1109:
175:
Similarly too the Balija community, with two sub-divisions, Gajalu Balija and Gavara Balija, migrated originally from Tamil Nadu. The Balija
Gavarai are popularly known as Naidus and the other as Chetties Valai Chatties, Chettiars. It is said that they originally spoke Telugu. They are mainly traders
989:
The Kavara also known as Gavara are distributed mainly in
Ernakulam, Palakkad and Thrissur districts. The community perceives its distribution at medium range and its identification is at the regional level. Iyer (1981) writes that Kavara is a Tulu caste, found in the Chittur taluk of the Cochin
214:
Balijas: Their main profession was and commerce. They added "Settis" to their names, which showed their supremacy over other castes in trade. The subsects of the
Balijas indicate the professions pursued by them. some prominent subdivision were Gajula Balija, Gandhamvallu, Kavarai,
1018:
Kavaras and
Gavaras have been again listed as separate Scheduled Castes lifting the area restrictions within Kerala. As already mentioned that the Kavara / Gavaras subsist on basket making. They speak some kind of Tulu - Malayalam
665:
The Vysyas (Komati) are the most important traditional Telugu trading caste comprising 3 per cent of the State population. They are broadly divided into two endogamous sub-castes, viz., Gavara
Komatis and Kalinga
990:
State, who speak mutilated form of Tulu and make wicker work of all kinds. The Kavara still speak a mutilated form of Tulu language, called Kavara dialect with family members. With others they speak
Malayalam.
604:
1004:
The Kavara, also known as Gavara, is a Tulu caste, found in the
Chittur taluk of the Cochin State, who speak mutilated form of Tulu and make wicker work of all kinds. They belong to the Scheduled Castes.
433:
In recent years, migrant communities, like the Gajula
Balijas—called Gavarai in the Tamil country—have joined the agricultural workforce, giving up their traditional profession as bangle sellers
734:
The main part of the Komati caste community in
Masulipatnam were Gavara Komatis, one of the two main Komati groups on the Coromandel coast. The Gavara Komatis did not eat fish or meat.
855:
There are three main groups among the KĹŤmatis which constitute practically different castes, without either commensality or inter marriage, namely, Gavara, Tuppada and Trai - Varnika.
366:
The
Private Diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai, Dubash to Joseph François Dupleix, Governor of Pondicherry: A Record of Matters, Political, Historical, Social, and Personal, from 1736-1761
946:
409:
The largest trading community of the Telugu country is the Balija, which is widely spread over the Tamil districts also, and there called Vadugan, or Northerners, or Kavarai
522:
The Balija Naidus, the chief Telugu trading caste were found scattered throughout the Presidency of Madras. In the Tamil districts they were known as Vadugan and Kavarais
247:
A section of the Naidu migrants in Tamilnadu call themselves Kavarais. They are included in the list of backward classes. They have marital relationship with the Balijas.
1057:
Kavara is one of those castes belonging to the sixty - eight Scheduled Castes of Kerala. They subsist on basket - making and are mainly found in the district of Palhgat.
751:
The two major sects among Komati caste are Gavara Komati and Kalinga Komati. The Gavara Komatis are strict vegetarians while the Kalinga Komatis are non-vegetarians.
868:
There are several sects amongst the Komatis - such as Yajna Komati, Gavara Komati, Kalinga Komati, Arava Komati, Neti Komati, Vidura Komati, Raipak Komati etc.
746:
457:
The Gajula Balija, called 'Gavarai' in Tamil, are popularly known as Naidu or Balija Naidu. Its members have such titles as Naidu, Chetty and Naicker.
395:
The name 'Gavarai' may be a misspelling of 'Kavarai', which is now the Tamil name for Balijas (a Telegu trading caste) settled in the Tamil country
190:
Balija, a Telugu speaking migrant caste to Kerala, is segmented into two sub-castes, viz., Gavara Naidu and Gajaiu Balija (Vala Chetti).
1146:
1165:
896:
806:
727:
563:
501:
323:
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130:
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1085:
768:
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539:
450:
426:
388:
240:
207:
168:
713:
306:
The Kavarais were Tamilized Balija Chettis of Telugu origin, returned in the census as 'Wadugas' or 'Northerners'.
813:
The Gavara and Kalinga are the two main sections of the Komati. The Gavara Komati live far north of Vizianagaram.
789:
The Gavaras, the Gavara Komatlu as they are called formed another community which claimed the status of Vaisyas.
1139:
484:
Kavarai is the Tamil name for the great Telugu trading caste, Balija, who are spread throughout the Presidency
66:
are distinct from both Gavara Komatis and the Gavara caste of former Visakhapatnam district, Andhra Pradesh.
371:
The Kavarais, known also as Balijas, are the trading caste of the Telugus, and belong to the right hand.
827:
Gavara is an important subdivision of Komatis and these Gavaras are probably in reality Gavara Komati.
603:
Vijaya, M.; Kanthimathi, S.; Srikumari, C. R.; Reddy, P. Govinda; Majumder, P. P.; Ramesh, A. (2007).
1132:
886:
740:
1016:. Ministry of Human Resource Development, Department of Culture, Government of India. p. 118.
289:
291:
Constructing the Colonial Encounter: Right and Left Hand Castes in Early Colonial South India
265:
267:
The Trading World of the Tamil Merchant: Evolution of Merchant Capitalism in the Coromandel
8:
882:
760:
State Formation, Agrarian Growth, and Social Change in Feudal South India, C. AD 600-1200
89:
1033:
Kavara A Tulu - speaking caste found in northern and central Kerala. They do wicker work
1055:. Vol. 28. Institute of Social Research and Applied Anthropology. p. 58, 59.
627:
261:
114:
775:
Gavara Komatis, who are a prominent section of the Telugu speaking merchant community.
546:
The Kavarai and the Balija are equivalent and occupied low positions (Baines 1912, 97)
508:
Kavarai is the name for Balijas (Telugu Trading Caste), who have settled in Tamil Nadu
1081:
954:
892:
802:
764:
723:
681:
654:
559:
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497:
446:
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384:
319:
295:
271:
236:
203:
164:
122:
118:
631:
623:
619:
188:. Vol. 28. Institute of Social Research and Applied Anthropology. p. 59.
104:
caste. They are predominantly agriculturists and are also involved in petty trade.
46:
name for Balijas who have settled in Tamil Nadu and is the Tamilised rendition of
1075:
1064:
1050:
1026:
1011:
997:
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364:
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337:
313:
230:
197:
183:
158:
84:
Alternatively, Gavara is also the name of a small caste mostly present in former
55:
1120:
1116:
706:
They are two main sections among the Komatis, namely the Gavara and the Kalinga
97:
70:
43:
1159:
958:
841:
The Komatis are, broadly divided into two sections called Gavara and Kalinga.
590:. Centre of Advanced Study in Linguistics, Annamalai University. p. 214.
110:
93:
85:
78:
784:
Social and Economic Conditions in Eastern Deccan from A.D. 1000 to A.D. 1250
715:
Religion and Public Culture: Encounters and Identities in Modern South India
888:
Rivalry and Tribute: Society and Ritual in a Telugu Village in South India
73:
sub-caste. They are a trading community. Gavara Komatis are distinct from
933:. Vol. 26–28. Andhra Historical Research Society. 1960. p. 75.
701:
Caste, Tribes & Culture of India: Karnataka, Kerala & Tamil Nadu
357:
Kavarai - A Tamil synonym for Balija; probably a corrupt form of Gavara.
605:"A Study on Tamil – Speaking Immigrants of Andhra Pradesh, South India"
311:
35:
866:. Vol. 8. Andhra Historical Research Society. 1934. p. 138.
836:
Caste Mobility in Andhra : A Study of Vaisya Mahasabha, 1907-1930
712:
Yandell, Keith E. Yandell Keith E.; Paul, John J. (19 November 2013).
692:
Komatis are mainly divided into two sections called Gavara and Kalinga
839:. Vol. 59. Proceedings of Indian History Congress. p. 652.
719:
583:
673:
22:
is a term used to refer to four different South Indian communities.
315:
South India: Political Institutions and Political Change. 1880-1940
947:"Kapu, Gavara votes to determine Anakapalli assembly seat's fate"
493:
Social Change Among Balijas: Majority Community of Andhra Pradesh
330:
Kavarai was merely the Tamil equivalent of the Telugu word Balija
96:
districts) and in some parts of the former Godavari districts of
47:
39:
1108:
1009:
479:
Colburn's United Service Magazine and Naval and Military Journal
380:
The Travels of the Abbarrn India and the Near East, 1672 to 1674
846:
602:
134:
126:
101:
74:
63:
59:
31:
27:
987:. Vol. 27. Anthropological Survey of India. p. 596.
579:. V.R. Ramachandra Dikshitar Centenary Committee. p. 321.
51:
1115:
This article about an Indian ethnicity or social group is a
999:
Global Encyclopaedia of the South Indian Dalit's Ethnography
1077:
Applied Anthropology and Challenges of Development in India
438:
160:
Applied Anthropology and Challenges of Development in India
400:
1013:
L.K. Ananthakrishna Iyer: 125th Birth Anniversary Tribute
780:
1062:
697:
369:. Vol. 2. Asian Educational Services. p. 67.
58:-speaking Gavara community of Tamil Nadu is related to
763:. Manohar Publishers & Distributors. p. 161.
344:
In the Tamil Districts, Balijas are known as Kavarais
312:
Christopher John Baker, D. A. Washbrook, ed. (1976).
646:
517:
The Justice Party: A Historical Perspective, 1916-37
489:
466:
List of Inscriptions on Tombs Or Monuments in Madras
26:
Gavara is a trading community and is a sub-caste of
832:
822:
Family and Household Functions: A Demographic Study
756:
584:N. Rajasekharan Nair, A. G. Natarajan, ed. (2007).
531:
Asia's Maritime Bead Trade: 300 B.C. to the Present
462:
362:
1048:
794:
747:Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India
674:C. Dwarakanath Gupta, Sepuri Bhaskar, ed. (1992).
376:
181:
133:in Kerala and Tamil Nadu. They are not related to
995:
930:Journal of the Andhra Historical Research Society
863:Journal of the Andhra Historical Research Society
801:. Anthropological Survey of India. p. 1940.
704:. Vol. 4. Ess Ess Publications. p. 16.
335:
1157:
414:
355:. India Census Commissioner. 1902. p. 161.
1073:
551:
482:. University of California. 1895. p. 286.
199:Medieval Andhra: A Socio-Historical Perspective
156:
1024:
1010:Ajit K. Danda, S. B. Chakrabarti, ed. (1989).
228:
1140:
847:L. Krishna Anantha Krishna Iyer, ed. (1930).
818:
527:
282:Kavarai (the Tamil word for Balija merchants)
195:
572:
513:
980:
711:
576:Studies in South Indian History and Culture
445:. Affiliated East-West Press. p. 211.
1147:
1133:
1069:. Yugantar Education Society. p. 286.
1028:Encyclopedia of World Cultures: South Asia
534:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 36.
490:Kumari, A. Vijaya; Sepuri Bhaskar (1998).
471:Kavarais are the same caste as the Balijas
407:. Vol. 28. K.J. TrĂĽbner. p. 36.
232:Caste and Class in Industrial Organisation
30:. They have marital relationship with the
439:R. Thirumalai, S. Manoharan, ed. (1997).
1002:. Global Vision Pub House. p. 340.
421:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 43.
401:Jervoise Athelstane Baines, ed. (1912).
781:A. Vaidehi Krishnamoorthy, ed. (1970).
680:. Ashish Publishing House. p. 11.
612:International Journal of Human Genetics
287:
235:. Commonwealth Publishers. p. 45.
1158:
917:Murthy, B. E. V. V. Narasimha (1989).
916:
881:
260:
77:as well as the Gavara caste of former
1063:Tulsidas Vithooji Gedam, ed. (1999).
853:. University of Mysore. p. 541.
825:. Sunrise Publications. p. 209.
742:Census of India, 1961: Andhra Pradesh
698:Krishna Prakash Bahadur, ed. (1977).
520:. Poompozhil Publishers. p. 19.
1103:
910:
908:
891:. Hindustan Publishing Corporation.
650:Parties, Elections, and Mobilisation
352:Census of India, 1901: Madras (3 v.)
342:. Mittal Publications. p. 102.
202:. Partridge Publishing. p. 44.
418:Historical Dictionary of the Tamils
109:Kavara (also known as Gavara) is a
13:
923:. Mittal Publications. p. 91.
653:. Anmol Publications. p. 18.
647:K. Ramachandra Murty, ed. (2001).
14:
1182:
905:
833:G. Sudharshan Reddy, ed. (1998).
757:Ramendra Nath Nandi, ed. (2000).
496:. M. D. Publications. p. 8.
463:Julian James Cotton, ed. (1905).
363:Ananda Ranga Pillai, ed. (1984).
294:. Psychology Press. p. 106.
113:speaking caste mostly present in
1107:
1049:Pradip K. Bhowmick, ed. (2002).
795:Kumar Suresh Singh, ed. (1992).
377:SirCharles Fawcett, ed. (2017).
270:. Orient Blackswan. p. 46.
182:Pradip K. Bhowmick, ed. (2002).
1166:Social groups of Andhra Pradesh
1040:
996:Nagendra Kr Singh, ed. (2006).
920:Entrepreneurship in Small Towns
798:People of India: Andhra Pradesh
558:. APH Publishing. p. 284.
336:Venkatesa Iyengar, ed. (1932).
1080:. Punthi-Pustak. p. 356.
984:People of India: pt.1-3 Kerala
972:
939:
875:
638:
624:10.1080/09723757.2007.11886010
596:
415:Vijaya Ramaswamy, ed. (2017).
404:Ethnography: Castes and Tribes
252:
222:
163:. Punthi-Pustak. p. 341.
148:
1:
1074:P. R. G. Mathur, ed. (1994).
1066:Untouchability and Its Origin
552:S. N. Sadasivan, ed. (2000).
157:P. R. G. Mathur, ed. (1994).
141:
69:Gavara is also the name of a
1119:. You can help Knowledge by
1025:David Levinson, ed. (1991).
850:The Mysore Tribes and Castes
677:Vysyas: A Sociological Study
469:. Vol. 3. p. 246.
339:The Mysore Tribes and Castes
229:G. Karunanithi, ed. (1991).
7:
819:K. N. M. Raju, ed. (1998).
528:Peter Francis, ed. (2002).
442:People of India: Tamil Nadu
196:Alpana Pandey, ed. (2015).
129:. They are classified as a
10:
1187:
1102:
1031:. G.K. Hall. p. 325.
573:R. Nagaswamy, ed. (1997).
514:P. Rajaraman, ed. (1988).
383:. Routledge. p. 595.
100:. They are not related to
50:. The often use the title
1171:Indian ethnic group stubs
981:K. S. Singh, ed. (1992).
555:A Social History of India
318:. Springer. p. 223.
288:Brimnes, Niels (1999).
749:. 1962. pp. 7–9.
88:district (present-day
34:. They are present in
883:Tapper, Bruce Elliot
587:Dravidian Phonology
262:Mukund, Kanakalatha
951:The Times of India
1128:
1127:
898:978-81-7075-003-1
808:978-81-7671-006-0
729:978-1-136-81801-1
565:978-81-7648-170-0
503:978-81-7533-072-6
325:978-1-349-02746-0
301:978-0-7007-1106-2
277:978-81-250-1661-8
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131:Scheduled Caste
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787:. p. 47.
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722:. p. 35.
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618:(4): 303–306.
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86:Visakhapatnam
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90:Anakapalli
36:Tamil Nadu
959:0971-8257
720:Routledge
115:Ernakulam
81:district.
1019:dialect.
885:(1987).
666:Komatis.
632:55044174
264:(1999).
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60:Balijas
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127:Kerala
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71:Komati
56:Telugu
54:. The
48:Gavara
28:Balija
20:Gavara
628:S2CID
608:(PDF)
52:Naidu
44:Tamil
1117:stub
1082:ISBN
966:2023
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