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25:
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Gierek was able to stress economic reforms during the first half of his tenure of office. According to R. J. Crampton: "The stated objective of the reforms was to increase living standards; a less publicly attested motivation was the knowledge that, with prices fixed and with demand increasing, goods
435:
with the government. This allowed citizens to bring democratic changes within the communist political structure. The main concern of the workers was the establishment of a trade union independent of communist party control and the legal right to strike. In creating these new groups, there would be a
472:
A return of former rights to: 1) People dismissed from work after the 1970 and 1976 strikes, and 2) Students expelled from school because of their views. The release of all political prisoners, among them Edward
Zadrozynski, Jan Kozlowski, and Marek Kozlowski. A halt in repression of the individual
451:
system that exists in Poland today." Other major concerns were to control commercial prices, the use of foreign money in all internal economic dealings, ensuring the proper supply of resources within the nation and only exporting the excess. This would ensure that there would be a better chance for
641:
strike, was unlike anything in the history of Poland. Even though it was mainly a labor movement representing workers led by chairman Wałęsa, it attracted an assorted membership of different citizens which quickly rose to unpararelled proportion of a quarter of the country's population: 10 million
387:
As the economic crisis became unbearable, the
Communist government authorized an increase in food prices for the summer of 1980. Once again a revival of labor disturbances erupted throughout the nation. Workers of the Lenin Shipyard in Gdańsk ultimately went on strike in mid-August, sparked by the
479:
The undertaking of actions aimed at bringing the country out of its crisis situation by the following means: a) making public complete information about the social-economic situation, and b) enabling all sectors and social classes to take part in discussion of the reform
461:
Acceptance of free trade unions independent of the
Communist Party and of enterprises, in accordance with convention No. 87 of the International Labor Organization concerning the right to form free trade unions, which was ratified by the Communist Government of
366:
In the years prior to the Gdańsk strikes in 1980 the reforms of Gierek did succeed as planned, but the economy of Poland became progressively more unstable. This was due to Poland's reliance on western markets and loans that the nation could not repay.
498:
The selection of management personnel on the basis of qualifications, not party membership. Privileges of the secret police, regular police and party apparatus are to be eliminated by equalizing family subsidies, abolishing special stores,
415:. On the third day of the strike, 16 August 1980, management granted Lenin Shipyard workers their working and pay demands. Wałęsa and others announced the end of the strike, however the women of the shipyard, Anna Walentynowicz and
195:
In the aftermath of the strike, Solidarity emerged as an independent trade union and rapidly grew, ultimately claiming over 10 million members nationwide and establishing itself as a major force in Polish politics. First
Secretary
175:
In summer 1980, faced with a major economic crisis, the Polish government authorized a rise in food prices, which immediately led to a wave of strikes and factory occupations across the country. On 14 August workers at the
370:
Fueled by large infusions of
Western credit, Poland's economic growth rate was one of the world's highest during the first half of the 1970s, but much of the borrowed capital was misspent and the centrally
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Compliance with the constitutional guarantee of freedom of speech, the press and publication, including freedom for independent publishers, and the availability of the mass media to representatives of all
875:
1048:
835:
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A day of rest on
Saturday. Workers in the brigade system or round-the-clock jobs are to be compensated for the loss of free Saturdays with an increased leave or other paid time off.
314:
The labor strikes did not occur because of problems that emerged shortly before the unrest, but due to political and economic difficulties the previous ten years. Under the rule of
192:
to the government. Thanks to popular support within the country, the workers held out until the government gave in to their demands, and an agreement was formalized on 31 August.
169:
1646:
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1409:
351:, who appeared to be more open to workers' needs and have strong political ties to the working class, soon replaced Gomułka. This was the first occasion in Europe since
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people nationwide. Due to its enormous size and newly found power, the union assumed the role of a national reform lobby able to change politics in Poland forever.
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Reduction in the age for retirement for women to 50 and for men to 55, or after 30 years' employment in Poland for women and 35 years for men, regardless of age.
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Compensation of all workers taking part in the strike for the period of the strike, with vacation pay from the
Central Council of Trade Unions.
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Due to the popular support of the citizens and other striking groups, the Gdańsk workers held out until the government gave in to their
337:. In this disturbance 75 people were killed after Gomułka ordered that the revolt be put down with force. As R. J. Crampton wrote: "The
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Availability to the mass media of information about the formation of the Inter-factory Strike
Committee and publication of its demands.
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The introduction of food coupons for meat and meat products (during the period in which control of the market situation is regained).
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89:
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transformed a strike over bread and butter issues into a solidarity strike in sympathy with other striking establishments.
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439:"These new unions are intended to defend the social and material interests of the workers, and not to play the role of a
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649:. The regime answered with police force; according to Solidarity, at least seven people were killed throughout Poland.
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Assurances of a reasonable number of places in day-care centers and kindergartens for the children of working mothers.
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is opened for the creation of civil societies. This allows citizens to come together where all people can agree on
2015:
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735:
Szporer, Michael (2011). "Anna
Walentynowicz and the Legacy of Solidarity in Poland". Journal of Cold War Studies.
250:
57:
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An increase in the base pay of each worker by 2,000 złoty a month as compensation for the recent raise in prices.
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did not agree and intervened to urge the need for a political solution. For the nationalist communist Gomułka,
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in Gdańsk began a strike against party headquarters within the city insisting on the formation of independent
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Guaranteed automatic increases in pay on the basis of increases in prices and the decline in real income.
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within the state's leadership. In recognizing individual rights, such as the freedom of expression, the
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An increase in the commuter's allowance to 100 złoty from 40, with a supplemental benefit on separation.
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Improvements in the working conditions of the health service to insure full medical care for workers.
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275:
82:
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Bureau of
European and Eurasian Affairs. U.S. State Department. Last accessed on 15 November 2010
601:
The Gdańsk Agreement is very important to the politics of Poland because the strikes exposed the
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35:
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1980:
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burden became insupportable in the late 1970s and economic growth had become negative by 1979.
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in the late 1960s, Poland's economy was in disarray. To counter this, the government increased
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686:
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and the ensuing Gdańsk Agreement led to the removal of Edward Gierek and the installation of
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1421:
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The abolition of 'commercial' prices and of other sales for hard currency in special shops.
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A full supply of food products for the domestic market, with exports limited to surpluses.
8:
2316:
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A guarantee of the right to strike and of the security of strikers and those aiding them.
431:. The successful strikers formed the Gdańsk Agreement on 31 August 1980, as an authentic
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Conformity of old-age pensions and annuities with what has actually been paid in.
440:
432:
399:, the workers took control of the shipyard and demanded labor reform and greater
372:
134:
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2020:
1995:
1943:
1892:
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1603:
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153:, Poland. The accord, signed in late August 1980 by government representative
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1975:
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a massive wave of anti-government demonstrations took place across Poland
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1887:
1773:
776:
At the Lenin Shipyard: Poland and the rise of the Solidarity Trade Union
2183:
2005:
1477:
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242: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2010:
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1967:
1931:
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1855:
1828:
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1909:
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1948:
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was unable to use the new resources effectively. The growing
645:
On the second anniversary of the agreement, 31 August 1982,
376:
355:
that labor strikes were able to remove a ruler from power.
617:
regardless of party beliefs. The problems caused by the
326:
1970 which irritated the entire populace of the nation.
752:. Polish National Commission for UNESCO. Archived from
452:
prosperity within the nation for all working citizens.
141:) was an accord reached between the government of the
1215:
1987 Polish political and economic reforms referendum
345:
dictation of internal Polish policies was too much."
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2252:
2383:
886:Provisional Government of the Republic of Poland
520:A decrease in the waiting period for apartments.
359:had to be put into circulation to avoid rampant
2076:Monument to the Fallen Shipyard Workers of 1970
1251:
829:
180:in Gdańsk went on strike after the firing of
808:Solidarity: The Great Workers Strike of 1980
436:clear representation of the workers' needs.
1427:Defence of the Polish Post Office in Danzig
569:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
443:, they will be established on the basis of
16:1980 Polish government accord with strikers
1258:
1244:
836:
822:
803:. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996
589:Learn how and when to remove this message
302:Learn how and when to remove this message
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
996:Stalinist show trial of the Kraków Curia
896:Provisional Government of National Unity
891:Polish Committee of National Liberation
871:Polish population transfers (1944–1946)
683:Eastern Europe in the twentieth century
667:Eastern Europe in the twentieth century
200:was removed from power and replaced by
2384:
1927:Żabianka-Wejhera-Jelitkowo-Tysiąclecia
1185:Military Council of National Salvation
447:of the means of production and of the
168:and was an important milestone in the
1239:
817:
746:"The Twenty-One Demands, Gdańsk 1980"
517:Paid maternity leave for three years.
329:On 14 December 1970 workers from the
188:, headed by Wałęsa, issued a list of
2137:Third Millennium John Paul II Bridge
567:adding citations to reliable sources
534:
240:adding citations to reliable sources
211:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1265:
685:. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 1994.
669:. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 1994.
13:
2219:Łaźnia Centre for Contemporary Art
793:
382:
14:
2428:
1151:1981 Polish hunger demonstrations
1131:Independent Students' Association
1049:Bishops' Letter of Reconciliation
986:Mokotów Prison executions of 1951
186:Inter-Enterprise Strike Committee
2366:
2365:
1358:Free City of Danzig (Napoleonic)
1039:1957 Polish legislative election
921:1947 Polish legislative election
716:The International Herald Tribune
539:
216:
23:
2402:Solidarity (Polish trade union)
2343:Gdańsk University of Technology
1126:Solidarity (Polish trade union)
916:1946 Polish people's referendum
473:because of personal conviction.
227:needs additional citations for
170:end of Communist rule in Poland
34:needs additional citations for
2338:Academy of Fine Arts in Gdańsk
2224:Museum of the Second World War
1044:Millennium of the Polish State
768:
738:
729:
704:
692:
675:
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633:(Solidarity), the independent
1:
2174:Baltic Days of Jewish Culture
1368:Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia
1353:History of the Jews in Gdańsk
1146:1981 warning strike in Poland
722:website; January 18, 2011 in
652:
207:
161:, led to the creation of the
2407:August 1980 events in Europe
2348:Medical University of Gdańsk
2209:Gdańsk Sports Center Stadium
1794:Orunia Górna-Gdańsk Południe
1225:Polish Round Table Agreement
1205:Federation of Fighting Youth
1054:1968 Polish political crisis
966:Polish United Workers' Party
422:
7:
981:Socialist realism in Poland
801:From Stalinism to Pluralism
718:opinion, January 17, 2011 (
10:
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2331:Universities and academies
2239:Polish Baltic Philharmonic
2204:Gdańsk Shakespeare Theatre
2194:European Solidarity Centre
2071:John III Sobieski Monument
1627:Franciszek Kotus-Jankowski
1166:autocratic rule and demise
1101:Workers' Defence Committee
926:Small Constitution of 1947
2361:
2330:
2166:
2094:
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1966:
1959:
1799:Orunia-Św. Wojciech-Lipce
1759:Krakowiec-Górki Zachodnie
1719:
1617:
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1488:Academic Gymnasium Danzig
1455:
1432:East Pomeranian offensive
1283:
1274:
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1072:
1025:
949:
855:
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2229:National Maritime Museum
1121:Jastrzębie-Zdrój strikes
849:Polish People's Republic
778:, New Star Books, 1981,
726:). Retrieved 2011-01-18.
143:Polish People's Republic
1493:Danzig Research Society
1437:Polish protests of 1970
1064:Polish protests of 1970
1011:Poznań protests of 1956
810:. Lexington Books, 2012
699:Background Note: Poland
139:Porozumienia sierpniowe
127:Gdańsk Social Accord(s)
2282:Tajemnica Westerplatte
2086:St. Catherine's Church
1417:Battle of Westerplatte
637:that emerged from the
138:
1707:Aleksandra Dulkiewicz
1348:Sevenfold Sun miracle
1190:Pacification of Wujek
1173:Martial law in Poland
1079:international opening
1059:Kniefall von Warschau
1001:Trial of the Generals
866:Recovered Territories
687:Google Print, pg. 360
671:Google Print, pg. 359
411:, and the release of
405:freedom of expression
2353:University of Gdańsk
2154:Wisłoujście Fortress
1584:Clemens von Delbrück
1569:Adrian von der Linde
1422:Battle of Danzig Bay
901:Trial of the Sixteen
876:Expulsion of Germans
563:improve this section
236:improve this article
155:Mieczysław Jagielski
149:shipyard workers in
43:improve this article
2317:Walesa: Man of Hope
2199:Gdańsk City Stadium
1922:Wzgórze Mickiewicza
1883:Ujeścisko-Łostowice
1677:Kazimierz Rynkowski
1393:government in exile
1373:Free City of Danzig
1220:1988 Polish strikes
1200:Fighting Solidarity
1195:1982 demonstrations
1111:1980 Lublin strikes
1032:autarchic communism
625:in September 1980.
413:political prisoners
395:Led by electrician
131:August Agreement(s)
2253:In popular culture
2244:St. Dominic's Fair
2179:Baltic State Opera
2167:Culture and events
2132:Ronald Reagan Park
2016:Neptune's Fountain
1917:Wyspa Sobieszewska
1599:Hermann Rauschning
1503:SS Heimwehr Danzig
1405:Polish Post Office
1210:Orange Alternative
1096:June 1976 protests
390:Anna Walentynowicz
251:"Gdańsk Agreement"
182:Anna Walentynowicz
157:and strike leader
58:"Gdańsk Agreement"
2397:History of Gdańsk
2379:
2378:
2326:
2325:
2162:
2161:
2031:St. Mary's Church
1824:Przymorze Wielkie
1715:
1714:
1692:Franciszek Jamroż
1667:Andrzej Kaznowski
1652:Stanisław Schmidt
1642:Stanisław Schmidt
1579:Gottlieb Hufeland
1541:
1540:
1483:Marienbrunn Abbey
1442:21 demands of MKS
1276:History of Gdańsk
1233:
1232:
1106:Flying University
1086:1971 Łódź strikes
991:1952 Constitution
881:Operation Vistula
806:Szporer, Michael
712:"The Arab Gdansk"
599:
598:
591:
316:Władysław Gomułka
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2417:Events in Gdańsk
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2310:Zero Dark Thirty
2289:Live from Gdańsk
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2081:Preachers' House
1964:
1963:
1687:Jacek Starościak
1672:Jerzy Młynarczyk
1632:Bolesław Nowicki
1619:Mayors of Gdańsk
1556:Mayors of Danzig
1552:
1551:
1447:Gdańsk Agreement
1363:Region of Danzig
1338:Danzig rebellion
1293:Hanseatic League
1281:
1280:
1260:
1253:
1246:
1237:
1236:
1141:Bydgoszcz events
1136:Rural Solidarity
1116:Gdańsk Agreement
976:Collectivization
936:Battle for trade
911:Augustów roundup
838:
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814:
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756:on 23 March 2012
750:Memory of Poland
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681:Crampton, R. J.
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417:Alina Pienkowska
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2234:National Museum
2158:
2107:Oliwa Cathedral
2090:
2057:
2053:Uphagen's House
2001:Great Synagogue
1955:
1711:
1702:Paweł Adamowicz
1697:Tomasz Posadzki
1647:Julian Cybulski
1613:
1537:
1513:Gdańsk Shipyard
1498:Polish Corridor
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1343:Battle of Oliwa
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941:Three-Year Plan
931:Amnesty of 1947
906:Cursed soldiers
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1756:
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1731:
1725:
1723:
1717:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1710:
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1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1682:Jerzy Pasiński
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1637:Piotr Stolarek
1634:
1629:
1623:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1609:Albert Forster
1606:
1604:Arthur Greiser
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1574:Daniel Gralath
1571:
1566:
1564:Conrad Letzkau
1560:
1558:
1549:
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1525:
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1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1413:
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1410:Postal history
1402:
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1169:
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1023:
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1019:
1016:Polish October
1013:
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993:
988:
983:
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868:
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860:
858:Early post-war
853:
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826:
818:
812:
811:
804:
799:Stokes, Gale.
795:
792:
789:
788:
767:
737:
728:
724:Herald Tribune
710:Cohen, Roger,
703:
691:
674:
657:
656:
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651:
639:Lenin Shipyard
597:
596:
547:
545:
538:
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529:
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403:including the
384:
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331:Lenin shipyard
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178:Lenin Shipyard
117:
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31:
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2127:Przekop Wisły
2125:
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2112:Ostrów Island
2110:
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2024:
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2019:
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1945:
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1939:Zaspa-Młyniec
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1929:
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1856:Główne Miasto
1854:
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1837:
1834:
1830:
1827:
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1815:
1812:
1810:
1809:Piecki-Migowo
1807:
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1665:
1663:
1662:Jan Nikołajew
1660:
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1589:Heinrich Sahm
1587:
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1499:
1496:
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1484:
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1479:
1476:
1474:
1473:Danzig gulden
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
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1448:
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1304:
1302:
1299:
1298:
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1279:
1277:
1273:
1268:
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1256:
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1241:
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1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
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1211:
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1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1179:
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1174:
1171:
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1168:
1163:
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1152:
1149:
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1132:
1129:
1127:
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1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
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1036:
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1029:
1024:
1017:
1014:
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1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
971:Six-Year Plan
969:
967:
964:
963:
961:
958:
953:
952:Sovietization
948:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
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927:
924:
922:
919:
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914:
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846:
839:
834:
832:
827:
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820:
819:
816:
809:
805:
802:
798:
797:
785:
784:0-919888-46-1
781:
777:
774:Stan Persky,
771:
755:
751:
747:
741:
732:
725:
721:
717:
713:
707:
700:
695:
688:
684:
678:
672:
668:
662:
658:
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631:
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624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
593:
590:
582:
572:
568:
564:
558:
557:
553:
548:This section
546:
542:
537:
536:
525:
522:
519:
516:
513:
510:
507:
504:
501:
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
482:
478:
475:
471:
467:
464:
460:
459:
453:
450:
446:
445:socialization
442:
437:
434:
430:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
393:
391:
380:
378:
374:
368:
364:
362:
356:
354:
350:
349:Edward Gierek
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
327:
325:
321:
317:
306:
303:
295:
284:
281:
277:
274:
270:
267:
263:
260:
256:
253: –
252:
248:
247:Find sources:
241:
237:
231:
230:
225:This section
223:
219:
214:
213:
205:
203:
199:
198:Edward Gierek
193:
191:
187:
183:
179:
173:
171:
167:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2315:
2308:
2301:
2294:
2287:
2280:
2268:The Tin Drum
2266:
2259:
2189:Forum Gdańsk
2142:Westerplatte
2021:Nowa Motława
1861:Stare Miasto
1657:Tadeusz Bejm
1508:Danzig Cross
1463:Coat of arms
1446:
1115:
1091:Letter of 59
807:
800:
775:
770:
758:. Retrieved
754:the original
749:
740:
731:
723:
719:
715:
706:
694:
682:
677:
666:
661:
644:
628:
627:
615:human rights
600:
585:
576:
561:Please help
549:
438:
426:
401:civil rights
394:
386:
369:
365:
357:
353:World War II
347:
335:trade unions
328:
322:just before
313:
298:
289:
279:
272:
265:
258:
246:
234:Please help
229:verification
226:
194:
174:
130:
126:
122:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2214:Hala Olivia
2117:Port Island
2048:Ulica Długa
2036:Archdiocese
1991:Golden Gate
1976:Artus Court
1898:Nowe Szkoty
1846:Śródmieście
1594:Ernst Ziehm
1523:Lech Wałęsa
635:trade union
630:Solidarność
579:August 2015
397:Lech Wałęsa
320:food prices
292:August 2022
163:trade union
159:Lech Wałęsa
99:August 2022
2386:Categories
2184:Ergo Arena
2095:Metro area
2006:Green Gate
1986:Długi Targ
1981:City walls
1528:Solidarity
1478:Goldwasser
1468:Kashubians
1400:Danzig law
1378:Parliament
1162:Jaruzelski
653:References
611:government
607:negligence
603:corruption
480:programme.
388:firing of
262:newspapers
208:Background
190:21 demands
166:Solidarity
69:newspapers
2043:Town Hall
2026:Ołowianka
1968:Main City
1960:Landmarks
1932:Jelitkowo
1878:Suchanino
1829:Przymorze
1814:Przeróbka
1779:Nowy Port
1721:Districts
1518:SS Sołdek
1311:1655–1660
760:30 August
550:does not
449:socialist
423:Agreement
361:inflation
324:Christmas
2371:Category
2147:Monument
2063:Old Town
1910:Wrzeszcz
1888:VII Dwór
1789:Olszynka
1774:Młyniska
1769:Matarnia
1754:Kokoszki
1547:Politics
1285:Timeline
1269:articles
1160:1981–89
1073:1970–81
1026:1956–70
950:1948–56
856:1945–48
409:religion
147:striking
145:and the
2261:The Jew
2011:Motława
1873:Strzyża
1841:Siedlce
1836:Rudniki
1764:Letnica
1739:Brzeźno
1734:Brętowo
1729:Aniołki
1533:Tricity
1456:Related
1297:Sieges
1028:Gomułka
959:'s rule
847:of the
845:History
786:, p.130
720:NYTimes
571:removed
556:sources
469:faiths.
462:Poland.
429:demands
339:Kremlin
276:scholar
83:scholar
2303:Strike
1749:Jasień
1388:anthem
1383:Senate
1267:Gdańsk
1075:Gierek
1018:(1956)
957:Bierut
955:under
782:
531:Impact
456:Points
343:Soviet
278:
271:
264:
257:
249:
184:. The
151:Gdańsk
135:Polish
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1949:Zaspa
1868:Stogi
1804:Osowa
1784:Oliwa
1744:Chełm
283:JSTOR
269:books
90:JSTOR
76:books
2274:film
1331:1945
1326:1813
1321:1807
1316:1734
1306:1577
1301:1308
780:ISBN
762:2012
605:and
554:any
552:cite
499:etc.
407:and
377:debt
255:news
125:(or
121:The
62:news
1077:'s
565:by
363:."
238:by
129:or
45:by
2388::
1164:'s
1030:'s
748:.
714:,
392:.
204:.
172:.
137::
133:,
1259:e
1252:t
1245:v
837:e
830:t
823:v
764:.
689:.
592:)
586:(
581:)
577:(
573:.
559:.
305:)
299:(
294:)
290:(
280:·
273:·
266:·
259:·
232:.
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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