1406:
1055:
385:
1392:
1068:
234:
formulation of general relativity are presented in
Chapters 2 and 3 while more advanced techniques are discussed in Appendices A to C. Wald believes that this is the best way forward because putting all the mathematical techniques at the beginning of the book would prove to be a major obstruction for students while developing these mathematical tools as they get used would mean they are too scattered to be useful. While the
1376:
Wald's text is entirely based. Its style is uniformly clear and economic, if too brief at times. Topics that deserve more attention include gravitational radiation and cosmology. However, this book can be supplemented by those by Misner, Thorne, and
Wheeler, and by Weinberg. Smolin was teaching a course on general relativity to undergraduates as well as graduate students at
27:
1375:
bridges the gap between the presentation of the material in older textbooks and the literature. For example, while the early pioneers of the subject, including
Einstein himself, employed coordinate-based methods, researchers since the mid-1960s have switched to coordinate-free formulations, of which
205:
First published by the
University of Chicago Press in 1984, the book, a tome of almost 500 pages, covers many aspects of the general theory of relativity. It is divided into two parts. Part I covers the fundamentals of the subject and Part II the more advanced topics such as causal structure, and
1307:, this textbook offers good physics intuition. However, the author did not use the most modern mathematical methods available, and his treatment of cosmology is now outdated. Finley believes that the abstract index notation is difficult to learn, though convenient for those who have mastered it.
233:
It is aimed at beginning graduate students and researchers. To this end, most of the materials in Part I is geared towards an introductory course on the subject while Part II covers a wide range of advanced topics for a second term or further study. The essential mathematical methods for the
1365:, are handled well while empirical tests of Einstein's theory are barely scratched and the treatment of advanced topics, including cosmology, is just too brief to be useful to students. Due to its heavy use of higher mathematics, it may not be suitable for an introductory course.
1318:
is a sophisticated yet concise book on the subject that should be appealing to the mathematically inclined, as a high level of rigor is maintained throughout the book. However, he believed the material on linearized gravity is too short, and recommended
1356:
provides a modern introduction to the subject with emphasis on tensor and topological methods and offers some "sharp insights." However, its quality is very variable. Topics such as geodetic motion in the
Schwarzschild metric, the
456:
238:
is often presented in conjunction with the initial-value formulation, Wald's coverage of the latter is independent of the former, which is thus relegated to the appendix, alongside the
826:
308:
272:
359:
335:
1099:
478:
1171:
391:
683:
1036:
1237:
1215:
846:
688:
215:
1092:
801:
714:
548:
1291:
753:
1440:
310:
because it is easier to treat spinors this way. Moreover, this is the most common sign convention used in the literature.
1489:. Daniel Finley. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico. April 1, 2018. Accessed January 18, 2019.
1085:
1735:
1716:
1698:
465:
1558:
1530:
1276:
1268:
491:
134:
1448:
1380:
using this book and felt satisfied with the results. He also found it useful as a reference to refresh his memory.
1358:
1349:
1405:
1054:
771:
384:
1781:
1501:
678:
88:
1432:
765:
473:
811:
1776:
831:
190:
156:
1766:
1751:
1072:
563:
483:
1771:
1419:
976:
524:
1165:
776:
588:
277:
for reasons of technical convenience. However, there is one important exception. In
Chapter 13 â and
1304:
1231:
1134:
1011:
1001:
851:
668:
996:
730:
314:
207:
1334:
1146:
966:
951:
796:
558:
338:
941:
509:
235:
274:
1723:
1626:
1587:
1486:
1225:
761:
239:
284:
248:
8:
1177:
956:
926:
921:
673:
1630:
1591:
936:
906:
1665:
1424:
1321:
1006:
891:
816:
663:
568:
553:
514:
376:
344:
320:
219:
70:
1508:
et al. University of
California, Riverside. September 1998. Accessed January 18, 2019.
365:
in vacuum) are set equal to one, except when predictions that can be tested are made.
1731:
1712:
1694:
1554:
1526:
1326:
1287:
1272:
1264:
1211:
1205:
836:
611:
227:
141:
129:
886:
1634:
1595:
961:
916:
896:
841:
167:
60:
981:
50:
1686:
1377:
1362:
1342:
1016:
991:
876:
871:
735:
616:
578:
223:
186:
786:
1411:
1221:
1059:
1026:
1021:
709:
573:
362:
1760:
1311:
986:
901:
881:
806:
704:
583:
946:
26:
1704:
1505:
1397:
1125:
931:
911:
1183:
821:
791:
194:
148:
40:
1669:
1391:
1368:
1330:
1031:
593:
519:
451:{\displaystyle G_{\mu \nu }+\Lambda g_{\mu \nu }={\kappa }T_{\mu \nu }}
1599:
1140:
1121:
602:
1638:
971:
781:
621:
1189:
211:
1709:
A Relativist's
Toolkit, The Mathematics of Black-Hole Mechanics.
1348:
Hans C. Ohanian, who taught and researched gravitation at the
1238:
Lagrangian and
Hamiltonian Formulations of Einstein's Equation
1691:
Spacetime and
Geometry: An Introduction to General Relativity
142:
1664:(1). Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Honor Society: 82.
1194:
Chapter 14: Quantum Effects in Strong Gravitational Fields
168:
1625:(9). Association of American Physics Teachers: 923â4.
394:
347:
323:
287:
251:
1387:
281:
in Chapter 13 â, the sign convention is switched to
1487:
A Listing of Technical Books for General Relativity
1158:Chapter 7: Methods for Solving Einstein's Equation
450:
353:
329:
302:
266:
1549:Wald, Robert (1984). "Notation and Conventions".
1758:
1728:Gravity: Newtonian, Post-Newtonian, Relativistic
1303:According to Daniel Finley, a professor at the
1093:
1752:Official University of Chicago Press website
317:, meaning the fundamental natural constants
1722:
1586:(5). American Institute of Physics: 94â95.
1100:
1086:
25:
1544:
1542:
218:, the initial-value formulation, (exact)
1553:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
1525:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
1482:
1480:
185:is a graduate textbook and reference on
16:1984 graduate textbook by Robert M. Wald
1612:
193:written by the gravitational physicist
1759:
1652:Smolin, Lee (JanuaryâFebruary 1986). "
1651:
1539:
1477:
1286:. University of Chicago Press, 2010.
1263:. University of Chicago Press, 1984.
1573:
1548:
1520:
1516:
1514:
1497:
1495:
1474:. University of Chicago Press, 1984.
368:
1420:List of books on general relativity
206:quantum effects. The book uses the
13:
1680:
1363:energy extraction from black holes
1139:Chapter 5: Homogeneous, Isotropic
411:
14:
1793:
1745:
1613:Ohanian, Hans (September 1985). "
1511:
1492:
230:, and black-hole thermodynamics.
216:variational-principle formulation
1521:Wald, Robert (1984). "Preface".
1404:
1390:
1350:Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
1067:
1066:
1053:
383:
89:The University of Chicago Press
1730:. Cambridge University Press.
1645:
1606:
1567:
1464:
1434:Einstein Gravity in a Nutshell
1:
1457:
1298:
1711:Cambridge University Press.
191:general theory of relativity
7:
1619:American Journal of Physics
1502:A Guide to Relativity Books
1383:
1253:
1161:Chapter 8: Causal Structure
564:Gravitational time dilation
200:
10:
1798:
684:MathissonâPapapetrouâDixon
525:Pseudo-Riemannian manifold
1574:York, James (May 1987). "
1450:Classical Electrodynamics
1339:Gravitation and Cosmology
1232:Conformal Transformations
1172:Initial Value Formulation
214:. It treats spinors, the
166:
154:
140:
128:
120:
112:
104:
94:
84:
76:
66:
56:
46:
36:
24:
1726:; Poisson, Eric (2014).
1305:University of New Mexico
1242:F. Units and Dimensions.
1154:Part II: Advanced Topics
689:HamiltonâJacobiâEinstein
669:Einstein field equations
492:Mathematical formulation
108:United States of America
1117:Chapter 1: Introduction
208:abstract index notation
1782:1984 non-fiction books
1335:John Archibald Wheeler
1310:Theoretical physicist
1220:C. Maps of Manifolds,
1147:Schwarzschild Solution
559:Gravitational redshift
452:
355:
339:gravitational constant
331:
313:Most of the book uses
304:
268:
847:WeylâLewisâPapapetrou
802:KerrâNewmanâde Sitter
622:EinsteinâRosen bridge
554:Gravitational lensing
510:Equivalence principle
453:
356:
332:
305:
269:
236:Hamiltonian formalism
1130:Chapter 3: Curvature
1113:Part I: Fundamentals
777:EinsteinâRosen waves
503:Fundamental concepts
392:
345:
321:
303:{\displaystyle +---}
285:
267:{\displaystyle -+++}
249:
240:Lagrangian formalism
1777:Relativity articles
1631:1985AmJPh..53..923W
1592:1987PhT....40e..94W
1442:Classical Mechanics
1216:Frobenius's Theorem
1214:, Integration, and
1178:Asymptotic Flatness
1135:Einstein's Equation
731:KaluzaâKlein theory
617:Minkowski spacetime
569:Gravitational waves
245:This book uses the
220:gravitational waves
21:
20:General Relativity
1767:General relativity
1693:. Addison Wesley.
1658:American Scientist
1654:General Relativity
1615:General Relativity
1576:General Relativity
1551:General Relativity
1523:General Relativity
1472:General Relativity
1373:General Relativity
1359:Krushkal extension
1354:General Relativity
1316:General Relativity
1284:General Relativity
1261:General Relativity
1212:Differential Forms
1206:Topological Spaces
1060:Physics portal
832:OppenheimerâSnyder
772:ReissnerâNordström
664:Linearized gravity
612:Spacetime diagrams
515:Special relativity
448:
377:General relativity
363:the speed of light
351:
327:
300:
264:
182:General Relativity
71:General relativity
19:
1772:Physics textbooks
1724:Will, Clifford M.
1656:by Robert Wald".
1617:". Book Reviews.
1600:10.1063/1.2820032
1292:978-0-226-87037-3
1110:
1109:
743:
742:
629:
628:
369:Table of Contents
354:{\displaystyle c}
330:{\displaystyle G}
315:geometrized units
228:Hawking radiation
222:, singularities,
178:
177:
174:QC173.6 .W35 1984
105:Publication place
47:Cover artist
31:Hardcover edition
1789:
1741:
1674:
1673:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1546:
1537:
1536:
1518:
1509:
1499:
1490:
1484:
1475:
1470:Wald, Robert M.
1468:
1414:
1409:
1408:
1400:
1395:
1394:
1345:as supplements.
1282:Wald, Robert M.
1259:Wald, Robert M.
1102:
1095:
1088:
1075:
1070:
1069:
1062:
1058:
1057:
842:van Stockum dust
827:RobertsonâWalker
653:
652:
543:
542:
457:
455:
454:
449:
447:
446:
434:
426:
425:
407:
406:
387:
373:
372:
360:
358:
357:
352:
336:
334:
333:
328:
309:
307:
306:
301:
273:
271:
270:
265:
224:Penrose diagrams
170:
144:
96:Publication date
29:
22:
18:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1757:
1756:
1748:
1738:
1687:Carroll, Sean M
1683:
1681:Further reading
1678:
1677:
1650:
1646:
1639:10.1119/1.14379
1611:
1607:
1572:
1568:
1561:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1519:
1512:
1500:
1493:
1485:
1478:
1469:
1465:
1460:
1410:
1403:
1396:
1389:
1386:
1378:Yale University
1343:Steven Weinberg
1301:
1256:
1222:Lie Derivatives
1145:Chapter 6: The
1106:
1065:
1052:
1051:
1044:
1043:
867:
866:
857:
856:
812:LemaĂźtreâTolman
757:
756:
745:
744:
736:Quantum gravity
723:Advanced theory
650:
649:
648:
631:
630:
579:Geodetic effect
540:
539:
530:
529:
505:
504:
488:
458:
439:
435:
430:
418:
414:
399:
395:
393:
390:
389:
371:
346:
343:
342:
322:
319:
318:
286:
283:
282:
275:sign convention
250:
247:
246:
203:
187:Albert Einstein
159:
113:Media type
97:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1795:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1755:
1754:
1747:
1746:External links
1744:
1743:
1742:
1737:978-1107032866
1736:
1720:
1717:978-0521830911
1702:
1699:978-1108488396
1682:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1644:
1605:
1566:
1559:
1538:
1531:
1510:
1491:
1476:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1446:
1438:
1430:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1412:Physics portal
1401:
1385:
1382:
1352:, opined that
1327:Charles Misner
1300:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1280:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1226:Killing Fields
1218:
1208:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1159:
1151:
1150:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1128:
1118:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1104:
1097:
1090:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1063:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
868:
864:
863:
862:
859:
858:
855:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
758:
752:
751:
750:
747:
746:
741:
740:
739:
738:
733:
725:
724:
720:
719:
718:
717:
715:Post-Newtonian
712:
707:
699:
698:
694:
693:
692:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
658:
657:
651:
647:
646:
643:
639:
638:
637:
636:
633:
632:
627:
626:
625:
624:
619:
614:
606:
605:
599:
598:
597:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
574:Frame-dragging
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
549:Kepler problem
541:
537:
536:
535:
532:
531:
528:
527:
522:
517:
512:
506:
502:
501:
500:
497:
496:
495:
494:
489:
487:
486:
481:
476:
470:
468:
460:
459:
445:
442:
438:
433:
429:
424:
421:
417:
413:
410:
405:
402:
398:
388:
380:
379:
370:
367:
350:
326:
299:
296:
293:
290:
263:
260:
257:
254:
202:
199:
176:
175:
172:
164:
163:
160:
155:
152:
151:
146:
138:
137:
132:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
114:
110:
109:
106:
102:
101:
98:
95:
92:
91:
86:
82:
81:
78:
74:
73:
68:
64:
63:
58:
54:
53:
48:
44:
43:
38:
34:
33:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1794:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1739:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1705:Poisson, Eric
1703:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1648:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1609:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1580:Physics Today
1577:
1570:
1562:
1560:0-226-87032-4
1556:
1552:
1545:
1543:
1534:
1532:0-226-87032-4
1528:
1524:
1517:
1515:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1496:
1488:
1483:
1481:
1473:
1467:
1463:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1407:
1402:
1399:
1393:
1388:
1381:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1323:
1317:
1313:
1312:James W. York
1308:
1306:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1277:0-226-87032-4
1274:
1271:(paperback).
1270:
1269:0-226-87033-2
1266:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1249:
1246:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1207:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1179:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1167:
1166:Singularities
1163:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1126:Tensor Fields
1123:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1103:
1098:
1096:
1091:
1089:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1074:
1064:
1061:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
977:Chandrasekhar
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
892:Schwarzschild
890:
888:
885:
883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
869:
861:
860:
853:
852:HartleâThorne
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
767:
763:
762:Schwarzschild
760:
759:
755:
749:
748:
737:
734:
732:
729:
728:
727:
726:
722:
721:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
702:
701:
700:
696:
695:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
661:
660:
659:
655:
654:
644:
641:
640:
635:
634:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
609:
608:
607:
604:
601:
600:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
584:Event horizon
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
546:
545:
544:
534:
533:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
507:
499:
498:
493:
490:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
471:
469:
467:
464:
463:
462:
461:
443:
440:
436:
431:
427:
422:
419:
415:
408:
403:
400:
396:
386:
382:
381:
378:
375:
374:
366:
364:
348:
340:
324:
316:
311:
297:
294:
291:
288:
280:
276:
261:
258:
255:
252:
243:
241:
237:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
198:
196:
192:
188:
184:
183:
173:
171:
169:LC Class
165:
161:
158:
157:Dewey Decimal
153:
150:
147:
145:
139:
136:
135:0-226-87033-2
133:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
93:
90:
87:
83:
79:
75:
72:
69:
65:
62:
59:
55:
52:
51:René Magritte
49:
45:
42:
39:
35:
28:
23:
1727:
1708:
1690:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1647:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1608:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1569:
1550:
1522:
1506:John C. Baez
1471:
1466:
1449:
1441:
1433:
1425:
1398:Books portal
1372:
1371:argued that
1367:
1353:
1347:
1338:
1320:
1315:
1309:
1302:
1283:
1279:(hardcover).
1260:
1199:
1188:Chapter 13:
1182:Chapter 12:
1176:Chapter 11:
1170:Chapter 10:
1153:
1112:
1037:
997:Raychaudhuri
466:Introduction
312:
278:
244:
232:
204:
181:
180:
179:
1426:Gravitation
1322:Gravitation
1314:wrote that
1184:Black Holes
1164:Chapter 9:
1133:Chapter 4:
1120:Chapter 2:
1012:van Stockum
942:Oppenheimer
797:KerrâNewman
589:Singularity
195:Robert Wald
80:Non-fiction
41:Robert Wald
1761:Categories
1578:". Books.
1458:References
1452:(textbook)
1444:(textbook)
1436:(textbook)
1428:(textbook)
1369:Lee Smolin
1331:Kip Thorne
1299:Assessment
1294:. Reprint.
1247:References
1200:Appendices
865:Scientists
697:Formalisms
645:Formalisms
594:Black hole
520:World line
337:(Newton's
162:530.1/1 19
124:xiii + 491
100:1984, 2010
1141:Cosmology
1122:Manifolds
957:Robertson
922:Friedmann
917:Eddington
907:Nordström
897:de Sitter
754:Solutions
679:Geodesics
674:Friedmann
656:Equations
642:Equations
603:Spacetime
538:Phenomena
444:ν
441:μ
432:κ
423:ν
420:μ
412:Λ
404:ν
401:μ
298:−
295:−
292:−
253:−
85:Publisher
1707:(2004).
1689:(2004).
1670:27853954
1384:See also
1254:Versions
1073:Category
937:LemaĂźtre
902:Reissner
887:Poincaré
872:Einstein
817:TaubâNUT
782:Wormhole
766:interior
479:Timeline
201:Overview
149:10018614
57:Language
1627:Bibcode
1588:Bibcode
1190:Spinors
992:Hawking
987:Penrose
962:Bardeen
952:Wheeler
882:Hilbert
877:Lorentz
837:pp-wave
474:History
212:tensors
67:Subject
61:English
1734:
1715:
1697:
1668:
1557:
1529:
1361:, and
1337:, and
1333:, and
1290:
1275:
1267:
1224:, and
1071:
1038:others
1032:Thorne
1022:Newman
1002:Taylor
982:Ehlers
967:Walker
932:Zwicky
807:Kasner
341:) and
37:Author
1666:JSTOR
1250:Index
1007:Hulse
947:Gödel
927:Milne
822:Milne
787:Gödel
484:Tests
121:Pages
116:Print
77:Genre
1732:ISBN
1713:ISBN
1695:ISBN
1555:ISBN
1527:ISBN
1288:ISBN
1273:ISBN
1265:ISBN
1124:and
1017:Taub
972:Kerr
912:Weyl
792:Kerr
710:BSSN
279:only
210:for
143:OCLC
130:ISBN
1635:doi
1596:doi
1341:by
1325:by
1236:E.
1230:D.
1210:B.
1204:A.
1027:Yau
705:ADM
189:'s
1763::
1662:74
1660:.
1633:.
1623:53
1621:.
1594:.
1584:40
1582:.
1541:^
1513:^
1504:.
1494:^
1479:^
1329:,
242:.
226:,
197:.
1740:.
1719:.
1701:.
1672:.
1641:.
1637::
1629::
1602:.
1598::
1590::
1563:.
1535:.
1101:e
1094:t
1087:v
768:)
764:(
437:T
428:=
416:g
409:+
397:G
361:(
349:c
325:G
289:+
262:+
259:+
256:+
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.