4441:
female characters embodied all of the three stereotypical categories at once. Dill and Thill also note that another prevalent theme in the depiction of women was a combination of aggression and sex, referred to as "eroticized aggression". According to sociology professor and researcher Tracy Dietz, women are often depicted in stereotypical roles that typically pertain to sexuality in which the woman focuses upon beauty/physical attractiveness. According to an analysis conducted by Downs and Smith, playable and plot-relevant characters in the 60 best selling video games of 2003 were predominantly male. Females who were depicted were frequently sexualized. The female characters analyzed were depicted partially naked or with unrealistic proportions more often than the male characters were. A study of 225 video game covers found that both male and female character's physiques were overexaggerated, but women were more "physically altered" (especially in the bust) than their male counterparts, and even more so if the female was the main character of the game. Downs and Smith (2010) found that 41% of female video game characters appeared in sexually revealing clothing, and 43% were designed as partially or fully naked. Female characters were also more likely to be designed with unrealistic body proportions than male characters (25% vs 2%).
4802:, argues that a notable aspect of sexual objectification involves "emphasizing what is illegal/improper to show in public without crossing a line." For women, these would include drawing attention to their breasts. However, drawing attention to a man's chest is not viewed as improper, and thus, while male video game characters that act as power fantasies may have an exposed chest, they do not qualify as sex objects, or their portrayal as sexualization. Brice goes on to state that true sexualization of male characters in video games would entail emphasizing what is improper for men to show in public; having them wear "low-rise pants and underwear" and drawing attention to their bulge or buttocks.
5010:, Michelle Clough presented a case study which illustrated how the character is an example of the shifting portrayal of male sexualization in the original trilogy. While Kaidan is presented as a love interest for a female Shepard who is conventionally attractive and has an appealing personality in the first game, she noted that there was little acknowledgment of the physical aspect of his appeal, and, outside of a sex scene which mostly focuses on a female Shepard's body, little opportunity for the character to be appreciated in a sexual context. This is contrasted with Kaidan's more sexualized presentation in
293:
5421:
responsibilities include maintaining beauty and sexual appeal, while boys may determine that their role is to protect and defend women. Thus, Dietz writes, the roles internalized by the child, including gender, become for the child, and later for the adult, a basis for other roles and for action. The gender roles internalized by young individuals have a significant impact on their perspectives and the additional roles they assume in later life. Feminine and masculine symbols are supposed to become a part of a child's identity.
1728:
251:
5362:. The game's protagonist, Tyler, is a transgender man, and the game explores his experiences and struggles with his gender identity. The game was praised for its positive portrayal of a transgender character and for its nuanced exploration of gender identity. By presenting Tyler as a fully realized character with his own hopes, fears, and aspirations, the game humanizes the transgender experience and helps foster empathy and understanding among players.
120:
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3746:
4396:
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20:
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4057:(1996), is among the best-known strong, fictional women in a variety of media. Since her introduction in 1996, the character of Croft has been criticized for her "unrealistic" breast size; Lara was claimed to personify "an ongoing culture clash over gender, sexuality, empowerment, and objectification." In a 2008
5519:
representations of diverse gender identities can limit children's exposure to alternative career paths and opportunities. Additionally, children may internalize gender stereotypes that impact their academic performance, leading to lower self-esteem, reduced motivation, and underachievement in academic settings.
5515:
Behavior" found that playing video games with gender-nonconforming characters led to increased acceptance of non-traditional gender roles among children. This suggests that video games have the potential to be a positive influence on children's attitudes towards gender identity and gender expression.
5506:
Gender roles in video games can influence children's social behavior and interactions with others. Children may learn gender-specific social skills and behaviors from video games that can affect their relationships with peers and adults. For example, games portraying male characters as aggressive and
5469:
Sexist video games that target specific genders often feature narrow representations and lack diversity in characters and narratives. By limiting the experiences and perspectives represented in these games, they contribute to the marginalization of underrepresented genders and reinforce the idea that
5291:
The representation of lesbian characters in media, including video games, has often been influenced by the male gaze, which can lead to problematic and objectifying portrayals. In video games, lesbian characters have often been depicted through the male gaze, as a way to appeal to a heterosexual male
5210:
games, is a low- risk form of representation that occurs only in video games. When representation is included, it is often through these in-game choices, which place the responsibility for representation on players instead of developers. Because they afford the most opportunity for player choice and
5175:
found that only around 2% of the games available in major digital game stores were labeled as containing LGBTQ content. In comparison, 29% of film characters (2023) or 11% of primetime TV characters (2022) were LGBTQ. The same survey found that 17% of the surveyed 1,452 US gamers identified as LGBTQ,
4623:
One prevalent form of violence against women in video games is the portrayal of female characters as helpless victims. This often involves scenarios where women are in need of rescue or protection by male protagonists. Such narratives reinforce gender power dynamics and perpetuate the idea that women
4440:
In their 2005 study, Karen E. Dill and K. P. Thill distinguish three major stereotypical depictions of women in gaming: (1) sexualized, (2) scantily clad, and (3) a vision of beauty. The study revealed that over 80% of women in video games represented one of these depictions. More than one quarter of
4338:
focused exclusively on Lara Croft. The analysis showed a dominance of male characters in the games. Thirteen of 22 game characters (about 60%) were men. Among the leading characters there was an equal gender distribution (six men; six women), but supporting characters turned out to be seven men (70%)
228:
On average, female-led games sell less but also have lower marketing budgets. Testing the conditions under which gender representation predicts game sales is important. Adolescents who played games frequently showed less concern about the effects of negatively stereotyped images compared to those who
5598:
Polling in 2015 by the Pew
Research Center showed 16% of adults who play video games believe most games portray women poorly, compared to 26% who disagree, and 34% who say it depends on the game. Among those who do not play, 55% are unsure if games portray women poorly. Minimal differences were seen
5416:
writes that "video games have the potential to influence how children perceive themselves and others", but, despite their impact on the youth, "there is not a lot of research available in this area, and few of the existing studies stand up to critical examination. This lack of scrutiny means that we
5403:
A 2008 study found that males reported playing more violent video games than females. This exposure was negatively correlated with men's certainty in their judgements when presented with a scenario of possible sexual harassment selected for its ambiguity. The exposure to violent video games was also
5215:
are the most LGBT representative. Another low-risk method of LGBT representation in games is "gay window gaming," which is LGBT representation that is either subtle or avoidable, serving to appeal to LGBT players without alienating straight or homophobic players. This can occur in sandbox games such
4717:
writer David
Houghton, writing in an article on sexism in video games, was highly critical of many stereotypes that came with male protagonists, outlining them as "the primeval hunter/gatherer type arm-cripplingly ripped biceps, necks too muscley to turn, emotion dials stuck on 'aggressive grimace'
4700:
Men in games tend to be large and muscular. For instance, men in video games have chests about 2 inches (6%) larger, heads about 13 inches bigger, waists 5 inches wider, and hips 7 inches wider than in reality. They are often characterized as overtly aggressive and violent. Following the releases of
4642:
Another concerning aspect is the depiction of sexualized violence against women in video games. This includes explicit scenes or storylines where female characters are subjected to sexual assault, harassment, or objectification. Such portrayals contribute to a culture that normalizes and trivializes
5541:
franchise as a whole promotes friendship, teamwork, and perseverance, some aspects of the games can perpetuate gender stereotypes. For instance, certain Pokémon are designed with exaggerated masculine traits, reinforcing the idea that physical strength and aggression are defining characteristics of
5187:
In games with LGBT characters or the option of an LGBT avatar, some aspects of marginalization that occur in contemporary culture are depicted regardless of the game's overall adherence to reality. These real social constraints are imposed on a virtual world due to the way games are constructed and
5183:
bias by numerous analysts. According to industry professionals interviewed by
Adrienne Shaw, reasons for this heteronormativity include the demographic of those who play games, the views of those who create games, the risk of backlash in the industry, and the storytelling limitations of the medium.
4728:
highlighted that video games could promote "unreasonable body expectations, or an inability to express emotion, or the pressure to 'man up' and be a leader." He also highlighted that the vast majority of characters who perform and experience violence in video games are men, while women and children
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indicated that 60% of girls but only 39% of boys preferred to play a character of their own gender, and 28% of girls as opposed to 20% of boys said that they were more likely to play a game based on the character's gender. The authors interpreted this as meaning that the gaming industry's focus on
5302:
Another issue with the representation of lesbian characters in video games is the lack of agency and depth given to their relationships. In some games, lesbian characters are presented as one-dimensional and their relationships are not fully developed. This can contribute to the harmful stereotype
5197:
LGBT gamers use queer readings of media to compensate for their lack of representation in it. As concluded in a study by
Moravec et al., this "imaginative play" is the most common method LGBT gamers use to relate to in-game avatars that are typically created for a presumed straight, male player to
5074:
One common trope in video games is the portrayal of LGBTQ characters as one-dimensional stereotypes, such as overly effeminate gay men or butch lesbians. This type of representation can be harmful, as it perpetuates negative stereotypes and reinforces harmful gender norms. Additionally, many games
4805:
According to a study conducted by Karen Dill and
Kathryn P. Thill in 2005, around 39% of female characters in video games wear revealing clothes versus 8% of male characters. Moreover, only 1% of male characters have "sexualized figures", compared to 60% of female characters. The study also stated
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for its lack of female representation, stating that video games "are made by boys for boys who play with other boys" and that girls "rarely get a look in, unless of course there's a victim who needs to be rescued or someone needs to wear a bikini to cheer the macho men on." She also said that many
3811:
In a 2012 sample of 669 action, shooter, and role-playing games selected by EEDAR, 300 (45%) provided the option to play as a female, but only 24 (4%) had an exclusively female protagonist. EEDAR found in 2010 that 10% of games had a protagonist with an indiscernible gender. Downs and Smith (2010)
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Sexualization of female characters is a concern of gamers of all sexes. Players, including male and female players, do not always prefer or appreciate a sexualised design for female characters. In a 2020 survey of 2,006 gamers by Bryter, 62% of female games and 50% of male gamers felt that female
5577:
attributed the difference to larger marketing budgets for games with male heroes. Games with a female-only protagonist had, on average, only 50% of the marketing budget of female-optional games, and 40% of the marketing budget of games with male-only protagonists. Male-only games included popular
5527:
Many video games depict male characters that embody characteristics of toxic masculinity, namely, excessive aggression and violence. These portrayals often serve as influential figures for players, particularly children, who may internalize and emulate their behavior. In a 2000 study, exposure to
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For instance, games exclusively targeted at girls may depict predominantly white, thin, and conventionally attractive female characters, excluding diverse body types, ethnicities, and experiences. This lack of representation sends a message that girls who do not fit these narrow standards are not
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describes as having "the shirt a super tight fit" and includes "short trousers". According to artist
Satoshi Takamatsu, the developers always have "difficulties with Chris' bonus costumes", but decided to use the Sailor one because it differed greatly from his normal outfit from the game. Chris'
4856:
Brice argues that the main reason male characters are not sexualized as often as female characters is that many video games—and by extension, other media—are developed by heterosexual men, with the "neutral vision of game design" being influenced by the "socially appropriate interests specific to
4010:
finding that female characters appeared in video games at a frequency of 1 game in 7. Elizabeth Behm-Morawitz suggested that the reduced presence of female characters implies a secondary status for women in video games, and further suggested that when playable female characters do appear in video
4463:
However, a 2016 study of 571 games released between 1984 and 2014 found that the sexualization of female characters was at its height between 1990 and 2005 and then began to decline significantly. It also determined that there was no significant difference in sexualization between games rated as
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of women involves the use of female bodies in a way that renders them the object of a sexual gaze or perception by others; their bodies are objectified, and they are reduced to that of a sex object. Research on exposure to sexualized media representations of women in television and magazines has
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examined empirical evidence of whether or not sexualized content in video games correlated with body dissatisfaction, or if it resulted in more sexist or misogynistic behavior. It found that neither body dissatisfaction or sexist/misogynistic behavior correlated with sexualized content in video
5514:
The impact of gender roles in video games is not limited to reinforcing stereotypes and objectifying women. Video games can also have an impact on children's attitudes towards gender and gender identity. For example, a study published by Tracy L. Dietz about "Gender
Socialization and Aggressive
4431:
There is growing awareness within the gaming industry that the sexualization of women in video games is not only morally problematic but also horrible for business. Studies have shown that games that accurately represent women and other marginalized groups are more successful and have a broader
4768:
It has been noted that while video games tend to sexualize women more often than men, male characters are also sexualized in games. However, the sexualization of men is not as prevalent as that of women. Furthermore, it has also been noted that while female characters' sexualization is done as
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faced criticism for its early iterations, where the protagonist, Lara Croft, was often subjected to sexualized violence. The marketing and advertising of the game emphasized Lara's physical appearance, objectifying her as a sexual icon rather than focusing on her agency and capabilities as an
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series, where female characters, such as Jill
Valentine or Claire Redfield, often find themselves in vulnerable situations, relying on male characters to save them. These portrayals can reinforce the notion of women as weak and in constant need of male intervention, limiting their agency and
5614:
In a 2017 survey of 1,266 gamers by
Quantic Foundry, 89% of female gamers considered the inclusion of female protagonist option in games as being somewhat, very or extremely important; 64% of male gamers expressed the same views. Self-identified "hardcore" gamers of all genders, on average,
5420:
According to Tracy L. Dietz, video game characters have the potential to shape players' perceptions of gender roles. Through social comparison processes, players learn societal expectations of appearances, behaviors and roles. Girls may expect that they be dependent victims and that their
3825:
mobile games, 98% of those with gender-identifiable characters featured male protagonists, 90% of which were free to play. 46% offered female characters, and only 15% for free. Playing as a girl required, on average, an additional $ 7.53 purchase, much more than the games themselves cost.
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and three women (30%). A difference appeared between characters who had a leading part in the game and those in a supporting role. Jannsz and Martis stated that there is a depiction of a lead role being in a commanding position and the narrative being about them. This is consistent with
5518:
Gender roles in video games can have implications for children's academic and career aspirations. Research has shown that children's exposure to gender stereotypes in media can impact their career choices and academic performance. Video games that reinforce gender stereotypes and limit
5102:) characters have been included in video games as early as the 1980s and 1990s. While there has been a trend towards greater representation of LGBT people in video games, they are frequently identified as LGBT in secondary material, such as comics, rather than in the games themselves.
5490:. When games reinforce gender-specific interests and activities, children may internalize these messages, feeling pressured to conform to traditional gender roles and expectations. This can lead to self-limiting beliefs and restrict their exploration of diverse interests and talents.
104:
Research suggests that gender portrayal in games can influence players' perceptions of gender roles, and young girls prefer playing as their own gender much more than boys do. On average, female-led games sell fewer copies than male-led ones but also have lower marketing budgets.
4661:
Many video games reinforce traditional gender roles and stereotypes, depicting women as submissive, sexual objects or as prizes to be won. These portrayals not only contribute to the objectification of women but also perpetuate harmful notions of gender roles and expectations.
5551:
series among children cannot be ignored. The competitive multiplayer modes often emphasize aggression, dominance, and even toxic behavior such as trash-talking or belittling opponents. This can contribute to the normalization of toxic masculinity within the gaming community.
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straight men". Since the "average straight guy avoid appearing or feeling gay", male characters in games are usually not sexualized; the little sexualization that does occur, such as bare arms or an exposed chest, is done because it's viewed as "safe" for straight men.
5374:
One notable example is the
International Game Developers Association (IGDA), which has established a dedicated special interest group for LGBTQ+ game developers. This group serves as a resource and support network for LGBTQ+ professionals working in the industry. The
5452:
For example, "Fashion Designer" or "Makeover" games targeted at girls emphasize appearance and reinforce societal expectations of beauty standards, suggesting that girls should prioritize their appearance and adhere to traditional feminine ideals. On the other hand,
5038:, where Douglas notes that some male characters, despite not adhering to the masculine physical ideal, are still viewed as attractive by the fanbase. These male characters tend to be more open with their emotions and are usually suave. Characters such as this—like
5497:
and limiting their aspirations. Similarly, boys who exclusively engage in games emphasizing aggression and competition may perceive these traits as essential for their masculinity, potentially reinforcing toxic behaviors and limiting their emotional expression.
4261:, whose face Link cringes at, before employing another transphobic stereotype: a man (Link) disguising himself as a woman to enter a woman-only space. The women there mainly discuss how attracted they are to men, for the presumed cis, straight male player.
5507:
dominant may encourage boys to exhibit similar behaviors in their interactions. In contrast, games that depict female characters as cooperative and empathetic may encourage girls to adopt similar behaviors in their social interactions. These gendered
4239:
series or had the pattern altered. Shanon Sherman described how the illustrations on video game covers portrayed women in need of rescue. She wrote that these covers reinforce the existing gender stereotypes and sexual discrimination against women.
5299:, which features female characters in revealing clothing and suggestive poses. While some of these characters are explicitly identified as lesbians, their sexuality is often used to further objectify them and make them appealing to male players.
4814:
Like female characters in video games, male characters often have unrealistic body proportions, with "perfectly chiseled bodies and rippling muscles." This portrayal of men and their bodies, described as the "ideal hero form", has its roots in
4313:
consoles. Collected data shows that only 15% of games had a female role as a protagonist or an active character. In 41% of games, there were simply no female characters, and in the rest they were assigned the role of victims or sexual objects.
4549:", largely consisting of small decorative plaques that reveal large portions of the body to the weather and expose vital organs, making them ineffective as protection. Such depictions are an instance of the general sexualization of women in
5588:, and EEDAR's Jesse Divnich stated in 2010, "The factors that drive sales are based more on brand licensing, marketing budgets, development budget and a thousand other factors that have little to do with the gender of playable avatars."
5370:
There has been a growing movement to enhance LGBTQ+ representation in the realm of video games. To further improve LGBTQ+ representation in the video game industry, several initiatives and organizations have emerged in recent years.
4065:
and midriffs" and was said to look like she was "dressed by a male". However, the game's creators maintain that she was not designed with marketing in mind, and have claimed to be rather surprised at her pinup-style adoration. In
4835:
franchise is a prominent example. The agency of Kratos and other examples of the "power fantasy" is one of the main differences from the sexualization of female characters. The male character's sexual exploits are not made for
4000:(Vol.29, No.1. Pp. 43–48) concluded from the results of a 201-person survey that 90% of male subjects and 85% of female subjects perceived the computer as masculine (in gameplay versus the computer). In 1983, professor
5267:
was regarded as a significant development for the portrayal of gay characters in games, in that his homosexuality informs plot elements that occur regardless of whether the player decides to interact with him romantically.
4125:(2013). A study of these games found that although the leading female characters in these games were able to subvert predominant gender stereotypes, women were still limited by men in the narratives, in particular through
4317:
Jeroen Jannsz and Raynel G. Martis conducted research on the representation of gender within video games; the 12 games examined included 22 characters. Two games did not have a second or supporting character in the intro
3807:
found playable female characters appear less frequently than males in reviews of popular games. A 2007 study by Melinda C. R. Burgess et al. found men are featured much more often than women on console video game covers.
5311:
There has been a significant and progressive trend towards representation and inclusion of LGBTQ+ characters and themes in the world of video games. Notable examples of this positive trend can be seen in characters like
4671:
series has faced criticism for its depiction of women as sexual objects and targets of violence. Female characters are often marginalized, serving as background decoration or engaging in stereotypical roles such as
3993:
Studies of the prevalence of female characters in video games began to be conducted in sociological, educational, and cultural journals as early as the late 1970s and early 1980s. In 1979, researchers publishing in
8698:
Assumes a standard point of view that is masculine and heterosexual. . . . The phrase 'male gaze' refers to the frequent framing of objects of visual art so that the viewer is situated in a masculine position of
3884:, is often cited as "the first playable human female character in a mainstream video game". There were several earlier, less-popular video games with playable human female characters, including Billie Sue from
40:
video game series. Link is consistently portrayed as the male champion and defender of the series' eponymous character, whose depiction has, in contrast, seen different iterations throughout the history of the
5163:. Due to adherence to Nintendo of America's quality standards and translations based on preserving gameplay rather than literal meaning, these characters' identities were altered or erased in translation.
4161:, who took issue with the potential portrayal of women in the game. Their main point of contention was with the British woman featured in the trailer, citing the character's presence as unrealistic due to
5349:, which features a main character, Max, who is bisexual. Max's sexuality is an important aspect of her character development, and the game explores the challenges she faces as a result of her sexuality.
11120:
8985:
5379:
also organizes an annual LGBTQ+ in Gaming Summit. "Queerly Represent Me" is a nonprofit organization dedicated to promoting and supporting the inclusion of LGBTQ+ characters and themes in video games.
4553:, including in video games, comic and movies. In reaction to this, the art blog "Women Fighters in Reasonable Armor" compiles depictions of women fighters wearing "realistic" armor. In a similar vein,
4084:(1999) has been compared to Lara Croft, as she shows less prominent physical feminine attributes than Lara but more feminine psychological traits, as contrasted with Lara's masculine connotations like
10426:
Ferguson, Christopher J.; Sauer, James D.; Drummond, Aaron; Kneer, Julia; Lowe-Calverley, Emily (October 2022). "Does sexualization in video games cause harm in players? A meta-analytic examination".
136:
poll indicated that men and women each make up half of all American video game players. In 2014, women comprised 52% of video game players in the UK and 48% in Spain. According to a 2008 study by the
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Anderson, C. A., & Dill, K. E. (2000). Video games and aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behavior in the laboratory and in life. Journal of personality and social psychology, 78(4), 772–790.
10465:
9197:
5249:, said that openly gay or lesbian characters would not appear in video games for a long while as anything other than a one-off or something that was created through user choice as seen in the
10407:
Dill, K. E., & Thill, K. P. (2007). Video game characters and the socialization of gender roles: Young people's perceptions mirror sexist media depictions. Sex Roles, 57(11-12), 851-864.]
4526:, set several years after the original, recurring male characters had all aged, but all female characters were kept the same age or were replaced by their daughters. Many games, particularly
7985:
Lynch, Teresa; Tompkins, Jessica E.; van Driel, Irene I.; Fritz, Niki (30 June 2016). "Sexy, Strong, and Secondary: A Content Analysis of Female Characters in Video Games across 31 Years".
4779:'s Keith Stuart argues that while female characters are presented as sex objects, male characters are usually portrayed as something for straight male gamers to aspire towards. Writing for
7152:"Helen Kennedy summarizes these arguments, and Lara Croft's ambivalent role as both an action heroine , and an eroticized object of the male gaze with a great deal of voyeuristic appeal".
5449:. This approach perpetuates the notion that certain interests and activities are suitable for specific genders, limiting the range of experiences and reinforcing traditional gender roles.
4806:
that male characters (83%) are more likely to be portrayed as aggressive than female characters (62%), holding that men are included within the stereotyping image of video game marketing.
8948:
1923:
4423:
of female characters, done to appeal to a presumed male audience, as well as the degree to which female characters are independent from their male counterparts within the same game. The
4415:
The portrayal of women in video games has been the subject of academic study and controversy since the early 1980s. Recurring themes in articles and discussions on the topic include the
65:. Although women make up about half of video game players, they are significantly underrepresented as characters in mainstream games, despite the prominence of iconic heroines such as
4825:
Regarding power fantasy, Douglas states that this is the most prevalent form of male sexualization in video games, describing it as the "Muscle-Bound Warrior Man". He points out that
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405:
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5194:, for example, this has "created an oppressive atmosphere for individuals who do not adhere to a heteronormative lifestyle", according to a 2013 assessment of the game's community.
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4789:
in video games falls in one of three categories: power fantasy, gender performance, and fan interpretation, with the power fantasy type being the most prevalent out of the three.
4148:, a shift in the industry's attention towards issues of diversity in gaming, in conjunction with video games as a whole growing beyond their former core audience of younger men.
7197:
4891:
ideal of being in control. For this reason, many male video game characters that are characterized as "sexy" and objects of desire are coded by including feminine traits; their
6553:
Burgess, Melinda C. R.; Steven Paul Stermer; Stephen R. Burgess (30 June 2007). "Sex, Lies, and Video Games: The Portrayal of Male and Female Characters on Video Game Covers".
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For example, girls who primarily play games focused on beauty and fashion may come to believe that their value lies solely in their appearance, potentially impacting their
5014:, where the character is shirtless in multiple scenes, and more emphasis is placed on the intimacy between him and Shepard. During one scene where Kaidan is reboarding the
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9985:
9265:
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Although games that included the option of selecting a female hero obtained better review scores, they sold fewer copies than games with exclusively male protagonists:
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adventurer. While the series has evolved to present a more nuanced portrayal of Lara, early iterations contributed to the objectification and commodification of women.
10263:"More than Just Child's Play?: An Experimental Investigation of the Impact of an Appearance-Focused Internet Game on Body Image and Career Aspirations of Young Girls"
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and still in a relationship with Shepard, the camera alternates quick cuts between a close up of Kaidan's buttocks and a close up of Shepard's gaze, indicating that
3846:(1980), while starring a male protagonist, was "the first commercial video game to involve large numbers of women" as players. The game's popularity among women led
1918:
8775:
7290:
She is attractive, but no sex bomb" "April may, however, appear as more feminine because even if she is tough and brave, she is depicted as both sensitive and vain
5295:
One common trope in video games is the depiction of lesbian characters as overly sexualized and for the pleasure of male players. This can be seen in games such as
4575:
generated controversy when the special "zombie bait" edition of the game included a statue of a torso of a busty, dismembered woman in a skimpy bikini. Much of the
9793:
8404:
5461:", or "Math" games aimed at boys emphasize aggression, risk-taking, competitiveness, and logic, reinforcing stereotypes of male dominance, strength, and stoicism.
5283:
also faced criticism for its portrayal of transgender characters, with some arguing that the game's portrayal was insensitive and perpetuated harmful stereotypes.
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8831:
7333:
6412:
7070:
Behm-Morawitz, Elizabeth; Dana Mastro (2009). "The Effects of the Sexualization of Female Video Game Characters on Gender Stereotyping and Female Self-Concept".
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audience. This can result in the objectification of lesbian characters, as their relationships and identities are reduced to sexual fantasies for male players.
3907:
10184:
Dill, Karen E.; Brown, Brian P.; Collins, Michael A. (2008). "Effects of exposure to sex-stereotyped video game characters on tolerance of sexual harassment".
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the community that inhabits them. Games are made on contemporary culture's heteronormative basis, and this shapes narrative and characters. In the popular MMO
349:
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6207:
Dill, Karen E.; Thill K. P. (2007). "Video Game Characters and the Socialization of Gender Roles: Young People's Perceptions Mirror Sexist Media Depictions".
10825:
Martins, Nicole; Williams, Dmitri C.; Ratan, Rabindra A.; Harrison, Kristen (2011). "Virtual muscularity: a content analysis of male video game characters".
5429:
Sexist video games often reinforce gender stereotypes by presenting gender-specific themes and activities. Games marketed exclusively to girls often involve
3912:
6169:
Dietz, Tracy (1998). "An Examination of Violence and Gender Role Portrayals in Video Games: Implications for Gender Socialization and Aggressive Behavior".
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7717:. GameSpot. Elexis Sinclaire was also one of the first female villains featured in the FPS game called Sin, released in 1998. Retrieved on 19 November 2013
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Both members of the industry and LGBT players prefer LGBT representation to be normalized in game narratives rather than made to seem abnormal or special.
1840:
7787:
Effects of the Sexualization of Female Characters in Video Games on Gender Stereotyping, Body Esteem, Self-Objectification, Self-Esteem, and Self-Efficacy
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3804:
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4468:, indicating that sexualized women in games are so prevalent that they are not thought of as objectionable to children. Less sexualization was found in
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1957:
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11403:
Notice of the National Press and Publication Administration on Further Strict Management and Effective Prevention of Minors' Addiction to Online Games
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This section provides an overview of the findings of the quantitative results of various studies into gender representation in video games during the
5340:, who was praised for his positive portrayal and for being voiced by a trans man. Increased representation has been welcomed by the LGBTQ+ community.
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Dickerman, Charles; Christensen, Jeff; Kerl-Mcclain, Stella Beatríz (2008). "Big Breast and Bad Guys: Depictions of Gender and Race in Video Games".
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have been criticized for including LGBTQ characters only as minor side characters rather than as fully-developed protagonists or central characters.
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traits such as leadership and independence that may be given to female characters along with sexualized attributes so they are "sexy" and appealing.
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4253:. They live in an all-female town that Link infiltrates by wearing a "an exoticized belly dancer/harem costume, complete with veil". The voyeurist,
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Pulos, Alexis (2013-03-01). "Confronting Heteronormativity in Online Games A Critical Discourse Analysis of LGBTQ Sexuality in World of Warcraft".
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processes can perpetuate gender inequality and limit children's ability to develop healthy relationships with individuals of different genders.
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4497:) are identical to an existing male character, except for a visual marker of their femininity, such as pink bows, lipstick and long eyelashes.
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4707:, the developers were met with criticism regarding both the portrayal of women and torture, but also that of men. Two of the main characters,
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or damsels in distress. Such portrayals reinforce harmful gender stereotypes and contribute to a culture that devalues and objectifies women.
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asked whether it reduces male compassion toward women, and reduces women's perceptions of their desire and suitability for various vocations.
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Some games have faced backlash for their portrayal of LGBTQ+ characters, such as the controversy surrounding the character Hainly Abrams in
4942:(2009), which included increased muscle mass. His redesign has been noted for being sexy, with the character described as a "beefcake". The
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and Michael De Santa, have since been interpreted by some as portraying men as "liars, cheats, bad husbands and fathers, and psychopaths".
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When men are sexualized in a similar manner to women, this is usually done for comedic effect. Examples include the video game franchise
4302:, was praised for her "stinging personality" and intelligence, developing a close bond with the player without simply being "eye candy".
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have served a significant role in some video games, with the trend being toward greater visibility of LGBT identities. Speaking on the
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7903:"The effects of sexualized video game characters and character personalization on women's self-objectification and body satisfaction"
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1940:
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Beasley, B.; Collins Standley, T. (2002). "Shirts vs. skins: Clothing as an indicator of gender role stereotyping in video games".
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Downs, Edward; Smith, Stacy L. (2 September 2009). "Keeping Abreast of Hypersexuality: A Video Game Character Content Analysis".
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4979:, despite considering the Sailor Chris outfit one of the franchise's "silliest" costumes, also acknowledges its sex appeal, with
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characters was associated with a notable increase in aggressive thoughts, emotions, and actions among children and adolescents.
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as using rape for Lara Croft's character development; the developers denied that the scene at issue depicted an attempted rape.
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games and was kidnapped in 13 of them. The only main games that Peach was not kidnapped in were in the North America release of
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10497:"Selling Gender: Associations of Box Art Representation of Female Characters With Sales for Teen- and Mature-rated Video Games"
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7803:"Selling Gender: Associations of Box Art Representation of Female Characters With Sales for Teen- and Mature-rated Video Games"
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6404:
6251:"Selling Gender: Associations of Box Art Representation of Female Characters With Sales for Teen- and Mature-rated Video Games"
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Martins N, Williams DC, Ratan RA, Harrison K (2011). "Virtual muscularity: a content analysis of male video game characters".
4822:. However, this is not an attempt to turn them into sex objects, but rather to emphasize that they are "powerful and strong".
4460:. The study found that this issue reifies the idea that "a woman's power, in-game or out, comes entirely from her sexuality".
4387:(2007), a megalomaniacal computer with a female voice, was praised by critics as one of the best new characters of the 2000s.
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Regarding the treatment of men as sex objects, which he calls "gender performance," Douglas notes that due to the prevailing
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and treats them as objects, the sexualization of male characters is done as a male power fantasy. Commenting on this topic,
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Mass Communication & Society, 9(1), 103-114. The sample was taken from the "Top Rated" and "Most Popular" lists from
4367:(1994), praised as one of the most recognizable female characters in gaming. Another prominent classic female villain is
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10679:"Video Game Characters and the Socialization of Gender Roles: Young People's Perceptions Mirror Sexist Media Depictions"
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found that hyper-sexuality, which is often associated with female avatars, tends to negatively affect numerous types of
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played infrequently or not at all. Game use frequency correlates with views on gender representation in games played.
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Ray, S. (2020). Toxic Masculinity in Video Games: A Systematic Literature Review. Games and Culture, 1555412020934232.
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for the straight male gamers to showcase their strength through "conque". These characters are characterized by their
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6809:"Atari 2600 VCS Lilly Adventure : Scans, dump, download, screenshots, ads, videos, catalog, instructions, roms"
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10323:"The Video Game Experience as "True" Identification: A Theory of Enjoyable Alterations of Players' Self-Perception"
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is overruled by the character's agency as the protagonist and avatar for the player's power within the game world.
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3856:(1982) starring a female protagonist as their "way of thanking all those lady arcaders who have played and enjoyed
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8201:"Will the Fantasy Genre Ever Grow Up and Ditch the Chainmail Bikini? Industry bulletin's cover sets off firestorm"
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In 2014, the developers' choice to omit playable women in the latest iterations of the top-tier gaming franchises
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Gender differences in video game characters' roles, appearances, and attire as portrayed in video game magazines.
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that lesbian relationships are solely about sexual attraction and do not involve emotional connections or depth.
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became a focus of discussions in gaming media. This indicated, according to game industry professionals cited by
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games. The study also determined that the better the study was designed, the less of a correlation was present.
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is characterized by the male character's limitations and interactions with other characters within the story.
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5277:, who was criticized for her stereotypical representation and for being voiced by a cisgender actor. The game
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Both genders play video games, but studies suggest differences in platform and genre preference. In 2010, the
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11048:
11034:
9986:"Perspective | 'The Last of Us Part II' handles Ellie's coming out story with care. It reminded me of my own"
9574:
Shaw, Adrienne (2009-07-01). "Putting the Gay in Games Cultural Production and GLBT Content in Video Games".
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know very little about the effects that video games may have on children's development and socialization."
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8405:"Tomb Raider Creators Are No Longer Referring to Game's Attempted 'Rape' Scene As an Attempted Rape Scene"
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4098:(2003), was widely recognized as a strong and confident female character lacking any overt sexualization.
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Henning, Alexandra; Brenick, Alaina; Killen, Melanie; O'Connor, Alexander; Collins, Michael J. (2009).
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That the male gaze applies to literature and to the visual arts: Łuczyńska-Hołdys, Małgorzata (2013).
7364:
Perreault, Mildred F.; Perreault, Gregory Pearson; Jenkins, Joy; Morrison, Ariel (December 16, 2016).
6026:"Gender and video games: How is female gender generally represented in various genres of video games?"
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significantly more than the 10% reported in a 2020 study, or estimates for the general US population.
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Men are also often portrayed stereotypically in games. A recurring depiction of male sexuality is the
1977:
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8972:"Monster Hunter's greatsword has the best videogame animation since Chris Redfield punched a boulder"
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policed the content of games with content codes in which LGBT themes were toned down or erased. Some
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4361:, an artificial intelligence with a female voice and a female face, was the main villain of the game
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release of the game included an alternate "Warrior" outfit for Chris, which has been described as a
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5109:, LGBT content has been subject to changing rules and regulations, which are generally examples of
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poses. However, this is done as part of the game's absurd humor rather than as true sexualization.
4534:", which make the breasts of female characters bounce or jiggle in a sometimes exaggerated manner.
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9824:"Video games won't feature gay protagonists 'for a while,' says Far Cry 3 writer Lucien Soulban"
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4962:(2012), released in 2013, Chris was given an unlockable "Sailor" outfit which the game's writer
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dressed in scanty armor. They feature armor designs which have been described by such terms as "
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analyzed the top 20 best selling US games in 2003, finding only 14% of characters were female.
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6435:"Do Stereotypic Images in Video Games Affect Attitudes and Behavior? Adolescent Perspectives"
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Female video game characters have been criticized as having a tendency to be objects of the "
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A 2014 SuperData Research study found women compose 57.8% of the mobile market, 53.6% of the
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6062:"Intro to Gender Criticism for Gamers: From Princess Peach, to Claire Redfield, to FemSheps"
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8526:"Game Studies - Lara Croft: Feminist Icon or Cyberbimbo? On the Limits of Textual Analysis"
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4235:, but she was a character that can be played. Zelda became playable in some later games of
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6335:. "Teens, Video Games and Civics." Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech. N.p.
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10466:"Games with exclusively female heroes don't sell (because publishers don't support them)"
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Why Can't Zelda Save Herself? How the Damsel in Distress Trope Affects Video Game Players
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The year 2013 featured women in leading roles in a number of award-winning games such as
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7530:"The new Zelda video game is improved, but can't escape the industry's princess problem"
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Leroux, Yvan and Michel Pépin. "Jeu Sur Micro-Ordinateur et Différences Liées au Sexe".
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depicting sexualized female characters in non-central roles positively affected sales.
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5113:, in that heterosexuality is normalized, while homosexuality is subject to additional
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9697:"Dressing Commander Shepard in pink: Queer playing in a heteronormative game culture"
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Soft-Shed Kisses: Re-visioning the Femme Fatale in English Poetry of the 19th Century
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Kelleher, Caitlin (2008). Kafai, Yasmin B.; Heeter, Carrie; Sun, Jennifer Y. (eds.).
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237:"Women in video games" redirects here. For women as game players and developers, see
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perpetuating harmful stereotypes (the "damsel in distress" myth referred to above).
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9364:""Press X to be Gay": Drawing attention to LGBTQ+ representation in gaming history"
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8013:"Survey of 31 years of video games shows a decline in sexualized female characters"
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7166:"Getting the Girl: The myths, misconceptions, and misdemeanors of females in games"
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Lenhart, Amanda, Joseph Kahne, Ellen Middaugh, Alexandra Macgill, Chris Evans, and
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considered a female protagonist less important than "core" or "casual" gamers did.
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9851:"Dorian of Dragon Age: Inquisition: Why Gaming's 'Breakout' Gay Character Matters"
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7412:"As game players diversify, developers start to rethink the stars of their games"
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4887:. Because being sexy is also viewed as being submissive, this contrasts with the
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9879:"BioWare Changing Criticized 'Mass Effect: Andromeda' Scene Featuring Trans NPC"
9186:"Resident Evil: Revelations' Sailor Chris Is the Best Thing We've Seen All Week"
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Recognizing the growing inclusion of LGBT characters and themes in video games,
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market, and 50.2% of the PC market (including social games). Men make up 66% of
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2298:
2258:
2141:
1661:
1576:
1556:
1536:
1511:
1476:
1436:
1411:
1401:
1341:
1311:
1296:
1266:
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1246:
1226:
1176:
1121:
1116:
1071:
993:
826:
776:
686:
635:
579:
94:
58:
31:
10816:
10799:
10782:
10696:
10512:
10439:
10377:
10278:
9944:
8654:
8333:"GTA 5 "Violence Against Women" Criticisms Spur Ban from Australian Retailers"
7871:
7818:
7672:
7655:
7438:"'Battlefield V' Trailer Sparks Outrage, But Did Women Fight in World War II?"
7083:
6639:
6566:
6266:
6220:
6182:
5611:
male protagonists stifled sales to girls more than it promoted sales to boys.
11477:
11412:
11385:
11230:
10520:
10286:
10261:
Slater, Amy; Halliwell, Emma; Jarman, Hannah; Gaskin, Emma (September 2017).
9997:
9952:
9668:
9660:
9595:
9587:
9520:
9193:
9098:
8562:
7953:
7928:
7879:
7826:
7681:
7381:
6647:
6450:
6332:
6274:
6041:
6002:
5978:
5803:
49 articles in Xbox, PlayStation, and Nintendo Power magazines, 2003 to 2005
5777:
49 articles in Xbox, PlayStation, and Nintendo Power magazines, 2003 to 2005
5751:
49 articles in Xbox, PlayStation, and Nintendo Power magazines, 2003 to 2005
5725:
49 articles in Xbox, PlayStation, and Nintendo Power magazines, 2003 to 2005
5700:
49 articles in Xbox, PlayStation, and Nintendo Power magazines, 2003 to 2005
5561:
5508:
5002:
4987:
4986:
Attention regarding male sexualization in video games has also been given to
4932:
4738:
4656:
4629:
4554:
4511:
4506:
4424:
4420:
4274:
4254:
4153:
4072:, Lara underwent a radical redesign, ostensibly to make her less sexualized.
4041:
3868:
represented female characters, but no screenshots are known to be available.
2831:
2791:
2786:
2696:
2438:
2401:
2026:
2021:
1666:
1451:
1426:
1361:
1331:
1281:
1276:
1201:
1141:
1111:
986:
821:
691:
652:
640:
618:
600:
415:
250:
152:
9509:"LGBTQ+ representation in video games lags behind film and TV, report finds"
8525:
7510:
Sherman, Shanon. "Perils of the Princess: Gender and Genre in Video Games".
7175:
7126:
Egenfeldt-Nielsen, Simon; Smith, Jonas Heide; Pajares Tosca, Susana (2008).
6624:"Keeping Abreast of Hypersexuality: A Video Game Character Content Analysis"
6623:
6552:
5979:"Still a Man's Game: Gender Representation in Online Reviews of Video Games"
4351:
One of the first major female villains in video games was the Dark Queen in
4208:
1727:
11370:
11027:
11013:
10909:
10846:
10538:
10304:
9970:
8859:
7844:
6671:"I'm a 12-year-old girl. Why don't the characters in my apps look like me?"
6494:
Still a man's game: Gender representation in online reviews of video games.
6476:
6308:"Ellas también juegan, o por qué el machismo gamer no tiene ningún sentido"
6292:
6144:
5547:
5458:
5110:
4967:
Sailor outfit received some positive responses, with South African website
4896:
4868:
4793:
4775:
4721:
4601:
portrayed the rape of a Native American woman by the player's character of
4550:
4363:
4340:
4310:
4166:
4001:
3847:
3052:
2982:
2846:
2781:
2776:
2736:
2686:
2443:
2362:
2340:
2241:
2116:
1989:
951:
439:
199:
175:
148:
8455:
5862:, concerning harassment towards people discussing gender issues in gaming.
5522:
5026:
framed him as a good choice for Shepard as a romantic and sexual partner.
4883:
in video games, attributing "sexiness" to a character is intertwined with
4510:
received some controversy for simply being a close up of female character
4472:, which are played more often by women than in action and fighting games.
170:
study compared mobile gaming preferences, finding women made up 60–80% of
11279:
11006:
10752:
Dangerous Curves: Action Heroines, Gender, Fetishism, and Popular Culture
10659:
8910:
5607:
5454:
5446:
5441:, or relationship management, while games aimed at boys focus on action,
5413:
5251:
5149:
5099:
5044:
5019:
4996:
4936:
franchise since the first game, had his appearance changed radically for
4888:
4770:
4750:
4648:
4494:
4484:
Women costumed as scantily armored player characters from the video game
4353:
4298:
4213:
3852:
2455:
2246:
898:
868:
645:
183:
74:
50:
10238:"Gender Roles in Video Games: The Importance of Characterization and it"
9624:
Gaming at the Edge: Sexuality and Gender at the Margins of Gamer Culture
9089:"Resident Evil: Revelations adds Pirate Jill, Sailor Chris, Ninja Keith"
5915:
5482:
Gender-specific video games can have a significant impact on children's
5352:
Another example is the inclusion of a transgender character in the game
4971:
describing it as "sexy" and that it makes him look like a member of the
4963:
4915:
11069:
10994:
9713:
9696:
9541:"2024 GLAAD Gaming Report: The State of LGBTQ Inclusion in Video Games"
9540:
9298:
8981:
8770:
8634:
7998:
7763:
7481:
5580:
5257:
5114:
4884:
4873:
4798:
4754:
4742:
4714:
4673:
4486:
4400:
4293:
4085:
4048:
3950:
3871:
3012:
2997:
2691:
981:
923:
918:
256:
82:
70:
66:
54:
10321:
Christoph, Klimmt; Dorothée, Hefner; Peter, Vorderer (November 2009).
10019:"Overwatch's new comic confirms game's first queer character (update)"
9929:"Fairy Tales: Attraction and Stereotypes in Same-Gender Relationships"
7219:
N'gai Croal and Jane Hughes (1997-11-10). "Lara Croft, the Bit Girl".
5537:
10724:
10043:"Why Dragon Age: Inquisition's Transgender Character Is So Important"
9904:"Cyberpunk 2077, the year's most controversial video game, explained"
7943:
6066:
5545:
Although primarily targeting mature audiences, the popularity of the
5438:
5434:
4910:
4862:
4746:
4501:
4305:
In 1998, Michigan State University analyzed 33 popular games for the
2992:
2987:
2065:
119:
10132:
9927:
Felmlee, Diane; Orzechowicz, David; Fortes, Carmen (February 2010).
8244:
4557:
have depicted men in the scanty armor typical of female characters.
89:". Male characters are frequently depicted as big and muscular, and
11395:
11311:
11177:
9130:
9093:
8976:
8505:"Gender Struggles: Female Representation in Video Games - INKspire"
8430:"Tomb Raider Creators Say 'Rape' Is Not A Word In Their Vocabulary"
8310:"Dead Island Riptide's bloody torso statue sparks anger, confusion"
8276:"Women's role in popular video games: Stripped down and killed off"
8017:
7901:
Skowronski, Marika; Busching, Robert; Krahé, Barbara (2021-01-01).
7221:
7125:
7069:
6827:
6795:
6504:
6097:
Hot Dates and Fairytale Romances: Studying Sexuality in Video Games
5672:
5118:
5095:
4395:
4319:
4306:
4279:
4269:
4265:
4062:
3956:
3944:
2766:
2634:
2197:
1719:
383:
156:
9626:. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. pp. 13–55.
7555:"How Breath of the Wild Failed Us When It Comes To Trans Identity"
11306:
11055:
9797:
8659:
8354:
8258:"Women Fighters in Reasonable Armor: An Idea Whose Time Has Come"
7941:
7611:
7588:
7363:
7338:
7170:
6357:
5592:
5430:
5236:
5207:
5087:
4991:
4948:
4480:
3842:
2428:
938:
893:
271:
267:
23:
10800:"The Lara Phenomenon: Powerful Female Characters in Video Games"
10768:
8855:"Even teenage boys are sick of sexist video games, survey finds"
7656:"The Lara Phenomenon: Powerful Female Characters in Video Games"
7274:. Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Archived from
6994:"Playable Girls in Ancient Worlds: Athena (1986) Opens the Door"
6432:
5206:
Choice-based LGBT content, such as optional same sex romance in
4919:
archetype. These men distinguish themselves by grace and charm.
4909:
Male characters with distinctly feminine traits often appear in
10649:
9771:
9701:
Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace
9421:
8943:
8433:
8408:
8383:
8205:
8177:
8055:"New Anita Sarkeesian Video Looks At Gaming's 'Ms. Male' Trope"
7945:
Game on girl : identity and representation in digital RPGS
7733:
7467:
7218:
7198:"'Tomb Raider': Lara Croft now battling video game stereotypes"
4892:
4757:, from a masculine, heterosexual perspective that presents and
4606:
4522:
4378:
4358:
4029:
454:
46:
19:
10068:"Video game 'Tell Me Why' features transgender lead character"
5464:
5386:
introduced the "Outstanding Video Game Award" category at its
5133:, for instance, originally included trans characters, such as
4432:
appeal than those that rely on stereotypes and sexualization.
4033:
female players, despite enjoying popular arcade games such as
11301:
10112:
8173:"How Video Game Breasts Are Made (And Why They Can Go Wrong)"
6766:"A female video game pioneer was lost to history — until now"
6030:
Journal of Comparative Research in Anthropology and Sociology
5934:
Using Storytelling to Introduce Girls to Computer Programming
5628:
5442:
5383:
5322:
series, a lesbian and the main protagonist of the games, and
5172:
5134:
5126:
4453:
3865:
3834:
388:
326:
10158:"GLAAD awards will spotlight video games for the first time"
8884:
8882:
8724:
Eaton, E.W. (September 2008). "Feminist Philosophy of Art".
6122:
4785:
magazine, Dante Douglas argued that men's sexualization and
4749:, which is the act of depicting women and the world, in the
4514:'s breasts with a tagline. In two sequels of fighting games
4464:"Teen" (for ages 13 and up) and "Mature" (17 and up) by the
246:
List of female action heroes and villains § Video games
11000:
10569:"The games industry is wrong about kids, gaming and gender"
10260:
9695:
Krobová, Tereza; Moravec, Ondřej; Švelch, Jaroslav (2015).
9228:
8939:"The One-Sided Problem of oversexualization in Video Games"
7984:
6350:"Report: Men play more MMOs, FPSes; women rule mobile, RPG"
5555:
5393:
5122:
5083:
4953:
4688:
where an apparent sexualization as an object of desire and
4465:
4264:
A number of games feature a female character as an ally or
191:
115:
Women and video games § Demographics of female players
90:
10425:
9344:
9322:
9320:
8351:"Top Ten Shameful Games: 1. Custer's Revenge (Atari 2600)"
7617:
6719:"Video Dames: The History Of Playable Female Protagonists"
5000:
series; especially his portrayal and potential romance in
4657:
Stereotypical portrayals and reinforcement of gender roles
9293:
8879:
8551:"Grand Theft Auto 5 under fire for graphic torture scene"
8380:"You'll 'Want To Protect' The New, Less Curvy Lara Croft"
8261:
5477:
5306:
5091:
4980:
160:
140:, "fully 99% of boys and 94% of girls" play video games.
10856:"Gender and computer games: Exploring females' dislikes"
10459:
10457:
9926:
10880:
9394:. New York, NY: Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 42–57.
9317:
9009:"A Glance At The PC Exclusive Resident Evil 5 Costumes"
8164:
7900:
6405:"Love, Courtship and the Promiscuous Male Mobile Gamer"
5523:
Toxic masculinity in video games: influence on children
5365:
5286:
10797:
10320:
9794:"Gay gamer survey results with large hetero inclusion"
9408:
7729:"Are These The Top Women Game Characters of All Time?"
7523:
7521:
5022:. Clough concluded that Kaidan's overall depiction in
4592:
withdrew the game from sale in response to criticism.
4581:
franchise features violence against women, especially
4257:
quest involves purchasing clothes from an exaggerated
351:
Gender representation on corporate boards of directors
16:
Portrayal of men, women and LGBT people in video games
10454:
9332:
9221:"Is that a sexy sailor Chris Redfield costume I see?"
9165:
9153:
7132:
Understanding video games: the essential introduction
6090:
6088:
6086:
6084:
5398:
4913:
video games, especially Japanese video games, as the
4181:, with their rescue being the objective of the game.
10316:
10314:
10092:
9694:
9690:
9688:
9686:
9475:. Camineet. Archived from the original on 2008-02-04
9417:"The Video Game Characters You Never Knew Were LGBT"
9392:
Rated M for Mature: Sex and Sexuality in Video Games
7366:"Depictions of Female Protagonists in Digital Games"
6396:
6118:
6116:
5827:
5602:
A 2015 survey of 1,583 US students aged 11 to 18 by
5048:
series—are usually side characters, rather than the
4618:
4211:
examples. By 2013, Peach appeared in 14 of the main
4177:
Female characters are often cast in the role of the
4157:
in 2018 was met with backlash from some fans of the
8255:
8078:
7518:
5029:
3805:
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
10798:Jansz, Jeroen; Martis, Raynel G. (February 2007).
10655:Resident Evil Revelations: Official Complete Works
10093:"IGDA – International Game Developers Association"
8192:
8096:"Videogame Ad Sets New Low for Objectifying Women"
8052:
7237:"Lara's curves reduced to appeal to female gamers"
6081:
3799:Category:Video games featuring female protagonists
10311:
9683:
9569:
9567:
9565:
9563:
9561:
8822:"The Three Modes of Male Sexuality in Videogames"
8583:"The Three Modes of Male Sexuality in Videogames"
7978:
6743:. Guinness World Records Ltd. 2012. p. 154.
6113:
5171:A 2024 survey by the LGBTQ advocacy organization
4627:An example of this portrayal can be found in the
4493:Many early female video game characters (such as
151:gamers played on Wii, 11% on Xbox 360, and 9% on
11475:
10183:
9617:
9615:
9613:
9006:
8074:
8072:
6969:"Hardcore Gaming 101: 1980s Video Game Heroines"
6586:
6584:
6375:
6059:
4169:and being mostly relegated to supporting roles.
4011:games, they are more often scantily-dressed and
574:Science, technology, engineering and mathematics
9791:
9389:
8906:"Let's talk about sexualization in video games"
8628:
7720:
7654:Jansz, Jeroen; Martis, Raynel G. (2007-02-02).
6963:
6961:
6959:
6919:"Nintendo Download: 13-14 October 2009 (Japan)"
6206:
5201:
5059:
4565:Video games have been criticized for depicting
4165:never participating in frontline combat during
93:characters have been slow to appear due to the
10853:
9558:
8759:
8757:
8755:
8753:
8751:
8749:
8747:
8307:
8238:
7461:
7157:
6055:
6053:
6051:
5675:’s reviews of the 100 top-rated games in 2004
5622:
5619:characters are often oversexualised in games.
5404:correlated with attitudes supportive of rape.
5179:The video game industry is regarded as having
10925:
10597:"Just How Important Are Female Protagonists?"
10545:
9610:
9256:"8 of the Silliest 'Resident Evil' Costumes!"
9123:
8069:
7464:"Shigeru Miyamoto and the Damsel In Distress"
6716:
6622:Downs, Edward; Smith, Stacy L. (2010-06-01).
6581:
6099:. New York, NY: Routledge. pp. 172–191.
4024:magazine writer Virginia Barratt accused the
3850:, its North American distributor, to develop
3768:
1688:
225:players, and 63% of digital console players.
11430:Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association
10939:
10754:. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.
10721:Digital Love: Romance and Sexuality in Games
10204:
9767:"How Not To Address Homosexuality In Gaming"
9390:Wysocki, Matthew; Lauteria, Evan W. (2015).
9385:
9383:
8249:
8093:
7966:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
7304:"50 Greatest Heroines In Video Game History"
6956:
6873:
6871:
6869:
6867:
6741:Guinness World Records 2013: Gamer's Edition
6733:
6684:
6305:
5927:
5925:
5008:Digital Love: Romance and Sexuality in Games
4695:
9821:
9289:"11 weirdest alternative costumes in games"
8744:
7653:
6048:
5465:Narrow representation and lack of diversity
5243:, who is openly gay and was the writer for
4172:
73:. Women in games often reflect traditional
10932:
10918:
10860:Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication
10677:Dill, Karen E.; Thill, Kathryn P. (2007).
9842:
9746:
9470:
8815:
8813:
7970:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
7942:McMenomy, Elizabeth Regina, 1974- (2011).
7857:
7760:"The 25 best new characters of the decade"
6916:
6699:. Vol. 1, no. 3. pp. 30–33
6621:
6548:
6546:
6544:
6343:
6341:
6299:
4792:Video game designer and industry activist
3775:
3761:
2655:African-American women's suffrage movement
1695:
1681:
155:, while 38% of male console gamers played
10871:
10815:
10676:
10528:
10294:
10186:Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
9960:
9727:
9712:
9506:
9464:
9380:
8903:
8888:
8811:
8809:
8807:
8805:
8803:
8801:
8799:
8797:
8795:
8793:
8453:
8170:
7918:
7907:Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
7834:
7671:
7488:"Objectification of Women in Video Games"
7045:
7043:
7000:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 15–16.
6864:
6763:
6527:Miller, M. K., & Summers, A. (2007).
6466:
6384:"How Much Do You Know About Video Games?"
6282:
5922:
5635:Characteristics of video game characters
5211:in game romance, genres such as RPGs and
5020:she enjoys looking at him in a sexual way
4809:
4560:
10718:
9350:
9338:
9326:
8647:
8478:
8171:Hernandez, Patricia (24 February 2015).
8144:
7783:
7409:
7334:"Bayonetta: empowering or exploitative?"
6996:. In Draycott, Jane; Cook, Kate (eds.).
6815:
6402:
6094:
5931:
5556:Effects of sexualized content on players
5394:Effect of gender representation in games
5261:games. The character of Dorian Pavus in
4956:fetishi". For the updated HD version of
4851:
4479:
4394:
2600:Discrimination against transgender women
249:
118:
18:
10614:
10463:
9758:
9443:
9253:
9086:
8930:
8899:
8897:
8819:
8766:"On Men's Sexualization in Video Games"
8714:, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, p. 15.
8456:"Women's representation in video games"
8053:Patricia Hernandez (18 November 2013).
7301:
7195:
7104:
6889:
6541:
6347:
6338:
6325:
6164:
6162:
6160:
6158:
6156:
6154:
6023:
5910:(MA thesis). Brigham Young University.
5568:
4732:
3787:
11476:
10771:Journal of Creativity in Mental Health
10648:
10551:
9876:
9183:
9171:
9159:
9068:from the original on December 18, 2018
8988:from the original on February 23, 2020
8969:
8852:
8790:
8256:Charlie Jane Anders (26 August 2011).
8198:
7649:
7647:
7645:
7643:
7641:
7639:
7505:
7503:
7260:
7163:
7119:
7040:
7021:スクウェアの『アルファ』、ほぼ全シーンでアニメーション処理が導入されたADV
6939:
6878:Inventories: 1980s Video Game Heroines
6690:
6668:
6202:
6200:
5903:
5478:Impact on self-perception and identity
5307:Trends towards positive representation
4895:and attention to personal attire, and
4872:, which feature men in sexualized and
4637:
10913:
10749:
10359:
10016:
9983:
9901:
9848:
9764:
9753:games/ "Homosexuality in Video Games"
9646:
9218:
8936:
8778:from the original on November 8, 2019
8763:
8723:
8602:
7801:Near, Christopher E (February 2013).
7726:
7552:
7435:
7134:. Taylor & Francis. p. 163.
6894:. Hardcore Gaming 101. Archived from
6590:
6523:
6521:
6519:
6517:
6515:
6513:
6488:
6486:
6244:
6242:
6240:
6238:
6168:
5976:
5871:Portrayal of women in American comics
5424:
5407:
4765:for the pleasure of the male viewer.
4407:, is often used as an example of the
4268:to the male hero. Some of them, like
232:
194:game markets. Men composed 60-80% of
108:
11437:Entertainment Software Ass'n v. Foti
10566:
10494:
10155:
9621:
9573:
9446:"GLBT History in Video Games: 1990s"
9414:
9041:
8894:
8867:from the original on January 6, 2020
8655:"Do Videogame Stereotypes Hurt Men?"
8548:
8481:"Top 9 greatest video game heroines"
8079:Harris O'Malley (16 December 2011).
7800:
7694:Steven A. Schwartz, Janet Schwartz,
6991:
6381:
6248:
6151:
5897:
5501:
5470:gaming is primarily for one gender.
5366:Representation in the games industry
5343:Another example is the popular game
5287:Lesbian characters and the male gaze
4718:and a 50% lack of chest coverings".
4504:". A print ad for the fighting game
4292:in later instances of their series.
847:Gender representation in video games
11366:Family Entertainment Protection Act
10594:
10495:Near, Christopher E. (2013-02-01).
10235:
10229:
9415:Dale, Laura Kate (4 October 2017).
9305:from the original on April 21, 2019
9286:
8764:Brice, Mattie (November 28, 2011).
8686:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
8308:Brian Crecente (January 15, 2013).
8286:(1): 1. Winter 2003. Archived from
8121:"This is how to sell Soulcalibur V"
7708:TenSpot: Ten Best Female Characters
7636:
7527:
7509:
7500:
7053:. Vol.XII, No.2. Pp.173–196. 1986.
6593:"EEDAR Says the Chicks Are Alright"
6197:
5977:Ivory, James D. (1 February 2006).
5599:between male and female responses.
4679:
4541:, originating in the 1960s, is the
4328:focused exclusively on protagonist
3942:(1984), Toby Masuyo ("Kissy") from
145:Entertainment Software Rating Board
61:and is discussed in the context of
13:
10743:
10552:Duggan, Maeve (15 December 2015).
10214:. 20 February 2012. Archived from
9268:from the original on June 27, 2018
9235:from the original on July 20, 2017
9200:from the original on July 17, 2017
9007:Siliconera Staff (July 20, 2009).
8575:
8330:
8245:Women Fighters in Reasonable Armor
8041:Tropes vs Women Ms. Male Character
8033:
7302:Rougeau, Michael (March 4, 2013).
7196:Martens, Todd (28 February 2013).
6792:Otenba Becky no Daibouken – Review
6764:Carpenter, Nicole (May 13, 2022).
6693:"Women Join the Arcade Revolution"
6510:
6483:
6249:Near, Christopher E (2012-10-26).
6235:
5578:sports and war franchises such as
5399:Effect on attitudes towards gender
4624:are passive and dependent on men.
14:
11505:
11122:California v. Activision Blizzard
10952:List of controversial video games
10854:Hartmann, T.; Klimmt, C. (2006).
10464:Kuchera, Ben (21 November 2012).
10156:Good, Owen (September 27, 2018).
9254:Thurman, Trace (April 14, 2016).
9141:from the original on May 16, 2020
9105:from the original on May 16, 2020
9023:from the original on May 16, 2020
8970:Fenlon, Wes (February 19, 2020).
8951:from the original on June 8, 2019
8937:Tassi, Paul (November 28, 2012).
8918:from the original on May 10, 2020
8834:from the original on May 10, 2020
8460:Institut du Genre en Géopolitique
8094:David Griner (January 10, 2012).
7696:The Parent's Guide to Video Games
7436:Groux, Christopher (2018-05-24).
7051:Revue des Sciences de l'Education
6669:Messer, Madeline (4 March 2015).
5881:Sexual harassment in video gaming
5006:(2012). In Chapter 1 of the book
4899:, usually for humorous purposes.
4619:The portrayal of women as victims
4456:, who deeply identify with their
4346:
4247:series returned in the 2017 game
4191:series, the Sultan's daughter in
254:The characters of Light Elf from
10883:Mass Communication & Society
10873:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2006.00301.x
10588:
10560:
10488:
10419:
10410:
10401:
10392:
10353:
10339:10.1111/j.1468-2885.2009.01347.x
10267:Journal of Youth and Adolescence
10254:
10212:"The Concerns About Video Games"
10177:
10149:
10125:
10105:
10085:
10060:
10035:
10010:
9977:
9920:
9895:
9870:
9815:
9785:
9721:
9640:
9533:
9500:
9437:
9356:
9280:
9247:
9212:
9177:
9117:
9087:Mallory, Jordan (May 18, 2013).
9080:
9035:
9000:
8963:
8846:
8820:Douglas, Dante (April 7, 2016).
8738:10.1111/j.1747-9991.2008.00154.x
8717:
8704:
8631:"Are video games really sexist?"
7410:Crecente, Brian (23 June 2014).
7105:Barratt, Virginia (March 1994).
6439:Children, Youth and Environments
6060:Kaitlin Tremblay (1 June 2012).
5844:
5830:
5030:Male sexualization within fandom
4390:
3815:According to Madeline Messer in
3744:
3276:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2610:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
1726:
364:Diversity, equity, and inclusion
291:
163:, and 21% played PlayStation 3.
10641:
9287:Rad, Chloi (October 20, 2015).
8853:Stuart, Keith (July 10, 2015).
8732:(5). Wiley-Blackwell: 873–893.
8674:
8622:
8596:
8542:
8518:
8497:
8472:
8447:
8422:
8397:
8372:
8343:
8324:
8301:
8268:
8230:. MadArtLab.com. Archived from
8220:
8138:
8113:
8087:
8046:
8005:
7948:. Washington State University.
7935:
7894:
7851:
7794:
7777:
7752:
7741:from the original on 2013-10-31
7701:
7688:
7594:
7571:
7546:
7455:
7429:
7403:
7357:
7326:
7295:
7266:
7229:
7212:
7189:
7098:
7063:
7014:
6985:
6933:
6910:
6883:
6841:
6801:
6785:
6757:
6717:Kate Willaert (15 March 2021).
6710:
6662:
6615:
6426:
6415:from the original on 2014-10-22
6364:from the original on 2015-02-16
6348:Conditt, Jessica (2014-09-24).
5792:Average on a scale from 0 to 7
5766:Average on a scale from 0 to 7
5740:Average on a scale from 0 to 7
5474:valued or important in gaming.
5166:
4930:, a prominent character in the
4729:are generally to be protected.
4435:
11376:Truth in Video Game Rating Act
10567:Hall, Charlie (5 March 2015).
9877:Klepek, Patrick (2017-04-05).
9728:MacDonald, Keza (2012-01-25).
9507:MacDonald, Keza (2024-02-15).
9184:Barker, Sammy (May 19, 2013).
9124:Resident Evil (May 16, 2013).
8629:Houghton, David (2012-06-23).
8479:Hartlaub, Peter (2009-02-17).
7727:Ewalt, David M. (2013-08-31).
7553:Unkle, Jennifer (2017-03-09).
6998:Women in Classical Video Games
6591:Chalk, Andy (26 August 2010).
6459:10.7721/chilyoutenvi.19.1.0170
6017:
5983:Mass Communication and Society
5970:
5936:. The MIT Press. p. 247.
5904:Hansen, Jared Capener (2018).
5528:violent video games featuring
5070:LGBT characters in video games
4537:A recurrent representation of
4448:and representation in Digital
4335:Tomb Raider: Angel of Darkness
4296:, a supporting protagonist of
4061:title, Croft was depicted in "
3708:Women's suffrage organizations
260:(left) and Faith Connors from
57:, is a subject of research in
1:
11035:Super Columbine Massacre RPG!
10719:McDonald, Heidi, ed. (2017).
10133:"Represent Me | Represent Me"
10017:Frank, Allegra (2016-12-20).
9902:Frank, Allegra (2020-12-17).
9849:Baume, Matt (July 13, 2015).
8228:"Fantasy armor and lady bits"
8199:Griner, David (4 June 2013).
7462:Stephen Totilo (2013-06-20).
6538:Sex roles, 57(9-10), 733-742.
5891:
5876:Sex and nudity in video games
4609:described the 2013 reboot of
4569:. For example, the 2013 game
4151:The announcement trailer for
3792:
11351:Intellectual property rights
10839:10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.10.002
10595:Yee, Nick (29 August 2017).
9448:. Gaming Bus. Archived from
9219:Liebl, Matt (May 14, 2013).
9042:Funk, John (July 21, 2009).
8357:. 2002-12-31. Archived from
7784:Morawitz, Elizabeth (2007).
7624:"Femininity and Video Games"
7342:. 2010-01-06. Archived from
7269:"Lara Croft and her sisters"
7245:. 2005-05-21. Archived from
7115:. No. 4. pp. 10–1.
6992:Love, Dunstan (2022-08-11).
6403:Laughlin, Dan (2013-03-29).
6137:10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.10.002
5714:By mentions in the articles
5689:By mentions in the articles
5202:Forms of LGBT representation
5060:Portrayal of LGBT characters
4983:echoing similar statements.
4004:et al. published a study in
3829:
3693:Suffragists and suffragettes
3623:American feminist literature
815:Portrayal in American comics
406:Heads of state or government
186:/bubble-shooter, management/
147:reported that 80% of female
126:Pac-Man Championship Edition
7:
10622:"Female Gamers Survey 2020"
10428:Computers in Human Behavior
9984:Favis, Elise (2020-07-22).
6306:Natxo Medina (2014-09-24).
5823:
5623:2000s quantitative overview
4922:
4902:
4530:, also feature pronounced "
4259:stereotype of a trans woman
3860:." The earlier arcade game
2933:Views on transgender topics
2923:Views on sexual orientation
10:
11510:
10895:10.1207/S15327825MCS0503_3
10750:Brown, Jeffrey A. (2011).
10362:"[No title found]"
10236:Lim, Nathan (2014-12-08).
10198:10.1016/j.jesp.2008.06.002
9822:Gera, Emily (2014-02-28).
9765:Fahey, Mike (2009-04-29).
9368:Birmingham City University
8904:MCV Staff (June 1, 2016).
8081:"Nerds and Male Privilege"
7920:10.1016/j.jesp.2020.104051
6892:"Obscure Namco characters"
6823:"Barbie – Release Details"
6691:Worley, Joyce (May 1982).
5995:10.1207/s15327825mcs0901_6
5078:
5066:LGBT themes in video games
5063:
4975:. American horror website
4959:Resident Evil: Revelations
3984:(1986), and Valkyrie from
3821:in 2015, among the top 50
3796:
243:
236:
112:
11421:
11361:1993 U.S. Senate hearings
11356:Video Recordings Act 1984
11346:
11339:
11224:regionally censored games
11206:
11143:
11106:
10965:
10947:
10817:10.1007/s11199-006-9158-0
10783:10.1080/15401380801995076
10697:10.1007/s11199-007-9278-1
10513:10.1007/s11199-012-0231-6
10440:10.1016/j.chb.2022.107341
10279:10.1007/s10964-017-0659-7
9945:10.1007/s11199-009-9701-x
9730:"A Gay History of Gaming"
9492:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
9471:Ripplinger, Mike (2002).
8549:Hern, Alex (2013-09-18).
7872:10.1007/s11199-009-9637-1
7819:10.1007/s11199-012-0231-6
7673:10.1007/s11199-006-9158-0
7633:, Retrieved on 2021-02-28
7614:. Retrieved on 2008-12-28
7591:. Retrieved on 2008-12-14
7528:Cox, Susan (2017-04-19).
7242:The Sydney Morning Herald
7084:10.1007/s11199-009-9683-8
6973:www.hardcoregaming101.net
6917:Sean Aaron (2009-10-09).
6854:. p.35. Sogo Kagaku Pub.
6640:10.1007/s11199-009-9637-1
6567:10.1007/s11199-007-9250-0
6267:10.1007/s11199-012-0231-6
6221:10.1007/s11199-007-9278-1
5591:A 2013 study showed that
5336:, a transgender man from
4696:Stereotyping and violence
4539:women in fantasy settings
4371:, the main antagonist in
4163:women on the British side
3948:(1985), Kurumi-Hime from
3892:Otenba Becky no Daibouken
3724:Women's rights by country
2630:Female genital mutilation
11198:Corrupted Blood incident
11091:Digital Homicide Studios
10941:Video game controversies
10360:Dietz, Tracy L. (1998).
9661:10.1177/1555412013478688
9588:10.1177/1555412009339729
9473:"The Two Phantasy Stars"
8454:admin-dev (2021-03-26).
8147:"To My Someday Daughter"
7987:Journal of Communication
7698:, Prima Pub., 1994 (p.8)
7578:Top 50 Videogame Hotties
7382:10.1177/1555412016679584
6024:Kondrat, Xeniya (2015).
4643:violence against women.
4475:
4357:(1991) and its sequels.
4232:Super Mario Bros. Wonder
4173:As supporting characters
3997:The Psychological Record
3729:Feminists by nationality
3703:Women's studies journals
3698:Women's rights activists
2416:Movements and ideologies
208:action role-playing game
11156:Cheating in video games
10378:10.1023/A:1018709905920
9622:Shaw, Adrienne (2014).
8605:"On Gender and 'GTA 5'"
7497:, Retrieved 9 May 2015.
6183:10.1023/A:1018709905920
5388:30th GLAAD Media Awards
5338:Dragon Age: Inquisition
5264:Dragon Age: Inquisition
5246:Far Cry 3: Blood Dragon
5117:or ridicule. Companies
4444:A 2011 study regarding
4399:The video game heroine
4088:and force. Contrarily,
3960:(1985), Alexandra from
3117:International relations
1978:Intersectional variants
401:Conservatives in the US
374:Explorers and travelers
11484:Gender and video games
11381:Video Game Decency Act
11173:Death of Brandon Crisp
11151:Blitzchung controversy
10556:. Pew Research Center.
9444:Steltenpohl, Crystal.
8043:". Feminist Frequency.
7601:Top 11 Girls of Gaming
6880:. Hardcore Gaming 101.
6847:Naoki Miyamoto (2017).
6095:Consalvo, Mia (2003).
5274:Mass Effect: Andromeda
5107:history of video games
4810:Men as power fantasies
4567:violence against women
4561:Violence against women
4490:
4417:sexual objectification
4412:
4409:sexual objectification
4095:Beyond Good & Evil
3643:Conservative feminisms
2898:Bicycling and feminism
2874:Women in the workforce
2842:Violence against women
2817:Sexual objectification
2777:Opposition to feminism
2034:Vegetarian ecofeminism
704:In Shakespeare's works
275:
129:
79:sexual objectification
63:sexism in video gaming
42:
11494:Women and video games
11241:Gender representation
11183:2017 Wichita swatting
9792:Alexander Sliwinski.
9044:"Chris Redfield Goes
8889:Dill & Thill 2007
8830:. Paste Media Group.
8682:"Feminist Aesthetics"
8280:Media Report to Women
6944:. Hardcore Gaming 101
6492:Ivory, J. D. (2006).
5860:Gamergate controversy
5806:Narrative attributes
5780:Narrative attributes
5360:Dontnod Entertainment
4852:Men as sexual objects
4483:
4398:
4113:(2013), the rebooted
4092:, the protagonist of
4051:, the protagonist of
3673:Feminist rhetoricians
3663:Feminist philosophers
3215:Revisionist mythology
2918:Views on prostitution
2903:Criticism of marriage
2593:Children's literature
460:Nobel Prize laureates
253:
239:Women and video games
123:A young girl playing
122:
22:
11451:Epic Games v. Google
11193:match fixing scandal
11128:ABK Workers Alliance
11109:workplace misconduct
11077:Six Days in Fallujah
10327:Communication Theory
8603:Tassi, Paul (2013).
8039:Sarkeesian, Anita. "
6898:on 26 September 2013
5886:Race and video games
5569:Players' preferences
5488:identity development
5412:Canadian non-profit
5131:Japanese video games
4745:is connected to the
4733:Sexualization of men
4595:The 1982 adult game
4572:Dead Island: Riptide
4403:, here portrayed by
4226:Super Mario 3D World
4201:through much of the
4018:In 1994, Australian
3981:The Return of Ishtar
3963:Lode Runner's Rescue
3939:Jenny of the Prairie
3788:As player characters
3653:Feminist art critics
3628:Feminist comic books
3585:Lists and categories
3264:By continent/country
3095:Pathways perspective
2978:Gender mainstreaming
2913:Views on pornography
2822:Substantive equality
2802:Reproductive justice
2752:Matriarchal religion
2605:Diversity (politics)
2541:Political lesbianism
1851:Other women's rights
1617:United Arab Emirates
554:in the United States
369:Economic development
359:Diversity (politics)
345:Female entrepreneurs
223:first-person shooter
11444:Epic Games v. Apple
11144:Other controversies
10554:"Gaming and Gamers"
10470:Penny Arcade Report
10137:representme.charity
8530:www.gamestudies.org
7249:on October 15, 2007
6382:ESRB (2014-09-24).
5636:
5575:Penny Arcade Report
5140:Super Mario Bros. 2
4638:Sexualized violence
4377:(1999). Similarly,
4288:, were turned into
4245:The Legend of Zelda
4237:The Legend of Zelda
4220:Super Mario Bros. 2
4188:The Legend of Zelda
4081:The Longest Journey
4069:Tomb Raider: Legend
4026:video game industry
3972:(1986), Chris from
3936:(1984), Jenny from
3930:(1984), Papri from
3894:(1983), Lilly from
3890:(1982), Becky from
3818:The Washington Post
3751:Feminism portal
3658:Feminist economists
3648:Ecofeminist authors
3453:Trinidad and Tobago
3393:Republic of Ireland
3085:Composition studies
2852:Women's empowerment
2807:Sex workers' rights
2732:Feminist capitalism
2712:Internalized sexism
2645:Feminism in culture
1753:History of feminism
1602:Trinidad and Tobago
837:Speculative fiction
730:Theological figures
675:Feminist philosophy
475:Reproductive rights
281:Part of a series on
138:Pew Research Center
37:The Legend of Zelda
11458:Strickland v. Sony
11263:Simulator sickness
10957:Video game culture
10691:(11–12): 851–864.
9714:10.5817/cp2015-3-3
9452:on 27 October 2016
9264:. The Collective.
8726:Philosophy Compass
7999:10.1111/jcom.12237
7866:(11–12): 721–733.
7713:2012-10-24 at the
7629:2021-02-28 at the
7606:2009-02-16 at the
7583:2009-02-15 at the
7493:2015-05-18 at the
6921:. nintendolife.com
6603:on 21 January 2020
6534:2015-01-01 at the
6507:on March 26, 2004.
6499:2014-12-24 at the
6215:(11–12): 851–864.
5838:Video games portal
5658:Female characters
5652:Subcharacteristic
5634:
5425:Gender stereotypes
5408:Effect on children
5229:Sexual orientation
5054:Fan interpretation
5036:fan interpretation
4704:Grand Theft Auto V
4584:Grand Theft Auto V
4491:
4413:
4411:of women in games.
4374:Final Fantasy VIII
4250:Breath of the Wild
4179:damsel in distress
3803:A 2006 study from
3063:Literary criticism
2928:Views on sexuality
2615:Effects on society
2583:Complementarianism
2558:Women's liberation
2313:Religious variants
2287:trans-exclusionary
2005:Radical lesbianism
1167:Dominican Republic
934:Mixed martial arts
904:Fastpitch softball
485:Violence and abuse
470:Positions of power
276:
233:Portrayal of women
130:
109:Gamer demographics
87:damsel in distress
43:
11489:Mass media issues
11471:
11470:
11467:
11466:
11408:Video game piracy
11391:Microtransactions
10734:978-1-35164-473-0
10113:"GDC 2023 – IGDA"
9649:Games and Culture
9633:978-0-8166-9315-3
9576:Games and Culture
9353:, pp. 23–24.
9261:Bloody Disgusting
9062:Enthusiast Gaming
9017:Enthusiast Gaming
7370:Games and Culture
7141:978-0-415-97721-0
7007:978-1-350-24193-0
6860:978-4-88181-859-6
6798:. March 20, 2018.
6721:. A Critical Hit!
5943:978-0-262-11319-9
5821:
5820:
5797:Miller / Summers
5771:Miller / Summers
5745:Miller / Summers
5719:Miller / Summers
5694:Miller / Summers
5502:Social influences
5191:World of Warcraft
5034:Lastly, there is
4977:Bloody Disgusting
4944:Microsoft Windows
4881:heteronormativity
4547:chainmail bikinis
4290:player characters
4127:benevolent sexism
4122:Beyond: Two Souls
4110:Bioshock Infinite
4036:Street Fighter II
3987:Valkyrie no Bōken
3874:, the heroine of
3839:arcade video game
3785:
3784:
3736:
3735:
3255:
3254:
3245:womanist theology
3188:Political ecology
3019:Écriture féminine
2946:
2945:
2837:Triple oppression
2827:Toxic masculinity
2812:Sexual harassment
2672:Feminist stripper
2650:Feminist movement
2206:
2205:
2137:Africana womanism
1968:
1967:
1705:
1704:
909:Football / soccer
832:Fictional pirates
624:Art history field
500:Exchange of women
99:heteronormativity
45:The portrayal of
11501:
11344:
11343:
11049:Ethnic Cleansing
10981:Custer's Revenge
10934:
10927:
10920:
10911:
10910:
10906:
10877:
10875:
10850:
10821:
10819:
10794:
10765:
10738:
10715:
10713:
10711:
10673:
10636:
10635:
10633:
10632:
10618:
10612:
10611:
10609:
10607:
10592:
10586:
10585:
10583:
10581:
10564:
10558:
10557:
10549:
10543:
10542:
10532:
10507:(3–4): 252–269.
10492:
10486:
10485:
10483:
10481:
10476:on 21 March 2013
10472:. Archived from
10461:
10452:
10451:
10423:
10417:
10414:
10408:
10405:
10399:
10396:
10390:
10389:
10372:(5/6): 425–442.
10357:
10351:
10350:
10318:
10309:
10308:
10298:
10273:(9): 2047–2059.
10258:
10252:
10251:
10249:
10248:
10233:
10227:
10226:
10224:
10223:
10208:
10202:
10201:
10192:(5): 1402–1408.
10181:
10175:
10174:
10172:
10170:
10153:
10147:
10146:
10144:
10143:
10129:
10123:
10122:
10120:
10119:
10109:
10103:
10102:
10100:
10099:
10089:
10083:
10082:
10080:
10079:
10064:
10058:
10057:
10055:
10054:
10039:
10033:
10032:
10030:
10029:
10014:
10008:
10007:
10005:
10004:
9981:
9975:
9974:
9964:
9939:(3–4): 226–240.
9924:
9918:
9917:
9915:
9914:
9899:
9893:
9892:
9890:
9889:
9874:
9868:
9867:
9865:
9863:
9846:
9840:
9839:
9837:
9836:
9819:
9813:
9812:
9810:
9809:
9800:. Archived from
9789:
9783:
9782:
9780:
9779:
9762:
9756:
9750:
9744:
9743:
9741:
9740:
9725:
9719:
9718:
9716:
9692:
9681:
9680:
9644:
9638:
9637:
9619:
9608:
9607:
9571:
9556:
9555:
9553:
9552:
9537:
9531:
9530:
9528:
9527:
9504:
9498:
9497:
9491:
9483:
9481:
9480:
9468:
9462:
9461:
9459:
9457:
9441:
9435:
9434:
9432:
9430:
9412:
9406:
9405:
9387:
9378:
9377:
9375:
9374:
9360:
9354:
9348:
9342:
9336:
9330:
9324:
9315:
9314:
9312:
9310:
9284:
9278:
9277:
9275:
9273:
9251:
9245:
9244:
9242:
9240:
9216:
9210:
9209:
9207:
9205:
9181:
9175:
9169:
9163:
9157:
9151:
9150:
9148:
9146:
9121:
9115:
9114:
9112:
9110:
9084:
9078:
9077:
9075:
9073:
9039:
9033:
9032:
9030:
9028:
9004:
8998:
8997:
8995:
8993:
8967:
8961:
8960:
8958:
8956:
8934:
8928:
8927:
8925:
8923:
8901:
8892:
8886:
8877:
8876:
8874:
8872:
8850:
8844:
8843:
8841:
8839:
8817:
8788:
8787:
8785:
8783:
8761:
8742:
8741:
8721:
8715:
8708:
8702:
8701:
8695:
8693:
8678:
8672:
8671:
8669:
8668:
8651:
8645:
8644:
8642:
8641:
8626:
8620:
8619:
8617:
8615:
8600:
8594:
8593:
8591:
8590:
8579:
8573:
8572:
8570:
8569:
8546:
8540:
8539:
8537:
8536:
8522:
8516:
8515:
8513:
8512:
8501:
8495:
8494:
8492:
8491:
8476:
8470:
8469:
8467:
8466:
8451:
8445:
8444:
8442:
8441:
8426:
8420:
8419:
8417:
8416:
8401:
8395:
8394:
8392:
8391:
8376:
8370:
8369:
8367:
8366:
8361:on June 30, 2007
8347:
8341:
8340:
8328:
8322:
8321:
8319:
8317:
8305:
8299:
8298:
8296:
8295:
8272:
8266:
8265:
8253:
8247:
8242:
8236:
8235:
8224:
8218:
8217:
8215:
8213:
8196:
8190:
8189:
8187:
8185:
8168:
8162:
8161:
8159:
8158:
8149:. Archived from
8142:
8136:
8135:
8133:
8132:
8127:. 5 January 2012
8117:
8111:
8110:
8108:
8106:
8091:
8085:
8084:
8076:
8067:
8066:
8064:
8062:
8050:
8044:
8037:
8031:
8030:
8028:
8026:
8009:
8003:
8002:
7982:
7976:
7975:
7965:
7957:
7939:
7933:
7932:
7922:
7898:
7892:
7891:
7855:
7849:
7848:
7838:
7813:(3–4): 252–269.
7798:
7792:
7791:
7781:
7775:
7774:
7772:
7771:
7756:
7750:
7749:
7747:
7746:
7724:
7718:
7705:
7699:
7692:
7686:
7685:
7675:
7666:(3–4): 141–148.
7651:
7634:
7621:
7615:
7598:
7592:
7575:
7569:
7568:
7566:
7565:
7550:
7544:
7543:
7541:
7540:
7534:Feminist Current
7525:
7516:
7515:
7512:Western Folklore
7507:
7498:
7485:
7479:
7478:
7476:
7474:
7459:
7453:
7452:
7450:
7448:
7433:
7427:
7426:
7424:
7422:
7407:
7401:
7400:
7398:
7396:
7361:
7355:
7354:
7352:
7351:
7330:
7324:
7323:
7321:
7319:
7314:on March 7, 2013
7310:. Archived from
7299:
7293:
7292:
7287:
7286:
7280:
7273:
7264:
7258:
7257:
7255:
7254:
7233:
7227:
7226:
7216:
7210:
7209:
7204:. Archived from
7193:
7187:
7186:
7184:
7183:
7174:. Archived from
7161:
7155:
7154:
7149:
7148:
7128:"Player culture"
7123:
7117:
7116:
7102:
7096:
7095:
7067:
7061:
7047:
7038:
7037:. June 23, 2020.
7036:
7028:Impress Holdings
7025:
7018:
7012:
7011:
6989:
6983:
6982:
6980:
6979:
6965:
6954:
6953:
6951:
6949:
6942:"Ninja Princess"
6937:
6931:
6930:
6928:
6926:
6914:
6908:
6907:
6905:
6903:
6887:
6881:
6875:
6862:
6853:
6849:エロゲー文化研究概論 増補改訂版
6845:
6839:
6838:
6836:
6835:
6819:
6813:
6812:
6805:
6799:
6789:
6783:
6782:
6780:
6778:
6761:
6755:
6754:
6737:
6731:
6730:
6728:
6726:
6714:
6708:
6707:
6705:
6704:
6697:Electronic Games
6688:
6682:
6681:
6679:
6677:
6666:
6660:
6659:
6619:
6613:
6612:
6610:
6608:
6599:. Archived from
6588:
6579:
6578:
6561:(5–6): 419–433.
6550:
6539:
6525:
6508:
6490:
6481:
6480:
6470:
6430:
6424:
6423:
6421:
6420:
6400:
6394:
6393:
6391:
6390:
6379:
6373:
6372:
6370:
6369:
6345:
6336:
6329:
6323:
6322:
6320:
6319:
6310:. Archived from
6303:
6297:
6296:
6286:
6261:(3–4): 252–269.
6246:
6233:
6232:
6204:
6195:
6194:
6177:(5/6): 425–442.
6166:
6149:
6148:
6120:
6111:
6110:
6092:
6079:
6078:
6076:
6074:
6057:
6046:
6045:
6021:
6015:
6014:
5974:
5968:
5967:
5961:
5957:
5955:
5947:
5929:
5920:
5919:
5901:
5866:Media and gender
5854:
5849:
5848:
5847:
5840:
5835:
5834:
5833:
5655:Male characters
5637:
5633:
5604:Rosalind Wiseman
5050:player character
4846:hypermasculinity
4820:superhero comics
4690:hypermasculinity
4680:Portrayal of men
4668:Grand Theft Auto
4598:Custer's Revenge
4590:Target Australia
4588:so much so that
4578:Grand Theft Auto
4243:Gerudo women in
4194:Prince of Persia
4135:Assassin's Creed
4007:Psychology Today
3978:(1986), Ki from
3928:
3916:
3777:
3770:
3763:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3688:Feminist parties
3683:Muslim feminists
3678:Jewish feminists
3589:
3588:
3570:History of women
3193:Political theory
2961:
2960:
2891:
2890:
2864:
2857:Women-only space
2742:Likeability trap
2707:Invisible labour
2625:Female education
2434:Anti-pornography
2289:
2288:
2284:
2000:Lesbian of color
1983:
1982:
1860:Women's suffrage
1836:Muslim countries
1831:Women's suffrage
1748:Feminist history
1741:
1740:
1730:
1707:
1706:
1697:
1690:
1683:
1367:Marshall Islands
944:Paralympic Games
575:
352:
317:
295:
286:Women in society
278:
277:
221:players, 66% of
11509:
11508:
11504:
11503:
11502:
11500:
11499:
11498:
11474:
11473:
11472:
11463:
11417:
11335:
11253:Health problems
11202:
11139:
11108:
11102:
11042:Muslim Massacre
10961:
10943:
10938:
10762:
10746:
10744:Further reading
10741:
10735:
10709:
10707:
10670:
10644:
10639:
10630:
10628:
10620:
10619:
10615:
10605:
10603:
10601:Quantic Foundry
10593:
10589:
10579:
10577:
10565:
10561:
10550:
10546:
10493:
10489:
10479:
10477:
10462:
10455:
10424:
10420:
10415:
10411:
10406:
10402:
10397:
10393:
10358:
10354:
10319:
10312:
10259:
10255:
10246:
10244:
10234:
10230:
10221:
10219:
10210:
10209:
10205:
10182:
10178:
10168:
10166:
10154:
10150:
10141:
10139:
10131:
10130:
10126:
10117:
10115:
10111:
10110:
10106:
10097:
10095:
10091:
10090:
10086:
10077:
10075:
10066:
10065:
10061:
10052:
10050:
10041:
10040:
10036:
10027:
10025:
10015:
10011:
10002:
10000:
9990:Washington Post
9982:
9978:
9925:
9921:
9912:
9910:
9900:
9896:
9887:
9885:
9875:
9871:
9861:
9859:
9847:
9843:
9834:
9832:
9820:
9816:
9807:
9805:
9790:
9786:
9777:
9775:
9763:
9759:
9755:, by Lydia Sung
9751:
9747:
9738:
9736:
9726:
9722:
9693:
9684:
9645:
9641:
9634:
9620:
9611:
9572:
9559:
9550:
9548:
9539:
9538:
9534:
9525:
9523:
9505:
9501:
9485:
9484:
9478:
9476:
9469:
9465:
9455:
9453:
9442:
9438:
9428:
9426:
9413:
9409:
9402:
9388:
9381:
9372:
9370:
9362:
9361:
9357:
9349:
9345:
9337:
9333:
9325:
9318:
9308:
9306:
9285:
9281:
9271:
9269:
9252:
9248:
9238:
9236:
9217:
9213:
9203:
9201:
9182:
9178:
9170:
9166:
9158:
9154:
9144:
9142:
9122:
9118:
9108:
9106:
9085:
9081:
9071:
9069:
9040:
9036:
9026:
9024:
9005:
9001:
8991:
8989:
8968:
8964:
8954:
8952:
8935:
8931:
8921:
8919:
8902:
8895:
8891:, pp. 857.
8887:
8880:
8870:
8868:
8851:
8847:
8837:
8835:
8818:
8791:
8781:
8779:
8774:. Sarah Zupko.
8762:
8745:
8722:
8718:
8709:
8705:
8691:
8689:
8680:
8679:
8675:
8666:
8664:
8653:
8652:
8648:
8639:
8637:
8627:
8623:
8613:
8611:
8601:
8597:
8588:
8586:
8581:
8580:
8576:
8567:
8565:
8547:
8543:
8534:
8532:
8524:
8523:
8519:
8510:
8508:
8503:
8502:
8498:
8489:
8487:
8477:
8473:
8464:
8462:
8452:
8448:
8439:
8437:
8428:
8427:
8423:
8414:
8412:
8403:
8402:
8398:
8389:
8387:
8378:
8377:
8373:
8364:
8362:
8349:
8348:
8344:
8331:Makuch, Eddie.
8329:
8325:
8315:
8313:
8306:
8302:
8293:
8291:
8274:
8273:
8269:
8254:
8250:
8243:
8239:
8226:
8225:
8221:
8211:
8209:
8197:
8193:
8183:
8181:
8169:
8165:
8156:
8154:
8143:
8139:
8130:
8128:
8119:
8118:
8114:
8104:
8102:
8092:
8088:
8077:
8070:
8060:
8058:
8051:
8047:
8038:
8034:
8024:
8022:
8011:
8010:
8006:
7983:
7979:
7959:
7958:
7940:
7936:
7899:
7895:
7856:
7852:
7799:
7795:
7782:
7778:
7769:
7767:
7758:
7757:
7753:
7744:
7742:
7725:
7721:
7715:Wayback Machine
7706:
7702:
7693:
7689:
7652:
7637:
7631:Wayback Machine
7622:
7618:
7608:Wayback Machine
7599:
7595:
7585:Wayback Machine
7576:
7572:
7563:
7561:
7551:
7547:
7538:
7536:
7526:
7519:
7508:
7501:
7495:Wayback Machine
7486:
7482:
7472:
7470:
7460:
7456:
7446:
7444:
7434:
7430:
7420:
7418:
7408:
7404:
7394:
7392:
7362:
7358:
7349:
7347:
7332:
7331:
7327:
7317:
7315:
7300:
7296:
7284:
7282:
7278:
7271:
7265:
7261:
7252:
7250:
7235:
7234:
7230:
7217:
7213:
7194:
7190:
7181:
7179:
7162:
7158:
7146:
7144:
7142:
7124:
7120:
7103:
7099:
7078:(11): 808–823.
7068:
7064:
7048:
7041:
7030:
7023:
7019:
7015:
7008:
6990:
6986:
6977:
6975:
6967:
6966:
6957:
6947:
6945:
6938:
6934:
6924:
6922:
6915:
6911:
6901:
6899:
6888:
6884:
6876:
6865:
6851:
6846:
6842:
6833:
6831:
6821:
6820:
6816:
6807:
6806:
6802:
6790:
6786:
6776:
6774:
6762:
6758:
6751:
6739:
6738:
6734:
6724:
6722:
6715:
6711:
6702:
6700:
6689:
6685:
6675:
6673:
6667:
6663:
6634:(11): 721–733.
6620:
6616:
6606:
6604:
6589:
6582:
6551:
6542:
6536:Wayback Machine
6526:
6511:
6501:Wayback Machine
6491:
6484:
6431:
6427:
6418:
6416:
6401:
6397:
6388:
6386:
6380:
6376:
6367:
6365:
6346:
6339:
6330:
6326:
6317:
6315:
6304:
6300:
6247:
6236:
6205:
6198:
6167:
6152:
6121:
6114:
6107:
6093:
6082:
6072:
6070:
6058:
6049:
6022:
6018:
5975:
5971:
5959:
5958:
5949:
5948:
5944:
5930:
5923:
5902:
5898:
5894:
5852:Feminism portal
5850:
5845:
5843:
5836:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5757:Attractiveness
5649:Characteristic
5625:
5571:
5558:
5530:hyper-masculine
5525:
5504:
5484:self-perception
5480:
5467:
5427:
5410:
5401:
5396:
5368:
5358:, developed by
5346:Life is Strange
5309:
5289:
5233:gender identity
5204:
5181:heteronormative
5169:
5125:of America and
5081:
5072:
5064:Main articles:
5062:
5040:Garrus Vakarian
5032:
4939:Resident Evil 5
4925:
4907:
4854:
4840:, but serve as
4812:
4735:
4698:
4682:
4659:
4640:
4621:
4563:
4478:
4446:gender identity
4438:
4393:
4349:
4255:transmisogynist
4175:
3922:
3910:
3897:Lilly Adventure
3880:(1986) and its
3832:
3823:endless running
3801:
3795:
3790:
3781:
3745:
3743:
3738:
3737:
3639:
3586:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3485:Northern Cyprus
3265:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3073:Science fiction
3024:
3003:Women's studies
2968:Feminist method
2958:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2888:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2862:
2772:Oedipus complex
2762:Men in feminism
2727:Language reform
2702:Ideal womanhood
2682:Gender equality
2677:Formal equality
2640:Feminationalism
2578:Cognitive labor
2572:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2519:Post-structural
2418:
2408:
2407:
2406:
2315:
2305:
2304:
2303:
2286:
2283:Gender-critical
2282:
2281:
2232:Femonationalism
2216:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2181:Native American
2121:
2076:Critical theory
2038:
1980:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1919:Second Republic
1847:
1817:
1784:
1758:Women's history
1738:
1701:
1672:
1671:
1007:
997:
996:
989:
977:Track and field
864:
854:
853:
805:
804:Popular culture
797:
796:
725:
724:
709:
708:
663:Science fiction
609:
608:
590:
589:
573:
524:
523:
505:
504:
480:Venture capital
445:Law enforcement
350:
335:Animal advocacy
331:
311:
308:Women's history
303:
248:
242:
235:
202:, card battle,
117:
111:
101:of the medium.
17:
12:
11:
5:
11507:
11497:
11496:
11491:
11486:
11469:
11468:
11465:
11464:
11462:
11461:
11454:
11447:
11440:
11433:
11425:
11423:
11419:
11418:
11416:
11415:
11410:
11405:
11400:
11399:
11398:
11388:
11383:
11378:
11373:
11368:
11363:
11358:
11353:
11347:
11341:
11337:
11336:
11334:
11333:
11332:
11331:
11321:
11316:
11315:
11314:
11309:
11304:
11297:Sexual content
11294:
11289:
11288:
11287:
11277:
11272:
11271:
11270:
11265:
11260:
11250:
11249:
11248:
11238:
11233:
11228:
11227:
11226:
11221:
11210:
11208:
11207:Social aspects
11204:
11203:
11201:
11200:
11195:
11191:Counter-Strike
11187:
11186:
11185:
11175:
11170:
11169:
11168:
11163:
11153:
11147:
11145:
11141:
11140:
11138:
11137:
11132:
11131:
11130:
11118:
11116:Crunch culture
11112:
11110:
11107:Harassment and
11104:
11103:
11101:
11100:
11097:Active Shooter
11093:
11088:
11080:
11073:
11066:
11063:V-Tech Rampage
11059:
11052:
11045:
11038:
11031:
11024:
11017:
11010:
11003:
10998:
10991:
10984:
10977:
10969:
10967:
10963:
10962:
10960:
10959:
10954:
10948:
10945:
10944:
10937:
10936:
10929:
10922:
10914:
10908:
10907:
10889:(3): 279–293.
10878:
10866:(4): 910–931.
10851:
10822:
10795:
10766:
10761:978-1604737141
10760:
10745:
10742:
10740:
10739:
10733:
10716:
10674:
10669:978-1783295012
10668:
10645:
10643:
10640:
10638:
10637:
10613:
10587:
10559:
10544:
10487:
10453:
10418:
10409:
10400:
10391:
10352:
10333:(4): 351–373.
10310:
10253:
10242:Game Developer
10228:
10203:
10176:
10148:
10124:
10104:
10084:
10059:
10034:
10009:
9976:
9919:
9894:
9869:
9841:
9814:
9784:
9757:
9745:
9720:
9682:
9639:
9632:
9609:
9582:(3): 228–253.
9557:
9532:
9499:
9463:
9436:
9407:
9400:
9379:
9355:
9343:
9331:
9329:, pp. 23.
9316:
9279:
9246:
9211:
9176:
9174:, pp. 37.
9164:
9162:, pp. 39.
9152:
9136:Facebook, Inc.
9126:"Sailor Chris"
9116:
9079:
9034:
8999:
8962:
8929:
8893:
8878:
8845:
8789:
8743:
8716:
8703:
8673:
8646:
8621:
8595:
8585:. 7 April 2016
8574:
8541:
8517:
8496:
8471:
8446:
8421:
8396:
8371:
8342:
8323:
8300:
8267:
8248:
8237:
8234:on 2012-11-08.
8219:
8191:
8163:
8145:Geordie Tait.
8137:
8112:
8086:
8068:
8045:
8032:
8021:. 27 July 2016
8004:
7993:(4): 564–584.
7977:
7934:
7893:
7850:
7793:
7776:
7751:
7719:
7700:
7687:
7635:
7616:
7593:
7570:
7559:Paste Magazine
7545:
7517:
7499:
7480:
7454:
7428:
7402:
7376:(8): 843–860.
7356:
7325:
7294:
7259:
7228:
7211:
7208:on 2016-02-03.
7188:
7156:
7140:
7118:
7097:
7062:
7039:
7013:
7006:
6984:
6955:
6932:
6909:
6882:
6863:
6840:
6814:
6800:
6784:
6756:
6749:
6732:
6709:
6683:
6661:
6614:
6580:
6540:
6509:
6482:
6445:(1): 170–196.
6425:
6395:
6374:
6337:
6324:
6298:
6234:
6196:
6150:
6112:
6106:978-0415965781
6105:
6080:
6047:
6036:(1): 171–193.
6016:
5989:(1): 103–114.
5969:
5942:
5921:
5895:
5893:
5890:
5889:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5856:
5855:
5841:
5825:
5822:
5819:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5810:
5807:
5804:
5801:
5798:
5794:
5793:
5790:
5787:
5784:
5781:
5778:
5775:
5772:
5768:
5767:
5764:
5761:
5758:
5755:
5754:Sexualization
5752:
5749:
5746:
5742:
5741:
5738:
5735:
5732:
5729:
5728:Sexualization
5726:
5723:
5720:
5716:
5715:
5712:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5698:
5695:
5691:
5690:
5687:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5670:
5667:
5663:
5662:
5659:
5656:
5653:
5650:
5647:
5644:
5641:
5624:
5621:
5570:
5567:
5557:
5554:
5524:
5521:
5503:
5500:
5479:
5476:
5466:
5463:
5426:
5423:
5409:
5406:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5367:
5364:
5319:The Last of Us
5308:
5305:
5288:
5285:
5280:Cyberpunk 2077
5241:Lucien Soulban
5203:
5200:
5168:
5165:
5160:Chrono Trigger
5080:
5077:
5061:
5058:
5031:
5028:
4973:Village People
4928:Chris Redfield
4924:
4921:
4906:
4901:
4853:
4850:
4838:sexual arousal
4811:
4808:
4796:, writing for
4763:sexual objects
4734:
4731:
4709:Trevor Philips
4697:
4694:
4686:power fantasy,
4681:
4678:
4658:
4655:
4639:
4636:
4620:
4617:
4603:General Custer
4562:
4559:
4543:female warrior
4532:breast physics
4528:fighting games
4477:
4474:
4437:
4434:
4405:Alison Carroll
4392:
4389:
4348:
4347:As antagonists
4345:
4199:Princess Peach
4183:Princess Zelda
4174:
4171:
4104:The Last of Us
4086:aggressiveness
4013:oversexualized
3951:Ninja Princess
3831:
3828:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3772:
3765:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3740:
3739:
3734:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3726:
3718:
3717:
3713:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3668:Feminist poets
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3638:
3637:
3635:Feminist songs
3632:
3631:
3630:
3625:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3611:by nationality
3603:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3572:
3562:
3560:United Kingdom
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3314:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3247:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3184:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3171:Existentialism
3168:
3167:
3166:
3164:Justice ethics
3156:
3151:
3146:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3122:Constructivism
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3034:
3031:
3030:
3029:Areas of study
3026:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2973:Gender studies
2970:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2940:
2938:SCUM Manifesto
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2894:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2882:
2881:
2877:
2876:
2871:
2869:Women's rights
2866:
2863:Women's health
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2747:Male privilege
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2716:International
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2585:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2553:Technofeminism
2550:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2497:
2492:
2482:
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2480:
2479:
2478:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2436:
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2426:
2420:
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2414:
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2387:
2382:
2377:
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2365:
2355:
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2328:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2310:
2307:
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2302:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2278:
2277:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2256:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2215:Other variants
2214:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2097:
2096:
2095:
2085:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2068:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2050:
2047:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1992:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1941:Cayman Islands
1936:United Kingdom
1933:
1928:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1846:
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1838:
1827:
1824:
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1819:
1818:
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1805:
1800:
1794:
1791:
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1775:
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1735:
1732:
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1716:
1715:
1703:
1702:
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1692:
1685:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1622:United Kingdom
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
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1544:
1539:
1534:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
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1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1008:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
994:List of sports
991:
990:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
959:
954:
949:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
865:
860:
859:
856:
855:
852:
851:
850:
849:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
818:
817:
806:
803:
802:
799:
798:
795:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
768:
767:
762:
757:
747:
742:
737:
732:
726:
723:
722:
716:
715:
714:
711:
710:
707:
706:
701:
700:
699:
694:
684:
679:
678:
677:
667:
666:
665:
655:
650:
649:
648:
646:"Chick flicks"
638:
633:
632:
631:
629:Women's cinema
621:
616:
610:
607:
606:
603:
597:
596:
595:
592:
591:
588:
587:
582:
577:
570:
565:
560:
559:
558:
557:
556:
541:
536:
531:
525:
522:
521:
518:
512:
511:
510:
507:
506:
503:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
426:
425:
424:
423:
413:
408:
403:
393:
392:
391:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
355:
354:
347:
337:
330:
329:
323:
322:
319:
318:
304:
301:
300:
297:
296:
288:
287:
283:
282:
234:
231:
113:Main article:
110:
107:
59:gender studies
53:, as in other
32:Princess Zelda
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11506:
11495:
11492:
11490:
11487:
11485:
11482:
11481:
11479:
11460:
11459:
11455:
11453:
11452:
11448:
11446:
11445:
11441:
11439:
11438:
11434:
11432:
11431:
11427:
11426:
11424:
11420:
11414:
11413:Skin gambling
11411:
11409:
11406:
11404:
11401:
11397:
11394:
11393:
11392:
11389:
11387:
11386:Law 3037/2002
11384:
11382:
11379:
11377:
11374:
11372:
11369:
11367:
11364:
11362:
11359:
11357:
11354:
11352:
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11345:
11342:
11338:
11330:
11327:
11326:
11325:
11322:
11320:
11317:
11313:
11310:
11308:
11305:
11303:
11300:
11299:
11298:
11295:
11293:
11290:
11286:
11283:
11282:
11281:
11278:
11276:
11273:
11269:
11266:
11264:
11261:
11259:
11256:
11255:
11254:
11251:
11247:
11246:LGBTQ+ themes
11244:
11243:
11242:
11239:
11237:
11234:
11232:
11231:Cyberbullying
11229:
11225:
11222:
11220:
11217:
11216:
11215:
11212:
11211:
11209:
11205:
11199:
11196:
11194:
11192:
11188:
11184:
11181:
11180:
11179:
11176:
11174:
11171:
11167:
11164:
11162:
11159:
11158:
11157:
11154:
11152:
11149:
11148:
11146:
11142:
11136:
11133:
11129:
11126:
11125:
11124:
11123:
11119:
11117:
11114:
11113:
11111:
11105:
11099:
11098:
11094:
11092:
11089:
11087:
11085:
11084:Mass Effect 3
11081:
11079:
11078:
11074:
11071:
11067:
11065:
11064:
11060:
11058:
11057:
11053:
11051:
11050:
11046:
11044:
11043:
11039:
11037:
11036:
11032:
11030:
11029:
11025:
11023:
11022:
11018:
11016:
11015:
11011:
11009:
11008:
11004:
11002:
10999:
10997:
10996:
10992:
10990:
10989:
10988:Mortal Kombat
10985:
10983:
10982:
10978:
10976:
10975:
10971:
10970:
10968:
10966:Game-specific
10964:
10958:
10955:
10953:
10950:
10949:
10946:
10942:
10935:
10930:
10928:
10923:
10921:
10916:
10915:
10912:
10904:
10900:
10896:
10892:
10888:
10884:
10879:
10874:
10869:
10865:
10861:
10857:
10852:
10848:
10844:
10840:
10836:
10832:
10828:
10823:
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10813:
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10805:
10801:
10796:
10792:
10788:
10784:
10780:
10776:
10772:
10767:
10763:
10757:
10753:
10748:
10747:
10736:
10730:
10726:
10722:
10717:
10706:
10702:
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10694:
10690:
10686:
10685:
10680:
10675:
10671:
10665:
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10656:
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10647:
10646:
10627:
10623:
10617:
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10598:
10591:
10576:
10575:
10570:
10563:
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10548:
10540:
10536:
10531:
10526:
10522:
10518:
10514:
10510:
10506:
10502:
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10491:
10475:
10471:
10467:
10460:
10458:
10449:
10445:
10441:
10437:
10433:
10429:
10422:
10413:
10404:
10395:
10387:
10383:
10379:
10375:
10371:
10367:
10363:
10356:
10348:
10344:
10340:
10336:
10332:
10328:
10324:
10317:
10315:
10306:
10302:
10297:
10292:
10288:
10284:
10280:
10276:
10272:
10268:
10264:
10257:
10243:
10239:
10232:
10218:on 2021-01-24
10217:
10213:
10207:
10199:
10195:
10191:
10187:
10180:
10169:September 28,
10165:
10164:
10159:
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10138:
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10128:
10114:
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10038:
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10020:
10013:
9999:
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9991:
9987:
9980:
9972:
9968:
9963:
9958:
9954:
9950:
9946:
9942:
9938:
9934:
9930:
9923:
9909:
9905:
9898:
9884:
9880:
9873:
9858:
9857:
9852:
9845:
9831:
9830:
9825:
9818:
9804:on 2013-09-22
9803:
9799:
9795:
9788:
9774:
9773:
9768:
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9731:
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9489:
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9467:
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9440:
9425:
9423:
9418:
9411:
9403:
9401:9781628925760
9397:
9393:
9386:
9384:
9369:
9365:
9359:
9352:
9351:McDonald 2017
9347:
9340:
9339:McDonald 2017
9335:
9328:
9327:McDonald 2017
9323:
9321:
9304:
9300:
9296:
9295:
9290:
9283:
9267:
9263:
9262:
9257:
9250:
9234:
9230:
9226:
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9215:
9199:
9195:
9194:Gamer Network
9191:
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9173:
9168:
9161:
9156:
9140:
9137:
9133:
9132:
9127:
9120:
9104:
9100:
9099:Verizon Media
9096:
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9063:
9059:
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9047:
9038:
9022:
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8987:
8983:
8979:
8978:
8973:
8966:
8950:
8946:
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8940:
8933:
8917:
8914:. Biz Media.
8913:
8912:
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8900:
8898:
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8750:
8748:
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8700:
8699:appreciation.
8688:. Winter 2012
8687:
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8632:
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8406:
8400:
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8352:
8346:
8338:
8334:
8327:
8312:. Polygon.com
8311:
8304:
8290:on 2007-07-20
8289:
8285:
8281:
8277:
8271:
8263:
8259:
8252:
8246:
8241:
8233:
8229:
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8208:
8207:
8202:
8195:
8180:
8179:
8174:
8167:
8153:on 2012-11-17
8152:
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8101:
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7439:
7432:
7417:
7413:
7406:
7391:
7387:
7383:
7379:
7375:
7371:
7367:
7360:
7346:on 2010-01-09
7345:
7341:
7340:
7335:
7329:
7313:
7309:
7305:
7298:
7291:
7281:on 2011-09-29
7277:
7270:
7267:Lie, Merete.
7263:
7248:
7244:
7243:
7238:
7232:
7224:
7223:
7215:
7207:
7203:
7199:
7192:
7178:on 2007-12-18
7177:
7173:
7172:
7167:
7160:
7153:
7143:
7137:
7133:
7129:
7122:
7114:
7113:
7108:
7107:"Game grrrls"
7101:
7093:
7089:
7085:
7081:
7077:
7073:
7066:
7060:
7056:
7052:
7046:
7044:
7034:
7029:
7024:(in Japanese)
7022:
7017:
7009:
7003:
6999:
6995:
6988:
6974:
6970:
6964:
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6960:
6943:
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6913:
6897:
6893:
6890:Kurt Kalata.
6886:
6879:
6874:
6872:
6870:
6868:
6861:
6857:
6852:(in Japanese)
6850:
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6824:
6818:
6810:
6804:
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6772:
6767:
6760:
6752:
6750:9781904994954
6746:
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6406:
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6385:
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6359:
6355:
6351:
6344:
6342:
6334:
6333:Jessica Vitak
6328:
6314:on 2017-11-14
6313:
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5688:
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5657:
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5651:
5648:
5645:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5632:
5630:
5620:
5616:
5612:
5609:
5605:
5600:
5596:
5594:
5589:
5587:
5583:
5582:
5576:
5566:
5563:
5562:meta-analysis
5553:
5550:
5549:
5543:
5542:masculinity.
5540:
5539:
5533:
5531:
5520:
5516:
5512:
5510:
5509:socialization
5499:
5496:
5491:
5489:
5485:
5475:
5471:
5462:
5460:
5456:
5450:
5448:
5444:
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5432:
5422:
5418:
5415:
5405:
5391:
5389:
5385:
5380:
5378:
5372:
5363:
5361:
5357:
5356:
5350:
5348:
5347:
5341:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5330:
5325:
5321:
5320:
5315:
5304:
5300:
5298:
5297:Mortal Kombat
5293:
5284:
5282:
5281:
5276:
5275:
5269:
5266:
5265:
5260:
5259:
5254:
5253:
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5242:
5238:
5234:
5230:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5220:
5214:
5209:
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5195:
5193:
5192:
5185:
5182:
5177:
5174:
5164:
5162:
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5156:
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5151:
5146:
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5141:
5136:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5120:
5116:
5112:
5108:
5103:
5101:
5097:
5093:
5089:
5085:
5076:
5071:
5067:
5057:
5055:
5051:
5047:
5046:
5041:
5037:
5027:
5025:
5021:
5017:
5013:
5012:Mass Effect 3
5009:
5005:
5004:
5003:Mass Effect 3
4999:
4998:
4993:
4989:
4988:Kaidan Alenko
4984:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4970:
4965:
4961:
4960:
4955:
4951:
4950:
4945:
4941:
4940:
4935:
4934:
4933:Resident Evil
4929:
4920:
4918:
4917:
4912:
4905:
4900:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4877:
4875:
4871:
4870:
4865:
4864:
4858:
4849:
4847:
4843:
4839:
4834:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4807:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4788:
4784:
4783:
4778:
4777:
4772:
4766:
4764:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4744:
4740:
4739:sexualization
4730:
4727:
4726:PBS Game/Show
4723:
4719:
4716:
4712:
4710:
4706:
4705:
4693:
4691:
4687:
4677:
4675:
4670:
4669:
4663:
4654:
4651:
4650:
4644:
4635:
4632:
4631:
4630:Resident Evil
4625:
4616:
4614:
4613:
4608:
4604:
4600:
4599:
4593:
4591:
4587:
4585:
4580:
4579:
4574:
4573:
4568:
4558:
4556:
4552:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4535:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4524:
4519:
4518:
4513:
4512:Ivy Valentine
4509:
4508:
4507:Soulcalibur V
4503:
4498:
4496:
4489:
4488:
4482:
4473:
4471:
4467:
4461:
4459:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4442:
4433:
4429:
4426:
4425:sexualization
4422:
4421:sexualization
4418:
4410:
4406:
4402:
4397:
4391:Sexualization
4388:
4386:
4385:
4380:
4376:
4375:
4370:
4366:
4365:
4360:
4356:
4355:
4344:
4342:
4337:
4336:
4331:
4327:
4326:
4325:Splinter Cell
4321:
4315:
4312:
4308:
4303:
4301:
4300:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4286:
4281:
4277:
4276:
4275:Resident Evil
4271:
4267:
4262:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4238:
4234:
4233:
4228:
4227:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4215:
4210:
4206:
4205:
4200:
4196:
4195:
4190:
4189:
4185:in the early
4184:
4180:
4170:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4155:
4154:Battlefield V
4149:
4147:
4143:
4142:
4137:
4136:
4130:
4128:
4124:
4123:
4118:
4117:
4112:
4111:
4106:
4105:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4082:
4077:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4042:Mortal Kombat
4038:
4037:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4022:
4016:
4014:
4009:
4008:
4003:
3999:
3998:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3976:
3971:
3970:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3958:
3953:
3952:
3947:
3946:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3934:
3933:Girl's Garden
3929:
3926:
3921:
3914:
3909:
3905:
3904:
3899:
3898:
3893:
3889:
3888:
3883:
3879:
3878:
3873:
3869:
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3863:
3859:
3855:
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3813:
3809:
3806:
3800:
3778:
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3756:
3755:
3752:
3742:
3741:
3730:
3727:
3725:
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3719:
3715:
3714:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
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3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3640:
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3633:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3590:
3582:
3581:
3571:
3568:
3567:
3566:
3565:United States
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3413:Latin America
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3261:
3260:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3235:Technoscience
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3123:
3120:
3119:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3058:Art criticism
3056:
3055:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3008:Men's studies
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2951:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
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10074:. 2020-09-02
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8663:. 2013-10-02
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8507:. 2020-05-30
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8438:. Retrieved
8436:. 2012-06-29
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8411:. 2012-06-13
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8386:. 2012-06-11
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7766:. 2009-12-29
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5205:
5196:
5189:
5186:
5178:
5170:
5158:
5153:series, and
5148:
5138:
5121:of America,
5111:heterosexism
5104:
5082:
5073:
5053:
5043:
5035:
5033:
5023:
5015:
5011:
5007:
5001:
4995:
4985:
4968:
4957:
4952:-esque and "
4947:
4937:
4931:
4926:
4914:
4908:
4903:
4897:queer coding
4878:
4869:Muscle March
4867:
4861:
4859:
4855:
4830:
4824:
4813:
4804:
4797:
4794:Mattie Brice
4791:
4780:
4776:The Guardian
4774:
4767:
4736:
4725:
4722:Jamin Warren
4720:
4713:
4702:
4699:
4685:
4683:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4647:
4645:
4641:
4628:
4626:
4622:
4610:
4596:
4594:
4582:
4576:
4570:
4564:
4551:geek culture
4536:
4521:
4515:
4505:
4499:
4492:
4485:
4462:
4443:
4439:
4430:
4414:
4382:
4372:
4364:System Shock
4362:
4352:
4350:
4341:masculinized
4333:
4323:
4316:
4311:Sega Genesis
4304:
4297:
4283:
4273:
4263:
4248:
4242:
4236:
4230:
4224:
4218:
4212:
4209:paradigmatic
4202:
4192:
4186:
4176:
4167:World War II
4152:
4150:
4139:
4133:
4131:
4120:
4119:(2013), and
4114:
4108:
4102:
4100:
4093:
4079:
4074:
4067:
4058:
4052:
4047:
4040:
4034:
4019:
4017:
4005:
4002:Sara Kiesler
3995:
3992:
3985:
3979:
3973:
3967:
3961:
3955:
3949:
3943:
3937:
3931:
3918:
3901:
3895:
3891:
3885:
3875:
3870:
3861:
3857:
3851:
3848:Midway Games
3841:
3833:
3816:
3814:
3810:
3802:
3515:Saudi Arabia
3311:South Africa
3154:Epistemology
3129:Legal theory
3048:Architecture
3038:Anthropology
3017:
2983:Gynocentrism
2847:War on women
2782:Pro-feminism
2737:Gender-blind
2687:Gender quota
2660:Art movement
2429:Anti-fascist
2363:Dianic Wicca
2242:Postfeminism
2117:Xenofeminism
2100:Postcolonial
2017:Sex-positive
1647:Vatican City
1592:Turkmenistan
1522:South Africa
1502:Sierra Leone
1487:Saudi Arabia
952:Roller derby
846:
750:Christianity
735:Baháʼí Faith
614:Architecture
314:legal rights
261:
255:
227:
212:
165:
142:
131:
124:
103:
75:gender roles
44:
35:
11280:Review bomb
11268:VR sickness
11236:Form of art
11007:Islamic Fun
10660:Titan Books
10480:21 November
9862:October 26,
9190:Push Square
9172:Capcom 2015
9160:Capcom 2015
8911:MCV/Develop
8184:12 February
8125:GamesRadar+
7202:Hero Comles
7031: [
6607:15 December
5960:|work=
5703:Prevalence
5678:Prevalence
5608:Ashly Burch
5495:self-esteem
5447:competition
5414:MediaSmarts
5355:Tell Me Why
5252:Mass Effect
5198:relate to.
5150:Final Fight
5100:transgender
5045:Mass Effect
4997:Mass Effect
4771:fan service
4751:visual arts
4743:video games
4674:sex workers
4649:Tomb Raider
4612:Tomb Raider
4517:Soulcalibur
4495:Ms. Pac-Man
4354:Battletoads
4299:Half-Life 2
4214:Super Mario
4207:series are
4116:Tomb Raider
4059:Tomb Raider
4054:Tomb Raider
3923: [
3911: [
3853:Ms. Pac-Man
3520:South Korea
3500:Philippines
3480:New Zealand
3475:Netherlands
3198:Pornography
3176:Metaphysics
3090:Criminology
3068:Film theory
3043:Archaeology
2722:Women's Day
2514:Libertarian
2456:Ecofeminism
2373:Ecofeminist
2254:Reactionary
2247:Neofeminism
2188:Multiracial
2093:Ecofeminist
2088:Materialist
1931:Switzerland
1911:New Zealand
1532:South Sudan
1527:South Korea
1472:Puerto Rico
1457:Philippines
1422:North Korea
1407:New Zealand
1292:Ivory Coast
1182:El Salvador
1012:Afghanistan
869:Auto racing
842:Video games
755:Catholicism
534:Engineering
411:Legislators
184:match-three
83:stereotypes
51:video games
26:dressed as
11478:Categories
11396:Loot boxes
11214:Censorship
11070:No Russian
11021:Hot Coffee
10995:Night Trap
10974:Death Race
10827:Body Image
10658:. London:
10631:2023-09-13
10434:: 107341.
10247:2023-05-16
10222:2014-09-27
10142:2023-05-20
10118:2023-05-20
10098:2023-05-20
10078:2023-05-20
10053:2023-05-20
10028:2023-05-20
10003:2023-05-20
9913:2023-05-20
9888:2023-05-20
9835:2014-02-28
9808:2013-08-15
9778:2023-11-18
9739:2016-10-27
9551:2024-02-15
9526:2024-02-15
9479:2010-01-29
9373:2023-05-16
9299:Ziff Davis
9013:Siliconera
8982:Future plc
8771:PopMatters
8667:2014-09-29
8640:2014-02-28
8635:GamesRadar
8589:2016-08-06
8568:2023-05-16
8535:2023-05-16
8511:2023-05-16
8490:2023-05-16
8465:2023-05-16
8440:2013-11-18
8415:2013-11-18
8390:2013-11-18
8365:2007-07-09
8294:2007-09-09
8157:2012-11-22
8131:2015-12-27
7913:: 104051.
7770:2010-01-04
7764:GamesRadar
7745:2013-10-07
7564:2024-08-25
7539:2023-12-09
7350:2010-01-16
7285:2011-07-03
7253:2007-07-09
7182:2007-09-09
7147:2011-07-03
6978:2022-10-01
6834:2011-03-19
6703:2019-04-29
6419:2014-09-24
6389:2014-11-09
6368:2014-12-11
6318:2014-09-29
6125:Body Image
5892:References
5581:Madden NFL
5535:While the
5439:caregiving
5258:Dragon Age
5167:Prevalence
5115:censorship
4911:East Asian
4885:femininity
4874:homoerotic
4832:God of War
4799:PopMatters
4759:represents
4755:literature
4741:of men in
4715:GamesRadar
4487:Diablo III
4436:Prevalence
4401:Lara Croft
4330:Sam Fisher
4294:Alyx Vance
4076:April Ryan
4049:Lara Croft
4015:than men.
3882:successors
3872:Samus Aran
3864:(1977) by
3797:See also:
3793:Prevalence
3716:Categories
3618:Literature
3328:Bangladesh
3203:Psychology
3149:Empiricism
3144:Aesthetics
3139:Philosophy
3013:Patriarchy
2998:Matriarchy
2718:Girl's Day
2692:Girl power
2665:In hip hop
2588:Literature
2546:Separatist
2524:Postmodern
2490:Difference
2424:Analytical
2368:Reclaiming
2176:Indigenous
2081:Standpoint
2010:Separatist
1862:by country
1637:Uzbekistan
1567:Tajikistan
1497:Seychelles
1372:Mauritania
1347:Madagascar
1327:Kyrgyzstan
1307:Kazakhstan
1187:East Timor
1062:Bangladesh
1052:Azerbaijan
1005:By country
992:See also:
982:Volleyball
924:Ice hockey
919:Gymnastics
879:Basketball
670:Philosophy
658:Literature
605:Humanities
585:Telegraphy
520:Technology
435:Journalism
396:Government
257:Lineage II
244:See also:
188:simulation
180:turn-based
71:Lara Croft
67:Samus Aran
24:Cosplayers
11258:addiction
11135:Gamergate
10804:Sex Roles
10791:143991078
10777:(1): 20.
10725:CRC Press
10684:Sex Roles
10606:30 August
10521:0360-0025
10501:Sex Roles
10448:249321183
10366:Sex Roles
10287:0047-2891
10047:Game Rant
9998:0190-8286
9953:0360-0025
9933:Sex Roles
9677:146919257
9669:1555-4120
9604:143962504
9596:1555-4120
9521:0261-3077
9429:8 October
9225:Game Zone
8614:April 24,
8563:0261-3077
8083:. Kotaku.
7962:cite book
7954:756868723
7929:0022-1031
7888:143765365
7880:0360-0025
7860:Sex Roles
7827:0360-0025
7807:Sex Roles
7790:(Thesis).
7682:0360-0025
7660:Sex Roles
7473:8 October
7390:152075784
7318:March 24,
7092:146385940
7072:Sex Roles
7059:0318-479X
6925:6 October
6902:6 October
6725:6 October
6656:143765365
6648:1573-2762
6628:Sex Roles
6575:144617999
6555:Sex Roles
6451:1546-2250
6275:0360-0025
6255:Sex Roles
6209:Sex Roles
6171:Sex Roles
6073:8 October
6067:Gamasutra
6042:2068-0317
6003:1520-5436
5962:ignored (
5952:cite book
5783:Powerful
5731:Sexiness
5329:Overwatch
5147:from the
5042:from the
4969:Game Zone
4889:masculine
4863:Cho Aniki
4829:from the
4787:sexuality
4761:women as
4747:male gaze
4646:The game
4502:male gaze
4369:Ultimecia
4285:Max Payne
4063:hot pants
4028:of being
3830:Evolution
3606:Feminists
3418:Argentina
3378:Indonesia
3368:Hong Kong
3323:Australia
3230:Sociology
3112:Geography
3102:Economics
2993:Male gaze
2988:Kyriarchy
2449:Networked
2331:Christian
2066:Jineology
2054:Anarchist
2044:Socialist
1924:Francoist
1876:Australia
1822:Timelines
1667:Kurdistan
1652:Venezuela
1547:Sri Lanka
1507:Singapore
1377:Mauritius
1272:Indonesia
1237:Guatemala
1047:Australia
1037:Argentina
760:Mormonism
697:Punk rock
653:Fine arts
549:dentistry
529:Computing
495:Workforce
379:Education
268:portrayed
210:markets.
178:, social
172:solitaire
11422:Lawsuits
11319:Violence
11312:Shotacon
11292:Religion
11178:Swatting
10903:30793750
10847:21093394
10705:55706950
10652:(2015).
10539:23467816
10386:56032975
10347:55774887
10305:28316057
10072:NBC News
9971:20352053
9488:cite web
9303:Archived
9266:Archived
9233:Archived
9198:Archived
9139:Archived
9131:Facebook
9103:Archived
9094:Engadget
9066:Archived
9021:Archived
8986:Archived
8977:PC Gamer
8949:Archived
8916:Archived
8865:Archived
8832:Archived
8776:Archived
8337:GameSpot
8057:. Kotaku
8018:Phys.org
7845:23467816
7739:Archived
7711:Archived
7627:Archived
7604:Archived
7581:Archived
7491:Archived
7442:Newsweek
7222:Newsweek
6828:GameFAQs
6796:GameFAQs
6676:12 April
6532:Archived
6505:GameSpot
6497:Archived
6477:25729336
6413:Archived
6362:Archived
6354:Engadget
6293:23467816
6229:55706950
6191:56032975
6145:21093394
6011:73610501
5824:See also
5673:GameSpot
5640:Authors
5219:The Sims
5119:Nintendo
5096:bisexual
5016:Normandy
4964:Dai Satō
4923:Examples
4916:Bishōnen
4904:Bishōnen
4817:American
4320:cutscene
4307:Nintendo
4280:Mona Sax
4270:Ada Wong
4266:sidekick
4107:(2013),
3990:(1986).
3966:(1985),
3957:Flashgal
3954:(1985),
3945:Baraduke
3906:(1984),
3900:(1983),
3601:Articles
3540:Thailand
3495:Pakistan
3465:Malaysia
3448:Paraguay
3438:Honduras
3286:Ethiopia
3240:Theology
3225:Sexology
3220:Sex wars
3134:Pedagogy
2887:Outlooks
2767:Misogyny
2635:Femicide
2620:Equality
2571:Concepts
2536:Cultural
2495:Equality
2476:Stiletto
2471:Lipstick
2395:Orthodox
2358:Neopagan
2346:Womanist
2326:Buddhist
2274:Embedded
2269:Imperial
2264:Carceral
2237:Maternal
2198:Womanism
1886:Colombia
1773:Canadian
1763:American
1720:Feminism
1712:a series
1710:Part of
1572:Thailand
1542:Suriname
1467:Portugal
1447:Paraguay
1432:Pakistan
1387:Mongolia
1357:Maldives
1352:Malaysia
1317:Kiribati
1252:Honduras
1192:Ethiopia
1162:DR Congo
1127:Colombia
1107:Cambodia
1102:Bulgaria
967:Swimming
929:Lacrosse
874:Baseball
772:Hinduism
765:Opus Dei
745:Buddhism
720:Religion
544:Medicine
450:Military
384:Feminism
340:Business
266:(right)
196:strategy
157:Xbox 360
11307:Lolicon
11161:esports
11056:RapeLay
10710:May 10,
10580:8 March
10574:Polygon
10530:3586322
10296:5561163
10163:Polygon
10023:Polygon
9962:2844533
9829:Polygon
9798:Joystiq
9309:May 16,
9272:May 16,
9239:May 16,
9204:May 16,
9145:May 16,
9109:May 16,
9072:May 16,
9046:Mad Max
9027:May 16,
8992:May 11,
8955:May 10,
8922:May 10,
8871:May 10,
8838:May 10,
8782:May 10,
8660:YouTube
8355:GameSpy
8025:31 July
7836:3586322
7612:UGO.com
7589:UGO.com
7421:23 June
7416:Polygon
7395:May 26,
7339:GamePro
7308:Complex
7171:1UP.com
6777:May 13,
6771:Polygon
6468:4343312
6358:Joystiq
6284:3586322
5646:Sample
5593:box art
5560:A 2022
5538:Pokémon
5459:Shooter
5435:make-up
5431:fashion
5237:Ubisoft
5208:BioWare
5105:In the
5088:lesbian
5079:History
4992:BioWare
4949:Mad Max
4842:avatars
4753:and in
4146:Polygon
4141:Far Cry
3877:Metroid
3858:Pac-Man
3843:Pac-Man
3555:Ukraine
3550:Vietnam
3460:Lebanon
3358:Germany
3348:Finland
3343:Denmark
3318:Albania
3306:Senegal
3301:Nigeria
3208:Therapy
3181:science
3080:Biology
2531:Radical
2485:Liberal
2461:Eugenic
2385:Islamic
2321:Atheist
2169:Lesbian
2164:Chicana
2157:Ratchet
2152:Lesbian
2147:Hip hop
2071:Marxist
1995:Lesbian
1871:Austria
1768:British
1737:History
1657:Vietnam
1642:Vanuatu
1632:Uruguay
1612:Ukraine
1582:Tunisia
1517:Somalia
1492:Senegal
1417:Nigeria
1397:Myanmar
1392:Morocco
1337:Lebanon
1257:Iceland
1222:Germany
1217:Georgia
1207:Finland
1172:Ecuador
1157:Denmark
1137:Croatia
1132:Comoros
1082:Bolivia
1067:Belgium
1057:Bahrain
1042:Armenia
1027:Andorra
1022:Algeria
1017:Albania
962:Surfing
939:Netball
899:Cycling
894:Curling
889:Cricket
787:Sikhism
782:Judaism
568:Science
539:Geology
516:Science
302:Society
272:IgroMir
200:shooter
166:A 2013
149:console
132:A 2008
41:series.
11329:Sexism
11086:ending
10901:
10845:
10789:
10758:
10731:
10703:
10666:
10650:Capcom
10626:Bryter
10537:
10527:
10519:
10446:
10384:
10345:
10303:
10293:
10285:
9996:
9969:
9959:
9951:
9772:Kotaku
9675:
9667:
9630:
9602:
9594:
9519:
9422:Kotaku
9398:
8944:Forbes
8692:13 May
8609:Forbes
8561:
8485:SFGATE
8434:Kotaku
8409:Kotaku
8384:Kotaku
8212:7 June
8206:Adweek
8178:Kotaku
8100:AdWeek
7952:
7927:
7886:
7878:
7843:
7833:
7825:
7734:Forbes
7680:
7468:Kotaku
7388:
7138:
7090:
7057:
7004:
6858:
6747:
6654:
6646:
6573:
6475:
6465:
6457:
6449:
6409:Flurry
6291:
6281:
6273:
6227:
6189:
6143:
6103:
6040:
6009:
6001:
5940:
5812:30.6%
5666:Ivory
5661:Notes
5455:Racing
5443:sports
5324:Tracer
5239:blog,
5145:Poison
4893:vanity
4827:Kratos
4607:Kotaku
4523:Tekken
4458:avatar
4454:gamers
4384:Portal
4379:GLaDOS
4359:SHODAN
4332:, and
4229:, and
4197:, and
4159:series
4030:sexist
3969:Athena
3903:Barbie
3887:Wabbit
3545:Turkey
3535:Taiwan
3525:Sweden
3510:Russia
3505:Poland
3490:Norway
3443:Mexico
3423:Brazil
3398:Israel
3363:Greece
3353:France
3333:Canada
3271:Africa
3159:Ethics
2956:Theory
2797:Racism
2500:Social
2390:Jewish
2336:Mormon
2294:Victim
2227:Equity
2193:Romani
2105:Global
1958:states
1915:Spain
1901:Kuwait
1881:Canada
1813:Fourth
1803:Second
1778:German
1607:Uganda
1597:Tuvalu
1587:Turkey
1562:Taiwan
1552:Sweden
1482:Russia
1462:Poland
1442:Panama
1382:Mexico
1322:Kuwait
1302:Jordan
1287:Israel
1242:Guyana
1232:Greece
1212:France
1147:Cyprus
1097:Brunei
1092:Brazil
1087:Bosnia
1077:Bhutan
1032:Angola
972:Tennis
957:Rowing
884:Boxing
862:Sports
810:Comics
792:Taoism
465:Piracy
455:Mother
430:Health
310:
219:MMORPG
206:, and
204:racing
190:, and
168:Flurry
134:Gallup
47:gender
11340:Legal
11324:Women
11302:Eroge
10899:S2CID
10787:S2CID
10701:S2CID
10444:S2CID
10382:S2CID
10343:S2CID
9707:(3).
9673:S2CID
9600:S2CID
9545:GLAAD
9456:9 May
8827:Paste
8316:7 May
8105:7 May
8061:7 May
7884:S2CID
7386:S2CID
7279:(PDF)
7272:(PDF)
7112:Hyper
7088:S2CID
7035:]
6652:S2CID
6571:S2CID
6455:JSTOR
6225:S2CID
6187:S2CID
6007:S2CID
5815:7.5%
5800:2007
5789:3.51
5786:5.10
5774:2007
5763:5.00
5760:3.22
5748:2007
5737:4.29
5734:1.15
5722:2007
5697:2007
5669:2006
5643:Year
5629:2000s
5384:GLAAD
5326:from
5316:from
5314:Ellie
5173:GLAAD
5157:from
5137:from
5135:Birdo
5127:Maxis
4990:from
4782:Paste
4555:memes
4476:Forms
4381:from
4204:Mario
4078:from
4021:Hyper
3975:Alpha
3927:]
3920:ALICE
3915:]
3866:Exidy
3862:Score
3835:Namco
3592:Lists
3530:Syria
3470:Nepal
3433:Haiti
3428:Chile
3408:Japan
3403:Italy
3373:India
3338:China
3291:Ghana
3281:Egypt
2757:Media
2505:Labor
2380:Hindu
2351:Asian
2299:White
2259:State
2142:Black
2059:Queer
1946:Wales
1896:Japan
1891:India
1808:Third
1798:First
1789:Waves
1662:Yemen
1577:Tonga
1557:Syria
1537:Sudan
1512:Spain
1477:Qatar
1437:Palau
1412:Niger
1402:Nepal
1342:Libya
1312:Kenya
1297:Japan
1267:India
1262:Italy
1247:Haiti
1227:Ghana
1177:Egypt
1151:North
1122:China
1117:Chile
1072:Benin
948:Rodeo
827:Music
777:Islam
740:Bible
687:Music
636:Dance
580:Space
389:Womyn
327:Woman
176:slots
81:, or
55:media
34:from
11285:List
11275:Race
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