24:
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539:
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formed in the foreland of the
Delamerian Orogeny. Western Australian passive margin basins and platform cover begin at this stage. The extensive Antrim Plateau flood basalts, covering in excess of 12,000 square kilometres, erupt in the Cambrian of Western Australia, providing a useful chronostratigraphic marker.
825:
The
Tabberabberan Orogeny compressed the eastern seaboard in an east–west direction, with Tasmania, Victoria and southern New South Wales folded 385 – 380 Mya. Northern NSW and Queensland was compressed 377 to 352 Mya. A major river drained the continental interior and passed eastwards at Parkes.
489:
The last stages of the 2770–2300 Ma
Hamersley Basin on the southern margin of the Pilbara Craton are Palaeoproterozoic and record the last stable submarine-fluviatile environments between the two cratons prior to the rifting, contraction and assembly of the intracratonic ~1800 Ma Ashburton and Blair
357:
Continental
Australia is unique among the continents in that the measured stress field is not parallel to the present-day north-northeast directed plate motion. Most of the stress state in continental Australia is controlled by compression originating from the three main collision boundaries located
742:
The late
Cambrian to early Ordovician saw deepwater sedimentation of the St Arnaud and Castlemaine Group turbidites, which are now emplaced in the Stawell and Bendigo Zones. The middle Ordovician saw the deposition of the Sunbury Group in the Melbourne Zone, Bendoc Group and formation of the Molong
683:
The
Petermann Orogeny in Central Australia, which started at the end of the Neoproterozoic, continued into the Cambrian, shedding a thick intracontinental sequence of fluvial sediments into the central Australian landmass. Marginal platforms and passive margin basins existed in South Australia – –
810:
Period conditions were warm in
Australia. There was a large bay in the Great Sandy Desert with reefs. The Calliope Arc went from the north of Rockhampton south to Grafton. Most of the centre and west of Australia was land mass. There were volcanic mountains off the current east coast supplying
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to the recent. In a gross pattern, continental
Australia grew from west to east, with Archean rocks mostly in the west, Proterozoic rocks in the centre, and Phanerozoic rocks in the east. Recent geologic events are confined to intraplate earthquakes, as the continent of Australia sits distant from
508:
The c. 1830 Ma
Capricorn Orogeny in this section of the Pilbara-Yilgarn boundary resulted in deformation of the Bryah-Padbury Basin and the western fringe of the Yerrida Basin, along with flood basalts. The Yapungku Orogeny (~1790 Ma) formed the Stanley Fold Belt on the northern margin of the
517:
The
Palaeoproterozoic in southeastern Australia is represented by the polydeformed high-grade gneiss terranes of the Willyama Supergroup, Olary Block and Broken Hill Block, in South Australia and New South Wales. The Palaeoproterozoic in the north of Australia is represented mostly by the
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plates). South of latitude −30°, the stress trajectories are oriented east–west to northwest–southeast. North of this latitude, the stress trajectories are closer to the present day plate motion, being oriented east-northeast–west-southwest to northeast–southwest. Notably, the main stress
1031:
Jurassic coal-bearing basins were formed in north central Queensland, with significant marine platform cover extending across most of central Australia. Continued passive-margin subsidence and marine transgressions in the Perth Basin of Western Australia continued, with the Jurassic
444:. The Glenburgh Orogeny is exposed in the rocks of the Glenburgh Terrane, the Yarlarweelor Gneiss Complex, and possibly the Glengarry, Yerrida and Padbury basins. Unknown Proterozoic orogenic belts, possibly similar to the Albany Complex in southern Western Australia and the
675:
in Victoria is a boninite to MORB basalt terrane considered to have been connected with the boninites the Mount Read Volcanics of Northern Tasmania. In New South Wales, extensive deepwater sedimentation formed the Adaminaby Beds in Victoria and New South Wales. The
900:. This was a major arc-accretion, subduction and back-arc sedimentary basin forming event which persisted episodically from approximately late Carboniferous in its initial stages, through the Permian and terminated in the Middle Triassic at around 229Ma to 225Ma.
525:
These rocks, aside from suffering intense deformation, record a period of widespread platform cover sedimentation, ensialic rift-sag sedimentation including widespread dolomite platform cover, and extensive phosphorite deposition in the deeper sea beds.
1297:
Jones, I., Verdel, C., Crossingham, T., and Vasconcelos, P. (2017). Animated reconstructions of the Late Cretaceous to Cenozoic northward migration of Australia, and implications for the generation of east Australian mafic magmatism. Geosphere, 13(2),
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trajectories diverge most markedly from one another in north–central New South Wales (east-southeast to north-northeast), although the area is not known historically for earthquake activity. Young mountain building (< 5 Ma) in the
303:, 2100–1300 Ma, 1300–600 Ma, 600–160 Ma and 160 Ma to the present. The first period saw the growth of nuclei about which cratonic elements grew, whereas the latter four periods involved the amalgamation and dispersal of
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The initial rifting of Australia and Antarctica in the Jurassic continued through the Cretaceous, with offshore development of a mid ocean ridge seafloor spreading centre. Tasmania was rifted off during this stage.
1822:
1706:
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Moss PT & Kershaw AP. 2000. The last glacial cycle from the humid tropics of northeastern Australia: comparison of a terrestrial and a marine record. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 155:
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sediment into a basin on parts of the east. The basin contained limestone and river deposited sand. Andesite and Rhyolite volcanoes were found in central NSW, the Snowy Mountains, Eden, New England and near
1726:
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Cretaceous sedimentation continued in the Surat Basin. Some small Cretaceous volcanism was present at the edges of basement highs in the Great Artesian Basin, resulting in some sparse volcanic plugs today.
1701:
1367:
Aitken ARA. 2010. Moho geometry gravity inversion experiment (MoGGIE): A refined model of the Australian Moho, and its tectonic and isostatic implications. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 297: 71–83.
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intrusions formed in New South Wales and Victoria from 435 to 425 Mya, with the Bega batholith as young as 400 Mya. In NSW granites the distinction between I-type and S-type granites was discovered.
1422:
Cawood PA. 2005. Terra Australis Orogen: Rodinia breakup and development of the Pacific and Iapetus margins of Gondwana during the Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic. Earth-Science Reviews 69: 249–279.
693:
688:
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Shaw RD et al. 1995. Australian crustal elements (1:5,000,000 scale map) based on the distribution of geophysical domains (v 1.0), Australian Geological Survey Organisation, Canberra.
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At the time they were formed they are believed to have been as high as any mountains on the planet today, but they have been almost completely eroded in the 280 million years since.
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The history of the Archaean cratons is extremely complex and protracted. The cratons appear to have been assembled to form the greater Australian landmass in the late Archaean to
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Gray DR & Foster DA. 2004. Tectonic review of the Lachlan Orogen: historical review, data synthesis and modern perspectives. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 51: 773–817.
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Earth Science History Group. 2010. Thematic Issue: Snapshots of the geological program covering the whole of Australia. Geological Society of Australia ESHG Newsletter 41: 43 p.
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Geology and tectonic evolution of the Palaeoproterozoic Bryah, Padbury and Yerrida basins, Western Australia: implications for the history of the south-central Capricorn orogen.
1988:
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Braun J Dooley J Goleby B van der Hilst R. & Klootwijk C (Eds). 1998. Structure and Evolution of the Australian Plate. American Geophysical Union, Geodynamics Series 26:
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1968:
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which left over half of the continent glaciated. Evidence for the cold conditions can be seen not only in glacial features dating from this period but also in fossil
174:, excluding the thinned margins, has an average thickness of 38 kilometres (24 mi), with a range in thickness from 24 to 59 kilometres (15 to 37 mi).
1832:
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Champion DC et al. 2009. Geodynamic synthesis of the Phanerozoic of eastern Australia and implications for metallogeny. Geoscience Australia Record 2009/18.
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1983:
1882:
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Day RW et al. 1983. Queensland geology: a companion volume to the 1:2,500,000 scale geological map (1975). Geological Survey of Queensland Publication 383.
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483:
433:
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Neumann NL & Fraser GL. 2007. Geochronological synthesis and time-space plots for Proterozoic Australia. Geoscience Australia Record 2007/06: 216 p.
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in Queensland, which are Tertiary examples of a chain of small volcanic plugs which decrease in age to the south, where they result in ~10,000-year-old
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deposits and extensive platform cover. Rifting of Australia from India and Africa began in the Permian, resulting in the production of a rift basin and
1862:
1852:
170:, over 200 kilometres (120 mi) thick in the western two-thirds and 100 kilometres (62 mi) thick in the younger eastern third. The Australian
1076:, followed by development of offshore coral platforms, passive margin basins and far-field volcanism throughout the quiet Hunter-Bowen orogenic belt.
1905:
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1530:
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Hillis RR & Muller RD. (eds) 2003. Evolution and dynamics of the Australian Plate. Geological Society of Australia Special Publication 22: 432 p.
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494:, the 2000–1780 Ma Glenburgh Terrane in the southern Gascoyne Complex and the Errabiddy Shear Zone at the northwestern margin of the Yilgarn Craton.
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Korsch RJ. et al. 2011. Australian island arcs through time: Geodynamic implications for the Archean and Proterozoic. Gondwana Research 19: 716–734.
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Tregoning P. 2003. Is the Australian Plate deforming? A space geodetic perspective. Geological Society of Australia Special Publication 22: 41–48.
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in Victoria and the offshore shelf basins of South Australia and Western Australia, all of which host significant oil and gas deposits. The
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formed in a transverse back-arc rift sag basin during collision. Culmination of the cratonic collision resulted in the foreland sedimentary
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Finlayson DM. 2008. A geological guide to Canberra Region and Namadgi National Park. Geological Society of Australia (ACT Division), 139 p.
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Quigley MC. et al. 2010. Late Cenozoic tectonic geomorphology of Australia. Geological Society of London Special Publication 346: 243–265.
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National Library of Australia. 2007. Australia in Maps: great maps in Australia's history from the National Library's collection: 148 p.
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790:. Meanwhile, in the east there were volcanic arcs in New England, also west of Townsville and Cairns, and in NSW and Victoria and the
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cratons. Several other Archaean-Proterozoic orogenic belts exist, usually sandwiched around the edges of these major cratonic shields.
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Burrett CF & Martin EL. 1989. Geology and mineral resources of Tasmania. Geological Society of Australia Special Publication 15.
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Hawkesworth CJ et al. 2010. The generation and evolution of the continental crust. Journal of the Geological Society 167: 229–248.
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Cawood PA & Korsch RJ. (eds) 2008. Assembling Australia: Proterozoic building of a continent. Precambrian Research 166: 1–396.
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were found on land, the first animal to walk on the Australian continent. A gulf linked to the sea existed under what is now the
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The assembly of the Archaean Yilgarn and Pilbara cratons of Australia was initiated at ~2200 Ma during the first phases of the
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Scheibner E. 1996–1998. Geology of New South Wales – synthesis. Geological Survey of New South Wales Memoir geology: 13 (2 v.)
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Royer J-Y & Gordon RG. 1997. The motion and boundary between the Capricorn and Australian Plates. Science 277: 1268–1274.
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The Carboniferous Period saw the Eastern Highlands of Australia form as a result of its collision with what are now parts of
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Between approximately 2000–1800 Ma, on the northern margin of the Yilgarn Craton, the c. 2000 Ma Narracoota Volcanics of the
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caused extensive uplift, mountain building and basin fragmentation in central Australia at the close of the Neoproterozoic.
155:, with the separation of the continental landmass from the African continent and Indian subcontinent. Australia rifted from
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Veevers JJ. (ed) 2000. Billion-Year Earth History of Australia and Neighbours in Gondwanaland. GEMOC Press, Sydney: 388 p.
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794:. Deep water sediments formed in the Cowra, Tumut and Hillend Troughs. The Yass Molong rise was a row of volcanoes.
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and Pilbara during this rifting, presumably in a rift valley lake where the bottom was deoxygenated (akin to Africa's
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Drexel JF et al. 1993–1995. The geology of South Australia. Geological Survey of South Australia, Bulletin 54 (2 v.)
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Bishop P & Pillans B. (eds) 2010. Australian Landscapes. Geological Society of London Special Publication 346.
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is especially notable as important correlations have been made geologically with the African continental mass and
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Betts PG & Giles D. 2006. The 1800–1100 Ma tectonic evolution of Australia. Precambrian Research 144: 92–125.
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The geologic history of the Australian continental mass is extremely prolonged and involved, continuing from the
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Veevers JJ. 2006. Updated Gondwana (Permian–Cretaceous) earth history of Australia. Gondwana Research 9: 231–260
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saw the majority of Australian tectonism cease. Sparse examples of intraplate volcanism exist, for instance the
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2014:
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McKenzie et al. (ed) 2004. Australian Soils and Landscapes: an illustrated compendium. CSIRO Publishing: 395 p.
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448:, represent the Proterozoic link between the Yilgarn and Gawler cratons, covered by the Proterozoic-Palaeozoic
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Clitheroe G. et al. 2000. The crustal thickness of Australia, Journal Geophysical Research 105: 13,697–13,713.
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sedimentary basins cover much of the Australian landmass (these are up to 7 kilometres or 4.3 miles thick).
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Geological Survey of Western Australia, 1990. Geology and Mineral Resources of Western Australia. Memoir 3.
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505:. To the east the Yerrida and Eerarheedy Basins were passive margins along the Yilgarn's northern margin.
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Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. 2007. Great Barrier Reef Climate Change Action Plan 2007–2011.
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Australian Journal of Earth Sciences. 2008. Thematic Issue – Geochronology of Australia. Volume 55(6/7).
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sandstone was formed in Western Australia from river sands. More Granite was intruded in the Devonian.
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was a tropical savannah to jungle environment, shown by advanced tropical weathering preserved in the
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ophiolite sequences are considered to be of Cambrian age, and are obducted during the Lachlan Orogen.
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2007:
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DeMetts et al. 2010. Geologically current plate motions. Geophysical Journal International 181: 1–80.
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These are in turn flanked by several Proterozoic orogenic belts and sedimentary basins, notably the
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Graham I. (Ed), 2008. A Continent on the Move: New Zealand Geoscience into the 21st Century. 388 p.
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were eroded by the Permian glacial event, resulting in thick marine to fluvial glacial tillite and
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In Western and Central Australia the then-extensive central Australian mountain ranges such as the
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in Australia is dominated by subduction zones on the eastern margin of the landmass, part of the
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van Ufford AQ & Cloos M. 2005. Cenozoic tectonics of New Guinea. AAPG Bulletin 89: 119–140.
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Eerarheedy Basin, via assembly of the Archaean-Proterozoic fold belts of Northern Australia.
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Myers JS. et al. 1996. Tectonic evolution of Proterozoic Australia. Tectonics 15: 1431–1446.
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Birch WD. 2003. Geology of Victoria. Geological Society of Australia Special Publication 23.
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Johnson DP. 2009. The Geology of Australia. Second edition. Cambridge University Press. 360p
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Period most of the Australian continent in the west and centre was dry land. However, from
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The Australian continent evolved in five broad but distinct time periods, namely: 3800–2100
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https://web.archive.org/web/20110602133645/http://www.ga.gov.au/meta/ANZCW0703003727.html
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is partly responsible for the assembly of the West Australian landmass by joining the
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Arc, a calc-alkaline volcanic arc which is related to the Kiandra Group turbidites.
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processes, forming extensive sand dune systems, deep and prolonged development of
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A sketch of the physical structure of Australia: so far as it is at present known
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http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/corp_site/key_issues/climate_change/management_responses
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Laurie J. (ed) 2009. Geological Timewalk, Geoscience Australia, Canberra: 53 p.
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basins, the 1600–1070 Ma Edmund and Collier basins, the 1840–1620 Ma northern
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The current Australian continental mass is composed of a thick subcontinental
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Australia separated from Antarctica over a prolonged period beginning in the
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profiles, and development of playa lakes, salt lakes and ephemeral drainage.
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divergence zone that occurred before the breakup of the Australian and
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shields of recognised Archaean age within the Australian landmass: The
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of South Australia is driven from plate convergence at the boundary in
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Australia as a separate continent began to form after the breakup of
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Blewett, Richard S.; Kennett, Brian L. N.; Huston, David L. (2012).
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These in turn are currently undergoing erosion by a combination of
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Australia's geology can be divided into several main sections: the
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Geoscience Australia. 2001. Palaeogeographic atlas of Australia.
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was related to a minor episode of arc formation, typified by the
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Another notable feature of Carboniferous Australia was a major
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belts of western New South Wales, and accretion of deepwater
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mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the Musgrave Block at ~1080 Ma
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The main continental blocks of the Australian continent are;
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was the first Australian land plant appearing at this time.
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a notable fluvial terrigenous formation of the Jurassic.
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Pirajno, F., Occhipinti, S. A. and Swager, C. P., 1998.
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Map of Australian Mines and Mineral Deposits 1.3Mb PDF
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in the Jurassic, which formed the Gippsland, Bass and
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sedimentary basins, and Phanerozoic metamorphic and
711:geological events in Australia involved Alpinotype
323:The Australian landmass has been part of all major
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598:The Warukurna Large Igneous Province of ~1080 Ma
735:belts of Victoria and eastern New South Wales.
189:granites and gneisses. A thin veneer of mainly
177:The continental crust is composed primarily of
833:The Connors Arc and Baldwin arc formed behind
580:Late Mesoproterozoic igneous events include:
86:Basic geological regions of Australia, by age.
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1573:Clarence-Moreton Basin – Geological Overview
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1412:AUSTRALIA THROUGH TIME: TECTONIC EVOLUTION
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1139:Geology of the Australian Capital Territory
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2008:
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1083:Cretaceous sedimentation continued in the
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577:on King Island and in the Tyennan Block.
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68:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1226:Shaping a Nation: A Geology of Australia
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915:of the basal portions of the long-lived
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31:This article includes a list of general
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398:at the rate of 6–7 centimetres a year.
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696:– begins Cambrian, through to Tertiary
642:Widespread deposition occurred in the
2003:
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1169:Category:Geology of Western Australia
522:Block and complex fold-thrust belts.
394:Australia is currently moving toward
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275:grade metamorphic rocks and granites
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1568:Geology of New South Wales, NSW DTI
650:(Adelaide Rift Complex) during the
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1346:GEOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF AUSTRALIA
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992:Australia began rifting away from
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353:Seismicity map of Australia, USGS.
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1727:Heard Island and McDonald Islands
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1133:See also – by state and territory
1012:breaking all the way down to the
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746:Ordovician orogenies include the
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595:and the Glenayle area at ~1080 Ma
246:, of Archaean to Proterozoic age.
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1288:Cambridge University Press, 2004
1224:. In Blewett, Richard S. (ed.).
989:which is still preserved today.
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1823:Federated States of Micronesia
1707:Australian Antarctic Territory
1556:Late Carboniferous to Triassic
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342:and continuing through to the
235:of Archaean to Proterozoic age
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1531:Geology of Victoria, Vicmines
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1219:"Australia in Time and Space"
1112:volcanoes and basalts of the
1068:volcanism in the offshore of
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977:In the west of Australia the
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94:includes virtually all known
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1536:Neoproterozoic to Ordovician
792:Australian Capital Territory
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1702:Ashmore and Cartier Islands
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1002:Prospect dolerite intrusion
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10:
3000:
1323:AUSTRALIA’S PLATE SETTING
1154:Geology of South Australia
1144:Geology of New South Wales
1016:during development of the
782:the footprints of a giant
2928:
2826:
2696:
2687:
2578:
2569:
2516:
2392:Intelligence and security
2318:
2309:
2277:
2182:
2173:
2108:
2050:
2041:
1914:
1891:
1810:
1740:
1690:
1660:
1617:
871:from as far north as the
837:and Western New England.
719:, resulting in the great
478:Western Australian Events
374:(transmitted through the
215:
1974:Northern Mariana Islands
1401:AUSTRALIAN LITHOSPHERE
1203:
1034:Cattamarra Coal Measures
591:widespread sills in the
429:, ~2400 Ma to 1,600 Ma.
1939:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1717:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1561:Late Jurassic to Recent
909:fossiliferous limestone
52:more precise citations.
2786:Indigenous Australians
2287:States and territories
1315:Precambrian Research,
1192:See also – by industry
1008:was a result of tense
967:Clarence Moreton Basin
513:East Australian Events
467:Narryer Gneiss Terrane
354:
87:
2080:Territorial evolution
1917:and other territories
1175:See also – by feature
1164:Geology of Queensland
739:Victoria – 490–440 Ma
644:Centralian Superbasin
406:There are three main
352:
108:Indo-Australian Plate
85:
2984:Geology of Australia
2526:Cabinet of Australia
2501:Government ministers
2269:World Heritage Sites
2075:European exploration
1752:Australia portal
1693:External territories
1677:Jervis Bay Territory
1663:Mainland territories
1611:Geology of Australia
1516:Geoscience Australia
1286:Geology of Australia
1181:Adelaide Geosyncline
1106:Glasshouse Mountains
1091:Palaeocene to Recent
898:Hunter-Bowen Orogeny
813:Clermont, Queensland
699:Bonaparte Gulf Basin
648:Adelaide Geosyncline
569:The oldest rocks in
296:the plate boundary.
92:geology of Australia
2598:Gross state product
1551:Early Carboniferous
1363:MAPPING AUSTRALIA
1235:10.22459/SN.08.2012
1198:Mining in Australia
1159:Geology of Victoria
1149:Geology of Tasmania
958:Geography of Sydney
828:Bungle Bungle Range
731:exemplified by the
2916:Australian studies
2851:Australian English
2660:Telecommunications
2496:Government leaders
2439:Political ideology
1805:Geology of Oceania
1764:Geology portal
1682:Northern Territory
1074:Whitsunday Islands
1024:continents in the
925:Swan Coastal Plain
923:was formed in the
788:Great Sandy Desert
694:Gascoyne Sub-basin
622:. You can help by
549:. You can help by
355:
134:sedimentary basins
88:
2971:
2970:
2924:
2923:
2746:Human trafficking
2683:
2682:
2565:
2564:
2365:Foreign relations
2305:
2304:
2169:
2168:
2116:Asian Australians
1997:
1996:
1989:Wallis and Futuna
1934:Clipperton Island
1892:Associated states
1772:
1771:
1722:Coral Sea Islands
1652:Western Australia
1263:on 3 October 2016
1245:978-1-921862-82-3
1010:continental crust
851:Sierra de Cordoba
717:Lachlan Fold Belt
678:Lachlan Fold Belt
656:Petermann Orogeny
640:
639:
567:
566:
473:Palaeoproterozoic
434:Glenburgh Orogeny
264:and igneous rocks
228:, of Archaean age
172:continental crust
78:
77:
70:
2991:
2951:
2944:
2937:
2813:Waste management
2694:
2693:
2615:Household income
2576:
2575:
2538:Governor-General
2348:Electoral system
2316:
2315:
2180:
2179:
2048:
2047:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2001:
2000:
1979:Pitcairn Islands
1949:French Polynesia
1929:Christmas Island
1858:Papua New Guinea
1838:Marshall Islands
1811:Sovereign states
1799:
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1748:
1712:Christmas Island
1695:
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1493:(1st ed.),
1299:
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1273:
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1256:. Archived from
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1223:
1214:
905:Petermann Ranges
635:
632:
614:
607:
562:
559:
541:
534:
492:Gascoyne Complex
484:Glenburgh orogen
319:Tectonic setting
315:, respectively.
287:Geologic history
280:Gascoyne Complex
106:situated on the
73:
66:
62:
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53:
48:this article by
39:inline citations
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2766:Life expectancy
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2259:Protected areas
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1993:
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1868:Solomon Islands
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1637:South Australia
1627:New South Wales
1613:
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1512:
1480:
1478:Further reading
1308:
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1302:
1296:
1292:
1284:David Johnson:
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1114:Newer Volcanics
1098:
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975:
929:Lake Tanganyika
886:
881:
843:
804:
780:Murchison River
774:existed. Near
756:
748:Lachlan Orogeny
741:
706:
689:Stansbury basin
669:
664:
636:
630:
627:
620:needs expansion
605:
593:Bangemall Basin
575:Mesoproterozoic
563:
557:
554:
547:needs expansion
532:
530:Mesoproterozoic
515:
480:
475:
442:Pilbara cratons
427:Mesoproterozoic
404:
385:Flinders Ranges
325:supercontinents
321:
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63:
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44:Please help to
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2192:Climate change
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1969:Norfolk Island
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1510:External links
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987:Yilgarn craton
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949:Gunnedah basin
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884:Permo-Triassic
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784:water scorpion
772:sediment basin
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652:Neoproterozoic
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573:formed in the
565:
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1196:
1195:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1178:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1088:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1037:
1035:
1029:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
990:
988:
984:
980:
968:
964:
963:Ipswich basin
961:
959:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
936:
935:
932:
930:
926:
922:
918:
914:
910:
906:
901:
899:
895:
891:
876:
874:
870:
866:
861:
858:
856:
852:
848:
847:South America
841:Carboniferous
838:
836:
831:
829:
823:
821:
819:
818:Baragwanathia
814:
809:
799:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
751:
749:
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736:
734:
730:
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690:
687:
686:
685:
681:
679:
674:
659:
657:
653:
649:
645:
634:
625:
621:
618:This section
616:
613:
609:
608:
597:
594:
590:
587:
586:Giles Complex
583:
582:
581:
578:
576:
572:
561:
552:
548:
545:This section
543:
540:
536:
535:
527:
523:
521:
510:
506:
504:
503:Padbury Basin
500:
495:
493:
487:
485:
468:
465:
464:
463:
460:
458:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
430:
428:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
399:
397:
392:
390:
386:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
351:
347:
345:
341:
336:
334:
330:
326:
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
297:
294:
281:
277:
274:
270:
266:
263:
260:
256:
253:
252:
251:
245:
241:
240:Gawler Craton
237:
234:
230:
227:
223:
222:
221:
213:
211:
207:
203:
199:
194:
192:
188:
184:
180:
175:
173:
169:
164:
162:
158:
154:
150:
145:
143:
142:igneous rocks
139:
135:
131:
128:
124:
121:
111:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
84:
80:
72:
69:
61:
58:February 2008
51:
47:
41:
40:
34:
29:
20:
19:
16:
2949:Bibliography
2836:Architecture
2793:Prostitution
2776:Demographics
2741:Homelessness
2640:Reserve Bank
2454:Conservatism
2402:Constitution
2370:Human rights
2328:Constitution
2279:Subdivisions
2238:
2060:Bibliography
1915:Dependencies
1901:Cook Islands
1817:
1610:
1495:Joseph Jukes
1488:
1485:Joseph Jukes
1465:
1411:
1400:
1362:
1345:
1322:
1316:
1312:
1293:
1285:
1265:. Retrieved
1258:the original
1225:
1212:
1099:
1082:
1078:
1064:
1060:
1039:
1038:
1030:
1014:upper mantle
1006:Sydney Basin
998:Otway Basins
991:
976:
954:Sydney basin
933:
913:half-grabens
902:
887:
873:Hunter River
862:
859:
844:
832:
824:
816:
805:
768:Exmouth Gulf
757:
745:
738:
737:
721:serpentinite
707:
682:
673:Stavely Zone
670:
641:
628:
624:adding to it
619:
579:
568:
555:
551:adding to it
546:
524:
516:
507:
496:
488:
481:
461:
432:Chiefly the
431:
424:
405:
393:
356:
337:
322:
298:
290:
269:Arunta Block
249:
219:
195:
176:
165:
146:
117:
91:
89:
79:
64:
55:
36:
15:
2911:Anglosphere
2751:Immigration
2716:Citizenship
2583:Agriculture
2469:Nationalism
2412:Enforcement
2385:Transgender
2219:Earthquakes
2207:Environment
2141:Immigration
2070:Archaeology
1848:New Zealand
1267:22 December
1085:Perth Basin
1051:Perth Basin
1046:Surat Basin
944:Bowen Basin
939:Perth Basin
917:Perth Basin
855:New Zealand
806:During the
758:During the
499:Bryah Basin
462:See also:
389:New Zealand
360:New Zealand
273:amphibolite
191:Phanerozoic
183:Proterozoic
168:lithosphere
138:Phanerozoic
127:Proterozoic
50:introducing
2901:Television
2871:Literature
2756:Irreligion
2736:Healthcare
2731:Euthanasia
2711:Censorship
2518:Government
2464:Liberalism
2434:Parliament
2146:Indigenous
2136:Federation
2126:Diplomatic
2100:Since 1945
2065:Prehistory
1632:Queensland
1466:DEEP TIME
1319:: 119–140.
1306:References
1070:Queensland
1066:Cretaceous
1057:Cretaceous
994:Antarctica
934:See also:
849:(e.g. the
820:longifolia
709:Ordovician
704:Ordovician
558:March 2008
370:, and the
368:New Guinea
346:(84 Ma).
344:Cretaceous
333:Antarctica
187:Palaeozoic
161:Cretaceous
157:Antarctica
130:fold belts
114:Components
96:rock types
33:references
2808:Squatting
2761:Languages
2726:Education
2706:Aged care
2670:Transport
2479:Socialism
2459:Far-right
2449:Christian
2444:Anarchism
2407:Judiciary
2343:Donations
2338:Elections
2249:Mountains
2197:Continent
2175:Geography
2095:1901–1945
2090:1851–1900
2085:1788–1850
2031:Australia
1818:Australia
1503:Q19025678
1254:955187823
1022:Antarctic
921:Petroleum
766:north to
764:Geraldton
662:Paleozoic
520:Mount Isa
380:Capricorn
364:Indonesia
259:granulite
210:saprolite
185:and some
125:shields,
104:continent
100:Australia
2978:Category
2958:Category
2803:Religion
2701:Abortion
2655:Taxation
2424:Monarchy
2419:Military
2375:Intersex
2311:Politics
2292:Capitals
2156:Monarchy
2151:Military
2131:Economic
2109:By topic
2055:Timeline
2035:articles
1833:Kiribati
1647:Victoria
1642:Tasmania
1546:Devonian
1541:Silurian
1499:Wikidata
1487:(1850),
1447:155–176.
1298:460-481.
1186:Dry Lake
1128:See also
1122:Victoria
1102:Tertiary
1096:Tertiary
1040:See also
1028:epoch.
983:regolith
979:Jurassic
973:Jurassic
894:Triassic
879:Mesozoic
869:Gelisols
808:Devonian
802:Devonian
776:Kalbarri
760:Silurian
754:Silurian
667:Cambrian
631:May 2012
571:Tasmania
418:and the
408:cratonic
402:Archaean
372:Himalaya
329:Gondwana
293:Archaean
206:laterite
179:Archaean
149:Gondwana
123:cratonic
120:Archaean
2935:Outline
2906:Theatre
2896:Symbols
2861:Cuisine
2828:Culture
2689:Society
2665:Tourism
2635:Poverty
2571:Economy
2353:Parties
2254:Regions
2244:Islands
2239:Geology
2234:Forests
2202:Deserts
2187:Climate
2161:Railway
2043:History
1984:Tokelau
1883:Vanuatu
1004:in the
985:of the
931:today)
890:Permian
875:basin.
865:ice age
796:Granite
778:on the
725:molasse
715:in the
713:orogeny
454:Amadeus
450:Officer
438:Yilgarn
416:Pilbara
412:Yilgarn
396:Eurasia
340:Permian
309:Rodinia
202:fluvial
198:aeolian
159:in the
153:Permian
151:in the
46:improve
2963:Portal
2856:Cinema
2798:Racism
2771:People
2630:Mining
2593:Energy
2588:Dollar
2333:Courts
2323:Asylum
2297:Cities
2264:Rivers
2212:issues
2033:
1959:Hawaii
1878:Tuvalu
1619:States
1501:
1252:
1242:
1026:Eocene
853:) and
835:Mackay
729:flysch
654:. The
457:basins
420:Gawler
414:, the
376:Indian
313:Pangea
262:gneiss
216:Blocks
35:, but
2942:Index
2891:Sport
2886:Radio
2876:Music
2866:Dance
2818:Women
2721:Crime
2625:Media
2491:Women
2229:Fauna
2224:Flora
1873:Tonga
1863:Samoa
1853:Palau
1843:Nauru
1261:(PDF)
1222:(PDF)
1204:Notes
733:slate
102:is a
2846:Arts
2555:list
2543:list
2531:list
2380:LGBT
1954:Guam
1906:Niue
1828:Fiji
1269:2021
1250:OCLC
1240:ISBN
1120:and
1110:maar
1100:The
1018:rift
956:and
888:The
826:The
727:and
671:The
646:and
584:the
452:and
440:and
378:and
366:and
311:and
305:Nuna
278:The
267:The
242:and
238:The
231:The
224:The
208:and
200:and
132:and
90:The
2841:Art
2397:Law
1230:doi
1116:in
892:to
815:.
626:.
553:.
358:in
271:of
257:of
2980::
1497:,
1317:90
1277:^
1248:.
1238:.
1124:.
1087:.
919:.
857:.
750:.
486:.
459:.
391:.
362:,
335:.
307:,
301:Ma
181:,
163:.
144:.
136:,
110:.
2023:e
2016:t
2009:v
1798:e
1791:t
1784:v
1603:e
1596:t
1589:v
1271:.
1232::
965:/
633:)
629:(
560:)
556:(
71:)
65:(
60:)
56:(
42:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
