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In this approach, the presence of multiple solutions to the interpolation problem is acknowledged. Each realization is considered as a possible scenario of what the real variable could be. All associated workflows are then considering ensemble of realizations, and consequently ensemble of predictions
734:
Considering the principle of conservation of probability, recurrent difference equations (finite difference equations) were used in conjunction with lattices to compute probabilities quantifying uncertainty about the geological structures. This procedure is a numerical alternative method to Markov
304:
485:
698:
Kriging is a group of geostatistical techniques to interpolate the value of a random field (e.g., the elevation, z, of the landscape as a function of the geographic location) at an unobserved location from observations of its value at nearby locations.
717:
is used to update a probability model as more evidence or information becomes available. Bayesian inference is playing an increasingly important role in
Geostatistics. Bayesian estimation implements kriging through a spatial process, most commonly a
218:
136:
Geostatistics is intimately related to interpolation methods, but extends far beyond simple interpolation problems. Geostatistical techniques rely on statistical models that are based on random function (or
156:, were already well known before geostatistics. Geostatistics goes beyond the interpolation problem by considering the studied phenomenon at unknown locations as a set of correlated random variables.
1184:
Banerjee S., Carlin B.P., and
Gelfand A.E. (2014). Hierarchical Modeling and Analysis for Spatial Data, Second Edition. Chapman & Hall/CRC Monographs on Statistics & Applied Probability.
652:{\displaystyle F(\mathbf {z} ,\mathbf {x} )=\operatorname {Prob} \lbrace Z(\mathbf {x} _{1})\leqslant z_{1},Z(\mathbf {x} _{2})\leqslant z_{2},...,Z(\mathbf {x} _{N})\leqslant z_{N}\rbrace .}
975:
Krige, Danie G. (1951). "A statistical approach to some basic mine valuation problems on the
Witwatersrand". J. of the Chem., Metal. and Mining Soc. of South Africa 52 (6): 119â139
1149:
Tahmasebi, P., Hezarkhani, A., Sahimi, M., 2012, Multiple-point geostatistical modeling based on the cross-correlation functions, Computational
Geosciences, 16(3):779-79742,
674:
A number of methods exist for both geostatistical estimation and multiple realizations approaches. Several reference books provide a comprehensive overview of the discipline.
389:. It means that the same statistical properties are applicable on the entire domain. Several geostatistical methods provide ways of relaxing this stationarity assumption.
369:
364:
can take any value. The spatial continuity of the random variables is described by a model of spatial continuity that can be either a parametric function in the case of
1022:
Kitanidis, P.K. and
Vomvoris, E.G. (1983). "A geostatistical approach to the inverse problem in groundwater modeling (steady state) and one-dimensional simulations",
796:
186:
that could be measured, geostatistics considers this value as random since it was not measured, or has not been measured yet. However, the randomness of
1329:
McGrew, J. Chapman, & Monroe, Charles B., 2000. An introduction to statistical problem solving in geography, second edition, McGraw-Hill, New York.
1368:
Shine, J.A., Wakefield, G.I.: A comparison of supervised imagery classification using analyst-chosen and geostatistically-chosen training sets, 1999,
862:
373:
299:{\displaystyle F({\mathit {z}},\mathbf {x} )=\operatorname {Prob} \lbrace Z(\mathbf {x} )\leqslant {\mathit {z}}\mid {\text{information}}\rbrace .}
750:
2810:
3315:
1369:
1000:
Mariethoz, Gregoire, Caers, Jef (2014). Multiple-point geostatistics: modeling with training images. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, UK, 364 p.
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885:
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458:
by actually considering each possible outcome of it at each location. This is generally done by creating several alternative maps of
2863:
1359:
Pyrcz, M.J. and
Deutsch, C.V., 2014, Geostatistical Reservoir Modeling, 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press, New York, p. 448
666:
that allow for probabilistic forecasting. Therefore, geostatistics is often used to generate or update spatial models when solving
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1363:
1341:
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1425:
955:
1333:
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2329:
1477:
1223:"A two-dimensional approach to quantify stratigraphic uncertainty from borehole data using non-homogeneous random fields"
1009:
Hansen, T.M., Journel, A.G., Tarantola, A. and
Mosegaard, K. (2006). "Linear inverse Gaussian theory and geostatistics",
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can only have values similar to the ones found in the neighborhood. Conversely, in the absence of spatial continuity
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3164:
198:
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Honarkhah, Mehrdad; Caers, Jef (2010). "Stochastic
Simulation of Patterns Using Distance-Based Pattern Modeling".
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3009:
2754:
2125:
1715:
1395:
On-Line
Library that chronicles Matheron's journey from classical statistics to the new science of geostatistics
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125:
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Philip, G M and Watson, D F, 1986, Matheronian
Geostatistics; Quo Vadis?, Mathematical Geology, Vol 18, No 1
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https://web.archive.org/web/20020424165227/http://www.geovista.psu.edu/sites/geocomp99/Gc99/044/gc_044.htm
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1986:
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David, M, 1977, Geostatistical Ore Reserve Estimation, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam
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Banerjee, Sudipto. High-Dimensional Bayesian Geostatistics. Bayesian Anal. 12 (2017), no. 2, 583--614.
1050:
GSLIB: Geostatistical Software Library and User's Guide (Applied Geostatistics Series), Second Edition,
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2017:
1976:
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41:
1384:
Volk, W, 1980, Applied Statistics for Engineers, Krieger Publishing Company, Huntington, New York.
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Armstrong, M and Champigny, N, 1988, A Study on Kriging Small Blocks, CIM Bulletin, Vol 82, No 923
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2012:
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Hald, A, 1952, Statistical Theory with Engineering Applications, John Wiley & Sons, New York
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Matheron, G. 1962. Traité de géostatistique appliquée. Tome 1, Editions Technip, Paris, 334 pp.
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755:
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https://web.archive.org/web/20020605050231/http://www.ento.vt.edu/~sharov/PopEcol/popecol.html
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ISO/DIS 11648-1 Statistical aspects of sampling from bulk materials-Part1: General principles
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Lipschutz, S, 1968, Theory and Problems of Probability, McCraw-Hill Book Company, New York.
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Strahler, A. H., and Strahler A., 2006, Introducing Physical Geography, 4th Ed., Wiley.
1305:
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708:
386:
379:
By applying a single spatial model on an entire domain, one makes the assumption that
368:-based geostatistics, or have a non-parametric form when using other methods such as
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1981:
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141:) theory to model the uncertainty associated with spatial estimation and simulation.
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1222:
1209:
667:
138:
121:
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1948:
1878:
1524:
1379:
Multiple-point geostatistical modeling based on the cross-correlation functions
940:
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411:
1378:
1301:
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3614:
3477:
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101:
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201:(CDF) that depends on certain information that is known about the value
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1958:
1658:
1589:
1539:
1514:
1434:
1205:
124:. Geostatistical algorithms are incorporated in many places, including
30:
1394:
180:, geological facies, etc.). Although there exists a value at location
2631:
2483:
2103:
1898:
1810:
1795:
1790:
1755:
920:
837:
726:
to calculate its posterior. High-dimensional Bayesian Geostatistics
470:
grid nodes (or pixels). Each realization is a sample of the complete
365:
117:
109:
81:
61:
52:
operations, it is currently applied in diverse disciplines including
45:
34:
1326:
Matheron, G. 1989. Estimating and choosing, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
2147:
1765:
1642:
1637:
1632:
85:
3652:
3353:
925:
905:
842:
713:
Bayesian inference is a method of statistical inference in which
693:
37:
3574:
2555:
2529:
2509:
1760:
1551:
415:
342:
by this neighborhood: if a high spatial continuity is assumed,
170:
be the value of the variable of interest at a certain location
49:
144:
A number of simpler interpolation methods/algorithms, such as
1403:
1112:
Introduction to Geostatistics: Applications in Hydrogeology,
1494:
392:
In this framework, one can distinguish two modeling goals:
1053:
464:, called realizations. Consider a domain discretized in
112:, particularly those involving the spread of diseases (
488:
221:
176:. This value is unknown (e.g. temperature, rainfall,
3316:
Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH)
437:. This is usually denoted as an estimation problem.
116:), the practice of commerce and military planning (
2778:
1362:Sharov, A: Quantitative Population Ecology, 1996,
651:
298:
108:). Geostatistics is applied in varied branches of
23:Branch of statistics focusing on spatial data sets
1377:Tahmasebi, P., Hezarkhani, A., Sahimi, M., 2012,
1079:Geostatistical simulation: Models and algorithms,
1037:Applied Geostatistics with SGeMS: A User's Guide,
3731:
2864:Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS)
1127:Third edition, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 387 pp.
1039:284 pp., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
1287:
1210:https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ba/1494921642
1138:Geostatistical Reservoir Modeling, 2nd Edition
1419:
1381:, Computational Geosciences, 16(3):779-79742.
1066:Geostatistics - Modeling Spatial Uncertainty,
443:from the entire probability density function
1344:, CIM Bulletin, January 1993, Vol 86, No 966
987:Isaaks, E. H. and Srivastava, R. M. (1989),
643:
520:
290:
255:
1090:Journel, A. G. and Huijbregts, C.J. (1978)
1068:John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, USA.
983:
981:
886:Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography
729:
1464:
1426:
1412:
2077:
1234:
989:An Introduction to Applied Geostatistics,
1220:
1136:Pyrcz, M. J. and Deutsch, C.V., (2014).
978:
816:
476:-dimensional joint distribution function
1064:ChilĂšs, J.-P., and P. Delfiner (1999),
991:Oxford University Press, New York, USA.
3732:
3390:KaplanâMeier estimator (product limit)
1158:
702:
3463:
3030:
2777:
2076:
1846:
1463:
1407:
1048:Deutsch, C.V., Journel, A.G, (1997).
3700:
3400:Accelerated failure time (AFT) model
1278:, Applied Science Publishers, London
956:Uncertain geographic context problem
120:), and the development of efficient
3712:
2995:Analysis of variance (ANOVA, anova)
1847:
13:
3090:CochranâMantelâHaenszel statistics
1716:Pearson product-moment correlation
1140:, Oxford University Press, 448 pp.
1052:Oxford University Press, 369 pp.,
277:
230:
197:is not complete, but defined by a
40:. Developed originally to predict
14:
3751:
1388:
3711:
3699:
3687:
3674:
3673:
3464:
1265:Geostatistics: A tool that works
951:Tobler's second law of geography
722:, and updates the process using
617:
568:
531:
504:
496:
265:
239:
199:cumulative distribution function
3349:Least-squares spectral analysis
1334:Geostatistics or voodoo science
1260:De Geeostatisticis, July, No 14
1214:
1194:
1178:
1152:
1143:
1130:
1117:
1104:
1084:
946:Tobler's first law of geography
331:) one can constrain the CDF of
315:is known at locations close to
2330:Mean-unbiased minimum-variance
1433:
1071:
1058:
1042:
1029:
1016:
1003:
994:
969:
916:Geographic Information Systems
911:Geographic Information Science
627:
612:
578:
563:
541:
526:
508:
492:
269:
261:
243:
225:
154:nearest-neighbor interpolation
126:geographic information systems
1:
3643:Geographic information system
2859:Simultaneous equations models
1354:
1247:
738:
682:
131:
2826:Coefficient of determination
2437:Uniformly most powerful test
1339:
1336:, The Northern Miner, May 18
1236:10.1016/j.enggeo.2023.107001
823:Regionalized variable theory
812:Multiple-Point Geostatistics
735:chains and Bayesian models.
7:
3395:Proportional hazards models
3339:Spectral density estimation
3321:Vector autoregression (VAR)
2755:Maximum posterior estimator
1987:Randomized controlled trial
1125:Multivariate geostatistics,
1114:Cambridge University Press.
901:Geodemographic segmentation
873:
309:Typically, if the value of
10:
3756:
3155:Multivariate distributions
1575:Average absolute deviation
1314:(best paper award IAMG 09)
1081:232 pp., Springer, Berlin.
891:Multivariate interpolation
787:Markov chain geostatistics
706:
691:
687:
677:
146:inverse distance weighting
15:
3669:
3623:
3560:
3513:
3476:
3472:
3459:
3431:
3413:
3380:
3371:
3329:
3276:
3237:
3186:
3177:
3143:Structural equation model
3098:
3055:
3051:
3026:
2985:
2951:
2905:
2872:
2834:
2801:
2797:
2773:
2713:
2622:
2541:
2505:
2496:
2479:Score/Lagrange multiplier
2464:
2417:
2362:
2288:
2279:
2089:
2085:
2072:
2031:
2005:
1957:
1912:
1894:Sample size determination
1859:
1855:
1842:
1746:
1701:
1675:
1657:
1613:
1565:
1485:
1476:
1472:
1459:
1441:
1302:10.1007/s11004-010-9276-7
1035:Remy, N., et al. (2009),
370:multiple-point simulation
42:probability distributions
3638:Environmental statistics
3160:Elliptical distributions
2953:Generalized linear model
2882:Simple linear regression
2652:HodgesâLehmann estimator
2109:Probability distribution
2018:Stochastic approximation
1580:Coefficient of variation
1290:Mathematical Geosciences
1123:Wackernagel, H. (2003).
1110:Kitanidis, P.K. (1997)
1024:Water Resources Research
962:
881:Arbia's law of geography
868:Finite difference method
782:Transition probabilities
730:Finite difference method
16:Not to be confused with
3298:Cross-correlation (XCF)
2906:Non-standard predictors
2340:LehmannâScheffĂ© theorem
2013:Adaptive clinical trial
1350:"What Is Geostatistics?
1276:Practical Geostatistics
1077:Lantuéjoul, C. (2002),
33:focusing on spatial or
3694:Mathematics portal
3515:Engineering statistics
3423:NelsonâAalen estimator
3000:Analysis of covariance
2887:Ordinary least squares
2811:Pearson product-moment
2215:Statistical functional
2126:Empirical distribution
1959:Controlled experiments
1688:Frequency distribution
1466:Descriptive statistics
792:Support vector machine
756:Cholesky decomposition
653:
300:
150:bilinear interpolation
3610:Population statistics
3552:System identification
3286:Autocorrelation (ACF)
3214:Exponential smoothing
3128:Discriminant analysis
3123:Canonical correlation
2987:Partition of variance
2849:Regression validation
2693:(JonckheereâTerpstra)
2592:Likelihood-ratio test
2281:Frequentist inference
2193:Locationâscale family
2114:Sampling distribution
2079:Statistical inference
2046:Cross-sectional study
2033:Observational studies
1992:Randomized experiment
1821:Stem-and-leaf display
1623:Central limit theorem
1221:Cardenas, IC (2023).
1092:Mining Geostatistics,
1054:http://www.gslib.com/
848:Range (geostatistics)
817:Definitions and tools
804:Pseudo-genetic models
654:
301:
90:environmental control
18:statistical geography
3533:Probabilistic design
3118:Principal components
2961:Exponential families
2913:Nonlinear regression
2892:General linear model
2854:Mixed effects models
2844:Errors and residuals
2821:Confounding variable
2723:Bayesian probability
2701:Van der Waerden test
2691:Ordered alternative
2456:Multiple comparisons
2335:RaoâBlackwellization
2298:Estimating equations
2254:Statistical distance
1972:Factorial experiment
1505:Arithmetic-Geometric
1263:Champigny, N, 1992,
1256:Armstrong, M, 1992,
1161:"Statios - WinGslib"
896:Spline interpolation
853:Sill (geostatistics)
772:Sequential Indicator
486:
219:
3605:Official statistics
3528:Methods engineering
3209:Seasonal adjustment
2977:Poisson regressions
2897:Bayesian regression
2836:Regression analysis
2816:Partial correlation
2788:Regression analysis
2387:Prediction interval
2382:Likelihood interval
2372:Confidence interval
2364:Interval estimation
2325:Unbiased estimators
2143:Model specification
2023:Up-and-down designs
1711:Partial correlation
1667:Index of dispersion
1585:Interquartile range
1342:Abuse of statistics
1227:Engineering Geology
828:Covariance function
775:Sequential Gaussian
769:Spectral simulation
703:Bayesian estimation
410:, typically by the
3625:Spatial statistics
3505:Medical statistics
3405:First hitting time
3359:Whittle likelihood
3010:Degrees of freedom
3005:Multivariate ANOVA
2938:Heteroscedasticity
2750:Bayesian estimator
2715:Bayesian inference
2564:KolmogorovâSmirnov
2449:Randomization test
2419:Testing hypotheses
2392:Tolerance interval
2303:Maximum likelihood
2198:Exponential family
2131:Density estimation
2091:Statistical theory
2051:Natural experiment
1997:Scientific control
1914:Survey methodology
1600:Standard deviation
1348:Myers, Donald E.;
1332:Merks, J W, 1992,
1269:The Northern Miner
1258:Freedom of Speech?
1206:10.1214/17-BA1056R
1159:Schnetzler, Manu.
797:Boolean simulation
760:Truncated Gaussian
709:Bayesian inference
649:
387:stationary process
296:
3727:
3726:
3665:
3664:
3661:
3660:
3600:National accounts
3570:Actuarial science
3562:Social statistics
3455:
3454:
3451:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3382:Survival function
3367:
3366:
3229:Granger causality
3070:Contingency table
3045:Survival analysis
3022:
3021:
3018:
3017:
2874:Linear regression
2769:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2740:Credible interval
2709:
2708:
2492:
2491:
2308:Method of moments
2177:Parametric family
2138:Statistical model
2068:
2067:
2064:
2063:
1982:Random assignment
1904:Statistical power
1838:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1683:Contingency table
1653:
1652:
1520:Generalized/power
808:Cellular automata
288:
178:piezometric level
106:precision farming
94:landscape ecology
54:petroleum geology
3747:
3715:
3714:
3703:
3702:
3692:
3691:
3677:
3676:
3580:Crime statistics
3474:
3473:
3461:
3460:
3378:
3377:
3344:Fourier analysis
3331:Frequency domain
3311:
3258:
3224:Structural break
3184:
3183:
3133:Cluster analysis
3080:Log-linear model
3053:
3052:
3028:
3027:
2969:
2943:Homoscedasticity
2799:
2798:
2775:
2774:
2694:
2686:
2678:
2677:(KruskalâWallis)
2662:
2647:
2602:Cross validation
2587:
2569:AndersonâDarling
2516:
2503:
2502:
2474:Likelihood-ratio
2466:Parametric tests
2444:Permutation test
2427:1- & 2-tails
2318:Minimum distance
2290:Point estimation
2286:
2285:
2237:Optimal decision
2188:
2087:
2086:
2074:
2073:
2056:Quasi-experiment
2006:Adaptive designs
1857:
1856:
1844:
1843:
1721:Rank correlation
1483:
1482:
1474:
1473:
1461:
1460:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1405:
1404:
1356:
1345:
1313:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1218:
1212:
1198:
1192:
1182:
1176:
1175:
1173:
1172:
1163:. Archived from
1156:
1150:
1147:
1141:
1134:
1128:
1121:
1115:
1108:
1102:
1094:Academic Press.
1088:
1082:
1075:
1069:
1062:
1056:
1046:
1040:
1033:
1027:
1020:
1014:
1007:
1001:
998:
992:
985:
976:
973:
720:Gaussian process
668:inverse problems
658:
656:
655:
650:
642:
641:
626:
625:
620:
593:
592:
577:
576:
571:
556:
555:
540:
539:
534:
507:
499:
475:
469:
463:
457:
436:
409:
384:
363:
352:
341:
330:
320:
314:
305:
303:
302:
297:
289:
286:
281:
280:
268:
242:
234:
233:
211:
196:
185:
175:
169:
122:spatial networks
3755:
3754:
3750:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3730:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3686:
3657:
3619:
3556:
3542:quality control
3509:
3491:Clinical trials
3468:
3443:
3427:
3415:Hazard function
3409:
3363:
3325:
3309:
3272:
3268:BreuschâGodfrey
3256:
3233:
3173:
3148:Factor analysis
3094:
3075:Graphical model
3047:
3014:
2981:
2967:
2947:
2901:
2868:
2830:
2793:
2792:
2761:
2705:
2692:
2684:
2676:
2660:
2645:
2624:Rank statistics
2618:
2597:Model selection
2585:
2543:Goodness of fit
2537:
2514:
2488:
2460:
2413:
2358:
2347:Median unbiased
2275:
2186:
2119:Order statistic
2081:
2060:
2027:
2001:
1953:
1908:
1851:
1849:Data collection
1830:
1742:
1697:
1671:
1649:
1609:
1561:
1478:Continuous data
1468:
1455:
1437:
1432:
1391:
1274:Clark I, 1979,
1250:
1245:
1244:
1219:
1215:
1199:
1195:
1183:
1179:
1170:
1168:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1144:
1135:
1131:
1122:
1118:
1109:
1105:
1089:
1085:
1076:
1072:
1063:
1059:
1047:
1043:
1034:
1030:
1021:
1017:
1008:
1004:
999:
995:
986:
979:
974:
970:
965:
960:
876:
819:
741:
732:
711:
705:
696:
690:
685:
680:
637:
633:
621:
616:
615:
588:
584:
572:
567:
566:
551:
547:
535:
530:
529:
503:
495:
487:
484:
483:
471:
465:
459:
444:
423:
400:
380:
354:
343:
332:
326:
316:
310:
285:
276:
275:
264:
238:
229:
228:
220:
217:
216:
202:
187:
181:
171:
160:
139:random variable
134:
29:is a branch of
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
3753:
3743:
3742:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3721:
3709:
3697:
3683:
3670:
3667:
3666:
3663:
3662:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3629:
3627:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3566:
3564:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3519:
3517:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3488:
3486:Bioinformatics
3482:
3480:
3470:
3469:
3457:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3449:
3448:
3445:
3444:
3442:
3441:
3435:
3433:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3425:
3419:
3417:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3386:
3384:
3375:
3369:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3335:
3333:
3327:
3326:
3324:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3294:
3293:
3291:partial (PACF)
3282:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3252:
3247:
3241:
3239:
3238:Specific tests
3235:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3190:
3188:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3152:
3151:
3150:
3140:
3138:Classification
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3104:
3102:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3092:
3087:
3085:McNemar's test
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3061:
3059:
3049:
3048:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2991:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2963:
2957:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2923:Semiparametric
2920:
2915:
2909:
2907:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2878:
2876:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2840:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2807:
2805:
2795:
2794:
2791:
2790:
2785:
2779:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2757:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2719:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2688:
2680:
2664:
2661:(MannâWhitney)
2656:
2655:
2654:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2628:
2626:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2594:
2589:
2586:(ShapiroâWilk)
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2553:
2547:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2527:
2518:
2506:
2500:
2498:Specific tests
2494:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2470:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2458:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2429:
2423:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2374:
2368:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2294:
2292:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2251:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2152:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2123:
2122:
2121:
2111:
2106:
2101:
2095:
2093:
2083:
2082:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2037:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2009:
2007:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1963:
1961:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1949:Standard error
1946:
1941:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1918:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1879:Optimal design
1876:
1871:
1865:
1863:
1853:
1852:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1752:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1718:
1713:
1707:
1705:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1679:
1677:
1676:Summary tables
1673:
1672:
1670:
1669:
1663:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1625:
1619:
1617:
1611:
1610:
1608:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1571:
1569:
1563:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1510:Contraharmonic
1507:
1502:
1491:
1489:
1480:
1470:
1469:
1457:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1431:
1430:
1423:
1416:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1390:
1389:External links
1387:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1375:
1372:
1366:
1360:
1357:
1352:
1346:
1337:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1296:(5): 487â517.
1285:
1282:
1279:
1272:
1261:
1254:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1213:
1193:
1177:
1151:
1142:
1129:
1116:
1103:
1083:
1070:
1057:
1041:
1028:
1015:
1002:
993:
977:
967:
966:
964:
961:
959:
958:
953:
948:
943:
941:Time geography
938:
933:
931:Remote sensing
928:
923:
918:
913:
908:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
877:
875:
872:
871:
870:
865:
863:Training image
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
818:
815:
814:
813:
810:
805:
802:
801:Genetic models
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
776:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
753:
748:
747:Dissagregation
745:
740:
737:
731:
728:
724:Bayes' Theorem
715:Bayes' theorem
707:Main article:
704:
701:
692:Main article:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
672:
671:
662:
661:
660:
659:
648:
645:
640:
636:
632:
629:
624:
619:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
591:
587:
583:
580:
575:
570:
565:
562:
559:
554:
550:
546:
543:
538:
533:
528:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
491:
478:
477:
438:
399:the value for
374:pseudo-genetic
307:
306:
295:
292:
284:
279:
274:
271:
267:
263:
260:
257:
254:
251:
248:
245:
241:
237:
232:
227:
224:
133:
130:
35:spatiotemporal
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3752:
3741:
3740:Geostatistics
3738:
3737:
3735:
3720:
3719:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3672:
3671:
3668:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3648:Geostatistics
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3616:
3615:Psychometrics
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3478:Biostatistics
3475:
3471:
3467:
3462:
3458:
3440:
3439:Log-rank test
3437:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3424:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3412:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3310:(BoxâJenkins)
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3263:DurbinâWatson
3261:
3259:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3245:DickeyâFuller
3243:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3219:Cointegration
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3194:Decomposition
3192:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3161:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3145:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3065:Cohen's kappa
3063:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3029:
3025:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2954:
2950:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2918:Nonparametric
2916:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2904:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2718:
2716:
2712:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2689:
2687:
2681:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2668:
2667:Nonparametric
2665:
2663:
2657:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2642:
2638:
2637:Sample median
2635:
2634:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2621:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2519:
2517:
2512:
2508:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2495:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2467:
2463:
2457:
2454:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2416:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2242:loss function
2240:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
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1190:9781439819173
1187:
1181:
1167:on 2015-05-11
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1026:19(3):677-690
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858:Nugget effect
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833:Semi-variance
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763:Plurigaussian
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751:Turning bands
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78:geometallurgy
75:
71:
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63:
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55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
36:
32:
28:
27:Geostatistics
19:
3716:
3704:
3685:
3678:
3647:
3590:Econometrics
3540: /
3523:Chemometrics
3500:Epidemiology
3493: /
3466:Applications
3308:ARIMA model
3255:Q-statistic
3204:Stationarity
3100:Multivariate
3043: /
3039: /
3037:Multivariate
3035: /
2975: /
2971: /
2745:Bayes factor
2644:Signed rank
2556:
2530:
2522:
2510:
2205:Completeness
2041:Cohort study
1939:Opinion poll
1874:Missing data
1861:Study design
1816:Scatter plot
1738:Scatter plot
1731:Spearman's Ï
1693:Grouped data
1340:Merks, J W,
1293:
1289:
1226:
1216:
1196:
1180:
1169:. Retrieved
1165:the original
1154:
1145:
1137:
1132:
1124:
1119:
1111:
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1091:
1086:
1078:
1073:
1065:
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673:
472:
466:
460:
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432:
428:
424:
405:
401:
391:
381:
378:
376:techniques.
359:
355:
348:
344:
337:
333:
327:
323:neighborhood
317:
311:
308:
207:
203:
192:
188:
182:
172:
165:
161:
158:
143:
135:
114:epidemiology
98:soil science
74:geochemistry
70:oceanography
58:hydrogeology
26:
25:
3718:WikiProject
3633:Cartography
3595:Jurimetrics
3547:Reliability
3278:Time domain
3257:(LjungâBox)
3179:Time-series
3057:Categorical
3041:Time-series
3033:Categorical
2968:(Bernoulli)
2803:Correlation
2783:Correlation
2579:JarqueâBera
2551:Chi-squared
2313:M-estimator
2266:Asymptotics
2210:Sufficiency
1977:Interaction
1889:Replication
1869:Effect size
1826:Violin plot
1806:Radar chart
1786:Forest plot
1776:Correlogram
1726:Kendall's Ï
936:Pedometrics
744:Aggregation
422:of the CDF
412:expectation
321:(or in the
287:information
102:agriculture
66:meteorology
3585:Demography
3303:ARMA model
3108:Regression
2685:(Friedman)
2646:(Wilcoxon)
2584:Normality
2574:Lilliefors
2521:Student's
2397:Resampling
2271:Robustness
2259:divergence
2249:Efficiency
2187:(monotone)
2182:Likelihood
2099:Population
1932:Stratified
1884:Population
1703:Dependence
1659:Count data
1590:Percentile
1567:Dispersion
1500:Arithmetic
1435:Statistics
1248:References
1171:2005-10-10
1011:Geophysics
778:Dead Leave
739:Simulation
683:Estimation
397:Estimating
132:Background
46:ore grades
31:statistics
2966:Logistic
2733:posterior
2659:Rank sum
2407:Jackknife
2402:Bootstrap
2220:Bootstrap
2155:Parameter
2104:Statistic
1899:Statistic
1811:Run chart
1796:Pie chart
1791:Histogram
1781:Fan chart
1756:Bar chart
1638:L-moments
1525:Geometric
921:Geomatics
838:Variogram
766:Annealing
631:⩽
582:⩽
545:⩽
518:
366:variogram
283:∣
273:⩽
253:
118:logistics
110:geography
104:(esp. in
82:geography
62:hydrology
3734:Category
3680:Category
3373:Survival
3250:Johansen
2973:Binomial
2928:Isotonic
2515:(normal)
2160:location
1967:Blocking
1922:Sampling
1801:QâQ plot
1766:Box plot
1748:Graphics
1643:Skewness
1633:Kurtosis
1605:Variance
1535:Heronian
1530:Harmonic
1310:73657847
1271:, May 18
874:See also
441:Sampling
86:forestry
38:datasets
3706:Commons
3653:Kriging
3538:Process
3495:studies
3354:Wavelet
3187:General
2354:Plug-in
2148:L space
1927:Cluster
1628:Moments
1446:Outline
926:SaTScan
906:Geodesy
843:Kriging
694:Kriging
688:Kriging
678:Methods
418:or the
128:(GIS).
3575:Census
3165:Normal
3113:Manova
2933:Robust
2683:2-way
2675:1-way
2513:-test
2184:
1761:Biplot
1552:Median
1545:Lehmer
1487:Center
1308:
1188:
1098:
416:median
414:, the
100:, and
50:mining
3199:Trend
2728:prior
2670:anova
2559:-test
2533:-test
2525:-test
2432:Power
2377:Pivot
2170:shape
2165:scale
1615:Shape
1595:Range
1540:Heinz
1515:Cubic
1451:Index
1306:S2CID
963:Notes
385:is a
3432:Test
2632:Sign
2484:Wald
1557:Mode
1495:Mean
1186:ISBN
1096:ISBN
515:Prob
420:mode
250:Prob
159:Let
152:and
48:for
2612:BIC
2607:AIC
1298:doi
1231:doi
1202:doi
372:or
325:of
44:of
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