173:
118:
830:
132:
506:
601:
950:
on 28 May. On 30 May and 31, the expedition made contact with Korean officials, who rebuffed
American offers to negotiate, noting that their government "was not the least interested in a trade treaty". Two days later on June 1, the expedition was ambushed by Korean troops as it was sailing up the
583:
Foreign merchants who attempted to travel to Korea for trade were rebuffed by local officials, though the Korean government attempted to maintain friendly relations with
Western powers. Meanwhile, the United States was attempting to expand its influence in Asia, and in 1854 forced the
563:
missionaries travel to the region to proselytize, which led them into conflict with various Asian governments over the tensions caused by the introduction of
Christianity. In China, the activities of Western missionaries indirectly led to the
816:
abandoned the ship but were killed by enraged civilian onlookers on the shore. The death of Thomas, which supposedly occurred while attempting to hand a Bible to his killer, was later portrayed as an act of martyrdom. The cannons of the
803:
After the first attack failed, the
Koreans then roped together three small boats loaded with firewood, saltpeter, and sulfur, lighting them on fire, and sent them drifting towards the General Sherman. Though the first trio of
959:, the American expedition attacked and occupied a series of Korean forts. Though the U.S. had emerged militarily victorious, the Korean government maintained its isolationist stance, which would only be ended in the
1737:
265:
761:
took the occupants of the junk hostage. Bak attempted to negotiate for their release, with the crew responding by demanding a ransom of rice, gold, silver, and ginseng for the release of the hostages.
935:
claimed that the expedition would produce a "Detailed
Account of the Treacherous Attack of the Coreans on Our Launches" and deliver "Speedy and Effective Punishment of the Barbarians".
1220:
Griffis, W. (2015). Corea, the Hermit Nation (Cambridge
Library Collection - East and South-East Asian History). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9781316134443
258:
493:. After being ambushed, the expeditionary force captured and occupied several Korean forts after a brief battle. The Korean government eventually ended its isolationism in the
419:
before sailing up the
Taedong River. Korean officials informed the ship's captain that he was not allowed to trade in Korea; these instructions were ignored. Eventually,
1687:
796:, which was protected by metal sheeting and cowhides and equipped with a concealed cannon. However, the turtle ship's cannon proved unable to penetrate the armor of the
576:
initiated a series of persecutions of Korean
Christians in 1866 in which 8,000 were killed, including several French missionaries. In response, the French dispatched an
251:
693:
848:, as Korean officials refrained from informing their American counterparts of what had happened. This was in part due to the Korean government believing that the
613:
361:
206:
764:
A crowd of civilian onlookers, which had gathered near the stranded merchantman, grew so angered by the unfolding situation that they began attacking the
1184:
884:
773:
712:
to Korean villagers. Korean officials repeatedly informed Page that the ship was not allowed to trade in Korea, which were ignored by the crew.
745:
on the river when the tide receded, having misjudged the depth of the river due to a temporary rain swell. On August 27, the crew dispatched a
1727:
1299:
1159:
Intrepid
Americans: Bold Koreans-Early Korean Trade, Concessions, and Entrepreneurship: Early Korean Trade, Concessions, and Entrepreneurship
1344:
852:
was a
British or French ship, and also over concerns that informing the U.S. government would lead to a punitive expedition or a demand for
1284:
754:
572:
revolted against the Qing government. In response to these developments and what Joseon royalty perceived as a subversive religion, regent
466:
responded by firing its cannons against the civilians onshore. The Koreans then dispatched troops and an improvised warship to destroy the
162:
1722:
955:, with the Americans repulsing the ambushing forces. After failing to receive an apology and receiving confirmation of the fate of the
1266:
1157:
1712:
1375:
1017:
841:
482:
1132:
1196:
860:
officials conducted investigations in Korea in 1867 and 1868, though Korean officials evaded their questions concerning the
1742:
485:
of the incident and evaded inquiries from American officials. Five years later in 1871, the United States dispatched a
1335:
1326:
1692:
1317:
1167:
896:
876:
486:
298:
95:
36:
1044:"Traditional Korean islanders encounters with the British navy in the 1880s: The Port Hamilton Affair of 1885–1887"
637:
George Hogarth and thirteen Asian crew-members, which included Chinese sailor and interpreter Chao Ling Feng, two
380:
during the 19th century, Asian nations came under increasing pressure to end their isolationist policies. Despite
1489:
1239:
960:
494:
544:
invasions. These policies remained in place during the 19th century, a period which saw the rapid increase in
1707:
1368:
1501:
1453:
481:
jumped off the ship and were killed by enraged civilians on the shore. Korean officials did not inform the
1732:
545:
377:
1702:
1660:
1653:
1385:
865:
577:
510:
323:
293:
1717:
1697:
821:
were salvaged by the Korean government, which celebrated its successful resolution of the incident.
1361:
895:
and negotiate a treaty with the Korean government which would open up Korea to foreign trade. The
537:
1531:
328:
308:
788:
with orders to destroy the stranded merchantman. The Koreans initially attempted to destroy the
541:
1682:
658:
458:
attempted to negotiate for his release, while a crew of civilian onlookers gathered around the
318:
1525:
1232:
The Last Phase of the East Asian World Order: Korea, Japan, and the Chinese Empire, 1860–1882
670:
1353:
1569:
1405:
1055:
8:
1582:
1308:
972:
918:
900:
781:
738:
to inform the crew that if they did not leave they would be killed. In the meantime, the
724:
573:
432:
420:
243:
152:
1059:
369:
during an unsuccessful and illegal attempt by the ship's crew to open up trade with the
1634:
1133:"TWE Remembers: The Korean Expedition of 1871 and the Battle of Ganghwa (Shinmiyangyo)"
1108:
912:
857:
853:
585:
385:
592:. American merchants hoped that a similar process could lead to the opening of Korea.
1608:
1245:
1235:
1192:
1163:
1073:
952:
906:
689:
565:
447:
to inform the crew that if they did not leave Korean waters they would be executed.
412:
302:
1621:
1595:
1441:
1429:
1417:
1100:
1063:
977:
924:
888:
732:
440:
178:
1275:
784:, killing seven. On September 2, Daewongun dispatched Korean troops equipped with
1556:
1477:
350:
1068:
1043:
947:
931:
728:
650:
638:
529:
436:
1271:, Congressional Research Service report RL30172 Naval Historical Center, 2004.
1676:
1091:
Paullin, Charles Oscar (1910). "The Opening of Korea by Commodore Shufeldt".
1077:
880:
812:, the third wave set the merchantman on fire. The crew and passengers of the
705:
662:
525:
389:
366:
137:
71:
1249:
569:
560:
553:
533:
381:
370:
621:
businessman W. B. Preston, made plans to travel to Korea. The crew of the
454:
to forage, which took Korean official Yi Hyon-ik hostage. Korean diplomat
1513:
829:
793:
750:
742:
720:
654:
428:
313:
195:
1234:. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 205–209, 228, 231.
1465:
1112:
634:
630:
611:
Determined to force the Korean government to end its isolationism, the
549:
834:
805:
785:
735:
666:
605:
589:
524:
since 1392. During the period of Joseon control, Korea, known in the
471:
455:
444:
200:
157:
75:
1738:
Naval engagements of the Korean Conflict involving the United States
1104:
939:
704:
before departing for Korean waters on August 9, 1866. Entering the
642:
708:
on August 16, the crew made frequent stops for Thomas to hand out
676:
Prior to travelling to Korea, the ship's crew purchased stocks of
1268:
Instances of Use of United States Armed Forces Abroad 1798 – 2004
943:
697:
681:
646:
626:
416:
404:
505:
769:
746:
701:
685:
677:
618:
521:
451:
408:
400:
373:
123:
600:
1383:
800:, and return fire killed a crewmember of the Korean warship.
709:
517:
359:) was the destruction in 1866 of the American merchant ship
719:
and its voyage, Daewongun believed the merchantman to be a
273:
891:
of the U.S. Navy to investigate the disappearance of the
833:
A monument commemorating the General Sherman incident in
1018:"In 1871, America 'Invaded' Korea. Here's What Happened"
470:, but these efforts were repulsed. Eventually, waves of
1286:
Assault from the Sea — The Amphibious Landing at Inchon
776:
commandeered a dinghy and rescued Yi. In response, the
808:
missed their target and a second wave bounced off the
1688:19th-century military history of the United States
450:The crew of the General Sherman then dispatched a
780:began bombarding the civilian onlookers with its
657:(who were possibly former soldiers in service of
1674:
1277:History of United States Naval Operations: Korea
1289:The U.S. Navy in the Modern World Series No. 2.
51:9 August – 2 September 1866
772:rockets. In the ensuing chaos, Korean soldier
1369:
1340:Incident of 1866 and Rev. Thomas' Martyrdom."
1216:
1214:
1126:
1124:
1122:
259:
1011:
1009:
1007:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
462:, attacking the merchant ship in anger. The
354:
1331:Incident of 1866 and Rev. Thomas' Martyrdom
1376:
1362:
1211:
1119:
388:being forcibly opened to foreign trade by
266:
252:
1386:Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in 1866
1229:
1067:
990:
559:Increasing Western influence in Asia saw
828:
757:, a subordinate of Bak. The crew of the
599:
580:, which reaffirmed Korean isolationism.
504:
299:United States expedition to Korea (1871)
1130:
1090:
489:, in part to ascertain the fate of the
114:
1675:
1189:Past Forward: Essays in Korean History
1185:"The General Sherman Incident of 1866"
1015:
946:a week later before setting anchor at
749:to forage, which was intercepted by a
617:, an armed merchant schooner owned by
324:Donghak Peasant Revolution (1894–1895)
275:Foreign interventions in Korea (1800s)
16:1866 destruction of a US ship in Korea
1357:
1182:
1048:Journal of Marine and Island Cultures
1041:
1016:Roblin, Sebastien (18 January 2018).
392:, Korea maintained its isolationism.
247:
1728:Maritime incidents in September 1866
844:remained unaware of the fate of the
329:First Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895)
13:
1259:
1191:, Anthem Press, pp. 170–171,
1131:Lindsay, James M. (10 June 2013).
520:had been under the control of the
319:Port Hamilton incident (1885–1887)
14:
1754:
1293:
1223:
1042:Royle, Stephen A. (1 June 2016).
899:consisted of five ships: frigate
731:in Korea. He ordered governor of
633:Wilson (both Americans), English
294:French expedition to Korea (1866)
1713:International maritime incidents
856:from the United States. Several
578:unsuccessful expedition to Korea
171:
130:
116:
1183:Hwang, Kyung Moon, ed. (2019),
885:United States Minister to China
715:After receiving reports of the
1176:
1162:. iUniverse. 21 October 2005.
1150:
1084:
1035:
792:by constructing an improvised
355:
309:Ganghwa Island incident (1875)
1:
1723:Korea–United States relations
984:
938:The expedition departed from
568:, as Christian rebels led by
500:
474:set the merchantman on fire.
376:. With the rapid increase in
824:
552:which led to the opening of
487:military expedition to Korea
34:Part of events prior to the
7:
1349:(1864–1865, "Tinclad" # 60)
1300:The Hermit Kingdom and the
1093:Political Science Quarterly
966:
595:
590:open Japan to foreign trade
546:Western imperialism in Asia
378:Western imperialism in Asia
10:
1759:
1280:– Naval Historical Center.
1069:10.1016/j.imic.2016.05.001
961:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876
866:French expedition to Korea
729:deaths of Catholic priests
692:from British trading firm
511:French expedition to Korea
495:Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876
437:deaths of Catholic priests
90:destroyed and crew killed
1743:Ships lost with all hands
1648:
1544:
1393:
1322:a US Marine Merchant ship
768:with arrows, stones, and
753:carrying Korean official
281:
237:
213:
188:
143:
108:
43:
33:
25:
1693:Battles involving Joseon
980:, similar event in Japan
840:After the incident, the
661:). Also on board were a
536:policies in response to
1230:Key-Hiuk., Kim (1980).
942:on 16 May, arriving at
864:. In the meantime, the
694:Messrs. Meadows and Co.
532:", had adopted several
509:An illustration of the
374:Joseon dynasty of Korea
1336:Some Comments on "The
837:
659:Henry Andres Burgevine
608:
513:
221:6 fire ships destroyed
144:Commanders and leaders
1274:James A. Field, Jr.,
1265:Richard F. Grimmett,
1137:The National Interest
1022:The National Interest
877:U.S. State Department
832:
671:Robert Jermain Thomas
645:and ten sailors from
603:
508:
214:Casualties and losses
1708:Diplomatic incidents
782:twelve-pound cannons
399:purchased stocks of
230:1 schooner destroyed
1060:2016JMICu...5...22R
973:USS Pueblo (AGER-2)
669:, Welsh missionary
586:Japanese government
574:Heungseon Daewongun
1733:Massacres in Korea
838:
614:SS General Sherman
609:
556:to foreign trade.
514:
439:in Korea, ordered
362:SS General Sherman
314:Gapsin Coup (1884)
238:7 civilians killed
207:SS General Sherman
177:Captain Page
98:dispatched in 1871
1703:Conflicts in 1866
1670:
1669:
1198:978-1-78308-880-5
868:overshadowed the
700:and travelled to
566:Taiping Rebellion
337:
336:
303:Battle of Ganghwa
242:
241:
104:
103:
96:Korean Expedition
37:Korean Expedition
1750:
1718:July 1866 events
1698:Combat incidents
1663:
1656:
1640:
1633:
1627:
1620:
1614:
1607:
1601:
1594:
1588:
1581:
1575:
1568:
1562:
1555:
1536:
1524:
1518:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1404:
1388:
1378:
1371:
1364:
1355:
1354:
1254:
1253:
1227:
1221:
1218:
1209:
1208:
1207:
1205:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1128:
1117:
1116:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1071:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1013:
978:Perry Expedition
889:Asiatic Squadron
725:punitive mission
548:, including the
477:The crew of the
441:Pyongan Province
433:punitive mission
423:, believing the
421:regent Daewongun
358:
357:
276:
268:
261:
254:
245:
244:
183:
176:
175:
174:
153:Regent Daewongun
136:
134:
133:
126:
122:
120:
119:
62:
60:
56:
45:
44:
39:
23:
22:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1747:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1659:
1652:
1644:
1643:
1631:
1630:
1618:
1617:
1605:
1604:
1592:
1591:
1585:General Sherman
1579:
1578:
1566:
1565:
1553:
1552:
1545:Other incidents
1540:
1539:
1522:
1521:
1510:
1509:
1498:
1497:
1486:
1485:
1474:
1473:
1462:
1461:
1450:
1449:
1438:
1437:
1426:
1425:
1414:
1413:
1402:
1401:
1389:
1384:
1382:
1347:General Sherman
1338:General Sherman
1329:General Sherman
1320:General Sherman
1311:General Sherman
1302:General Sherman
1296:
1283:Curtis A. Utz,
1262:
1260:Further reading
1257:
1242:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1212:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1181:
1177:
1170:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1141:
1139:
1129:
1120:
1105:10.2307/2141171
1089:
1085:
1040:
1036:
1026:
1024:
1014:
991:
987:
969:
957:General Sherman
893:General Sherman
870:General Sherman
862:General Sherman
850:General Sherman
846:General Sherman
842:U.S. government
827:
819:General Sherman
814:General Sherman
810:General Sherman
798:General Sherman
790:General Sherman
778:General Sherman
766:General Sherman
759:General Sherman
740:General Sherman
717:General Sherman
678:cotton textiles
623:General Sherman
598:
518:region of Korea
503:
491:General Sherman
483:U.S. government
479:General Sherman
468:General Sherman
464:General Sherman
460:General Sherman
425:General Sherman
401:cotton textiles
397:General Sherman
345:General Sherman
340:
339:
338:
333:
289:incident (1866)
287:General Sherman
277:
274:
272:
233:
220:
198:
179:
172:
170:
167:
131:
129:
117:
115:
91:
88:General Sherman
78:
58:
54:
52:
35:
27:General Sherman
17:
12:
11:
5:
1756:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1657:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1628:
1615:
1602:
1589:
1576:
1563:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1519:
1507:
1495:
1483:
1471:
1459:
1447:
1435:
1423:
1411:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1391:
1390:
1381:
1380:
1373:
1366:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1342:
1333:
1324:
1315:
1306:
1295:
1294:External links
1292:
1291:
1290:
1281:
1272:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1240:
1222:
1210:
1197:
1175:
1168:
1149:
1118:
1099:(3): 470–499.
1083:
1034:
988:
986:
983:
982:
981:
975:
968:
965:
948:Ganghwa Island
932:New York Times
887:alongside the
826:
823:
774:Park Chong-wun
727:to avenge the
604:A painting of
597:
594:
530:Hermit Kingdom
522:Joseon dynasty
502:
499:
435:to avenge the
390:Western powers
335:
334:
332:
331:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
296:
291:
282:
279:
278:
271:
270:
263:
256:
248:
240:
239:
235:
234:
232:
231:
228:
224:
222:
216:
215:
211:
210:
203:
191:
190:
189:Units involved
186:
185:
168:
166:
165:
160:
155:
149:
146:
145:
141:
140:
127:
111:
110:
106:
105:
102:
101:
100:
99:
84:
80:
79:
70:
68:
64:
63:
49:
41:
40:
31:
30:
21:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1755:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1683:1866 in Korea
1681:
1680:
1678:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1639:
1638:
1629:
1626:
1625:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1551:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1535:
1534:
1533:Shooting Star
1529:
1528:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1460:
1457:
1456:
1455:General Grant
1448:
1445:
1444:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1400:
1399:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1350:
1348:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1298:
1297:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1263:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1237:
1233:
1226:
1217:
1215:
1200:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1179:
1171:
1169:9780595814701
1165:
1161:
1160:
1153:
1138:
1134:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1087:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1038:
1023:
1019:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
989:
979:
976:
974:
971:
970:
964:
962:
958:
954:
949:
945:
941:
936:
934:
933:
928:
927:
922:
921:
917:and gunboats
916:
915:
910:
909:
904:
903:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
881:Frederick Low
878:
875:In 1871, the
873:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
836:
831:
822:
820:
815:
811:
807:
801:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
762:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
741:
737:
734:
730:
726:
723:warship on a
722:
718:
713:
711:
707:
706:Taedong River
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
674:
673:and Preston.
672:
668:
664:
663:money changer
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
625:consisted of
624:
620:
616:
615:
607:
602:
593:
591:
587:
581:
579:
575:
571:
567:
562:
557:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
512:
507:
498:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
475:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
448:
446:
442:
438:
434:
431:warship on a
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
372:
368:
367:Taedong River
364:
363:
352:
348:
346:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
304:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
288:
284:
283:
280:
269:
264:
262:
257:
255:
250:
249:
246:
236:
229:
226:
225:
223:
218:
217:
212:
209:
208:
204:
202:
197:
193:
192:
187:
184:
182:
169:
164:
161:
159:
156:
154:
151:
150:
148:
147:
142:
139:
138:United States
128:
125:
113:
112:
107:
97:
94:
93:
92:
89:
85:
82:
81:
77:
73:
72:Taedong River
69:
66:
65:
50:
47:
46:
42:
38:
32:
28:
24:
19:
1636:
1623:
1610:
1597:
1584:
1571:
1558:
1532:
1526:
1514:
1502:
1490:
1478:
1466:
1454:
1442:
1430:
1418:
1406:
1346:
1337:
1328:
1319:
1310:
1301:
1285:
1276:
1267:
1231:
1225:
1202:, retrieved
1188:
1178:
1158:
1152:
1140:. Retrieved
1136:
1096:
1092:
1086:
1054:(1): 22–27.
1051:
1047:
1037:
1025:. Retrieved
1021:
956:
937:
930:
925:
919:
913:
907:
901:
892:
874:
869:
861:
849:
845:
839:
818:
813:
809:
802:
797:
789:
777:
765:
763:
758:
739:
716:
714:
675:
622:
612:
610:
582:
570:Hong Xiuquan
558:
534:isolationist
515:
490:
478:
476:
467:
463:
459:
449:
424:
396:
394:
371:isolationist
360:
344:
343:
341:
286:
285:
205:
180:
109:Belligerents
87:
86:
26:
18:
1503:Affondatore
1491:Re d'Italia
1318:Sinking of
879:dispatched
854:reparations
794:turtle ship
743:ran aground
721:French Navy
655:South China
429:French Navy
353::
196:turtle ship
1677:Categories
1394:Shipwrecks
1241:0520035569
985:References
897:expedition
872:incident.
806:fire ships
786:matchlocks
755:Yi Hyon-ik
635:supercargo
631:Chief Mate
554:Qing China
550:Opium Wars
501:Background
472:fire ships
201:fire ships
163:Yi Hyon-ik
59:1866-09-02
55:1866-08-09
1635:HMS
1622:HMS
1609:HMS
1596:HMS
1583:USS
1572:Belleisle
1570:HMS
1557:HMS
1407:Narcissus
1078:2212-6821
953:Han River
905:, sloops
858:U.S. Navy
835:Pyongyang
825:Aftermath
736:Bak Gyusu
690:glassware
667:Guangzhou
629:Page and
606:Bak Gyusu
561:Christian
456:Bak Gyusu
445:Bak Gyusu
443:governor
413:glassware
356:제너럴셔먼호 사건
227:19 killed
219:1 killed
158:Bak Gyusu
76:Pyongyang
1515:Millbank
1511:24. Nov:
1479:Netherby
1313:Incident
1304:Incident
1204:15 April
1027:14 April
967:See also
940:Nagasaki
920:Monocacy
902:Colorado
643:Shandong
596:Incident
542:Japanese
528:as the "
427:to be a
347:incident
67:Location
57: –
29:incident
1637:Orontes
1632:14 Dec:
1619:13 Dec:
1593:12 Aug:
1554:29 May:
1487:20 Jul:
1475:14 Jul:
1467:Cawarra
1463:12 Jul:
1451:14 May:
1431:Libelle
1415:11 Jan:
1250:6114963
1142:24 July
1113:2141171
1056:Bibcode
944:Incheon
914:Benicia
733:Pyongan
698:Tianjin
686:mirrors
682:tinware
647:Beijing
627:Captain
538:Chinese
417:Tianjin
409:mirrors
405:tinware
365:in the
181:†
53: (
1661:1867 →
1654:← 1865
1611:Nimble
1606:1 Oct:
1499:6 Aug:
1443:Hornet
1439:3 May:
1427:4 Mar:
1419:London
1403:4 Jan:
1248:
1238:
1195:
1166:
1111:
1076:
929:. The
908:Alaska
883:, the
770:Hwacha
747:dinghy
710:Bibles
702:Yantai
651:Malaya
639:pilots
619:Boston
452:dinghy
351:Korean
135:
121:
83:Result
1624:Tamar
1598:Scout
1109:JSTOR
926:Palos
665:from
641:from
415:from
386:Japan
382:China
124:Korea
1580:Jul:
1567:Jun:
1559:Fawn
1527:Jane
1523:Unk:
1345:USS
1327:The
1309:USS
1246:OCLC
1236:ISBN
1206:2021
1193:ISBN
1164:ISBN
1144:2021
1074:ISSN
1029:2021
923:and
911:and
751:junk
688:and
653:and
540:and
526:West
516:The
411:and
395:The
384:and
342:The
48:Date
1101:doi
1064:doi
696:in
588:to
1679::
1530:,
1244:.
1213:^
1187:,
1135:.
1121:^
1107:.
1097:25
1095:.
1072:.
1062:.
1050:.
1046:.
1020:.
992:^
963:.
684:,
680:,
649:,
497:.
407:,
403:,
199:9
194:1
74:,
1377:e
1370:t
1363:v
1252:.
1172:.
1146:.
1115:.
1103::
1080:.
1066::
1058::
1052:5
1031:.
349:(
305:)
301:(
267:e
260:t
253:v
61:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.