218:, Great Britain and Spain. The government continued to function during the economic and political crises by a series of loans, bonds and tax increases; an increasingly large amount of paper money issuance was a vain attempt to stimulate the economy. In many ways, the law actually exacerbated the problem, as the new price setting led to many food producers lowering their production or halting altogether, while many of those who continued to produce held onto their inventories, rather than sell at the legal price, which was often below the cost of production. This led to continued food shortages and recurring famines throughout the country. The Committee of Public Safety responded by sending soldiers into the countryside to arrest farmers and seize their crops. This temporarily alleviated the shortages in Paris, however it led to shortages becoming more intense in the rest of the country.
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The
General Maximum's economic impact was largely negative, as its efforts at price control led to an overall decrease in food supply and prolonged famines in parts of the country. The law amplified parts of the problem it was trying to solve. The political and symbolic impact of the General Maximum
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Although it varied according to region, the maximum price for first necessity goods was about a third higher than the 1790 prices, and the legal maximum fixed to the wages was about half higher than the average level in 1790. Committee members feared new and more radical revolutionaries were being
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suggested that the ever-greater and ultimately uncontrolled issuance of paper money authorised by the
National Assembly was at the root of France's economic failure and constituted the cause of its increasingly rampant inflation. Eugene White, in his 1995 publication "The French Revolution and the
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Written into the text of the law were regulations and fines. Merchants had to post their maximum rates in a conspicuous location for all consumers to see and were subject to repeated inspections by police and local officials. Furthermore, the law gave legal protection to consumers who reported
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Politics of
Government Finance, 1770–1815", argues that years of revolution, international conflicts, and poor climate conditions had led to an economic environment with massive inflation and food shortages throughout France.
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violations of the
Maximum to local officials. If the consumer did not have a role in the infraction and gave report to the proper authorities denouncing the merchant, fines would be levied against only shop owners.
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The law set forth uniform price ceilings on grain, flour, meat, oil, onions, soap, firewood, leather, and paper; their sale were regulated a third over the maximum price set in 1790.
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was extended to include the
General Maximum. The Law of Suspects was initially created to deal with counter-revolutionaries, but hunger and poverty were seen by the
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Competing theories exist as to the causes of the conditions the
General Maximum was intended to ameliorate. In 1912, the historian
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were clear, as the harsh punishments enacted upon those who breached the
Maximum became a symbol of the Reign of Terror.
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to attempt to ensure the continued supply of food to the French capital. It was enacted as an extension of the
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AD White "Fiat Money
Inflation in France", 1912, The White Collection at the Cornell University library
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of 17 September, and succeeded the Law of the
Maximum of 4 May 1793, which served a similar purpose.
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White, A.D, "Fiat Money
Inflation in France" 1912, The White Collection at the Cornell University,
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White, Eugene N. . "The French Revolution and the Politics of Government Finance, 1770–1815."
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Darrow, Margaret H. . "Economic Terror in the City: The General Maximum in Montauban."
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White, E. "The French Revolution and the Politics of Government Finance, 1770–1815."
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White, E. "The French Revolution and the Politics of Government Finance, 1770–1815."
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as dangerous to both the national interest and their positions within the government.
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White, E. "The French Revolution and the Politics of Government Finance, 1770–1815."
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created by the crisis. Their concern intensified on 5 September 1793, when the
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Darrow, M. "Economic Terror in the City: The General Maximum in Montauban."
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Darrow, M. "Economic Terror in the City: The General Maximum in Montauban."
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Darrow, M. "Economic Terror in the City: The General Maximum in Montauban."
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The law was written with an eye towards preventing business practices like
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demanding "food—and to have it, force for the law".
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431:1793 in law
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420:Categories
363:12 January
242:References
233:Conclusion
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