539:
525:
329:
Wald investigates black holes and their thermodynamics, and gravitational radiation-reaction (or self-force). Due to quantum-mechanical processes, black holes emit particles and therefore have a definite temperature and entropy. Wald has published over 100 research papers on general relativity and
285:. This book grew out of a series of lectures Wald gave as part of the Compton Lectures at the University of Chicago in the spring of 1976. The Compton Lectures, given every Spring and Fall quarter, are intended to explain notable advances in the physical sciences to members of the general public.
38:
357:. Although the event charged an entrance fee of $ 100, Wald made sure all University of Chicago students were admitted free of charge. Chandrasekhar founded a research group on general relativity at the University of Chicago, which includes Wald,
246:. Wald's parents died in a plane crash when he was three years old. He earned his Bachelor's degree from Columbia University in 1968 and his PhD in physics from Princeton University in 1972, under the supervision of
372:
from the APS Division of
Gravitational Physics in 2017 for "the discovery of the general formula for black hole entropy, and for developing a rigorous formulation of quantum field theory in curved spacetime."
321:
Wald has taught first-year graduate courses covering a broad range of topics, including classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, and electromagnetism. He has also taught courses on
1130:
277:
explaining Albert
Einstein's general theory of relativity, and its implications in cosmology and astrophysics. The book also gives a survey of what was then ongoing research on
266:. He then moved to the University of Chicago, spending two years as a postdoctoral fellow before joining the faculty in 1976. He wanted to move to Chicago in order to work with
326:, his specialty, at both introductory and advanced levels. A particularly effective teacher, he received the Graduate Teaching Award from the University of Chicago in 1997.
1140:
1125:
979:
303:
380:
in
October 27, 2015, titled "The Formulation of General Relativity," celebrating the centennial of Einstein's theory. Wald is a member of the
341:
He organized The
Symposium on Black Holes and Relativistic Stars in 1996, in honor of the late Nobel Prize-winning theoretical astrophysicist
361:
and Robert Geroch. Although Wald and
Chandrasekhar never collaborated on any particular research projects, the two developed warm relations.
384:
group at the
University of Chicago, headed by astrophysicist Daniel Holz. The Laser Interferometry Gravitational-wave Observatory detected
1155:
1073:
552:
114:
680:
1135:
331:
496:
1120:
1115:
1054:
506:
1160:
263:
145:
1165:
1150:
1145:
562:
722:
485:
461:
437:
413:
870:
538:
1092:. Robert Wald. Physics Public Talk. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama. October 27, 2015.
793:
1001:
230:. He studies general relativity, black holes, and quantum gravity and has written textbooks on these subjects.
1057:, Vivek Iyer and Robert M. Wald, Phys. Rev., D 50 (1994) 846-864 (sample research paper; cited over 250 times)
334:, many of which have been cited by hundreds of subsequent papers. In 1993, he described the Wald entropy of a
1064:
20:
620:
405:
557:
342:
427:
365:
315:
290:
475:
451:
399:
1036:
844:
1110:
714:
706:
278:
247:
177:
377:
299:
227:
149:
1069:
1105:
1080:
Silver Screen - PSD faculty members discuss
Hollywood's portrayal of science and scientists
1030:
914:
369:
243:
119:
80:
1079:
8:
220:
75:
1045:
918:
368:(APS) in 1996 and a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2001. He received the
938:
904:
602:
385:
323:
800:
et al. University of
California, Riverside. September 1998. Accessed January 18, 2019.
930:
718:
582:
502:
481:
457:
433:
409:
311:
942:
738:
262:
Between 1972 and 1974, Robert Wald worked as a research associate in physics at the
922:
754:
594:
530:
195:
172:
957:
814:
388:
for the first time in 2015, one century after
Einstein predicted their existence.
1055:
Some properties of
Noether charge and a proposal for dynamical black hole entropy
772:
346:
307:
338:, which is dependent simply on the area of the event horizon of the black hole.
980:"GR 100: Celebrating the Centennial of Einstein's Theory of General Relativity"
544:
926:
1099:
1060:
350:
267:
216:
650:
934:
797:
358:
239:
104:
1040:
456:. Chicago Lectures in Physics. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
354:
606:
335:
282:
909:
758:
453:
Quantum Field Theory in Curved Spacetime and Black Hole Thermodynamics
223:
683:. Division of Gravitational Physics, American Physical Society (APS)
598:
401:
Space, Time, and Gravity: The Theory of the Big Bang and Black Holes
275:
Space, Time, and Gravity: The Theory of the Big Bang and Black Holes
895:
Wald, Robert M. (1993). "Black Hole Entropy is Noether Charge".
295:
156:
1089:
162:
Nonspherical gravitational collapse and black hole uniqueness
37:
1049:
252:
Nonspherical Gravitational Collapse and Black Hole Uniqueness
201:
982:. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama
381:
1131:
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
294:
in 1984. Aimed at beginning graduate students, it covers
273:
In 1977, Wald published a popular-science book titled
198:
621:"Alumni Sons and Daughters | Columbia College Today"
520:
238:
He is the son of the mathematician and statistician
207:
204:
1002:"LIGO detects colliding black holes for third time"
581:
1097:
345:. Distinguished speakers of this event included
775:. Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago
737:
707:"13. Some Memories of Chandra - Robert M. Wald"
960:. Department of Physics, University of Chicago
713:. Singapore: Imperial College Press. pp.
575:
306:, (exact) gravitational waves, singularities,
711:S. Chandrasekhar - The Man Behind the Legend
593:(4). Econometrica, Vol. 19, No. 4: 361â367.
16:American gravitational physicist (born 1947)
257:
1141:American people of Romanian-Jewish descent
553:List of contributors to general relativity
115:Member of the National Academy of Sciences
36:
1033:faculty page at the University of Chicago
908:
501:. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
1126:Fellows of the American Physical Society
958:"Our History. Chapter One: 1893 to 1986"
480:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
432:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
332:quantum field theory in curved spacetime
376:Wald delivered a public lecture at the
250:. His doctoral dissertation was titled
1098:
1070:Recorded Lectures Given by Robert Wald
955:
815:"Graduate Teaching Award: Robert Wald"
812:
270:and other specialists in gravitation.
242:and great-grandson of the chief rabbi
1090:The Formulation of General Relativity
233:
96:Wald's formula for black-hole entropy
894:
851:. National Academy of Sciences. 2001
808:
806:
704:
700:
698:
675:
673:
671:
645:
643:
641:
494:
470:
446:
422:
397:
146:University of Maryland, College Park
585:(1951). "Abraham Wald, 1902â1950".
558:List of books on general relativity
498:Advanced Classical Electromagnetism
13:
1156:Columbia College (New York) alumni
1084:The University of Chicago Magazine
477:Black Holes and Relativistic Stars
14:
1177:
1024:
803:
695:
668:
638:
1136:21st-century American physicists
705:Wali, Kameshwar C., ed. (1997).
537:
523:
194:
994:
972:
949:
888:
863:
837:
819:University of Chicago Chronicle
813:Steele, Diana (June 12, 1997).
681:"2017 Einstein Prize Recipient"
787:
765:
731:
613:
1:
1121:University of Chicago faculty
1116:American relativity theorists
1065:Mathematics Genealogy Project
1046:Robert Wald research articles
1037:Robert Wald research articles
956:Witten, Thomas (April 2018).
655:American Institute of Physics
568:
773:"Arthur H. Compton Lectures"
21:Robert Wald (sound engineer)
19:For the sound engineer, see
7:
1161:Princeton University alumni
794:A Guide to Relativity Books
516:
406:University of Chicago Press
10:
1182:
1166:Quantum gravity physicists
1151:21st-century American Jews
1146:Jewish American physicists
563:BekensteinâHawking entropy
364:He became a fellow of the
343:Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
288:He published the textbook
18:
927:10.1103/PhysRevD.48.R3427
404:(2nd ed.). Chicago:
398:Wald, Robert M. (1992) .
366:American Physical Society
316:black-hole thermodynamics
304:initial-value formulation
215:; born June 29, 1947 in
183:
171:
155:
141:
133:
126:
110:
100:
87:
71:
63:
47:
35:
28:
743:Space, Time, and Gravity
495:Wald, Robert M. (2022).
391:
258:Career and contributions
741:(May 1978). "Review of
625:Columbia College Today
300:variational principles
279:gravitational collapse
264:University of Maryland
248:John Archibald Wheeler
178:John Archibald Wheeler
378:University of Alabama
228:University of Chicago
226:and professor at the
150:University of Chicago
137:Gravitational physics
745:by Robert M. Wald".
244:Moshe Shmuel Glasner
81:Princeton University
1074:Perimeter Institute
919:1993PhRvD..48.3427W
386:gravitational waves
76:Columbia University
903:(8): R3427âR3431.
583:Morgenstern, Oskar
429:General Relativity
324:general relativity
291:General Relativity
234:Life and education
92:General Relativity
897:Physical Review D
759:10.1119/1.2339970
508:978-0-691-22039-0
312:Hawking radiation
219:) is an American
187:
186:
128:Scientific career
1173:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1013:
998:
992:
991:
989:
987:
976:
970:
969:
967:
965:
953:
947:
946:
912:
892:
886:
885:
883:
881:
871:"Robert M. Wald"
867:
861:
860:
858:
856:
849:Member Directory
845:"Robert M. Wald"
841:
835:
834:
832:
830:
810:
801:
791:
785:
784:
782:
780:
769:
763:
762:
735:
729:
728:
702:
693:
692:
690:
688:
677:
666:
665:
663:
661:
651:"Robert M. Wald"
647:
636:
635:
633:
631:
617:
611:
610:
579:
547:
542:
541:
533:
531:Biography portal
528:
527:
526:
512:
491:
467:
443:
419:
308:Penrose diagrams
214:
213:
210:
209:
206:
203:
200:
173:Doctoral advisor
167:
58:
56:
40:
26:
25:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1170:
1096:
1095:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1011:
1009:
1000:
999:
995:
985:
983:
978:
977:
973:
963:
961:
954:
950:
893:
889:
879:
877:
869:
868:
864:
854:
852:
843:
842:
838:
828:
826:
811:
804:
792:
788:
778:
776:
771:
770:
766:
747:Physics Teacher
739:Moché, Dinah L.
736:
732:
725:
703:
696:
686:
684:
679:
678:
669:
659:
657:
649:
648:
639:
629:
627:
619:
618:
614:
599:10.2307/1907462
580:
576:
571:
543:
536:
529:
524:
522:
519:
509:
488:
472:Wald, Robert M.
464:
448:Wald, Robert M.
440:
424:Wald, Robert M.
416:
394:
347:Stephen Hawking
260:
236:
197:
193:
165:
148:
118:
95:
79:
72:Alma mater
54:
52:
43:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1179:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1094:
1093:
1087:
1086:. Summer 2015.
1077:
1067:
1058:
1052:
1043:
1034:
1031:Robert M. Wald
1026:
1025:External links
1023:
1020:
1019:
1008:. July 1, 2017
993:
971:
948:
887:
862:
836:
802:
786:
764:
730:
723:
694:
667:
637:
612:
573:
572:
570:
567:
566:
565:
560:
555:
549:
548:
545:Physics portal
534:
518:
515:
514:
513:
507:
492:
486:
474:, ed. (1998).
468:
462:
444:
438:
420:
414:
393:
390:
370:Einstein Prize
259:
256:
235:
232:
190:Robert M. Wald
185:
184:
181:
180:
175:
169:
168:
159:
153:
152:
143:
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
124:
123:
120:Einstein Prize
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
89:
88:Known for
85:
84:
73:
69:
68:
65:
61:
60:
49:
45:
44:
41:
33:
32:
30:Robert M. Wald
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1178:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1111:Living people
1109:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1007:
1006:UChicago News
1003:
997:
981:
975:
959:
952:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
911:
910:gr-qc/9307038
906:
902:
898:
891:
876:
875:INSPIRE - HEP
872:
866:
850:
846:
840:
824:
820:
816:
809:
807:
799:
795:
790:
774:
768:
760:
756:
752:
748:
744:
740:
734:
726:
724:1-86094-038-2
720:
716:
712:
708:
701:
699:
682:
676:
674:
672:
656:
652:
646:
644:
642:
626:
622:
616:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
578:
574:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
550:
546:
540:
535:
532:
521:
510:
504:
500:
499:
493:
489:
487:0-226-87035-9
483:
479:
478:
473:
469:
465:
463:0-226-87027-8
459:
455:
454:
449:
445:
441:
439:0-226-87033-2
435:
431:
430:
425:
421:
417:
415:0-226-87029-4
411:
407:
403:
402:
396:
395:
389:
387:
383:
379:
374:
371:
367:
362:
360:
356:
352:
351:Roger Penrose
348:
344:
339:
337:
333:
327:
325:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
292:
286:
284:
280:
276:
271:
269:
268:Robert Geroch
265:
255:
253:
249:
245:
241:
231:
229:
225:
222:
218:
217:New York City
212:
191:
182:
179:
176:
174:
170:
163:
160:
158:
154:
151:
147:
144:
140:
136:
132:
129:
125:
121:
116:
113:
109:
106:
103:
99:
93:
90:
86:
82:
77:
74:
70:
67:United States
66:
62:
59:(age 77)
51:June 29, 1947
50:
46:
39:
34:
27:
22:
1083:
1010:. Retrieved
1005:
996:
984:. Retrieved
974:
962:. Retrieved
951:
900:
896:
890:
878:. Retrieved
874:
865:
853:. Retrieved
848:
839:
827:. Retrieved
822:
818:
798:John C. Baez
789:
777:. Retrieved
767:
750:
746:
742:
733:
710:
685:. Retrieved
658:. Retrieved
654:
628:. Retrieved
624:
615:
590:
587:Econometrica
586:
577:
497:
476:
471:
452:
447:
428:
423:
400:
375:
363:
359:James Hartle
340:
328:
320:
289:
287:
274:
272:
261:
251:
240:Abraham Wald
237:
189:
188:
161:
142:Institutions
127:
122:(APS) (2017)
105:Abraham Wald
91:
78:(A.B. 1968)
42:Wald in 2012
1106:1947 births
1061:Robert Wald
1041:INSPIRE-HEP
630:January 18,
355:Martin Rees
283:black holes
221:theoretical
64:Citizenship
1100:Categories
880:August 16,
855:August 16,
753:(5): 332.
569:References
336:black hole
83:(PhD 1972)
55:1947-06-29
1048:cited by
1039:cited by
224:physicist
1012:July 19,
986:July 18,
964:July 19,
943:18398147
935:10016675
779:July 19,
687:July 18,
660:July 18,
517:See also
450:(1994).
426:(1984).
1063:at the
915:Bibcode
829:May 20,
607:1907462
296:spinors
117:(2001)
94:(1984)
53: (
941:
933:
721:
605:
505:
484:
460:
436:
412:
314:, and
302:, the
298:, the
166:(1972)
164:
157:Thesis
134:Fields
111:Awards
101:Father
1050:arXiv
939:S2CID
905:arXiv
715:80â85
603:JSTOR
392:Books
1014:2019
988:2019
966:2019
931:PMID
882:2019
857:2019
831:2013
781:2019
719:ISBN
689:2019
662:2019
632:2022
503:ISBN
482:ISBN
458:ISBN
434:ISBN
410:ISBN
382:LIGO
353:and
281:and
48:Born
923:doi
825:(9)
755:doi
595:doi
1102::
1082:.
1072:.
1004:.
937:.
929:.
921:.
913:.
901:48
899:.
873:.
847:.
823:16
821:.
817:.
805:^
796:.
751:16
749:.
717:.
709:.
697:^
670:^
653:.
640:^
623:.
601:.
591:19
589:.
408:.
349:,
318:.
310:,
254:.
202:ÉË
1076:.
1016:.
990:.
968:.
945:.
925::
917::
907::
884:.
859:.
833:.
783:.
761:.
757::
727:.
691:.
664:.
634:.
609:.
597::
511:.
490:.
466:.
442:.
418:.
211:/
208:d
205:l
199:w
196:/
192:(
57:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.