6243:4 July
5896:
5857:
5818:
5754:5 July
5650:
5179:7 July
5140:7 July
5043:
4951:
4841:
4718:
4676:DW.COM
4589:
4498:
4471:
4154:
4131:SciELO
3778:Itueta
3756:Pancas
3653:Swabia
3445:Nassau
3441:Bingen
3373:Saxony
3309:Simão
3250:Paulus
3242:Ostien
3197:Cunha
3186:Kehrig
3178:Justin
3149:Krais
3128:Frazen
3112:Diemer
3096:German
2949:Brahma
2899:chimia
2891:Wiener
2865:Kuchen
2851:Kuchen
2821:Health
2756:Canoas
2703:Allied
2599:Nazism
2523:Nazism
2403:Pampas
2369:Canela
2174:models
2139:
2121:
2106:Canada
2103:
2088:Brazil
2085:
2067:
1977:German
1785:5–10%
1782:Paraná
1714:Paraná
1708:21.6%
1686:22.34%
1585:Itajaí
1460:Itajaí
1415:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1352:Brazil
1287:anomie
1242:Number
1224:Paraná
1176:gaúcho
1162:1,167
1154:4,292
1146:4,471
1138:4,725
1130:6,887
1122:9,552
1077:
1062:France
1059:
1041:
1023:
1008:Brazil
1005:
994:Total
820:) and
700:Sweden
691:Lübeck
688:Poland
685:Saxony
667:Norway
657:Origin
599:, was
578:Pampas
559:Ilhéus
531:5,659
525:6,807
498:8,176
252:, and
234:Paraná
210:, the
206:, the
189:German
161:German
10396:Korea
10386:Japan
10376:India
10354:China
10268:Lagos
10236:Ghana
10163:Omaha
10158:Texas
10101:Haiti
10062:Chile
9784:Volga
9767:Regat
9738:Banat
9497:Index
9439:Islam
9299:Music
9236:Youth
9166:Crime
9079:Real
8612:Irish
8602:Dutch
8545:Greek
8462:Swiss
8442:Czech
8412:White
8347:Iraqi
8056:Cuban
7915:Black
7073:(PDF)
7066:(PDF)
7017:(PDF)
7010:(PDF)
6957:(PDF)
6950:(PDF)
6876:(PDF)
6869:(PDF)
6818:(PDF)
6811:(PDF)
5986:(PDF)
5979:(PDF)
5954:(PDF)
5947:(PDF)
5641:[
5470:(PDF)
5279:(PDF)
5268:(PDF)
5240:(PDF)
5233:(PDF)
5208:(PDF)
5201:(PDF)
4810:(PDF)
4803:(PDF)
4567:(PDF)
4560:(PDF)
3973:Notes
3700:1857
3697:(ES)
3684:Tirol
3679:1857
3676:(ES)
3665:1847
3662:(ES)
3648:1951
3645:(PR)
3632:1851
3629:(PR)
3614:1851
3611:(SC)
3600:1861
3597:(SC)
3579:Baden
3575:1860
3572:(SC)
3549:1850
3546:(SC)
3535:1857
3532:(RS)
3519:1868
3516:(RS)
3505:1859
3502:(RS)
3491:1857
3488:(RS)
3470:1849
3467:(RS)
3437:Mosel
3429:1837
3426:(RJ)
3413:1829
3410:(SP)
3389:1824
3386:(RS)
3357:1819
3354:(RJ)
3343:Date
3274:Weber
3237:Maia
3234:Meyer
3221:Leão
3157:Hánn
3146:Greis
2967:Sport
2961:AmBev
2919:) in
2913:Chope
2909:Chopp
2859:wheat
2414:alien
2278:, in
2153:Media
1996:Italy
1952:5,083
1926:Women
1793:1–5%
1758:State
1705:19.3%
1700:13.3%
1683:20.5%
1668:1950
1665:1940
1653:State
1227:Bahia
1208:State
1044:Italy
887:Reich
883:Reich
814:Ivoti
563:Bahia
10464:Apia
10347:Asia
10336:Lomé
10331:Sebe
10321:Togo
10126:Peru
9264:Arts
8966:LGBT
8594:and
8342:Arab
8269:Thai
8191:Asia
7695:2015
7669:2020
7639:help
7618:2020
7591:2020
7568:2020
7538:2020
7480:2020
7428:2015
7402:2015
7375:2015
7349:2015
7322:2015
7278:2015
7251:2015
7224:2015
7161:2015
7081:2015
6991:2011
6965:2015
6911:2011
6884:2015
6852:2015
6826:2015
6794:2011
6768:2011
6750:ISBN
6729:2011
6702:2011
6675:2015
6649:2015
6623:2015
6597:2015
6567:2011
6541:2015
6510:2015
6484:2015
6458:2015
6428:2015
6402:2015
6358:2015
6332:2015
6305:2015
6275:2015
6245:2022
6215:2017
6189:2017
6142:2015
6115:2015
6085:2015
6055:2016
6020:2015
5994:2011
5962:2015
5912:2018
5894:ISBN
5873:2018
5855:ISBN
5834:2018
5816:ISBN
5795:2018
5756:2016
5729:2011
5698:2011
5648:ISBN
5604:2015
5559:2015
5530:2011
5491:link
5435:Mana
5413:2015
5387:2015
5366:2015
5336:2015
5310:2014
5248:2015
5216:2015
5181:2020
5142:2020
5112:2015
5081:2015
5059:2011
5041:ISBN
4993:2011
4967:2011
4949:ISBN
4929:2011
4903:2015
4857:2011
4839:ISBN
4818:2011
4786:2011
4760:2011
4734:2011
4716:ISBN
4688:2015
4658:2015
4632:2015
4605:2011
4587:ISBN
4541:2011
4514:2011
4496:ISBN
4469:ISBN
4450:2015
4429:2015
4403:2017
4373:2011
4342:2015
4316:2015
4242:2016
4216:2021
4170:2021
4152:ISBN
4050:2015
3993:and
3323:Linz
3226:Meng
3218:Löwe
3194:Kuhn
3154:Hahn
3021:and
2933:beer
2929:beer
2887:vina
2762:The
2750:The
2323:Thor
2228:and
1769:35%
1742:2.5%
1724:6.9%
1662:1920
1659:1890
1656:1872
1483:City
1458:and
1030:104
1012:230
961:and
867:and
385:and
301:and
261:IBGE
240:and
9427:LDS
8983:Law
7810:or
7776:in
6162:).
6158:" (
5512:doi
5443:doi
5165:hdl
4121:doi
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3327:Ulm
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