967:
991:
932:
1547:
1272:
979:
908:
746:
1248:
1010:
1075:
920:
893:
243:
1022:
734:
1114:
1128:
227:
881:
1100:
955:
279:
1189:
1513:
42:
1142:
1236:
602:
1221:
590:
1531:
459:
447:
1173:
1497:
626:
614:
1205:
1335:
423:
435:
1313:
6236:
1470:, dating to the Naqada III period. On one side, the handle of the knife shows two snakes encircling rosettes. The other side is arranged in four rows. The top and second rows depict scenes of predation with a leopard and a lion attacking ibexes. Beneath these is a domesticated heavy hunting dog wearing a collar pursued by a lion or another dog. Finally the bottom row represents a
1364:, and similar in size to the Gebel el-Arak knife. The handle of the knife, made of elephant ivory, is decorated with 227 animals carved in 10 registers on both faces. The figures are tightly packed and entirely cover the handle. They represent real animals, all depicted at approximatively the same size and arranged in processions by species: elephants (some walking on snakes),
476:, such as Béatrix Midant-Reynes, argue that the quality and amount of work required for the creation of the blade goes beyond what is required for a functional knife. Thus the purpose and value of the knife would be artistic, the blade being a demonstration of technical skills aiming at the beauty of the result. This hypothesis is strengthened by a detailed
966:
990:
761:(26.241.1) has similar imagery to the Gebel el-Arak Knife, although in much poorer condition, but confirming its authenticity. It shows a ship with raised bow and rounded ships (front), a column of armed soldiers and a row of sitting prisoners led by a standing man, in front of a decorated building (back).
931:
399:
undulations on the surface of the stone. Analysis of the shock waves on the surface of the blade reveals they were produced from the top to the bottom of the blade and from left to right, in a counterclockwise fashion. This work was probably made with pointed copper tools. The ripple-flaking of this
299:
At the time of purchase, its blade and handle were separated, as the seller did not realise that they fitted together. Boreux later proposed that the knife be restored, and that the blade and handle be joined together. This was done in March 1933 by Léon André, who worked mainly on consolidating the
1561:
The perfect similarity between the blades of these knives and that of the Gebel el-Arak led scholar Diane L. Holmes to propose that the knives were all produced by a small number of workshops in one area and may be the product of a few craftsmen who practised this extremely specialized skill over a
195:
an archaic flint knife with an ivory handle of the greatest beauty. This is the masterpiece of predynastic sculpture executed with remarkable finesse and elegance. This is a work of great detail and the interest of what is represented extends even beyond the artistic value of the artefact. On one
846:, the two main rival Egyptian cities of the period, and that the victor was Abydos, the presence of the lion-fighting Mesopotamian king remaining unexplained and attributed to artistic influence from Mesopotamia. In effect, most of Egypt became unified under rulers from Abydos during the
1271:
1546:
650:
from top to bottom, one register after the other. The artisan first carved the main figures and then carved the places where the figures meet, such as the arms of the combatants. The depth of the carvings does not exceed 2 millimetres (0.079 in).
2874:"The penis - sheath, common on the Hierakonpolis figurines Baumgartel did not discuss (Quibell, Hierakonpolis I, pls . VII - VIII, X), occurs on both groups of fighting men on the Gebel el Arak Knife Handle (...) as well as the Bull Palette" in
1435:'s Early Egypt gallery, room 64, under the catalog number EA 68512. The blade of the knife is virtually identical in style to that of the Gebel el-Arak knife, although slightly larger. The iconography of the handle is similar to that of the
391:
Polishing of both sides of the blade. This operation is required before the ripple-flaking, see below. One side of the blade was left polished and did not receive further work, thus showing a smooth ground surface, maybe to imitate a metal
1247:
204:
and he grasps two lions standing against him. You can judge the importance of this asiatic representation we will own one of the most important prehistoric monuments, if not more. It is, in definitive, in tangible and summary form,
978:
1835:
Moloney, Norah. "The
Earliest Evidence for People in Egypt: the First Tools." Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology: Characters and Collections, edited by Alice Stevenson, 1st ed., UCL Press, London, 2015, pp. 28–29. JSTOR,
574:
on the bottom of the handle, but this is now gone. The assemblage supports the hypothesis that the knife was not functional: the tang of the blade is too short and the handle too thin for the knife to have been practical.
5321:
1021:
178:
and
Egyptologist Georges Aaron Bénédite in February 1914 from a private antique dealer, M. Nahman, in Cairo. Bénédite immediately recognised the artefact's extraordinary state of preservation as well as its
892:
2272:
Egypt at Its
Origins: Studies in Memory of Barbara Adams : Proceedings of the International Conference "Origin of the State, Predynastic and Early Dynastic Egypt," Krakow, 28 August - 1st September
1009:
2997:
1400:
are represented on the outer margin of the handle. The only non-animal figure is a rosette, a royal symbol of
Mesopotamian origin found on Egyptian artifacts of the predynastic period and until the
5445:
771:
The handle of the knife is carved on both sides with finely executed figures arranged in five horizontal registers. The side of the handle with the knob shows
Mesopotamian influence featuring the
1496:
1439:, comprising six rows of wild animals carved in raised relief. The animals include elephants walking on snakes, storks, a heron, lions followed by a dog, short and long-horned cattle, perhaps
907:
5984:
5928:
4728:
919:
654:
Some authors consider that the knob or boss had to be worn outward, which implies that the side with the knob should be considered at the front face, and the smooth side as the back face.
1060:, showing a man fighting against two lions, the individual fighting scenes or the boats. Stylistically, the Gebel el-Arak Knife belongs to an important group of Naqada II ivory carvings.
3033:
639:
The handle is richly carved in low relief with a scene of a battle on the side that would have faced a right-handed user and with mythological themes on the other side. This side has a
6280:
4627:
857:
that would have supported the knife handle, keeping it level while resting on a level surface and also could have been used to thread a cord to hang it from the body as an ornament.
472:
The blade of the Gebel el-Arak knife as well as of other ripple-flake knives of the same period are considered the high point of the silex tool making techniques. Specialists of the
5701:
4715:
834:
The fighting figurines are armed with flint knives, clubs and also pear-shaped maces, which are considered as an innovation introduced from
Mesopotamia, replacing the initial
154:
4653:
2448:"Knife of the Jebel el-Arak, ...showing an iconography influenced by Mesopotamia, featuring a king mastering two lions, and a lion attacking a horned animal from behind" in
1235:
562:
of the blade varies from 2 to 3 millimetres (0.12 in), which explains that the ivory is cracked there, with some pieces lost. At the bottom of the handle, the edge was
308:
At the time of its purchase by Bénédite, the knife handle was said by the dealer to have been found at the site of Gebel el-Arak (جبل العركى), a plateau near the village of
4899:
3855:
395:
Ripple-flaking on one side of the blade. This consists in uniformly removing long and thin strips of stone with parallel pressure flaking, creating a regular pattern of
1045:
Several of the themes and designs visible in the Gebel el-Arak knife, can also be seen in other contemporary
Egyptian works of art, such as the fresco from Tomb 100 at
3403:
328:
That the knife did indeed originate from Abydos is supported by the otherwise total absence of archaeological finds from Gebel el-Arak, while intensive excavations by
5296:
570:
of precious metal that would have reinforced the assemblage of the handle with the blade. At the time of the purchase, Bénédite reported that he could see traces of
2502:"Late Predynastic/Early Dynastic rock art scenes of Barbary sheep hunting in Egypt's Western Desert. From capturing wild animals to the women of the 'Acacia House'"
5089:
1188:
157:. At the time of its purchase, the knife handle was alleged by the seller to have been found at the site of Gebel el-Arak, but it is today believed to come from
5873:
4905:
4874:
4053:
3722:
3623:
815:
refrains from speculating on the identity of the ambiguous figure, referring to it as a "warrior". Modern scholarship generally attributes the back reliefs to
558:
of the tusk. Once extracted from the tusk, the handle was polished on both sides and hollowed out to receive the blade. The thickness of the handle around the
5946:
5000:
1141:
6212:
4479:
3488:
6160:
6046:
4814:
3717:
3713:
5609:
5176:
4190:
4072:
3994:
6175:
3137:
Williams, Bruce; Logan, Thomas J.; Murnane, William J. (1987). "The
Metropolitan Museum Knife Handle and Aspects of Pharaonic Imagery before Narmer".
2036:
Williams, Bruce; Logan, Thomas J.; Murnane, William J. (1987). "The
Metropolitan Museum Knife Handle and Aspects of Pharaonic Imagery before Narmer".
1980:
Williams, Bruce; Logan, Thomas J.; Murnane, William J. (1987). "The
Metropolitan Museum Knife Handle and Aspects of Pharaonic Imagery before Narmer".
3703:
4305:
3905:
3263:
1530:
3258:
3193:
6188:
5855:
5327:
5126:
4829:
4536:
4015:
972:
Shaven-headed attackers armed with maces and knives, against unarmed opponents with long hair, all wearing penile sheaths (Front, 1st register).
937:
Naked man with penile sheath (fragment) walking a dog on a leash (Back, 5th register). Naked and shaven-headed men are a regular fixture of the
860:
Another knife with very similar iconography, including depictions of warriors, prisoners and nearly identical types of ships can be seen in the
550:
canine tooth as was first thought. The handle was carved along the axis of the tusk, as evidenced by a dark spot located above the head of the "
5019:
4473:
3030:
300:
ensemble, and conserving the ivory handle. The most recent restoration of the knife was undertaken in 1997 by Agnès Cascio and Juliette Lévy.
6016:
5076:
4380:
4361:
4066:
835:
5707:
4548:
1459:. Similar motifs are found on pottery and clay seals from funerary contexts of the predynastic and early dynastic periods, most notably in
1881:
6285:
6275:
4930:
4842:
4603:
4566:
2640:
Porada, Edith (1993). "Why Cylinder Seals? Engraved Cylindrical Seal Stones of the Ancient Near East, Fourth to First Millennium B.C.".
1220:
5459:
864:(Accession number: 26.241.1). Numerous objects from the Naqada II period are similar to the Gebel el-Arak Knife in style and content.
6098:
5352:
1172:
1113:
6265:
6143:
6061:
5682:
5553:
5517:
5182:
4880:
4517:
4263:
4214:
3207:
The Predynastic Lithic Industries of Upper Egypt: a Comparative Study of the Lithic Traditions of Badari, Naqada and Hierakonpolis
422:
5885:
4609:
3308:
1487:
4485:
5491:
4374:
3553:
1127:
320:
the seller did not suspect that the flint belonged with the handle and presented it to me as witness of the recent finds from
1512:
1423:, bought in the mid 19th century by Reverend G. Chester from an antique dealer who reported finding it in Sheikh Hamada, near
369:. Chert is widely available in Egypt and appears across the archaeological record as a material in lithic tool usage from the
6092:
5057:
4943:
4323:
3810:
2794:
2764:
2737:
2623:
2586:
2461:
2430:
2400:
2354:
2308:
2281:
1968:
1710:
5472:
5315:
4696:
4178:
643:
in its centre through which a strap could be passed. The carvings were executed on the polished surface of the tusk with a
4293:
196:
side is a hunting scene; on the other a scene of war or a raid. At the top of the hunting scene the hunter wears a large
6035:
4683:
3658:
434:
17:
1204:
6086:
6067:
5485:
5402:
5365:
4311:
2941:
1908:
Midant-Reynes, Béatrix (1987). "Contribution à l'étude de la société prédynastique: le cas du couteau "Ripple-flake"".
1682:
831:
period and dated to 3800-3400 BCE. These figurines are generally carved on ivory tusks and seemingly wear long cloaks.
745:
1099:
6111:
5891:
5861:
5842:
5523:
5225:
5219:
5170:
5120:
5063:
4467:
3242:
2535:
2246:
2159:
1776:
1746:
1632:
3050:
Churcher, C. S. (1984). "A Zoological study of the ivory knife handle from Abu Zaidan". In Needler, Winifred (ed.).
6260:
5771:
4918:
4621:
4530:
3493:
4554:
2578:
The Study of the Ancient Near East in the Twenty-first Century: The William Foxwell Albright Centennial Conference
2238:
The Study of the Ancient Near East in the Twenty-first Century: The William Foxwell Albright Centennial Conference
1738:
The Study of the Ancient Near East in the Twenty-first Century: The William Foxwell Albright Centennial Conference
1702:
The Study of the Ancient Near East in the Twenty-first Century: The William Foxwell Albright Centennial Conference
601:
5910:
5803:
5790:
5420:
5333:
5201:
4924:
4868:
4578:
4560:
4417:
4251:
3209:. Cambridge Monographs in African Archaeology. Vol. 33. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports. p. 15.
3124:, Archéo-Nil: Revue de la société pour l'étude des cultures prépharaoniques de la vallée du Nil, 3, 57–74, 1993.
2936:, Actes du colloque organisé au musée du Louvre par le Service culturel les 3 et 4 avril 1998, 1999, p. 197–226,
1792:
1431:. The knife dates back to the late predynastic period, from ca. 3300 BC to 3100 BC, and is now on display at the
1211:
180:
75:
4127:
819:
influence, and more specifically attribute the design of the clothed wrestler to the Mesopotamian "priest-king"
589:
458:
446:
5816:
5598:
5408:
5025:
4994:
3276:
3214:
3059:
3018:
1944:
1655:
1074:
4220:
827:
period. Similar portraits of men with beards and torus-like headgear also appear on numerous figurines of the
6270:
5922:
5916:
5669:
5309:
4855:
4791:
4709:
4028:
3735:
3653:
6149:
4115:
3533:
400:
side of the blade has no incidence on its sharpness, indicating that it may have served an artistic purpose.
5829:
5777:
5396:
5006:
4988:
4196:
3940:
3910:
3463:
242:
5940:
733:
625:
613:
6305:
5959:
5720:
5426:
5339:
5038:
4773:
4677:
4659:
4572:
4336:
4299:
3860:
3825:
3301:
2972:
984:
Long-haired man (center) using a knife against shaven-headed baton-wielding enemies (Front, 2nd register)
792:
718:
265:
146:
93:
3125:
6300:
5746:
5504:
4665:
4269:
4172:
4166:
3925:
3915:
3890:
3875:
3598:
3117:
3076:
Hartung, Ulrich (1998). "Prädynastische Siegelabrollungen aus dem Friedhof U in Abydos (Umm el-Qaab)".
1537:
1483:
1413:
1299:
Today a total of 17 similar ceremonial knives with decorated handles are known. These knives comprise:
861:
762:
758:
284:
Similar portrait of a probable Uruk King-Priest with a brimmed round hat and large beard, excavated in
3181:
H. Hanna Ed., Preprints of the International Conference on Heritage of Naqada and Qus Region, Volume I
1957:
L'ivoire et la Pierre a Feu — Le Couteau Predynastique en Hippopotame de Shiqmim et le Lion d'Aristote
5934:
5879:
4257:
4226:
3673:
1811:
Le couteau de Gebel el-'Arak, Étude sur un nouvelle objet préhistorique acquis par le musée du Louvre
1412:. The decoration of the handle is very similar to that of a predynastic hair comb, on display at the
838:. Some authors have suggested that the reliefs represent a battle between warriors of the cities of
385:
6290:
5997:
5624:
5585:
5390:
5270:
5044:
4511:
3478:
3354:
316:. However, the knife's true provenance is indicated by Bénédite in his letter to Boreux. He wrote:
232:
Gebel el-Arak Knife ivory handle (back), in the Departement of Pre-Dynastic Egyptian antiquities,
6315:
6003:
5867:
5414:
5283:
4399:
4275:
4184:
4078:
4047:
3900:
3473:
3448:
2609:
1397:
197:
5108:
4590:
1277:
Carved head of bearded man with torus-like headgear, reminiscent of the Mesopotamian king. Late
6073:
5758:
5207:
5195:
4671:
4423:
4411:
4342:
4121:
4096:
4041:
3548:
3294:
1401:
5650:
5384:
3413:
2832:
Case, Humphrey; Payne, Joan Crowfoot (1962). "Tomb 100: The Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis".
2784:
2683:
Case, Humphrey; Payne, Joan Crowfoot (1962). "Tomb 100: The Decorated Tomb at Hierakonpolis".
2420:
2270:
1887:
1766:
775:
motif, very common in Mesopotamian art, in the form of a figure wearing Mesopotamian clothing
5971:
5752:
5695:
5529:
5257:
5251:
4448:
4405:
4287:
4232:
4202:
3678:
3668:
3573:
3503:
3443:
3438:
2754:
2727:
2613:
2576:
2525:
2451:
2390:
2344:
2298:
2236:
2151:
1736:
1700:
2953:
Whitehouse, H. (2002). "A Decorated Knife Handle from the 'Main Deposit' at Hierakonpolis".
1015:
Shaven-headed men drowning, in a possible depiction of a naval battle. (Front, 4th register)
278:
6310:
5572:
5213:
5157:
5151:
5145:
4741:
4615:
4498:
4386:
4084:
3935:
3880:
3528:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
2498:
1855:
1241:
Naqada IId carving, with dynastic rulers and animals, and kneeling soldiers on the reverse.
1166:, also dated to the same period, show similarities, such as the penile sheath worn by men.
1003:
seals and artworks. Possibly part of the depiction of a naval battle. (Front, 3rd register)
880:
647:
374:
329:
226:
3364:
954:
8:
5559:
5132:
4245:
4208:
4153:
3956:
3820:
3805:
3785:
3740:
3603:
3588:
3563:
1506:
of the Naqada III period. The "snake twist around rosette" is another Mesopotamian motif.
407:
of the edge of the blade by micro-flaking. This step produces the sharpness of the blade.
4975:
4785:
4109:
1859:
5663:
5378:
5102:
4962:
4956:
4797:
4754:
4009:
3961:
3790:
3775:
3765:
3760:
3688:
3518:
3154:
2857:
2708:
2665:
2480:
Treasures of the Louvre: From the fourth millennium B.C. to the dawn of the Renaissance
2124:
2116:
2069:
2061:
2013:
2005:
776:
41:
337:
104:
47:
5733:
5432:
4454:
4442:
4436:
4281:
4090:
3840:
3683:
3637:
3568:
3508:
3458:
3349:
3238:
3210:
3158:
3055:
3014:
2937:
2849:
2790:
2760:
2733:
2700:
2657:
2619:
2582:
2531:
2457:
2426:
2396:
2350:
2304:
2277:
2242:
2155:
2144:
2128:
2108:
2089:"The Metropolitan Museum Knife Handle and Aspects of Pharaonic Imagery before Narmer"
2073:
2053:
2017:
1997:
1964:
1940:
1867:
1772:
1742:
1706:
1678:
1628:
1571:
1405:
1357:
1057:
942:
898:
820:
772:
551:
477:
473:
249:
134:
3268:
6117:
5965:
5547:
5535:
5238:
4760:
4584:
4542:
4348:
4317:
3895:
3845:
3755:
3750:
3643:
3593:
3453:
3339:
3146:
3103:
2841:
2692:
2649:
2100:
2045:
1989:
1863:
901:, wearing a long skirt and trousers, as well as a brimmed hat (Back, 1st register).
341:
2929:
1725:
Letter of G. Benedite to C. Boreux, Département des Antiquités Egyptiennes, Louvre
6295:
6239:
6022:
4803:
4640:
3865:
3835:
3780:
3745:
3698:
3608:
3578:
3558:
3468:
3374:
3037:
2876:
2478:
1475:
1353:
1323:
1286:
1262:
567:
345:
333:
4140:
1322:, dating to Naqada III period, with 227 sculpted animals, now on display at the
5897:
4893:
3930:
3870:
3815:
3800:
3663:
3648:
3359:
1846:
Kelterborn, P. (1984). "Toward Replicating Egyptian Predynastic Flint Knives".
1522:
1432:
1409:
925:
Lioness attacking a wild bull (Back, 4th register), another Mesopotamian motif.
812:
252:
on the Gebel el-Arak Knife at the top of the handle, dated circa 3300-3200 BC,
130:
3369:
2756:
Violence and Power in Ancient Egypt: Image and Ideology before the New Kingdom
2574:
1334:
6254:
3920:
3850:
3795:
3770:
3538:
3483:
3177:"Earliest Cylinder-Seal Glyptic in Egypt: From Greater Mesopotamia to Naqada"
2853:
2704:
2661:
2112:
2057:
2001:
1553:
1460:
1456:
1195:
1179:
1159:
1081:
1046:
843:
839:
808:
804:
321:
313:
289:
253:
233:
158:
3078:
Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts Abteilung Kairo (MDAIK)
6130:
4779:
3885:
3693:
3613:
3583:
3543:
3498:
1163:
816:
559:
555:
547:
2932:: "Motive und Datierung der dekorierten prädynastischen Messergriffe", in
2176:
5637:
5541:
5322:
Madonna and Child with St John the Baptist and St Catherine of Alexandria
3730:
3513:
3344:
1556:
UC 16294. The "snake twist around rosette" is another Mesopotamian motif.
1428:
1253:
Man with torus-like headgear, reminiscent of the Mesopotamian king. Late
1031:. Possibly part of the depiction of a naval battle. (Front, 5th register)
1000:
938:
370:
309:
269:
3269:
A complete narrative of the events portrayed on the Gebel el-Arak knife.
2615:
Ancient Egyptian Warfare: Tactics, Weaponry and Ideology of the Pharaohs
1312:
853:
This side of the handle also contains a "knob", a perforated suspension
3830:
2861:
2712:
2669:
1452:
854:
847:
800:
640:
2120:
2088:
2065:
2009:
1148:
Egyptian boat, in contrast with the black foreign boat with high prow.
361:
The blade of the knife is made of homogenous finely grained yellowish
5985:
Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil
5929:
Ixion, King of the Lapiths, Deceived by Juno, Who He Wished to Seduce
5114:
4729:
Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil
2955:
Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Abteilung Kairo
1282:
1258:
1028:
824:
571:
483:
The blade weights 92.3 grams, its precise dimensions are as follows:
404:
348:, the necropolis of predynastic and early dynastic rulers in Abydos.
183:
date. On 16 March 1914, he wrote to Charles Boreux, then head of the
175:
5446:
Portrait of Doña Isabel de Requesens y Enríquez de Cardona-Anglesola
3176:
2912:
2893:
2845:
2811:
2696:
2653:
2552:
2501:
2476:"most significant, domestic dogs, identifiable by their collars" in
2371:
2325:
1963:, 1992, Laboratoire de Recherche des Musées de France, pp. 187–194,
480:
of the blade which demonstrates that the knife has never been used.
3150:
2104:
2049:
1993:
1278:
1254:
913:
Collar-wearing domestic dogs (Back, 2nd register, around the knob).
828:
796:
540:
2456:. Cambridge University Press. p. xv-xvi, Illustration II b).
1813:, Fondation Eugène Piot, Monuments et mémoires, XXII, 1916 p. 1–34
191:, about the item the unsuspecting dealer had offered him. It was:
3523:
1471:
1389:
1381:
811:), who "journeyed upon the sea and came ashore at the mountains".
377:. The blade was produced from the original stone in five stages:
3286:
3264:
The Gebel el Arak knife, Depiction of a predynastic battle scene
5702:
Crucifixion with the Virgin Mary, St John and St Mary Magdalene
3317:
3280:
2087:
Williams, Bruce; Logan, Thomas J.; Murnane, William J. (1987).
1440:
1226:
188:
150:
4716:
Project for the Transformation of the Grande Galerie du Louvre
3100:
Catalogue général des Antiquites Égyptiennes du Musée du Caire
1675:
From Egypt to Mesopotamia: a Study of Predynastic Trade Routes
996:
Shaven-headed man towing high-prowed boats, of a type seen on
260:. This work of art both shows the influence of Mesopotamia on
4654:
Camillus Handing the Falerian Schoolmaster over to his Pupils
3259:
The Gebel el Arak knife, Images on the backside of the handle
3194:
Image of knife from Petrie Museum, University College (16294)
1424:
1385:
1377:
1365:
997:
788:
784:
780:
644:
563:
536:
366:
362:
268:, and the state of Mesopotamian royal iconography during the
261:
257:
201:
142:
138:
4900:
Venus and the Three Graces Presenting Gifts to a Young Woman
2527:
Legends of Babylon and Egypt in Relation to Hebrew Tradition
46:
The Gebel el-Arak knife (back and front), on display at the
2300:
Sticks, Stones, and Shadows: Building the Egyptian Pyramids
1448:
1444:
1373:
1369:
1361:
1194:
Male statuettes with shaven heads and penile sheaths, from
543:
285:
6281:
Near Eastern and Middle Eastern antiquities in the Louvre
2496:
2269:
Hendrickx, Stan; Adams, Barbara; Friedman, R. F. (2004).
1393:
1380:. Other less common animals interrupt the processions: a
174:
The Gebel el-Arak knife was bought for the Louvre by the
2913:"Royal Sculpture of the Predynastic and Archaic Periods"
1699:
Conference, William Foxwell Albright Centennial (1996).
2575:
William Foxwell Albright Centennial Conference (1996).
2181:
Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale
5874:
Pendant portraits of Marten Soolmans and Oopjen Coppit
4906:
A Young Man Being Introduced to the Seven Liberal Arts
4875:
Madonna and Child with Saint Peter and Saint Sebastian
2881:. American Research Center in Egypt. 1988. p. 36.
2346:
A History of Egypt: From Earliest Times to the Present
2268:
200:
garment: he head is covered by a hat like that of our
5947:
The Virgin and Child Surrounded by the Holy Innocents
5090:
The Doge on the Bucintoro near the Riva di Sant'Elena
657:
The precise dimensions of the handle are as follows:
96:
in Cairo from antique dealer M. Nahman, February 1914
27:
Ivory and flint knife dating from Egyptian prehistory
6213:
Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca
4480:
Equestrian Portrait of Joachim Murat, King of Naples
3489:
Land grant to Marduk-apla-iddina I by Meli-Shipak II
3136:
3052:
Predynastic and Archaic Egypt in the Brooklyn Museum
2086:
2035:
1979:
1937:
Predynastic and Archaic Egypt in the Brooklyn Museum
428:
Gebel el-Arak knife, ripple-flaked side of the blade
137:(3500—3200 BC), showing Mesopotamian influence. The
3122:
Symbolic roles of canine figures on early monuments
5177:Holy Family with the Family of St John the Baptist
4191:The Lictors Bring to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons
4073:The Attributes of Music, the Arts and the Sciences
2143:
1677:(new ed.). Texas A & M University Press.
2174:
1482:Two worn and battered knives can be found at the
6252:
5258:Saints Bernardino of Siena and Louis of Toulouse
3906:Statue of the Tiber river with Romulus and Remus
2917:Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt
2898:Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt
2878:Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt
2816:Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt
2557:Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt
2497:Hendrickx, Stan; Riemer, Heiko; Förster, Frank;
2453:The Worlds of the Indian Ocean: A Global History
2376:Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt
2330:Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt
2177:"Le décor asiatique du couteau de Gebel el-Arak"
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
6189:Street Scene near the El Ghouri Mosque in Cairo
6176:Francis I, Charles V and the Duchess of Étampes
5328:Madonna and Child with St Rose and St Catherine
1822:Archives de la Direction des Musées de France,
1062:
866:
440:Gebel el-Arak knife, polished side of the blade
4474:Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa
726:Knife handle of the Metropolitan Museum of Art
129:, is an ivory and flint knife dating from the
4381:Coresus Sacrificing Himself to Save Callirhoe
4362:Study (Young Male Nude Seated Beside the Sea)
4067:The Attributes of Civilian and Military Music
3302:
1907:
1641:
5856:The Archangel Raphael Leaving Tobias' Family
4549:Joan of Arc at the Coronation of Charles VII
4537:Don Pedro of Toledo Kissing Henry IV's Sword
4054:Vulcan Presenting Venus with Arms for Aeneas
2638:For an image of a similar high-prowed boat:
2395:. American Univ in Cairo Press. p. 21.
2349:. American Univ in Cairo Press. p. 18.
2303:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 42.
219:Mesopotamian king on the Gebel el-Arak knife
4931:Portrait of Alof de Wignacourt and his Page
4567:Portrait of Madame Marcotte de Sainte-Marie
2530:. Oxford University Press. pp. 14–15.
1771:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 424–425.
1627:. Collection SOLO. Paris: Musée du Louvre.
1625:Le poignard égyptien dit "du Gebel el-Arak"
1229:incense burner fragments and reconstitution
1080:The first known Egyptian fresco, Tomb 100,
264:at an early date, in an example of ancient
3309:
3295:
2952:
2392:Ancient Egyptians: Life in the Pyramid Age
1845:
1698:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
5353:Portrait of Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta
3113:
3111:
2831:
2778:
2776:
2682:
2492:
2490:
2141:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
207:the first chapter of the history of Egypt
6144:Displaying the Body of Saint Bonaventure
6062:Christ on the Cross Adored by Two Donors
5683:Portrait of the Artist Holding a Thistle
5020:Allegory of Isabella d'Este's Coronation
4518:Normandy Thatched Cottage, Old Trouville
4264:Entry of the Crusaders in Constantinople
4215:Portrait of Madame Marie-Louise Trudaine
3049:
2729:Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilisation
2449:
2342:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2258:
1803:
885:Mesopotamian scenes, hunting of animals
5252:Saints Bonaventure and Anthony of Padua
4610:The Card Sharp with the Ace of Diamonds
4016:Gabrielle d'Estrées et une de ses sœurs
3075:
2782:
2752:
2418:
2414:
2412:
1764:
1622:
1536:Egyptian knife handle, circa 3200 BCE.
1488:National Archaeological Museum (France)
14:
6253:
6099:Still Life of a Lamb's Head and Flanks
3554:Quintus Marcius trilingual inscription
3232:
3204:
3174:
3108:
2789:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 424.
2773:
2639:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2487:
2425:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 424.
2234:
1734:
1583:
521:Width of the blade inside the handle:
505:Thickness of the blade at its center:
344:were taking place at this time at the
312:, 40 kilometres (25 mi) south of
185:département des Antiquités égyptiennes
164:
6093:Portrait of the Marquise de la Solana
4628:Saint Sebastian Tended by Saint Irene
4324:A Young Tiger Playing with Its Mother
3982:
3391:
3328:
3290:
3170:
3168:
2891:
2827:
2825:
2809:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2550:
2444:
2442:
2388:
2369:
2323:
2296:
2255:
2175:Mesnil du Buisson, Robert du (1969).
2031:
2029:
2027:
1760:
1758:
1552:Prehistoric knife, Naqada II period,
787:(now both identified with the planet
5316:The Battle Between Love and Chastity
5158:Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata
5127:The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne
5077:Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata
4894:Three Scenes from the Life of Esther
4486:Napoléon on the Battlefield of Eylau
4179:The Intervention of the Sabine Women
3237:. Oxford: Blackwell. pp. 29ff.
3011:British Museum Book of Ancient Egypt
2725:
2608:
2523:
2506:Desert Animals in the Eastern Sahara
2409:
2197:
1836:www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1g69z2n.9.
1672:
1474:and an ibex The knife is now in the
1396:chasing after an oryx. Finally, two
153:, where it is now on display in the
4684:Landscape with Orpheus and Eurydice
3659:Cosmetic Spoon: Young Girl Swimming
3233:Grimal, Nicolas-Christophe (1992).
3175:Honoré, Emmanuelle (January 2007).
2834:The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology
2786:A Companion to Ancient Egyptian Art
2685:The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology
2563:
2512:
2422:A Companion to Ancient Egyptian Art
2276:. Peeters Publishers. p. 894.
2200:Legend, the Genesis of Civilisation
1768:A Companion to Ancient Egyptian Art
1178:Shaven-headed man with beard, from
795:said the central figure is the god
513:Length of blade inside the handle:
24:
6286:Sculpture of the Ancient Near East
6276:Egyptian antiquities in the Louvre
6087:Portrait of Ferdinand Guillemardet
6068:Portrait of Antonio de Covarrubias
5403:Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione
5297:Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine
5152:The Healing of Justinian the Canon
5001:Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine
3226:
3165:
2910:
2822:
2595:
2439:
2212:Sumerian King List column III, 1-5
2024:
1793:"Site officiel du musée du Louvre"
1755:
1656:"Site officiel du musée du Louvre"
1478:under the catalog number CG 14265.
1360:in the Tomb 32 at Abu Zeidan near
1056:–3200 BCE), with the scene of the
497:Width of the blade at its center:
365:, a type of Egyptian flint called
25:
6327:
5843:The Vegetable Market in Amsterdam
5708:Madonna and Child with Two Donors
4294:The Murder of the Bishop of Liège
3316:
3252:
2934:L'Art de l'Ancien Empire égyptien
1926:C2RMF report, M. Christensen 1999
1910:Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur
1848:Journal of Archaeological Science
1340:Knife handle detail with animals.
1294:
6235:
6234:
5772:Portrait of Erasmus of Rotterdam
5551:(also attributed to Giorgione);
4635:Philippe de Champaigne
4622:Magdalene with the Smoking Flame
3494:Land grant to Munnabittu kudurru
2894:"Naqada IId, Birth of an Empire"
2812:"Naqada IId, Birth of an Empire"
2553:"Naqada IId, Birth of an Empire"
2372:"Naqada IId, Birth of an Empire"
2326:"Naqada IId, Birth of an Empire"
1545:
1529:
1511:
1495:
1333:
1311:
1270:
1246:
1234:
1219:
1203:
1187:
1171:
1140:
1126:
1112:
1098:
1073:
1020:
1008:
989:
977:
965:
953:
930:
918:
906:
891:
879:
744:
732:
624:
612:
600:
588:
457:
445:
433:
421:
277:
241:
225:
40:
6266:1914 archaeological discoveries
5911:Helena Fourment with a Carriage
5791:Card Players in a Rich Interior
5460:The Incredulity of Saint Thomas
5421:Saint Michael Vanquishing Satan
5347:Piero della Francesca
4697:Pietà of Villeneuve-lès-Avignon
4418:The Woman with a Gambling Mania
3392:
3198:
3187:
3139:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
3130:
3104:available copyright-free online
3088:
3069:
3043:
3024:
3003:
2990:
2965:
2946:
2923:
2904:
2885:
2868:
2803:
2746:
2719:
2676:
2632:
2618:. Open Road Media. p. 22.
2544:
2470:
2382:
2363:
2336:
2317:
2290:
2241:. Eisenbrauns. pp. 10–14.
2228:
2215:
2206:
2191:
2168:
2135:
2093:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
2080:
2038:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
1982:Journal of Near Eastern Studies
1973:
1949:
1929:
1920:
1901:
1874:
1839:
1829:
1816:
1741:. Eisenbrauns. pp. 10–14.
698:1.3 centimetres (0.51 in)
690:2.0 centimetres (0.79 in)
682:1.2 centimetres (0.47 in)
508:0.6 centimetres (0.24 in)
492:18.8 centimetres (7.4 in)
381:Roughing of the original stone.
67:25.5 centimetres (10.0 in)
5817:The Money Changer and His Wife
4837:Antonello da Messina
4604:The Adoration of the Shepherds
4468:Bonaparte at the Pont d'Arcole
3856:Hercules and the lion of Nemea
3040:on the British Museum website.
2524:King, Leonard William (1918).
1785:
1728:
1719:
1692:
1666:
706:1.0 centimetre (0.39 in)
674:4.2 centimetres (1.7 in)
666:9.5 centimetres (3.7 in)
524:3.7 centimetres (1.5 in)
516:2.8 centimetres (1.1 in)
500:5.7 centimetres (2.2 in)
351:
13:
1:
5917:Helena Fourment with Children
5670:Triptych of the Sedano family
4710:Principal Monuments of France
4555:Mademoiselle Caroline Rivière
3983:
3736:Altar of Domitius Ahenobarbus
3654:Bronze Sphinx of Thutmose III
3013:, Thames & Hudson, 1996,
1577:
1562:period of a few generations.
1158:Some of the figures found in
1085:
1050:
384:Preformation of the blade by
303:
79:
5830:Diptych of an elderly couple
5778:Portrait of Nicolaus Kratzer
5397:Madonna with the Blue Diadem
5007:Venus and Cupid with a Satyr
4197:The Loves of Paris and Helen
3941:Winged Victory of Samothrace
3911:The Exaltation of the Flower
3464:Sarcophagus of Eshmunazar II
3329:
3009:S. Quirke and A.J. Spencer:
2783:Hartwig, Melinda K. (2014).
2419:Hartwig, Melinda K. (2014).
1868:10.1016/0305-4403(84)90023-2
1765:Hartwig, Melinda K. (2014).
1040:
777:flanked by two upright lions
751:Outline of remaining designs
7:
5960:Dune Landscape near Haarlem
5886:Saint Matthew and the Angel
5721:Madonna of Chancellor Rolin
5427:Self-Portrait with a Friend
5039:An Old Man and his Grandson
4774:The Embarkation for Cythera
4678:The Inspiration of the Poet
4573:Portrait of Monsieur Bertin
4337:Bonaparte Crossing the Alps
4306:Portrait of Frédéric Chopin
4300:Orphan Girl at the Cemetery
4221:Portrait of Madame Récamier
3861:Judgement of Paris (mosaic)
3826:Dinos of the Gorgon Painter
3277:Poignard "du Gebel el-Arak"
2581:. Eisenbrauns. p. 14.
2483:. Putnam. 1966. p. 15.
2450:Beaujard, Philippe (2019).
2142:Watterson, Barbara (1997).
1705:. Eisenbrauns. p. 10.
1623:Delange, Élisabeth (2009).
1565:
793:Robert du Mesnil du Buisson
719:Egypt-Mesopotamia relations
705:
697:
689:
681:
673:
665:
523:
515:
507:
499:
491:
474:Predynastic period of Egypt
266:Egypt-Mesopotamia relations
169:
10:
6332:
5747:Catharina Both-van der Eem
5473:Portrait of a Clad Warrior
5379:Angel Holding a Phylactery
5058:Adoration of the Shepherds
4375:Adoration of the Shepherds
4270:Liberty Leading the People
4173:The Coronation of Napoleon
4167:Andromache Mourning Hector
4029:Artists in Isabey's Studio
3891:Sarcophagus of the Spouses
3876:Marcellus as Hermes Logios
3599:Victory Stele of Naram-Sin
3534:Nazimaruttaš kudurru stone
3235:A History of Ancient Egypt
2235:Cooper, Jerrol S. (1996).
1735:Cooper, Jerrol S. (1996).
1538:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1484:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1414:Metropolitan Museum of Art
862:Metropolitan Museum of Art
763:Metropolitan Museum of Art
759:Metropolitan Museum of Art
716:
712:
566:, and probably received a
535:The handle is made of the
210:(emphasis in the original)
6230:
6198:
6159:
6045:
6036:Perseus Freeing Andromeda
5880:Philosopher in Meditation
5608:
5554:Saint Jerome in Penitence
5492:Birth of John the Baptist
5239:The Carrying of the Cross
5183:Saint Jerome in Penitence
5171:Christ Carrying the Cross
4944:The Sermon of St. Stephen
4813:
4258:The Death of Sardanapalus
4227:Portrait of Pope Pius VII
3993:
3989:
3978:
3949:
3712:
3674:Khonsuemheb and the Ghost
3622:
3402:
3398:
3387:
3335:
3324:
3205:Holmes, Diane L. (1989).
2759:. Routledge. p. 94.
2732:. Routledge. p. 94.
1939:, 1984, p. 37 & 153,
1883:Dagger from Gebel el-Arak
1305:Ritual knife with animals
1120:Individual fighting scene
1065:
1027:Egyptian-type bow-shaped
874:(details of the reliefs)
869:
836:Egyptian disk-shaped mace
530:
141:was purchased in 1914 in
111:
100:
88:
71:
63:
55:
39:
34:
6011:van der Weyden
5586:The Battle of San Romano
5524:The Entombment of Christ
5518:The Crowning with Thorns
5391:Holy Family of Francis I
5340:Young Saint with a Sword
4830:Coronation of the Virgin
4512:The Flood of Saint-Cloud
3479:Investiture of Zimri-Lim
2753:Bestock, Laurel (2017).
2343:Thompson, Jason (2008).
1162:, or the enemies of the
757:The knife handle of the
607:front face of the handle
464:Detail of the serrations
452:Detail of the serrations
356:
6261:4th-millennium BC works
6112:The Birth of the Virgin
5868:Landscape with a Castle
4881:Portrait of a Young Man
4531:The Apotheosis of Homer
4400:The 1821 Derby at Epsom
4276:Lion Devouring a Rabbit
4185:Leonidas at Thermopylae
4079:Boy with a Spinning-Top
3901:Sleeping Hermaphroditus
3474:Hurrian foundation pegs
3449:Bushel with ibex motifs
3279:, official site of the
2726:Kemp, Barry J. (2007).
2198:Rohl, David M. (1988).
1961:La Pierre prehistorique
1826:, devis du 31 mars 1933
703:Thickness of the knob:
595:back face of the handle
554:", which is the tip of
5935:Marie de' Medici cycle
5366:Portrait of a Princess
5226:Triumph of the Virtues
5208:Madonna della Vittoria
5121:Saint John the Baptist
5064:Marriage of the Virgin
4672:The Funeral of Phocion
4579:Roger Freeing Angelica
4561:Oedipus and the Sphinx
4424:The Wounded Cuirassier
4412:The Raft of the Medusa
4343:The Children of Edward
4122:The Toilette of Esther
4042:The Brunette Odalisque
3549:Phoenician metal bowls
3094:James Edward Quibell:
2977:www.brooklynmuseum.org
2297:Isler, Martin (2001).
1134:Hunting dog on a leash
326:
288:and dated to 3300 BC.
214:
147:Georges Aaron Bénédite
107:, Sully wing, room 633
94:Georges Aaron Bénédite
6017:Annunciation Triptych
5972:Storm Off a Sea Coast
5862:Bathsheba at Her Bath
5696:Charles I at the Hunt
5530:Madonna of the Rabbit
5486:Adoration of the Magi
4406:The Charging Chasseur
4288:The Massacre at Chios
4203:Minerva Fighting Mars
3679:Raherka and Meresankh
3669:Great Sphinx of Tanis
3574:Stele of the Vultures
3444:Baal with Thunderbolt
3439:Assyrian lion weights
3355:Pavillon de l'Horloge
2150:. Blackwell. p.
1673:Mark, Samuel (2006).
1212:Gebel Sheikh Suleiman
1084:, Naqada II culture (
580:details of the handle
318:
248:Mesopotamian king as
193:
59:Elephant ivory, flint
6271:Art of ancient Egypt
5923:Hercules and Omphale
5804:The Four Evangelists
5202:Judgement of Solomon
5146:Barbadori Altarpiece
5109:La belle ferronnière
4843:Christ at the Column
4742:A Mediterranean Port
4616:Joseph the Carpenter
4591:The Valpinçon Bather
4499:Jeune fille en buste
3936:Winged Lion of Vulci
3881:Nazareth Inscription
3529:Nazareth Inscription
3434:Amarna letter EA 367
3429:Amarna letter EA 365
3424:Amarna letter EA 364
3419:Amarna letter EA 362
2389:Kamil, Jill (1996).
1067:Hierakonpolis fresco
803:identifies him with
687:Length of the knob:
671:Width of the basis:
413:Details of the blade
155:Sully wing, room 633
5651:Lamentation (Pietà)
5599:The Wedding at Cana
5560:Woman with a Mirror
5385:La belle jardinière
5133:Virgin of the Rocks
4919:Death of the Virgin
4792:Jupiter and Antiope
4252:The Bride of Abydos
4246:The Barque of Dante
4209:Oath of the Horatii
4154:The Bridge at Narni
3957:Harbaville Triptych
3821:Diana of Versailles
3806:Boscoreale Treasure
3786:Borghese Collection
3741:Antinous Mondragone
3632:Gebel el-Arak Knife
3604:Worshipper of Larsa
3589:Tiara of Saitaferne
3564:Statue of Iddi-Ilum
3504:Manishtushu Obelisk
2648:(4): 566, image 8.
1890:on 16 November 2020
1860:1984JArSc..11..433K
871:Gebel el-Arak Knife
695:Width of the knob:
679:Average thickness:
165:Purchase and origin
135:Egyptian prehistory
127:Jebel el-Arak Knife
123:Gebel el-Arak Knife
35:Gebel el-Arak Knife
18:Gebel al-Arak knife
6306:Individual weapons
5664:Cervara Altarpiece
5310:Apollo and Daphnis
4995:Allegory of Virtue
4925:The Fortune Teller
4755:Allegory of Wealth
4449:The Father's Curse
4010:Diana the Huntress
3962:Lampsacus Treasure
3791:Borghese Gladiator
3776:Athena of Velletri
3766:Apollo Sauroctonos
3761:Apollo of Piombino
3704:Statue of Karomama
3689:Tomb of Akhethetep
3519:Namara inscription
3414:ʿAin Ghazal statue
3036:2015-10-18 at the
1935:Winifred Needler:
1797:cartelfr.louvre.fr
1660:cartelfr.louvre.fr
1106:Master of animals.
631:side of the handle
619:side of the handle
386:percussion flaking
6301:Prehistoric Egypt
6248:
6247:
6226:
6225:
6222:
6221:
5734:The Tree of Crows
5573:Pietà with Saints
5433:Small Holy Family
4660:Et in Arcadia ego
4455:The Village Bride
4443:The Broken Vessel
4437:The Bible Reading
4282:Mademoiselle Rose
3974:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3841:Furietti Centaurs
3684:Stela of Pasenhor
3638:The Seated Scribe
3569:Statue of Ebih-Il
3509:Masub inscription
3459:Code of Hammurabi
3383:
3382:
3365:Pyramide inversée
3350:Pavillon de Flore
3031:Pitt-Rivers knife
2973:"Brooklyn Museum"
2892:Josephson, Jack.
2810:Josephson, Jack.
2796:978-1-118-32509-4
2766:978-1-134-85626-8
2739:978-1-134-56389-0
2625:978-1-5040-6059-2
2588:978-0-931464-96-6
2551:Josephson, Jack.
2463:978-1-108-42456-1
2432:978-1-118-32509-4
2402:978-977-424-392-9
2370:Josephson, Jack.
2356:978-977-416-091-2
2324:Josephson, Jack.
2310:978-0-8061-3342-3
2283:978-90-429-1469-8
1969:978-2-9506212-0-7
1955:Francois Poplin:
1712:978-0-931464-96-6
1572:Master of Animals
1519:Pitt-Rivers knife
1504:Gebel-Tarif knife
1468:Gebel-Tarif knife
1421:Pitt-Rivers knife
1406:Scorpion Macehead
1358:Jacques de Morgan
1210:Petroglyphs from
1156:
1155:
1058:Master of animals
1038:
1037:
943:Sumerian religion
899:Master of animals
821:Master of Animals
773:Master of Animals
710:
709:
552:Master of Animals
546:, and not from a
528:
527:
478:use-wear analysis
250:Master of Animals
211:
119:
118:
16:(Redirected from
6323:
6238:
6237:
6209:
6185:
6172:
6140:
6127:
6118:The Young Beggar
6108:
6083:
6058:
6032:
6013:
5994:
5981:
5966:The Ray of Light
5956:
5941:The Village Fête
5907:
5852:
5839:
5826:
5813:
5800:
5787:
5768:
5743:
5730:
5717:
5692:
5679:
5660:
5647:
5634:
5621:
5595:
5582:
5569:
5548:Pastoral Concert
5536:Man with a Glove
5514:
5501:
5482:
5469:
5456:
5442:
5375:
5362:
5349:
5331:(with Ingegno);
5306:
5293:
5280:
5267:
5248:
5235:
5192:
5167:
5142:
5099:
5086:
5073:
5054:
5035:
5016:
4989:Allegory of Vice
4985:
4972:
4953:
4940:
4915:
4890:
4865:
4856:The Four Seasons
4852:
4839:
4826:
4770:
4761:Hesselin Madonna
4751:
4738:
4725:
4706:
4693:
4666:The Four Seasons
4650:
4637:
4600:
4585:The Turkish Bath
4543:Grande Odalisque
4527:
4508:
4495:
4464:
4433:
4396:
4371:
4358:
4349:The Young Martyr
4333:
4318:Women of Algiers
4242:
4163:
4150:
4137:
4110:Aline Chassériau
4106:
4063:
4038:
4025:
4006:
3991:
3990:
3980:
3979:
3896:Sleeping Ariadne
3846:Gladiator Mosaic
3811:Cupid and Psyche
3756:Apollo of Mantua
3751:Apollo Belvedere
3644:Banishment Stela
3594:Vase of Entemena
3454:Cippi of Melqart
3400:
3399:
3389:
3388:
3340:Louvre Colonnade
3326:
3325:
3311:
3304:
3297:
3288:
3287:
3275:
3248:
3221:
3220:
3202:
3196:
3191:
3185:
3184:
3172:
3163:
3162:
3134:
3128:
3126:Available online
3115:
3106:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3073:
3067:
3065:
3047:
3041:
3028:
3022:
3007:
3001:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2950:
2944:
2927:
2921:
2920:
2911:Dreyer, Günter.
2908:
2902:
2901:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2872:
2866:
2865:
2829:
2820:
2819:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2780:
2771:
2770:
2750:
2744:
2743:
2723:
2717:
2716:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2642:The Art Bulletin
2636:
2630:
2629:
2606:
2593:
2592:
2572:
2561:
2560:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2521:
2510:
2509:
2499:Darnell, John C.
2494:
2485:
2484:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2446:
2437:
2436:
2416:
2407:
2406:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2367:
2361:
2360:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2321:
2315:
2314:
2294:
2288:
2287:
2266:
2253:
2252:
2232:
2226:
2219:
2213:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2195:
2189:
2188:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2149:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2033:
2022:
2021:
1977:
1971:
1953:
1947:
1933:
1927:
1924:
1918:
1917:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1886:, archived from
1878:
1872:
1871:
1843:
1837:
1833:
1827:
1820:
1814:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1762:
1753:
1752:
1732:
1726:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1696:
1690:
1688:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1652:
1639:
1638:
1620:
1549:
1533:
1515:
1499:
1398:electric catfish
1356:, discovered by
1337:
1315:
1274:
1250:
1238:
1223:
1207:
1191:
1175:
1144:
1130:
1116:
1102:
1090:
1087:
1077:
1063:
1055:
1052:
1024:
1012:
993:
981:
969:
957:
934:
922:
910:
895:
883:
867:
779:symbolising the
748:
736:
660:
659:
628:
616:
604:
592:
486:
485:
461:
449:
437:
425:
342:Thomas Eric Peet
281:
245:
229:
209:
101:Present location
84:
81:
44:
32:
31:
21:
6331:
6330:
6326:
6325:
6324:
6322:
6321:
6320:
6291:31st century BC
6251:
6250:
6249:
6244:
6218:
6205:
6194:
6181:
6168:
6155:
6150:Saint Apollonia
6136:
6123:
6104:
6079:
6054:
6041:
6028:
6023:Braque Triptych
6009:
5990:
5977:
5952:
5903:
5848:
5835:
5822:
5809:
5796:
5783:
5764:
5759:The Lute Player
5739:
5726:
5713:
5688:
5675:
5656:
5643:
5630:
5617:
5604:
5591:
5578:
5565:
5510:
5497:
5478:
5465:
5452:
5438:
5371:
5358:
5345:
5302:
5289:
5276:
5263:
5244:
5231:
5220:Saint Sebastian
5188:
5163:
5138:
5095:
5082:
5069:
5050:
5031:
5012:
4981:
4968:
4949:
4936:
4911:
4886:
4869:Christ Blessing
4861:
4848:
4835:
4822:
4809:
4804:The Two Cousins
4766:
4747:
4734:
4721:
4702:
4689:
4646:
4641:Ex-Voto de 1662
4633:
4596:
4523:
4504:
4491:
4460:
4429:
4392:
4367:
4354:
4329:
4238:
4159:
4146:
4133:
4128:The Two Sisters
4102:
4059:
4034:
4021:
4002:
3985:
3966:
3945:
3866:Lady of Auxerre
3836:Eurytios Krater
3781:Barberini ivory
3746:Antioch mosaics
3721:
3708:
3699:Hunters Palette
3618:
3609:Yehawmilk Stele
3579:Stele of Zakkur
3559:Sidon Mithraeum
3469:Gudea cylinders
3407:and Middle East
3406:
3394:
3379:
3375:Medieval Louvre
3331:
3320:
3315:
3273:
3255:
3245:
3229:
3227:Further reading
3224:
3217:
3203:
3199:
3192:
3188:
3173:
3166:
3135:
3131:
3116:
3109:
3096:Archaic Objects
3093:
3089:
3074:
3070:
3062:
3048:
3044:
3038:Wayback Machine
3029:
3025:
3008:
3004:
2995:
2991:
2981:
2979:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2951:
2947:
2928:
2924:
2909:
2905:
2890:
2886:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2846:10.2307/3855778
2830:
2823:
2808:
2804:
2797:
2781:
2774:
2767:
2751:
2747:
2740:
2724:
2720:
2697:10.2307/3855778
2681:
2677:
2654:10.2307/3045984
2637:
2633:
2626:
2607:
2596:
2589:
2573:
2564:
2549:
2545:
2538:
2522:
2513:
2495:
2488:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2464:
2447:
2440:
2433:
2417:
2410:
2403:
2387:
2383:
2368:
2364:
2357:
2341:
2337:
2322:
2318:
2311:
2295:
2291:
2284:
2267:
2256:
2249:
2233:
2229:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2196:
2192:
2173:
2169:
2162:
2140:
2136:
2085:
2081:
2034:
2025:
1978:
1974:
1954:
1950:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1921:
1906:
1902:
1893:
1891:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1844:
1840:
1834:
1830:
1821:
1817:
1808:
1804:
1791:
1790:
1786:
1779:
1763:
1756:
1749:
1733:
1729:
1724:
1720:
1713:
1697:
1693:
1685:
1671:
1667:
1654:
1653:
1642:
1635:
1621:
1584:
1580:
1568:
1557:
1550:
1541:
1534:
1525:
1516:
1507:
1500:
1476:Egyptian Museum
1455:, oryxes and a
1354:Brooklyn Museum
1345:
1344:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1329:
1328:
1327:
1324:Brooklyn Museum
1316:
1307:
1306:
1297:
1290:
1287:Brooklyn Museum
1285:3800-3400 BCE,
1275:
1266:
1263:Brooklyn Museum
1261:3800-3400 BCE,
1251:
1242:
1239:
1230:
1224:
1215:
1208:
1199:
1192:
1183:
1176:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1136:
1135:
1131:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1092:
1088:
1078:
1053:
1043:
1032:
1025:
1016:
1013:
1004:
994:
985:
982:
973:
970:
958:
946:
935:
926:
923:
914:
911:
902:
896:
884:
873:
769:
768:
767:
766:
754:
753:
752:
749:
741:
740:
737:
728:
727:
721:
715:
637:
636:
635:
632:
629:
620:
617:
608:
605:
596:
593:
582:
581:
533:
470:
469:
468:
465:
462:
453:
450:
441:
438:
429:
426:
415:
414:
359:
354:
338:Édouard Naville
334:Flinders Petrie
330:Émile Amélineau
306:
297:
296:
295:
294:
293:
282:
274:
273:
246:
238:
237:
230:
221:
220:
172:
167:
105:Musée du Louvre
82:
51:
48:Musée du Louvre
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6329:
6319:
6318:
6316:Gerzeh culture
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6246:
6245:
6243:
6242:
6231:
6228:
6227:
6224:
6223:
6220:
6219:
6217:
6216:
6202:
6200:
6196:
6195:
6193:
6192:
6179:
6165:
6163:
6157:
6156:
6154:
6153:
6134:
6121:
6102:
6077:
6051:
6049:
6043:
6042:
6040:
6039:
6026:
6007:
5998:The Astronomer
5988:
5975:
5950:
5901:
5898:Slaughtered Ox
5846:
5833:
5820:
5807:
5794:
5781:
5762:
5753:The Gypsy Girl
5737:
5724:
5711:
5686:
5673:
5654:
5641:
5628:
5614:
5612:
5606:
5605:
5603:
5602:
5589:
5576:
5563:
5508:
5495:
5476:
5463:
5450:
5449:(with Raphael)
5436:
5400:(with Penni);
5369:
5356:
5343:
5300:
5287:
5274:
5261:
5242:
5229:
5186:
5161:
5136:
5093:
5080:
5067:
5048:
5029:
5026:Reign of Comus
5010:
4979:
4966:
4947:
4934:
4909:
4884:
4859:
4846:
4833:
4819:
4817:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4807:
4764:
4745:
4732:
4719:
4700:
4687:
4644:
4631:
4594:
4521:
4502:
4489:
4458:
4427:
4390:
4365:
4352:
4327:
4236:
4157:
4144:
4131:
4100:
4057:
4032:
4019:
3999:
3997:
3987:
3986:
3976:
3975:
3972:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3931:Venus of Arles
3928:
3926:Venus Genetrix
3923:
3918:
3916:Venus and Mars
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3871:Las Incantadas
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3816:Diana of Gabii
3813:
3808:
3803:
3801:Borghese Venus
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3727:
3725:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3664:Dendera zodiac
3661:
3656:
3651:
3649:Bentresh stela
3646:
3641:
3634:
3628:
3626:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3410:
3408:
3396:
3395:
3385:
3384:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3360:Louvre Pyramid
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3322:
3321:
3314:
3313:
3306:
3299:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3254:
3253:External links
3251:
3250:
3249:
3243:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3222:
3215:
3197:
3186:
3164:
3151:10.1086/373253
3145:(4): 245–285.
3129:
3107:
3087:
3068:
3060:
3054:. The Museum.
3042:
3023:
3002:
2998:online catalog
2989:
2964:
2945:
2942:978-2110042644
2922:
2903:
2884:
2867:
2821:
2802:
2795:
2772:
2765:
2745:
2738:
2718:
2675:
2631:
2624:
2594:
2587:
2562:
2543:
2536:
2511:
2486:
2469:
2462:
2438:
2431:
2408:
2401:
2381:
2362:
2355:
2335:
2316:
2309:
2289:
2282:
2254:
2247:
2227:
2214:
2205:
2190:
2167:
2160:
2134:
2105:10.1086/373253
2079:
2050:10.1086/373253
2044:(4): 245–285.
2023:
1994:10.1086/373253
1972:
1948:
1928:
1919:
1900:
1873:
1838:
1828:
1815:
1802:
1784:
1777:
1754:
1747:
1727:
1718:
1711:
1691:
1684:978-1585445301
1683:
1665:
1640:
1633:
1581:
1579:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1567:
1564:
1559:
1558:
1551:
1544:
1542:
1535:
1528:
1526:
1523:British Museum
1517:
1510:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1480:
1479:
1464:
1433:British Museum
1417:
1410:Narmer palette
1404:, such as the
1339:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1317:
1310:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1295:Similar knives
1293:
1292:
1291:
1276:
1269:
1267:
1252:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1233:
1231:
1225:
1218:
1216:
1209:
1202:
1200:
1193:
1186:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1154:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1132:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1111:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1097:
1093:
1079:
1070:
1069:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1034:
1033:
1026:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1007:
1005:
995:
988:
986:
983:
976:
974:
971:
964:
960:
959:Battle scenes
950:
949:
948:
947:
936:
929:
927:
924:
917:
915:
912:
905:
903:
897:
890:
886:
876:
875:
823:images of the
813:Nicolas Grimal
756:
755:
750:
743:
742:
738:
731:
730:
729:
725:
724:
723:
722:
714:
711:
708:
707:
704:
700:
699:
696:
692:
691:
688:
684:
683:
680:
676:
675:
672:
668:
667:
664:
663:Total length:
634:
633:
630:
623:
621:
618:
611:
609:
606:
599:
597:
594:
587:
584:
583:
579:
578:
577:
532:
529:
526:
525:
522:
518:
517:
514:
510:
509:
506:
502:
501:
498:
494:
493:
490:
489:Total length:
467:
466:
463:
456:
454:
451:
444:
442:
439:
432:
430:
427:
420:
417:
416:
412:
411:
410:
409:
408:
401:
393:
389:
382:
358:
355:
353:
350:
305:
302:
283:
276:
275:
247:
240:
239:
231:
224:
223:
222:
218:
217:
216:
215:
171:
168:
166:
163:
117:
116:
113:
112:Identification
109:
108:
102:
98:
97:
90:
86:
85:
83: 3450 BC
73:
69:
68:
65:
61:
60:
57:
53:
52:
45:
37:
36:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6328:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6258:
6256:
6241:
6233:
6232:
6229:
6215:
6214:
6208:
6204:
6203:
6201:
6197:
6191:
6190:
6184:
6180:
6178:
6177:
6171:
6167:
6166:
6164:
6162:
6158:
6152:
6151:
6146:
6145:
6139:
6135:
6133:
6132:
6126:
6122:
6120:
6119:
6114:
6113:
6107:
6103:
6101:
6100:
6095:
6094:
6089:
6088:
6082:
6078:
6076:
6075:
6070:
6069:
6064:
6063:
6057:
6053:
6052:
6050:
6048:
6044:
6038:
6037:
6031:
6027:
6025:
6024:
6019:
6018:
6012:
6008:
6006:
6005:
6004:The Lacemaker
6000:
5999:
5993:
5989:
5987:
5986:
5980:
5976:
5974:
5973:
5968:
5967:
5962:
5961:
5955:
5951:
5949:
5948:
5943:
5942:
5937:
5936:
5931:
5930:
5925:
5924:
5919:
5918:
5913:
5912:
5906:
5902:
5900:
5899:
5894:
5893:
5892:Self-Portrait
5888:
5887:
5882:
5881:
5876:
5875:
5870:
5869:
5864:
5863:
5858:
5857:
5851:
5847:
5845:
5844:
5838:
5834:
5832:
5831:
5825:
5821:
5819:
5818:
5812:
5808:
5806:
5805:
5799:
5795:
5793:
5792:
5786:
5785:de Hooch
5782:
5780:
5779:
5774:
5773:
5767:
5763:
5761:
5760:
5755:
5754:
5749:
5748:
5742:
5738:
5736:
5735:
5729:
5725:
5723:
5722:
5716:
5715:van Eyck
5712:
5710:
5709:
5704:
5703:
5698:
5697:
5691:
5690:van Dyck
5687:
5685:
5684:
5678:
5674:
5672:
5671:
5666:
5665:
5659:
5655:
5653:
5652:
5646:
5642:
5640:
5639:
5633:
5629:
5627:
5626:
5625:Ship of Fools
5620:
5616:
5615:
5613:
5611:
5607:
5601:
5600:
5594:
5590:
5588:
5587:
5581:
5577:
5575:
5574:
5568:
5564:
5562:
5561:
5556:
5555:
5550:
5549:
5544:
5543:
5538:
5537:
5532:
5531:
5526:
5525:
5520:
5519:
5513:
5509:
5507:
5506:
5505:Self Portrait
5500:
5496:
5494:
5493:
5488:
5487:
5481:
5477:
5475:
5474:
5468:
5464:
5462:
5461:
5455:
5451:
5448:
5447:
5441:
5437:
5435:
5434:
5429:
5428:
5423:
5422:
5417:
5416:
5415:Saint Michael
5411:
5410:
5405:
5404:
5399:
5398:
5393:
5392:
5387:
5386:
5381:
5380:
5374:
5370:
5368:
5367:
5361:
5357:
5355:
5354:
5348:
5344:
5342:
5341:
5336:
5335:
5330:
5329:
5324:
5323:
5318:
5317:
5312:
5311:
5305:
5301:
5299:
5298:
5292:
5288:
5286:
5285:
5279:
5275:
5273:
5272:
5266:
5262:
5260:
5259:
5254:
5253:
5247:
5243:
5241:
5240:
5234:
5230:
5228:
5227:
5222:
5221:
5216:
5215:
5210:
5209:
5204:
5203:
5198:
5197:
5191:
5187:
5185:
5184:
5179:
5178:
5173:
5172:
5166:
5162:
5160:
5159:
5154:
5153:
5148:
5147:
5141:
5137:
5135:
5134:
5129:
5128:
5123:
5122:
5117:
5116:
5111:
5110:
5105:
5104:
5098:
5094:
5092:
5091:
5085:
5081:
5079:
5078:
5072:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5060:
5059:
5053:
5049:
5047:
5046:
5041:
5040:
5034:
5030:
5028:
5027:
5022:
5021:
5015:
5011:
5009:
5008:
5003:
5002:
4997:
4996:
4991:
4990:
4984:
4980:
4978:
4977:
4971:
4967:
4965:
4964:
4959:
4958:
4952:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4939:
4935:
4933:
4932:
4927:
4926:
4921:
4920:
4914:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4902:
4901:
4896:
4895:
4889:
4885:
4883:
4882:
4877:
4876:
4871:
4870:
4864:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4851:
4847:
4845:
4844:
4838:
4834:
4832:
4831:
4825:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4812:
4806:
4805:
4800:
4799:
4794:
4793:
4788:
4787:
4786:L'Indifférent
4782:
4781:
4776:
4775:
4769:
4765:
4763:
4762:
4757:
4756:
4750:
4746:
4744:
4743:
4737:
4733:
4731:
4730:
4724:
4720:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4711:
4705:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4692:
4688:
4686:
4685:
4680:
4679:
4674:
4673:
4668:
4667:
4662:
4661:
4656:
4655:
4649:
4645:
4643:
4642:
4636:
4632:
4630:
4629:
4624:
4623:
4618:
4617:
4612:
4611:
4606:
4605:
4599:
4595:
4593:
4592:
4587:
4586:
4581:
4580:
4575:
4574:
4569:
4568:
4563:
4562:
4557:
4556:
4551:
4550:
4545:
4544:
4539:
4538:
4533:
4532:
4526:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4514:
4513:
4507:
4503:
4501:
4500:
4494:
4490:
4488:
4487:
4482:
4481:
4476:
4475:
4470:
4469:
4463:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4451:
4450:
4445:
4444:
4439:
4438:
4432:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4420:
4419:
4414:
4413:
4408:
4407:
4402:
4401:
4395:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4383:
4382:
4377:
4376:
4370:
4366:
4364:
4363:
4357:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4345:
4344:
4339:
4338:
4332:
4328:
4326:
4325:
4320:
4319:
4314:
4313:
4308:
4307:
4302:
4301:
4296:
4295:
4290:
4289:
4284:
4283:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4271:
4266:
4265:
4260:
4259:
4254:
4253:
4248:
4247:
4241:
4237:
4235:
4234:
4233:Self-Portrait
4229:
4228:
4223:
4222:
4217:
4216:
4211:
4210:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4192:
4187:
4186:
4181:
4180:
4175:
4174:
4169:
4168:
4162:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4149:
4145:
4143:
4142:
4136:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4124:
4123:
4118:
4117:
4116:Self-Portrait
4112:
4111:
4105:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4093:
4092:
4087:
4086:
4081:
4080:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4068:
4062:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4049:
4048:Diana Bathing
4044:
4043:
4037:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4024:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4012:
4011:
4005:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3988:
3981:
3977:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3921:Venus de Milo
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3851:Hera Borghese
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3796:Borghese Vase
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3771:Ares Borghese
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3624:Ancient Egypt
3621:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3539:Neirab steles
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3484:Lament for Ur
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3390:
3386:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3337:
3334:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3318:Louvre Museum
3312:
3307:
3305:
3300:
3298:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3256:
3246:
3244:0-631-19396-0
3240:
3236:
3231:
3230:
3218:
3212:
3208:
3201:
3195:
3190:
3182:
3178:
3171:
3169:
3160:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3133:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3114:
3112:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3091:
3083:
3079:
3072:
3063:
3057:
3053:
3046:
3039:
3035:
3032:
3027:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3006:
2999:
2993:
2978:
2974:
2968:
2960:
2956:
2949:
2943:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2926:
2918:
2914:
2907:
2899:
2895:
2888:
2880:
2879:
2871:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2828:
2826:
2817:
2813:
2806:
2798:
2792:
2788:
2787:
2779:
2777:
2768:
2762:
2758:
2757:
2749:
2741:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2722:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2635:
2627:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2611:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2590:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2558:
2554:
2547:
2539:
2537:9783748182030
2533:
2529:
2528:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2507:
2503:
2500:
2493:
2491:
2482:
2481:
2473:
2465:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2445:
2443:
2434:
2428:
2424:
2423:
2415:
2413:
2404:
2398:
2394:
2393:
2385:
2377:
2373:
2366:
2358:
2352:
2348:
2347:
2339:
2331:
2327:
2320:
2312:
2306:
2302:
2301:
2293:
2285:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2250:
2248:9780931464966
2244:
2240:
2239:
2231:
2224:
2218:
2209:
2201:
2194:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2171:
2163:
2161:0-631-21195-0
2157:
2153:
2148:
2147:
2146:The Egyptians
2138:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2083:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1932:
1923:
1915:
1911:
1904:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1877:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1854:(6): 433–53.
1853:
1849:
1842:
1832:
1825:
1819:
1812:
1809:G. Bénédite:
1806:
1798:
1794:
1788:
1780:
1778:9781444333503
1774:
1770:
1769:
1761:
1759:
1750:
1748:9780931464966
1744:
1740:
1739:
1731:
1722:
1714:
1708:
1704:
1703:
1695:
1686:
1680:
1676:
1669:
1661:
1657:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1636:
1634:9782757202524
1630:
1626:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1582:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1563:
1555:
1554:Petrie Museum
1548:
1543:
1539:
1532:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1498:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1462:
1458:
1457:barbary sheep
1454:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1346:
1336:
1325:
1321:
1314:
1300:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1249:
1244:
1237:
1232:
1228:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1196:Hierakonpolis
1190:
1185:
1181:
1180:Hierakonpolis
1174:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1160:Hierakonpolis
1143:
1138:
1129:
1124:
1115:
1110:
1101:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1083:
1082:Hierakonpolis
1076:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1048:
1047:Hierakonpolis
1030:
1023:
1018:
1011:
1006:
1002:
999:
992:
987:
980:
975:
968:
963:
962:
961:
956:
952:
951:
944:
940:
933:
928:
921:
916:
909:
904:
900:
894:
889:
888:
887:
882:
878:
877:
872:
868:
865:
863:
858:
856:
851:
849:
845:
844:Hierakonpolis
841:
837:
832:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
809:Biblical Cush
806:
805:Meskiagkasher
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
785:Evening Stars
782:
778:
774:
764:
760:
747:
735:
720:
702:
701:
694:
693:
686:
685:
678:
677:
670:
669:
662:
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
642:
627:
622:
615:
610:
603:
598:
591:
586:
585:
576:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
542:
538:
520:
519:
512:
511:
504:
503:
496:
495:
488:
487:
484:
481:
479:
475:
460:
455:
448:
443:
436:
431:
424:
419:
418:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
387:
383:
380:
379:
378:
376:
372:
368:
364:
349:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
325:
323:
317:
315:
311:
301:
291:
290:Louvre Museum
287:
280:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
244:
235:
234:Louvre Museum
228:
213:
208:
203:
199:
192:
190:
186:
182:
177:
162:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
114:
110:
106:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
77:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
49:
43:
38:
33:
30:
19:
6211:
6206:
6187:
6182:
6174:
6169:
6148:
6142:
6137:
6131:The Clubfoot
6129:
6124:
6116:
6110:
6105:
6097:
6091:
6085:
6080:
6072:
6066:
6060:
6055:
6034:
6029:
6021:
6015:
6010:
6002:
5996:
5991:
5983:
5978:
5970:
5964:
5958:
5953:
5945:
5939:
5933:
5927:
5921:
5915:
5909:
5904:
5896:
5890:
5884:
5878:
5872:
5866:
5860:
5854:
5849:
5841:
5836:
5828:
5823:
5815:
5810:
5802:
5797:
5789:
5784:
5776:
5770:
5765:
5757:
5751:
5745:
5740:
5732:
5727:
5719:
5714:
5706:
5700:
5694:
5689:
5681:
5676:
5668:
5662:
5657:
5649:
5644:
5636:
5631:
5623:
5618:
5597:
5592:
5584:
5579:
5571:
5566:
5558:
5552:
5546:
5540:
5534:
5528:
5522:
5516:
5511:
5503:
5498:
5490:
5484:
5479:
5471:
5466:
5458:
5453:
5444:
5439:
5431:
5425:
5419:
5413:
5409:Saint George
5407:
5401:
5395:
5389:
5383:
5377:
5372:
5364:
5359:
5351:
5346:
5338:
5334:St Sebastian
5332:
5326:
5320:
5314:
5308:
5303:
5295:
5291:Parmigianino
5290:
5284:Ancient Rome
5282:
5277:
5269:
5264:
5256:
5250:
5245:
5237:
5232:
5224:
5218:
5212:
5206:
5200:
5194:
5189:
5181:
5175:
5169:
5164:
5156:
5150:
5144:
5139:
5131:
5125:
5119:
5113:
5107:
5101:
5096:
5088:
5083:
5075:
5070:
5062:
5056:
5051:
5043:
5037:
5032:
5024:
5018:
5013:
5005:
4999:
4993:
4987:
4982:
4974:
4969:
4961:
4955:
4950:
4942:
4937:
4929:
4923:
4917:
4912:
4904:
4898:
4892:
4887:
4879:
4873:
4867:
4862:
4854:
4849:
4841:
4836:
4828:
4824:Fra Angelico
4823:
4802:
4796:
4790:
4784:
4780:The Faux Pas
4778:
4772:
4767:
4759:
4753:
4748:
4740:
4735:
4727:
4722:
4714:
4708:
4703:
4695:
4690:
4682:
4676:
4670:
4664:
4658:
4652:
4647:
4639:
4634:
4626:
4620:
4614:
4608:
4602:
4598:La Tour
4597:
4589:
4583:
4577:
4571:
4565:
4559:
4553:
4547:
4541:
4535:
4529:
4524:
4516:
4510:
4505:
4497:
4492:
4484:
4478:
4472:
4466:
4461:
4453:
4447:
4441:
4435:
4430:
4422:
4416:
4410:
4404:
4398:
4393:
4385:
4379:
4373:
4368:
4360:
4355:
4347:
4341:
4335:
4330:
4322:
4316:
4310:
4304:
4298:
4292:
4286:
4280:
4274:
4268:
4262:
4256:
4250:
4244:
4239:
4231:
4225:
4219:
4213:
4207:
4201:
4195:
4189:
4183:
4177:
4171:
4165:
4160:
4152:
4147:
4141:Village Fête
4139:
4134:
4126:
4120:
4114:
4108:
4103:
4097:Saying Grace
4095:
4089:
4083:
4077:
4071:
4065:
4060:
4052:
4046:
4040:
4035:
4027:
4022:
4014:
4008:
4003:
3886:Rampin Rider
3694:Bull Palette
3636:
3631:
3614:Ziwiye hoard
3584:Tayma stones
3544:Osorkon Bust
3499:Lion of Mari
3234:
3206:
3200:
3189:
3180:
3142:
3138:
3132:
3121:
3099:
3095:
3090:
3081:
3077:
3071:
3051:
3045:
3026:
3010:
3005:
2992:
2980:. Retrieved
2976:
2967:
2958:
2954:
2948:
2933:
2930:E. G. Dreyer
2925:
2916:
2906:
2897:
2887:
2877:
2870:
2837:
2833:
2815:
2805:
2785:
2755:
2748:
2728:
2721:
2688:
2684:
2678:
2645:
2641:
2634:
2614:
2577:
2556:
2546:
2526:
2505:
2479:
2472:
2452:
2421:
2391:
2384:
2375:
2365:
2345:
2338:
2329:
2319:
2299:
2292:
2271:
2237:
2230:
2222:
2217:
2208:
2199:
2193:
2184:
2180:
2170:
2145:
2137:
2096:
2092:
2082:
2041:
2037:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1936:
1931:
1922:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1892:, retrieved
1888:the original
1882:
1876:
1851:
1847:
1841:
1831:
1823:
1818:
1810:
1805:
1796:
1787:
1767:
1737:
1730:
1721:
1701:
1694:
1674:
1668:
1659:
1624:
1560:
1518:
1503:
1481:
1467:
1437:ritual knife
1436:
1420:
1350:ritual knife
1349:
1320:ritual knife
1319:
1298:
1164:Bull Palette
1157:
1066:
1044:
870:
859:
852:
833:
817:Mesopotamian
770:
739:Knife handle
656:
653:
638:
548:hippopotamus
534:
482:
471:
396:
360:
346:Umm el-Qa'ab
327:
319:
307:
298:
206:
194:
184:
173:
126:
122:
120:
29:
6311:Uruk period
6074:Saint Louis
5638:The Beggars
5542:Pardo Venus
5271:Dead Christ
5196:Crucifixion
5033:Ghirlandaio
4312:The Picador
3731:Albani lion
3514:Mesha Stele
3393:Antiquities
3370:Cour Carrée
3345:Lescot Wing
3274:(in French)
3118:John Baines
3000:of the MET.
1486:and at the
1453:hartebeests
1429:Upper Egypt
1402:1st dynasty
1089: 3500
1054: 3500
1001:Uruk period
939:Art of Uruk
556:pulp cavity
375:New Kingdom
371:Paleolithic
352:Description
310:Nag Hammadi
270:Uruk period
176:philologist
76:Naqada II d
6255:Categories
5499:Tintoretto
5480:Signorelli
5265:Palmezzano
5045:Visitation
4913:Caravaggio
4888:Botticelli
4850:Arcimboldo
4104:Chassériau
4085:The Buffet
3831:Dying Gaul
3216:0860546012
3084:: 187–217.
3061:0872730999
3019:0500279020
2900:: 169–170.
2508:: 189-244.
2378:: 165–175.
2332:: 166–167.
2099:(4): 251.
1988:(4): 245.
1945:0872730999
1916:: 185–225.
1578:References
1091:–3200 BCE)
848:Naqada III
801:David Rohl
765:(26.241.1)
717:See also:
648:microburin
373:up to the
304:Provenance
133:period of
92:Bought by
89:Discovered
6170:Bonington
5850:Rembrandt
5728:Friedrich
5360:Pisanello
5214:Parnassus
5115:Mona Lisa
4983:Correggio
4938:Carpaccio
4394:Géricault
4369:Fragonard
4331:Delaroche
4240:Delacroix
4004:Anonymous
3984:Paintings
3950:Byzantine
3404:Near East
3159:162209013
2961:: 425–46.
2854:0307-5133
2705:0307-5133
2662:0004-3079
2610:Shaw, Ian
2129:162209013
2113:0022-2968
2074:162209013
2058:0022-2968
2018:162209013
2002:0022-2968
1283:Naqada II
1259:Naqada II
1041:Parallels
1029:Nile boat
825:Late Uruk
572:gold leaf
405:serration
131:Naqada II
6240:Category
6199:American
6138:Zurbarán
6056:El Greco
5979:Scheffer
5954:Ruisdael
5798:Jordaens
5645:Christus
5610:Northern
5593:Veronese
5454:Salviati
5304:Perugino
5190:Mantegna
5097:Leonardo
5052:Giordano
4951:Carracci
4723:Scheffer
4387:The Bolt
4372::
4356:Flandrin
3723:Etruscan
3330:Building
3102:, 1904,
3034:Archived
2996:See the
2840:: 5–18.
2612:(2019).
2221:Grimal,
2187:: 63–83.
1566:See also
1281:- Early
1279:Naqada I
1257:- Early
1255:Naqada I
998:Sumerian
850:period.
829:Naqada I
541:elephant
198:Chaldean
170:Purchase
149:for the
56:Material
6210::
6186::
6173::
6161:English
6141::
6128::
6109::
6106:Murillo
6084::
6059::
6047:Spanish
6033::
6030:Wtewael
6014::
5995::
5992:Vermeer
5982::
5957::
5908::
5853::
5840::
5827::
5824:Memling
5814::
5801::
5788::
5769::
5766:Holbein
5744::
5731::
5718::
5693::
5680::
5661::
5648::
5635::
5632:Bruegel
5622::
5596::
5583::
5580:Uccello
5570::
5515::
5502::
5483::
5470::
5467:Savoldo
5457::
5443::
5376::
5373:Raphael
5363::
5350::
5307::
5294::
5281::
5268::
5249::
5246:Moretto
5236::
5233:Martini
5193::
5168::
5143::
5103:Bacchus
5100::
5087::
5074::
5055::
5036::
5017::
4986::
4973::
4970:Cimabue
4963:Hunting
4957:Fishing
4954::
4941::
4916::
4891::
4866::
4863:Bellini
4853::
4840::
4827::
4815:Italian
4798:Pierrot
4771::
4768:Watteau
4752::
4739::
4726::
4707::
4694::
4691:Quarton
4651::
4648:Poussin
4638::
4601::
4528::
4509::
4496::
4465::
4434::
4397::
4359::
4334::
4243::
4164::
4151::
4138::
4107::
4091:The Ray
4064::
4061:Chardin
4039::
4036:Boucher
4026::
4007::
3524:Narundi
2982:9 March
2862:3855778
2713:3855778
2670:3045984
2225:, p. 36
2223:op.cit.
1894:9 March
1856:Bibcode
1472:griffin
1441:jackals
1390:bustard
1382:giraffe
1352:of the
781:Morning
713:Reliefs
564:beveled
187:of the
181:archaic
125:, also
115:E 11517
72:Created
6296:Knives
6207:Leutze
6125:Ribera
5905:Rubens
5811:Matsys
5512:Titian
5440:Romano
5278:Panini
5084:Guardi
5071:Giotto
4976:Maestà
4736:Vernet
4704:Robert
4525:Ingres
4493:Guérin
4431:Greuze
4135:Claude
4023:Boilly
3995:French
3714:Greece
3281:Louvre
3241:
3213:
3157:
3058:
3017:
2940:
2860:
2852:
2793:
2763:
2736:
2711:
2703:
2691:: 17.
2668:
2660:
2622:
2585:
2559:: 166.
2534:
2460:
2429:
2399:
2353:
2307:
2280:
2245:
2158:
2127:
2121:544868
2119:
2111:
2072:
2066:544868
2064:
2056:
2016:
2010:544868
2008:
2000:
1967:
1943:
1775:
1745:
1709:
1681:
1631:
1461:Abydos
1392:and a
1378:bovids
1374:oryxes
1366:storks
1227:Qustul
840:Abydos
539:of an
531:Handle
392:blade.
322:Abydos
314:Abydos
254:Abydos
189:Louvre
159:Abydos
151:Louvre
6183:Lewis
5837:Metsu
5677:Dürer
5658:David
5619:Bosch
5165:Lotto
5140:Lippi
5014:Costa
4749:Vouet
4161:David
4148:Corot
3155:S2CID
2858:JSTOR
2709:JSTOR
2666:JSTOR
2125:S2CID
2117:JSTOR
2070:S2CID
2062:JSTOR
2014:S2CID
2006:JSTOR
1824:AE 16
1443:, an
1425:Sohag
1386:heron
1370:lions
789:Venus
645:silex
568:crimp
537:ivory
403:Fine
367:chert
363:flint
357:Blade
262:Egypt
258:Egypt
202:Gudea
143:Cairo
139:knife
78:from
6081:Goya
5741:Hals
5567:Tura
4506:Huet
4462:Gros
3718:Rome
3716:and
3239:ISBN
3211:ISBN
3056:ISBN
3015:ISBN
2984:2018
2938:ISBN
2850:ISSN
2791:ISBN
2761:ISBN
2734:ISBN
2701:ISSN
2658:ISSN
2620:ISBN
2583:ISBN
2532:ISBN
2458:ISBN
2427:ISBN
2397:ISBN
2351:ISBN
2305:ISBN
2278:ISBN
2273:2002
2243:ISBN
2156:ISBN
2109:ISSN
2054:ISSN
1998:ISSN
1965:ISBN
1941:ISBN
1896:2018
1773:ISBN
1743:ISBN
1707:ISBN
1679:ISBN
1629:ISBN
1502:The
1466:The
1449:deer
1447:, a
1445:ibis
1419:The
1408:and
1388:, a
1384:, a
1376:and
1362:Edfu
1348:The
1318:The
941:and
842:and
783:and
641:knob
560:tang
544:tusk
340:and
286:Uruk
121:The
64:Size
3147:doi
3098:in
2842:doi
2693:doi
2650:doi
2101:doi
2046:doi
1990:doi
1959:in
1864:doi
1427:in
1394:dog
855:lug
791:).
145:by
6257::
6147:;
6115:;
6096:;
6090:;
6071:;
6065:;
6020:;
6001:;
5969:;
5963:;
5944:;
5938:;
5932:;
5926:;
5920:;
5914:;
5895:;
5889:;
5883:;
5877:;
5871:;
5865:;
5859:;
5775:;
5756:;
5750:;
5705:;
5699:;
5667:;
5557:;
5545:;
5539:;
5533:;
5527:;
5521:;
5489:;
5430:;
5424:;
5418:;
5412:;
5406:;
5394:;
5388:;
5382:;
5337:;
5325:;
5319:;
5313:;
5255:;
5223:;
5217:;
5211:;
5205:;
5199:;
5180:;
5174:;
5155:;
5149:;
5130:;
5124:;
5118:;
5112:;
5106:;
5061:;
5042:;
5023:;
5004:;
4998:;
4992:;
4960:;
4928:;
4922:;
4903:;
4897:;
4878:;
4872:;
4801:;
4795:;
4789:;
4783:;
4777:;
4758:;
4713:;
4681:;
4675:;
4669:;
4663:;
4657:;
4625:;
4619:;
4613:;
4607:;
4588:;
4582:;
4576:;
4570:;
4564:;
4558:;
4552:;
4546:;
4540:;
4534:;
4515:;
4483:;
4477:;
4471:;
4452:;
4446:;
4440:;
4421:;
4415:;
4409:;
4403:;
4384:;
4378:;
4346:;
4340:;
4321:;
4315:;
4309:;
4303:;
4297:;
4291:;
4285:;
4279:;
4273:;
4267:;
4261:;
4255:;
4249:;
4230:;
4224:;
4218:;
4212:;
4206:;
4200:;
4194:;
4188:;
4182:;
4176:;
4170:;
4125:;
4119:;
4113:;
4094:;
4088:;
4082:;
4076:;
4070:;
4051:;
4045:;
4013:;
3179:.
3167:^
3153:.
3143:46
3141:.
3120::
3110:^
3082:54
3080:.
2975:.
2959:48
2957:.
2915:.
2896:.
2856:.
2848:.
2838:48
2836:.
2824:^
2814:.
2775:^
2707:.
2699:.
2689:48
2687:.
2664:.
2656:.
2646:75
2644:.
2597:^
2565:^
2555:.
2514:^
2504:.
2489:^
2441:^
2411:^
2374:.
2328:.
2257:^
2185:68
2183:.
2179:.
2154:.
2152:41
2123:.
2115:.
2107:.
2097:46
2095:.
2091:.
2068:.
2060:.
2052:.
2042:46
2040:.
2026:^
2012:.
2004:.
1996:.
1986:46
1984:.
1914:14
1912:.
1862:.
1852:11
1850:.
1795:.
1757:^
1658:.
1643:^
1585:^
1521:,
1490:.
1451:,
1372:,
1368:,
1086:c.
1051:c.
799:.
797:El
336:,
332:,
324:.
256:,
161:.
80:c.
3720:,
3310:e
3303:t
3296:v
3283:.
3247:.
3219:.
3183:.
3161:.
3149::
3066:.
3064:.
3021:.
2986:.
2919:.
2864:.
2844::
2818:.
2799:.
2769:.
2742:.
2715:.
2695::
2672:.
2652::
2628:.
2591:.
2540:.
2466:.
2435:.
2405:.
2359:.
2313:.
2286:.
2251:.
2202:.
2164:.
2131:.
2103::
2076:.
2048::
2020:.
1992::
1870:.
1866::
1858::
1799:.
1781:.
1751:.
1715:.
1689:.
1687:.
1662:.
1637:.
1540:.
1463:.
1416:.
1326:.
1289:.
1265:.
1214:.
1198:.
1182:.
1049:(
945:.
807:(
397:S
388:.
292:.
272:.
236:.
212:.
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
