1426:
810:
42:
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330:
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949:
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2010:
1522:. It is crucial that transplanting is done correctly. This generally implies providing the plants with enough soil so they do not become root-bound (roots wrapping in circles around transplant container), providing a hardening-off period (slow exposure to sun, wind, and cold), providing sufficient light, water, and nutrients, and choosing the correct plants to start indoors as some plants do not do well with the transplanting process.
785:, and frequently a pig and sty, along with a well. The peasant cottager of medieval times was more interested in meat than flowers, with herbs grown for medicinal use rather than for their beauty. By Elizabethan times there was more prosperity, and thus more room to grow flowers. Even the early cottage garden flowers typically had their practical useâviolets were spread on the floor (for their pleasant scent and keeping out vermin);
1339:
637:
1755:, and are commonly used by gardeners and farmers for pest control. Garden guns are short-range weapons that can do little harm past 15 to 20 yards (14 to 18 m) and are relatively quiet when fired with snake shot, compared to a standard ammunition. These guns are especially effective inside of barns and sheds, as the snake shot will not shoot holes in the roof or walls, or more importantly injure livestock with a
8312:
1730:
484:
748:
8300:
1510:
the seed starting mix, ensuring seeds stay at correct humidity, heat, and moisture level for germination, and saving space in the garden. Many crops will not be harvestable unless they are started inside so if a gardener wants to plant these crops in their garden without starting the plants themselves, they will need to purchase transplants which are commonly available at
1534:, and/or other seed-starting media), which may reduce transplant shock and stop root-binding because they allow air pruning of the roots. Some plants such as onions and various herbs may be efficiently started by scattering their seeds on top of soil in a large tray where the seedlings will later be teased apart from each other and replanted in the garden or pots.
1558:) that engage in activity that the gardener considers undesirable. A pest may crowd out desirable plants, disturb soil, stunt the growth of young seedlings, steal or damage fruit, or otherwise kill plants, hamper their growth, damage their appearance, or reduce the quality of the edible or ornamental portions of the plant.
1995:
diverse in flowers have been noted to match or even exceed wild landscapes when it comes to bees pollinating. Areas like golf courses, cemeteries, community gardens as well as residential gardens are all areas in urban settings that could benefit pollinator diversity by implementing native flowers to the landscape.
1174:
distance. Mediterranean agriculture is also a common practice that commercial gardeners use. Mediterranean agriculture is the practice of cultivating animals such as sheep to help weed and provide manure for vine crops, grains, or citrus. Gardeners can easily train these animals to not eat the actual plant.
1954:
or meadow gardens, or require garden plants to be chosen from a pre-approved list, to preserve the aesthetics of the neighborhood. Numerous challenges to these laws, ordinances and regulations have emerged in recent years, with some resulting in legislation protecting a homeowner's right to cultivate
1652:
There are many ways by which unwanted pests are removed from a garden. The techniques vary depending on the pest, the gardener's goals, and the gardener's philosophy. For example, snails may be dealt with through the use of a chemical pesticide, an organic pesticide, hand-picking, barriers, or simply
1173:
Commercial gardening is a more intensive type of gardening that involves the production of vegetables, non-tropical fruits, and flowers from local farmers. Commercial gardening began because farmers would sell locally to stop food from spoiling faster because of the transportation of goods from a far
1936:
Gardening can be a very pleasant and relaxing activity with rewarding results. it allows for a connection with nature and creating a green space that presents a vision of beauty but also contributes to the eco system. A thriving and flourishing garden can be created, by understanding and adapting to
1693:
which poses a risk in global food security. With climate change affecting the distribution of pests, a global increase in pesticide usage has been observed which in turn has caused an increase of human health risks due to exposure. Creating new pesticides in order to manage resistant organisms is an
1445:
which, unlike F1 hybrids, will produce viable seed with progeny similar to its parent. Many modern gardeners will save seeds from heirloom varieties but not hybrids due to the certainty of desirable traits heirloom seeds provide. Historically a lack of plant breeding knowledge would have led to more
1135:
is a social activity in which an area of land is gardened by a group of people, providing access to fresh produce, herbs, flowers and plants as well as access to satisfying labor, neighborhood improvement, sense of community and connection to the environment. Community gardens are typically owned in
2036:
and accessories available in the market for both the professional gardener and the amateur to exercise their creativity for example sculptures, lights or fountains. These are used to add decoration or functionality, and may be made from a wide range of materials such as copper, stone, wood, bamboo,
1940:
Plants and flowers grow in varying temperatures and weather conditions. Most plants thrive in temperatures between 18 and 24 °C during the day and slightly cooler at night. This range allows for optimal photosynthesis and overall growth for many common plant species. Usually there is a variety
1684:
populations. Pesticides and herbicides are also known to cause medical issues, typically to those in proximity during their application. While farm workers are by far the most affected by the use of pesticides and herbicides, they are often under-informed or accept the consequences due to financial
1975:
Others consider gardening to be a good hedge against supply chain disruptions with increased worries that the public cannot always trust that the grocery store shelves will be fully stocked. In April 2022, about 31% of grocery products were out of stock which is an 11% increase from
November 2021.
1721:
which may harbor pests. Another common method of pest control, used frequently in market gardening, is using insect netting or plastic greenhouse covers. Gardeners may rely on one type of pest in order to eliminate another. Some examples of this are cats which hunt mice and rats, wild birds, bats,
1509:
Many gardeners, especially those who live in colder climates, will start seeds indoors prior to transplanting the young plant outside. This provides many benefits such as elongating the growing season, ensuring adequate quantities and quality of light, ensuring seedlings have adequate nutrients in
1370:
or fuse together. Grafting is done for many purposes. Firstly, the scion (portion of the plant above the graft site) can undergo artificial selection for specific desirable traits such as flavor while the rootstock can undergo selection for traits such as disease resistance or cold tolerance. This
1994:
A way to both positively impacts humans and pollinators can be implementing pollinator gardens. Including native flowers has shown to increase pollinators, and even protects bee populations against urbanization and landscapes that do not include flowers. Small patches in urban landscapes that are
1408:
versus plants from cross pollination. Pollen is typically carried by wind, insects, or animals to complete pollination. Some greenhouses may have to manually pollinate their plants to produce fruit and seeds due to a lack of these conditions. Sexual reproduction can only be done by members of the
769:
of the 1340s, when the death of so many laborers made land available for small cottages with personal gardens. According to the late 19th-century legend of origin, these gardens were originally created by the workers that lived in the cottages of the villages, to provide them with food and herbs,
256:
contact. However, they are vastly under represented in research done on early hominin fire use. Based on current research, it is evident that these niches developed separately in different societies across different times and locations. Many of the
Indigenous gardening methods were and still are
1417:
in the plants offspring. This genetic diversity is responsible for the survival of every plant as we know them today. The diversity allows for disease resistance, adaptations to changing climate, changes in soil, changes in pollination methods, changes in animal grazing pressure, changes in weed
203:
hunter-gatherer site showing earlier signs of disturbing the soil and cultivation of pre-domesticated crop species. This evidence pushes early stage plant domestication to 23,000 years ago which aligns with research done by Allaby (2022) showing slight selection pressure of desirable traits in
552:
Wealthy ancient
Egyptians used gardens for providing shade. Egyptians associated trees and gardens with gods, believing that their deities were pleased by gardens. Gardens in ancient Egypt were often surrounded by walls with trees planted in rows. Among the most popular species planted were
827:
In the 18th century, gardens were laid out more naturally, without any walls. This style of smooth undulating grass, which would run straight to the house, clumps, belts and scattering of trees and serpentine lakes formed by invisibly damming small rivers, were a new style within the
1932:
Also gaining popularity is the concept of "Green
Gardening" which involves growing plants using organic fertilizers and pesticides so that the gardening process â or the flowers and fruits produced thereby â doesn't adversely affect the environment or people's health in any manner.
198:
Plant domestication is seen as the birth of agriculture. However, it is arguably proceeded by a very long history of gardening wild plants. While the 12,000 year-old date is the commonly accepted timeline describing plant domestication, there is now evidence from the
668:, cloister garths and vineyards. Individual monasteries might also have had a "green court", a plot of grass and trees where horses could graze, as well as a cellarer's garden or private gardens for obedientiaries, monks who held specific posts within the monastery.
1303:. This method of reproduction is often more simplistic and provides rapid population growth. Cloning may result in highly vulnerable plant populations if they do not also reproduce sexually in order to create genetic diversity thus allowing for certain levels of
1949:
In some parts of the world, particularly the United States, gardening can be restricted by law or by rules and regulations imposed by a home-owner's association. In the United States, such rules may prohibit homeowners from growing vegetable gardens, prohibit
844:
such as mock temples, Gothic ruins, bridges, and other picturesque architecture, designed to recreate an idyllic pastoral landscape. This new style emerged in
England in the early 18th century, and spread across Europe, replacing the more formal, symmetrical
1204:, water retention and drainage, healthier vigorous plants, reduction in weed pressure, reduction in labor, increased fertility and nutrient availability, increase carbon sequestration, reduction in cost, reduction in soil erosion, and reduction in pollution.
716:, proportioned and balanced with a more classical appearance. Most of these gardens were built around a central axis and they were divided into different parts by hedges. Commonly, gardens had flowerbeds laid out in squares and separated by gravel paths.
235:
to increasingly modifying the environment in a way which produces an abundance of edible plant species marks the beginning of gardening. One of the most documented hominin niches is the use of off-site fire. When done intentionally, this is often called
3044:
1466:. Gardeners remain vital in the preservation of diverse genetics whether they maintain a family heirloom variety bred to fit conditions from the distant past, or they breed new landraces with traits matching their modern climate and growing condition.
1972:. As writer and former teacher Sarah Biddle notes, one's garden may become a "tiny oasis to relax and recharge batteries." Involving in gardening activities aid in creativity, observational skills, learning, planning and physical movement.
1217:. For the majority of human history, people have managed with significantly fewer resources compared to modern times. Agriculture was built on the use of hands, stones, sticks, human ingenuity, and fire. The essential tools used in pre-
301:
due to the harsh climate although they have been known to collectively use at least 311 different plants as foods or medicines. The substantial knowledge and use of these plants along with the communal harvesting sites and emphasis on
5055:
Davis, Angela R.; Perkins-Veazie, Penelope; Sakata, Yoshiteru; LĂłpez-Galarza, Salvador; Maroto, Jose
Vicente; Lee, Sang-Gyu; Huh, Yun-Chan; Sun, Zhanyong; Miguel, Alfredo; King, Stephen R.; Cohen, Roni; Lee, Jung-Myung (20 May 2008).
1375:
to a plant that had good tasting fruit. Secondly, grafting allows for plants that require cross pollination for fruit generation, such as apples, to all grow together as one tree. Thirdly, this allows for quick reproduction where one
891:
were used to design gardens. Distinct mandala patterns denoted specific deities, planets, or even constellations. Such a garden was also referred to as a 'Mandala
Vaatika'. The word 'Vaatika' can mean garden, plantation or parterre.
701:. During the next two centuries, Europeans started planting lawns and raising flowerbeds and trellises of roses. Fruit trees were common in these gardens and also in some, there were turf seats. At the same time, the gardens in the
1454:. Highly outcrossing plants such as spinach are more likely to create landraces. Many landraces and heirloom varieties along with their genetics are being lost due to the decrease in seed saving by modern farmers. This leads plant
1963:
Gardening is considered by many people to be a relaxing activity. There are also many studies about the positive effects on mental and physical health in relation to gardening. Specifically, gardening is thought to increase
1525:
There are varying methods of starting your seeds. The most prevalent method would be to start seeds in transplant (plug) trays or in planters/pots. Another method is starting seeds in soil blocks (small cubes of compressed
362:), creating berry patches and orchards, manipulation of plants to encourage desired traits(e.g. increased nut, fruit, or root production), and landscape modification to encourage plant and animal growth (e.g. complex
1597:
family. A natural ecosystem will typically regulate pest levels through many biological means whether that be the natural introduction of a disease or an increase in the population of a predator species of animal.
1906:, where urban landowners allow gardeners to grow on their property in exchange for a share of the harvest, is associated with the desire to control the quality of one's food, and reconnect with soil and community.
1403:
as a sexual means of reproduction where the genes of the mother plant will not perfectly match those of the progeny. Progeny from self pollination will however have less genetic diversity which may result in
1371:
effectively allows for much more efficiency in the artificial selection process as certain traits such as fruit taste can be ignored altogether in the rootstock allowing for a focused selection with less
349:
of Canada to the temperate forests and grasslands of Chile and
Argentina different communities have developed food production niches. These include the use of fire for ecosystem maintenance and resetting
224:, which dates back to 1.5 Mya (although at this time fire was not likely being wielded as a landscape-changing tool by hominids). This anthropogenic ecosystem disturbance may be the origins of gardening.
3469:
Boulanger-Lapointe, Noémie; Gérin-Lajoie, José; Siegwart
Collier, Laura; Desrosiers, Sarah; Spiech, Carmen; Henry, Gregory H. R.; Hermanutz, Luise; LĂ©vesque, Esther; Cuerrier, Alain (1 February 2019).
5415:
227:
Every hunter-gatherer society has developed a niche of some sort, allowing them to thrive or even just survive amongst their environments. Many of these prehistoric hunter-gatherers had constructed a
697:
By the late 13th century, rich
Europeans began to grow gardens for leisure and for medicinal herbs and vegetables. They surrounded the gardens by walls to protect them from animals and to provide
382:
were described as exhibiting pristine beauty. Indigenous gardens such as forest gardens therefore do not only serve as a producer of foods, medicines, or materials, but also pleasant aesthetics.
3428:
Migicovsky, Zoë; Amyotte, Beatrice; Ulrich, Jens; Smith, Tyler W.; Turner, Nancy J.; Pico, Joana; Ciotir, Claudia; Sharifi, Mehdi; Meldrum, Gennifer; Stormes, Ben; Moreau, Tara (November 2022).
2184:
continue to produce artistically creative designs for private garden spaces. In the US, professional landscape designers are certified by the Association of Professional Landscape Designers.
3095:"Burning the Land: An Ethnographic Study of Off-Site Fire Use by Current and Historically Documented Foragers and Implications for the Interpretation of Past Fire Practices in the Landscape"
1046:
are also considered a type of water garden. These all require special conditions and considerations. A simple water garden may consist solely of a tub containing the water and plant(s). In
6915:
1032:. The goal is to create a garden in harmony with, and adapted to a given area. This type of gardening typically reduces water usage, maintenance, and fertilization costs, while increasing
333:
From the Drake manuscript, this is a drawing done by an anonymous Frenchman in the 16th century. It shows an Indigenous garden planted with papaya, pineapple, maize, beans, and cucurbits.
3789:
1589:
Throughout history ecosystems that have undergone rapid changes are typically those which harbor the most pests. For example, a highly and rapidly altered landscape such as modern
906:
Residential gardening takes place near the home, in a space referred to as the garden. Although a garden typically is located on the land near a residence, it may also be located
1180:(or no till gardening) is a method of gardening that avoids tillage as much as possible. This method of gardening is gaining popularity in part due to celebrated figures such as
6750:
1315:
which involves the growth of new plants from vegetative parts of the parent plant, such as roots, stems, and leaves. Certain plants such as strawberries and raspberries produce
849:
of the 17th century as the principal gardening style of Europe. The English garden presented an idealized view of nature. They were often inspired by paintings of landscapes by
6408:
583:
was renowned for its beautiful gardens. These tended to be wide and large, some of them used for hunting gameârather like a game reserve todayâand others as leisure gardens.
2645:
Roebroeks, Wil; MacDonald, Katharine; Scherjon, Fulco; Bakels, Corrie; Kindler, Lutz; Nikulina, Anastasia; Pop, Eduard; Gaudzinski-Windheuser, Sabine (17 December 2021).
1726:. There are also targeted measures of animal pest control such as a mole vibrator which can deter mole activity in a garden, or automated gun shots to scare off birds.
1809:
case, "Sandra Bell vs. City of Toronto", 1997, the right to cultivate all native species, even most varieties deemed noxious or allergenic, was upheld as part of the
774:
were provided with cottages that had architectural quality set in a small gardenâabout 1 acre (0.40 hectares)âwhere they could grow food and keep pigs and chickens.
4318:
Ogle, Stephen M.; Alsaker, Cody; Baldock, Jeff; Bernoux, Martial; Breidt, F. Jay; McConkey, Brian; Regina, Kristiina; Vazquez-Amabile, Gabriel G. (12 August 2019).
565:. These gardens were a sign of higher socioeconomic status. In addition, wealthy ancient Egyptians grew vineyards, as wine was a sign of the higher social classes.
310:
Indigenous groups in South America had developed seemingly comparable niches due to a similar tundra ecosystem. While there are very few studies on the Fuegians,
1323:
which are stems which grow horizontally above or below ground, developing new plants at nodes. Another common method of asexual reproduction in garden plants is
6125:
1987:
and other pollinators are in decline. Gardeners can make a difference to help reverse this trend. The main thing that matters is that they get their share of
6885:
6769:
1722:
chickens, and ducks which hunt insects and slugs, or thorny hedges to deter deer and other creatures. Using these organisms to help control pests is called
7244:
7003:
6275:
Council, National Research; Agriculture, Board on; Populations, Committee on Strategies for the Management of Pesticide Resistant Pest (1 February 1986).
3367:
Inuit Ethnobotany in the North American Subarctic and Arctic: Celebrating a Rich History and Expanding Research into New Areas Using Biocultural Diversity
6973:
161:
grown inside. Gardens take many forms, some only contain one type of plant while others involve a complex assortment of plants with no particular order.
7924:
6533:
1327:
which involves a separation from the parent plant. This is common for shrubs, and trees such as willows which may shed their branches which is termed
6691:
4804:
1462:
and bred since at least 7800 BCE. Despite the decrease in farmer seed saving, many landraces are also being created through artificial selection and
832:
landscape. This was a "gardenless" form of landscape gardening, which swept away almost all the remnants of previous formally patterned styles. The
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7350:
4300:
3811:
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5544:
6907:
4481:
4304:
4137:
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4296:
2168:. In 18th-century Europe, country estates were refashioned by landscape gardeners into formal gardens or landscaped park lands, such as at
3981:
3781:
2882:"General patterns of niche construction and the management of 'wild' plant and animal resources by small-scale pre-industrial societies"
6731:
4383:
3758:
1941:
of plants in a garden, therefore it is always best to learn about the best weather for your plants to have success with your planting.
648:
represent a period of decline in gardens for aesthetic purposes. After the fall of Rome, gardening was done for the purpose of growing
149:
Berms of fava beans have been planted at Hayes Valley Farm, a community-built farm on the former Central freeway ramps of San Francisco
4865:
2336:"What are the health and well-being impacts of community gardening for adults and children: a mixed method systematic review protocol"
180:. It is important to note that there are cultures which do not differentiate between farming and gardening. This is primarily because
6302:
Tudi, Muyesaier; Daniel Ruan, Huada; Wang, Li; Lyu, Jia; Sadler, Ross; Connell, Des; Chu, Cordia; Phung, Dung Tri (27 January 2021).
4320:"Climate and Soil Characteristics Determine Where No-Till Management Can Store Carbon in Soils and Mitigate Greenhouse Gas Emissions"
6501:
2523:
Snir, Ainit; Nadel, Dani; Groman-Yaroslavski, Iris; Melamed, Yoel; Sternberg, Marcelo; Bar-Yosef, Ofer; Weiss, Ehud (22 July 2015).
1676:
of a garden due to their effects on the populations of both target and non-target species. For example, unintended exposure to some
8113:
7237:
6412:
2239:
1955:
native plants or grow vegetables. Laws protecting a homeowner's right to grow food plants have been termed "right to garden" laws.
337:
Horticulture plays a relatively small role in these northern and southern tundra inhabitants compared with Indigenous societies in
6474:
1429:
Time course imaging of two maize inbreds (LH198 and PHG47) and the F1 hybrid (LH198/PHG47) generated by crossing the two together.
7096:
Langellotto, Gail Ann; Melathopoulos, Andony; Messer, Isabella; Anderson, Aaron; McClintock, Nathan; Costner, Lucas (June 2018).
7033:
6710:
5969:"Key Pests and Parasitoids of Oilseed Rape or Canola in North America and the Importance of Parasitoids in Integrated Management"
3518:
1806:
4455:
1779:
People can express their political or social views in gardens, intentionally or not. The lawn vs. garden issue is played out in
5014:
Davis, Angela R.; Perkins-Veazie, Penelope; Hassell, Richard; Levi, Amnon; King, Stephen R.; Zhang, Xingping (1 October 2008).
1425:
6077:
Henry, M.; Beguin, M.; Requier, F.; Rollin, O.; Odoux, J.-F.; Aupinel, P.; Aptel, J.; Tchamitchian, S.; Decourtye, A. (2012).
2978:"The "fire stick farming" hypothesis: Australian Aboriginal foraging strategies, biodiversity, and anthropogenic fire mosaics"
6286:
5988:
5754:
5727:
5606:
5468:
5435:
4998:
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4720:
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4116:
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4010:
3926:
3895:
3595:
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678:
and they were usually enclosed by walls and divided in four by watercourses. Commonly, the centre of the garden would have a
3259:"People and Plants in Nunatsiavut (Labrador, Canada): Examining Plants as a Foundational Aspect of Culture in the Subarctic"
2939:"Was the Emergence of Home Bases and Domestic Fire a Punctuated Event? A Review of the Middle Pleistocene Record in Eurasia"
1689:
may be applied to the seed coat to reduce mortality of germinating seedlings. The improper use of pesticides often leads to
1225:, sickles, hoes, baskets, pottery, digging sticks, animal-driven ploughs, animals, and fire for clearing land. Up until the
168:. They are most easily differentiated based on their primary objectives. Farming prioritizes saleable goods and may include
5458:
2420:
6941:
3832:
1477:. Gardeners may grow frustrated if they lack this crucial knowledge before attempting to propagate certain plants such as
1366:
cultivar of the same species. This involves cutting each plant and connecting the cuttings by mechanical means until they
184:
has been the main method of farming throughout its 12,000 year history and is virtually indistinguishable from gardening.
7230:
6276:
5744:
809:
176:. As it pertains to food production, gardening generally happens on a much smaller scale with the intent of personal or
6226:
Hoose, Benjamin W.; Geary, Bradley D.; Richardson, William C.; Petersen, Steven L.; Madsen, Matthew D. (January 2022).
5376:
4988:
1399:. This pollination must occur between female and male parts of a single flower or between flowers. A plant may undergo
542:
3636:
7598:
3974:
3752:
1229:
these simple tools, although continually improved upon, would continue to be the backbone of agricultural societies.
6078:
4691:
4584:
LĂłpez-BultĂł, Oriol; PiquĂ©, Raquel; AntolĂn, Ferran; AntĂłn BarcelĂł, Joan; Palomo, Antoni; Clemente, Ignacio (2020).
4159:
3856:"Gardens of Western Europe, 1600â1800 | Essay | The Metropolitan Museum of Art | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History"
956:
6877:
5771:
5717:
4710:
1093:
author and teacher, considers wood buried in trenches to also be a form of hugelkultur referred to as a dead wood
1060:
is concerned with growing plants in any type of container either indoors or outdoors. Common containers are pots,
5929:
5015:
221:
6995:
5889:
Aboukhadrah, S. H.; El - Alsayed, Abdul Wahed Abdul Hameed; Sobhy, Labib; Abdelmasieh, William (1 August 2017).
4820:"The role of vegetative fragmentation in dispersal of the invasive alga Caulerpa taxifolia in the Mediterranean"
3701:
1615:
Because gardeners may have different goals, organisms considered "garden pests" vary from gardener to gardener.
220:
disturbance back up to 125,000 years ago. Much of these early recorded ecosystem disturbances were made through
4881:
Lee, Jung-Myung; Kubota, C.; Tsao, S. J.; Bie, Z.; Echevarria, P. Hoyos; Morra, L.; Oda, M. (8 December 2010).
4082:
2244:
2119:
Garden design is considered to be an art in most cultures, distinguished from gardening, which generally means
1621:, for example, may be considered a desirable and ornamental garden plant, or it may be considered a pest if it
1121:. When used as a method of disposing of large volumes of waste wood and woody debris, hugelkultur accomplishes
6963:
5930:"Potential Impacts of Climate Change on Ecosystem Services in Europe: The Case of Pest Control by Vertebrates"
8304:
6530:
765:, appear to have originated as a local source for herbs and fruits. One theory is that they arose out of the
1802:) should apply, or whether land should generally be allowed to exist in its natural wild state. In a famous
1213:
Regardless of historical time period, location, scale, or type of garden, all gardening requires some basic
7625:
7323:
1324:
1014:
or heating systems. Indoor gardening extends the growing season in the fall and spring and can be used for
487:
6184:
4736:
4585:
628:
and violetsâas well as statues and sculptures. Flower beds were popular in the courtyards of rich Romans.
8144:
5928:
Civantos, Emilio; Thuiller, Wilfried; Maiorano, Luigi; Guisan, Antoine; AraĂșjo, Miguel B. (1 July 2012).
3952:
among the vegetables and flowers, popularly supposed to represent heirlooms from the seventeenth century.
1601:
962:
Gardening also takes place in non-residential green areas, such as parks, public or semi-public gardens (
355:
7168:
6212:
5850:
Dihingia, Pramod Chandra; Kumar, G.V. Prasanna; Sarma, Pallab Kumar; Neog, Prasanta (3 September 2017).
4586:"Digging sticks and agriculture development at the ancient Neolithic site of la Draga (Banyoles, Spain)"
4226:"People, Land and Sustainability: Community Gardens and the Social Dimension of Sustainable Development"
3391:"Traditional uses and beneficial effects of various species of berry-producing plants in eastern Canada"
1458:
to search for desirable genetics in wild ancestral varieties of commonly grown plants. Plants have been
1311:. There are various methods of asexual plant propagation taken advantage of by gardeners. These include
385:
Many popular crops originate from pre-colonial Indigenous agricultural societies. Some of these include
7635:
7308:
7288:
4456:"The pros and cons of no till gardening - Gardening at USask - College of Agriculture and Bioresources"
3918:
3559:
3471:"Berry Plants and Berry Picking in Inuit Nunangat: Traditions in a Changing Socio-Ecological Landscape"
2262:
1273:
1153:
1064:, and planters. Container gardening is usually used in atriums and on balconies, patios, and roof tops.
876:" style of gardens evolved. These gardens displayed a wide variety of flowers in a rather small space.
846:
538:
6143:
6142:
Athukorala, Wasantha; Lee, Boon L.; Wilson, Clevo; Fujii, Hidemichi; Managi, Shunsuke (1 March 2023).
4882:
4133:
2591:
1709:
and bio stimulants to improve the health and vigor of plants so they better resist attack, practicing
1288:
through many different methods. These methods are classified as either sexual or asexual propagation.
1200:, and many other market gardeners. Minimal tillage has been documented to help with promoting diverse
41:
8164:
8118:
7968:
7098:"Garden Pollinators and the Potential for Ecosystem Service Flow to Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture"
6846:
5851:
5416:"Creating Landrace Diversity: The Case of the Ari People and Ensete (Ensete ventricosum) in Ethiopia"
1505:) grafted seedlings ready for transplanting at the Agroplan Mudas nursery, in Pacajus, CearĂĄ, Brazil.
1003:
209:
31:
17:
6676:
5624:"Germination and seed bank biology in some Iberian populations of Anagyris foetida L. (Leguminosae)"
5598:
Heirloom Seeds and Their Keepers: Marginality and Memory in the Conservation of Biological Diversity
4225:
2835:
1078:
7558:
7415:
7186:
6435:"Effects of insect net coverage in field vegetables on pests, diseases, natural enemies, and yield"
3430:"Berries as a case study for crop wild relative conservation, use, and public engagement in Canada"
2470:
2234:
1469:
Certain seeds may not sprout without certain environmental conditions. These seeds either require
833:
135:
6650:
5150:
Booy, G.; Hendriks, R. J. J.; Smulders, M. J. M.; Groenendael, J. M. Van; Vosman, B. (July 2000).
3045:"Fire Ecology, Animal Populations and Man: a Study of some Ecological Relationships in Prehistory"
1170:, such as astrological sowing and planting calendar and particular field and compost preparations.
1142:
partners landowners with gardeners in need of land. These shared gardens, typically front or back
329:
8202:
7978:
7880:
7875:
7593:
7470:
7055:
Persson, Anna S.; Hederström, Veronica; Ljungkvist, Iris; Nilsson, Lovisa; Kendall, Liam (2023).
3948:(London: Lane) 1981, demythologised the origins of the English cottage garden, and its treasured
3663:"Landscape Aesthetics, Water, and Settler Colonialism in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia"
2249:
2018:
1723:
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which ensures certain desirable traits. A common alternative to growing hybrid plants is to grow
1312:
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193:
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7951:
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Bliege Bird, R.; Bird, D. W.; Codding, B. F.; Parker, C. H.; Jones, J. H. (30 September 2008).
2209:
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2110:
2050:
1831:
1697:
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1244:
created a large increase in availability and impact of agricultural tools. These tools include
1021:
7057:"Citizen science initiatives increase pollinator activity in private gardens and green spaces"
6692:"The 5 Most Common HOA Landscaping/Gardening Policies (And Why They Matter To Your Community)"
5392:
5338:"A model for the estimation of outcrossing rate and gene frequencies using n independent loci"
5291:"High outcrossing rates in fields with mixed sorghum landraces: how are landraces maintained?"
4625:"The archaeological evidence for the appearance of pastoralism and farming in southern Africa"
3978:
2101:. The use of these items can be part of the expression of a gardener's gardening personality.
248:
describes the many benefits off-site fires may have granted these early humans. Some of these
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8050:
7767:
7385:
7380:
7273:
4178:
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1917:
1890:. The idea of open gardens without hedges may be distasteful to those who enjoy privacy. The
1768:
1482:
1405:
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911:
813:
664:. Generally, monastic garden types consisted of kitchen gardens, infirmary gardens, cemetery
351:
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Lewis, W. J.; van Lenteren, J. C.; Phatak, Sharad C.; Tumlinson, J. H. (11 November 1997).
5635:
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1909:
In US and British usage, the production of ornamental plantings around buildings is called
1690:
1617:
1607:
1358:
Perhaps the most commonly-known method of asexual reproduction in gardening and farming is
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allowing for easier access to, or a higher amount of edible plant species. This shift from
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immense expense and is often heavily criticized as an ineffective method of pest control.
8:
8073:
7936:
7492:
7360:
7345:
7293:
7283:
6509:
5811:"Key Technologies of Plug Tray Seedling Transplanters in Protected Agriculture: A Review"
4482:"10,000 Years Ago â Ancient Stone Tools Provide the Earliest Evidence of Rice Harvesting"
4047:
3855:
3205:
2177:
2124:
1816:
1717:, and practicing good garden hygiene, such as disinfecting tools and clearing debris and
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4819:
4692:"The History of Agriculture in the United States Beginning With the Seventeenth Century"
4640:
4601:
4425:
4335:
3560:"Botanik online: PUBLIC DOMAIN - Charles Darwin - The Voyage of the Beagle - Chapter 10"
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8149:
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7807:
7787:
7140:
6823:
6788:
6711:"Q&A: An HOA board does not have the authority to ban drought-tolerant landscaping"
6626:
6478:
6409:"The Self-Sufficient Gardener Podcast--Episode 24 Companion Planting and Crop Rotation"
6363:"Wicked evolution: Can we address the sociobiological dilemma of pesticide resistance?"
6338:
6303:
6117:
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2811:
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2754:
2711:
2687:
2646:
2590:
Allaby, Robin G.; Stevens, Chris J.; Kistler, Logan; Fuller, Dorian Q. (1 March 2022).
2567:
2524:
2495:
2471:"Origins of agriculture - Neolithic Revolution, Domestication, Irrigation | Britannica"
2288:
2271:
2224:
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1863:
1822:
1714:
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which have improved germination after being digested by bears through a process called
1459:
1221:
gardening were non-metal (primarily stone, bone, wood, or copper) knives, axes, adzes,
975:
462:
394:
270:
241:
228:
7025:
6362:
4409:
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monks were often required to build decorative gardens or practice related skills like
705:
were a place to grow flowers and medicinal herbs but they were also a space where the
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6343:
6325:
6282:
6257:
6199:
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6144:"Measuring the impact of pesticide exposure on farmers' health and farm productivity"
6109:
6059:
6054:
6041:
6011:
5984:
5949:
5910:
5891:"Response of Onion Yield and Quality To Different Planting Date, Methods and Density"
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794:
762:
7551:
6121:
4384:"No-Till Farming Improves Soil Health and Mitigates Climate Change | Article | EESI"
2445:
604:
gardens were laid out with hedges and vines and contained a wide variety of flowersâ
8280:
8254:
8008:
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7298:
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4605:
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3490:
3441:
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3328:
3294:
3278:
3177:
3161:
3106:
3093:
Scherjon, Fulco; Bakels, Corrie; MacDonald, Katharine; Roebroeks, Wil (June 2015).
3056:
3015:
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2909:
2893:
2843:
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2790:
2749:
2731:
2682:
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2611:
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2254:
2229:
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2054:
2022:
1969:
1838:
People often surround their house and garden with a hedge. Common hedge plants are
1442:
1422:, or hybridizing, results in hybrid vigor and will increase the genetic diversity.
1400:
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1102:
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1057:
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of the East, which had recently been described by European travelers. The work of
821:
817:
790:
605:
503:
454:
237:
158:
7695:
6304:"Agriculture Development, Pesticide Application and Its Impact on the Environment"
5867:
5264:
4906:
4883:"Current status of vegetable grafting: Diffusion, grafting techniques, automation"
4241:
3662:
865:
was particularly influential. Also, in 1804 the Horticultural Society was formed.
506:, a forest-based food production system, is the world's oldest form of gardening.
8259:
8244:
8239:
7931:
7837:
7817:
7717:
7705:
7690:
7670:
7665:
7529:
7480:
7455:
7435:
6996:"How gardeners can help our declining bees and other pollinators / RHS Gardening"
6537:
5906:
5890:
4774:
4649:
4609:
4408:
Arshad, M. A.; Schnitzer, M.; Angers, D. A.; Ripmeester, J. A. (1 January 1990).
3985:
2549:
2181:
2140:
2132:
2128:
2114:
2038:
2033:
2026:
2004:
1899:
1879:
1855:
1362:. A human may chose to graft an excellent fruit producing cultivar on a selected
1193:
1181:
1118:
1114:
884:
858:
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679:
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649:
591:
450:
359:
232:
7722:
6805:
6609:
5980:
5827:
5810:
5686:
4990:
Grafting and Budding: A Practical Guide for Fruit and Nut Plants and Ornamentals
1162:
or biodynamic agriculture is similar to organic gardening, but includes various
354:
sequences, the sowing of wild annuals, the sowing of domesticated annuals (e.g.
8234:
8224:
8068:
8013:
8003:
7822:
7797:
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7645:
7640:
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7522:
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7502:
7430:
7330:
6937:
6451:
6434:
5852:"Production of Soil Block Seedlings in Plug Trays for Mechanical Transplanting"
5787:
5484:
Khan, Mohd. Kamran; Islam, Tofazzal; Gezgin, Sait; Di Gioia, Francesco (2023).
5032:
4762:
4343:
4194:
3828:
3282:
2615:
2334:
Lovell, Rebecca; Husk, Kerryn; Bethel, Alison; Garside, Ruth (7 October 2014).
2308:
2214:
1903:
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1419:
1167:
1139:
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311:
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between humans and plants indicates a basic level of gardening. Similarly, the
7958:
7073:
7056:
6593:
6570:
6159:
5968:
5772:"Improved Germination of American Ginseng Seeds Under Controlled Environments"
5647:
5502:
5081:
4547:"New Archaeobotanic Data for the Study of the Origins of Agriculture in China"
3718:
3495:
3470:
3060:
1902:, where these were added to a public school to augment the kitchen classroom.
1067:
521:(around 1500 BC) provide some of the earliest physical evidence of ornamental
8332:
8229:
8207:
7983:
7892:
7842:
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6167:
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6036:
5953:
5914:
5875:
5836:
5795:
5694:
5655:
5622:
Valtueña, F. J.; Ortega-Olivencia, A.; RodrĂguez-Riaño, T. (1 October 2008).
5511:
5427:
5400:
5361:
5314:
5265:"Heirloom plant | Definition, Examples, Importance, & Facts | Britannica"
5232:
5183:
5128:
5089:
5041:
4955:
4914:
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4351:
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3504:
3455:
3414:
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3068:
3011:
2954:
2905:
2802:
2779:"Foraging and farming as niche construction: stable and unstable adaptations"
2745:
2678:
2623:
2558:
2496:"Subsistence farming | Definition, Characteristics, & Facts | Britannica"
2379:
2046:
1895:
1710:
1677:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1257:
1201:
1197:
1086:
1025:
983:
979:
942:
657:
601:
598:, the Great Enclosure dated to the 3rd century BC included splendid gardens.
514:
258:
111:
6964:"Product shortages and soaring prices reveal fragility of U.S. supply chain"
6554:
6378:
6252:
6227:
6105:
5945:
5671:"It is Good to be Eaten by a Bear: Effects of Ingestion on Seed Germination"
5623:
5337:
5290:
5223:
4946:
3782:"Why Sudan's Remarkable Ancient Civilization Has Been Overlooked by History"
3535:"A short Account of Tierra del Fuego and its Inhabitants, by Thomas Bridges"
3165:
3002:
2736:
1252:, mowers, earth-moving machines, hedge trimmers, strimmer's, wood-chippers,
8174:
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7973:
7941:
7870:
7857:
7832:
7812:
7782:
7507:
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7253:
6832:
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6347:
6320:
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5250:
5136:
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4369:
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3308:
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2360:
2335:
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2058:
1799:
1657:
1594:
1590:
1527:
1497:
1481:(asexual reproduction), which requires a cold dormant period to sprout, or
1418:
pressure, and any other variations that arise in their growing conditions.
1377:
1372:
1367:
1146:, are usually used to produce food that is divided between the two parties.
1110:
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1090:
1039:
1033:
574:
546:
522:
510:
253:
245:
6079:"A Common Pesticide Decreases Foraging Success and Survival in Honey Bees"
6063:
5197:
Birchler, James A.; Yao, Hong; Chudalayandi, Sivanandan (29 August 2006).
5104:
3406:
2847:
2834:
Odling-Smee, F. John; Lala, Kevin N.; Feldman, Marcus (15 February 2013),
2525:"The Origin of Cultivation and Proto-Weeds, Long Before Neolithic Farming"
1991:
to fuel their busy lifestyles, and this is where gardening can help them.
1629:, moss can become dominant and be impossible to eradicate. In some lawns,
1152:
uses natural, sustainable methods, fertilizers and pesticides to grow non-
868:
Gardens of the 19th century contained plants such as the monkey puzzle or
8085:
8080:
7865:
7752:
7747:
7737:
7732:
7660:
7650:
7425:
7390:
7370:
7335:
7303:
6770:"Only Two States Have Passed 'Right to Garden' Laws. Will Others Follow?"
5571:"From Corgis to Corn: A Brief Look at the Long History of GMO Technology"
5545:"From Corgis to Corn: A Brief Look at the Long History of GMO Technology"
2086:
1965:
1951:
1911:
1749:
1563:
1451:
1392:
1328:
1222:
1143:
1126:
1098:
1047:
907:
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873:
766:
724:
702:
645:
609:
249:
165:
7216:
6751:"Maryland couple's pushback on HOA rules changes landscape of state law"
5719:
Seed to Seed: Seed Saving and Growing Techniques for Vegetable Gardeners
5702:
5670:
5353:
5306:
5175:
4163:
3332:
2962:
2938:
1070:
is concerned with growing plants on piles of rotting wood, as a form of
7802:
7685:
7620:
7605:
7563:
7440:
7340:
7114:
7097:
6185:
https://academic.oup.com/jpubhealth/article/28/1/43/1553663?login=false
5888:
5621:
4843:
4531:
4507:
4074:
3446:
3429:
2592:"Emerging evidence of plant domestication as a landscape-level process"
2370:
2090:
2074:
1980:
1784:
1752:
1743:
1706:
1455:
1265:
1261:
1249:
1218:
1043:
1007:
999:
919:
869:
771:
736:
728:
570:
554:
491:
446:
371:
363:
131:
87:
83:
7095:
6228:"Improving dryland seedling recruitment using fungicide seed coatings"
5967:
Dosdall, Lloyd M.; Mason, Peter G. (2010), Williams, Ingrid H. (ed.),
5054:
3375:
2886:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
2783:
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
1236:
Harrowing a field on the Canterbury Agricultural College farm in 1948.
989:
513:, wealthy individuals began to create gardens for aesthetic purposes.
212:, there are many archaeological studies pushing the potential date of
8249:
8212:
8159:
8139:
8134:
7792:
7278:
3611:
2194:
2098:
2082:
1891:
1883:
1843:
1827:
1803:
1764:
1705:
Other means of control include the removal of infected plants, using
1686:
1681:
1665:
1661:
1635:
1434:
1363:
1351:
1308:
1269:
798:
786:
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713:
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338:
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gardens with well defined borders and non-naturalized plant species.
217:
169:
123:
91:
63:
5770:
Li, Thomas S. C.; Bedford, K. E.; Sholberg, P. L. (1 January 2000).
5289:
Barnaud, A.; Trigueros, G.; McKey, D.; Joly, H. I. (November 2008).
5120:
4583:
3883:
The Cottage Garden: How to Plan and Plant a Garden That Grows Itself
3534:
3365:
1819:
comprises a wide variety of approaches to sharing land and gardens.
840:, and often contained shrubberies, grottoes, pavilions, bridges and
50:
8108:
8035:
7963:
7700:
7575:
7365:
6968:
5809:
Liu, Wei; Tian, Shijie; Wang, Qingyu; Jiang, Huanyu (August 2023).
5457:
Hawkes, J. G.; Maxted, Nigel; Ford-Lloyd, B. V. (6 December 2012).
4562:
4041:
3587:
Documenting Domestication: New Genetic and Archaeological Paradigms
3110:
2204:
2094:
2070:
1887:
1867:
1788:
1756:
1447:
1359:
1338:
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927:
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660:
and intense horticultural techniques during the medieval period in
625:
621:
617:
587:
and palms were some of the most frequently planted types of trees.
410:
307:
213:
200:
139:
35:
7054:
4410:"Effects of till vs no-till on the quality of soil organic matter"
2522:
2009:
1680:
pesticides has been proposed as a factor in the recent decline in
1625:
and starts to grow where it is not wanted. As another example, in
636:
8217:
8179:
8169:
8045:
7680:
7570:
6787:
Soga, Masashi; Gaston, Kevin J.; Yamaura, Yuichi (1 March 2017).
6308:
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
3949:
3324:
Wild Harvest: Plants in the Hominin and Pre-Agrarian Human Worlds
2836:"Niche Construction: The Neglected Process in Evolution (MPB-37)"
2219:
2164:
2151:
1792:
1760:
1673:
1593:
fields in the Americas can be a breeding ground for pests of the
1531:
1410:
1332:
1320:
1300:
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915:
888:
829:
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402:
298:
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257:
often overlooked by colonizers due to the lack of resemblance to
173:
127:
115:
107:
82:
fulfill a wide assortment of purposes, notably the production of
46:
6732:"Local Laws Ban Front Yard Food Gardens in Cities Across the US"
6009:
5377:"Estimation of Outcrossing Rates: Some Alternative Procedures 1"
3914:
The Pleasure Garden: An Illustrated History of British Gardening
3092:
2644:
2309:"Gardening | Definition, Types, Tools, & Facts | Britannica"
2123:. Garden design can include different themes such as perennial,
1729:
483:
7909:
7902:
7897:
7313:
6592:
Soga, Masashi; Gaston, Kevin J.; Yamaura, Yuichi (March 2017).
6553:
Clatworthy, Jane; Hinds, Joe; M. Camic, Paul (1 January 2013).
6361:
Gould, Fred; Brown, Zachary S.; Kuzma, Jennifer (18 May 2018).
5149:
4407:
3744:
The Forest Farms of Kandy: And Other Gardens of Complete Design
2199:
1988:
1839:
1748:
Garden guns are smooth-bore shotguns specifically made to fire
1630:
1555:
1551:
1478:
1342:
1316:
778:
747:
732:
731:. By this time, Europeans started planting new flowers such as
687:
661:
653:
613:
530:
458:
438:
434:
422:
414:
398:
390:
342:
323:
315:
286:
274:
205:
119:
103:
79:
71:
5927:
5486:"Editorial: Wild plant genetic resources: a hope for tomorrow"
5013:
172:
production whereas gardening often prioritizes aesthetics and
7998:
6847:"8 Surprising Health Benefits of Gardening | UNC Health Talk"
6274:
4162:. American Community Garden Association. 2007. Archived from
2712:"On the earliest evidence for habitual use of fire in Europe"
1875:
1871:
1859:
1851:
1847:
1795:
1571:
1559:
1547:
1543:
1396:
1042:
is concerned with growing plants adapted to pools and ponds.
923:
841:
558:
386:
278:
67:
6225:
5973:
Biocontrol-Based Integrated Management of Oilseed Rape Pests
4698:– via DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln.
3427:
2975:
1979:
Gardening can also support good numbers and a wide range of
1644:, can become difficult to control and are considered pests.
7919:
7534:
6278:
Pesticide Resistance: Strategies and Tactics for Management
4930:"Plant grafting: new mechanisms, evolutionary implications"
3910:
2078:
2042:
1718:
1626:
1622:
1579:
1567:
1346:
1214:
706:
566:
537:. A notable example of ancient ornamental gardens were the
370:). These modified landscapes as recorded by early American
319:
99:
75:
4224:
Ferris, John; Norman, Carol; Sempik, Joe (December 2001).
3963:
A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects, 1600â1840
2647:"Landscape modification by Last Interglacial Neanderthals"
2589:
1446:
hybridization and the creation of new genetically diverse
793:
were both attractive and used in cooking. Others, such as
7847:
6908:"Do you know better mental can be achieved by gardening?"
5288:
4317:
4262:
2155:
2014:
1984:
1583:
1575:
967:
577:
could all also be found in the gardens of the Egyptians.
95:
7210:
6141:
6076:
6012:"A total system approach to sustainable pest management"
5103:
Charlesworth, Deborah; Willis, John H. (November 2009).
4818:
Ceccherelli, Giulia; Cinelli, Francesco (11 June 1999).
3702:"Development of New World Crops by Indigenous Americans"
1701:
Crop under row cover to protect plants from pest damage.
7182:
6938:"Gardening Is a Hedge Against Supply Chain Disruptions"
6552:
5483:
5196:
4179:"Rethinking Urban Poverty: A Look at Community Gardens"
3256:
2333:
1894:
movement has sought in some countries to add an edible
1672:
or artificially synthesized. Pesticides may affect the
1010:. Indoor gardens are sometimes incorporated as part of
252:
practices have been well documented and studied during
6301:
5849:
5456:
3740:
2833:
6789:"Gardening is beneficial for health: A meta-analysis"
6594:"Gardening is beneficial for health: A meta-analysis"
6555:"Gardening as a mental health intervention: a review"
5975:, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 167â213,
4769:, Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, pp. 183â230,
4696:
Nebraska Academy of Sciences and Affiliated Societies
2777:
Rowley-Conwy, Peter; Layton, Robert (27 March 2011).
2260:
719:
Gardens in Renaissance were adorned with sculptures,
7141:
https://academic.oup.com/jipm/article/13/1/6/6546675
6677:"Gardening Laws And Ordinances â Common Garden Laws"
1331:. Placing the shed limb into water or soil produces
208:(einkorn, emmer, barley). Despite not qualifying as
5460:
The Ex Situ Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources
5152:"Genetic Diversity and the Survival of Populations"
4737:"13. Propagation | NC State Extension Publications"
3257:Norton, C. H.; Cuerrier, A.; Hermanutz, L. (2021).
3088:
3086:
5102:
4817:
4223:
2776:
2446:"gitigaan (ni) | | the Ojibwe People's Dictionary"
1380:can produce many semi-developed clones each year.
998:Indoor gardening is concerned with the growing of
6786:
6591:
5769:
4761:Pierik, R. L. M. (1997), Pierik, R. L. M. (ed.),
4109:Gaia's Garden: A Guide to Home-Scale Permaculture
3996:
3823:
3821:
1611:), climbs over other plants to a sunlit position
164:Gardening can be difficult to differentiate from
8330:
6655:Farmers' Almanac - Plan Your Day. Grow Your Life
5808:
4987:Lewis, W. J.; Alexander, DMcE (11 August 2008).
4880:
3083:
2421:"The Difference Between Farming & Gardening"
770:with flowers planted among them for decoration.
690:and glazed tiles used to decorate the rills and
6360:
6016:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
5203:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
3616:Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
3146:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2982:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2716:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
1713:to prevent pest build-up, using foliar sprays,
982:. In these situations, a staff of gardeners or
153:Gardening varies in scale from the 800 hectare
7252:
6878:"Gardens Simultaneously Calm and Reinvigorate"
5199:"Unraveling the genetic basis of hybrid vigor"
4986:
4623:Lander, Faye; Russell, Thembi (14 June 2018).
4075:"hugelkultur: the ultimate raised garden beds"
3818:
2710:Roebroeks, Wil; Villa, Paola (29 March 2011).
2709:
712:The gardens in the 16th and 17th century were
326:growing next to the various Fuegian shelters.
269:There are long traditions of gardening within
7238:
5336:Ritland, Kermit; Jain, Subodh (August 1981).
4803:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of March 2024 (
4622:
4263:Greiner, Alyson L., 1966- (28 January 2014).
4183:Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society
3904:
2875:
2873:
974:, along transportation corridors, and around
880:increased in popularity in the 19th century.
114:). People often partake in gardening for its
78:, and appearances within a designated space.
8114:List of organic gardening and farming topics
5966:
5743:Bubel, Nancy; Nick, Jean (30 January 2018).
4111:. Chelsea Green Publishing. pp. 84â85.
4042:Boults, Elizabeth and Chip Sullivan (2010).
3911:Scott-James, Anne; Osbert Lancaster (2004).
3810:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3520:Popular Science Monthly Volume 36 April 1890
1998:
1633:, especially very damp lawn lichens such as
1586:are commonly considered to be garden pests.
872:. This is also the time when the so-called "
5335:
4927:
4299:) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4069:
4067:
3860:The Metâs Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
3370:(Master's thesis). Université de Montréal.
2518:
2516:
836:usually included a lake, lawns set against
820:originally laid out in the 18th century by
781:cottager would have included a beehive and
62:is the process of growing plants for their
7245:
7231:
5856:International Journal of Vegetable Science
5668:
4303:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
4295:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2870:
1925:, while international usage uses the term
1898:and garden classrooms to schools, e.g. in
1260:, plastic shelters, seeding trays, indoor
1248:with modern implements, manure spreaders,
857:, and some were Influenced by the classic
686:. Specific to the Islamic gardens are the
27:Practice of growing and cultivating plants
7113:
7072:
6822:
6804:
6708:
6625:
6450:
6337:
6319:
6251:
6053:
6035:
5826:
5742:
5669:Nowak, Josh; Crone, Elizabeth E. (2012).
5568:
5542:
5519:
5501:
5463:. Springer Science & Business Media.
5393:10.2135/cropsci1979.0011183X001900010006x
5240:
5222:
5031:
4963:
4945:
4689:
4666:
4648:
4359:
4177:Hanna, Autumn K.; Oh, Pikai (June 2000).
4037:
4035:
4025:Yves-Marie Allain and Janine Christiany,
3997:Lloyd, Christopher; Richard Bird (1999).
3717:
3494:
3445:
3298:
3181:
3019:
3001:
2913:
2810:
2753:
2735:
2686:
2566:
2548:
2369:
2359:
1759:. They are also used for pest control at
1733:CCI .22LR snake shot loaded with #12 shot
1450:. Each plant varies in its likelihood of
1136:trust by local governments or nonprofits.
6648:
6439:Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection
6432:
5715:
4103:
4097:
4064:
2513:
2240:List of horticulture and gardening books
2008:
1944:
1821:
1728:
1696:
1600:
1496:
1424:
1337:
1231:
988:
947:
932:
808:
801:, were grown entirely for their beauty.
746:
656:. Monasteries carried on a tradition of
635:
529:ponds surrounded by symmetrical rows of
482:
328:
273:spanning from the northernmost parts of
144:
40:
6748:
6674:
5595:Nazarea, Virginia Dimasuay (May 2005).
5594:
5413:
5105:"The genetics of inbreeding depression"
5016:"Grafting Effects on Vegetable Quality"
4889:. Special Issue on Vegetable Grafting.
4505:
4479:
4176:
4044:Illustrated History of Landscape Design
3637:"Nature by Ralph Waldo Emerson | Essay"
3230:
3210:American Academy of Arts & Sciences
3142:"Unearthing the origins of agriculture"
3042:
2936:
1937:the climate and environmental changes.
1291:
1028:with or without the intent of creating
14:
8331:
6875:
6767:
6493:
4760:
4708:
4480:College, Dartmouth (22 January 2023).
4032:
4029:, Citadelles and Mazenod, Paris, 2006.
3699:
3660:
3364:Norton, Christian H. (13 March 2019).
3363:
3049:Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society
2418:
2049:, concrete, or iron. Examples include
1383:
1085:from German, it means "mound garden".
7226:
7189:from the original on 19 December 2017
6888:from the original on 18 December 2020
6709:Vanitzian, Donie (4 September 2016).
6131:from the original on 8 November 2020.
3879:
3583:
3388:
3139:
2879:
2093:, and garden lighting such as candle
1002:within a residence or building, in a
314:mentioned wild edible plants such as
8299:
7036:from the original on 15 January 2023
7006:from the original on 15 January 2023
6857:from the original on 15 January 2023
6768:Kornei, Katherine (20 August 2022).
6729:
6499:
5374:
4612:– via Elsevier Science Direct.
4544:
3761:from the original on 15 January 2023
1413:and this produces varying levels of
1279:
993:An organic garden on a school campus
723:and fountains. In the 17th century,
624:, lilies, myrtle, narcissus, poppy,
8311:
6433:Böckmann, Elias (1 December 2022).
4508:"Ploughs and Ploughing before 1800"
4085:from the original on 7 January 2018
3854:Sellers, Authors: Vanessa Bezemer.
3853:
3835:from the original on 6 October 2018
1433:Many commercially grown plants are
30:For the cryptographic concept, see
24:
6689:
6651:"Best Weather For Gardening Tasks"
6500:Eger, Christopher (28 July 2013).
5062:Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences
4230:Social Policy & Administration
3667:Journal of Ecological Anthropology
3590:. University of California Press.
3584:Zeder, Melinda A. (20 June 2006).
742:
694:that were built in these gardens.
631:
543:Seven Wonders of the Ancient World
525:and landscape design; they depict
244:in Australia. The modern study of
25:
8350:
7204:
6976:from the original on 19 July 2022
6944:from the original on 19 July 2022
6918:from the original on 22 July 2022
6675:Rhoades, Heather (23 July 2021).
6649:Kanuckel, Amber (21 March 2016).
6508:. Outdoor Hub LLC. Archived from
6232:Ecological Solutions and Evidence
4767:In Vitro Culture of Higher Plants
4709:Allard, Robert W. (10 May 1999).
4590:Journal of Archaeological Science
3792:from the original on 12 July 2021
3779:
2880:Smith, Bruce D. (27 March 2011).
2596:Trends in Ecology & Evolution
1774:
1660:is often done through the use of
1166:concepts drawn from the ideas of
509:After the emergence of the first
8310:
8298:
8287:
8286:
8274:
7175:
7130:
7089:
7048:
7018:
6988:
6956:
6930:
6900:
6869:
6839:
6780:
6761:
6742:
6723:
6702:
6683:
6668:
6642:
6585:
6546:
6524:
6467:
6426:
6401:
6354:
6295:
6268:
6219:
6174:
4928:Goldschmidt, Eliezer E. (2014).
4140:from the original on 7 July 2012
3389:Weber, John T. (February 2022).
2419:Bailey, Mark (3 December 2021).
2282:
2270:
1653:growing snail-resistant plants.
1492:
1050:, a garden is created within an
957:Thornbury, South Gloucestershire
883:In ancient India, patterns from
498:
277:down to the southernmost tip of
7061:Frontiers in Sustainable Cities
7026:"The best wildflowers for bees"
6135:
6070:
6003:
5960:
5921:
5882:
5843:
5802:
5763:
5736:
5709:
5675:The American Midland Naturalist
5662:
5628:Plant Systematics and Evolution
5615:
5601:. University of Arizona Press.
5588:
5562:
5536:
5477:
5450:
5422:, Routledge, pp. 233â268,
5407:
5368:
5329:
5282:
5257:
5190:
5143:
5096:
5048:
5007:
4980:
4921:
4874:
4858:
4811:
4754:
4729:
4702:
4683:
4616:
4577:
4538:
4499:
4473:
4448:
4401:
4376:
4311:
4256:
4217:
4170:
4152:
4126:
4019:
3990:
3955:
3935:
3873:
3847:
3773:
3741:Douglas John McConnell (2003).
3734:
3693:
3661:Wagner, John (1 January 2008).
3654:
3629:
3612:"Walden, or, Life in the woods"
3604:
3577:
3552:
3527:
3511:
3462:
3421:
3382:
3357:
3315:
3250:
3224:
3206:"The idea of nature in America"
3198:
3133:
3043:Mellars, Paul (December 1976).
3036:
2969:
2930:
2827:
2770:
2703:
2638:
2425:UF/IFAS Extension Marion County
1647:
804:
590:Gardens were also available in
264:
7211:National Gardening Association
6876:Biddle, Sarah (12 June 2020).
5746:The New Seed-Starters Handbook
4824:Marine Ecology Progress Series
3829:"A Brief History of Gardening"
3780:Stirn, Isma'il Kushkush,Matt.
3700:Janick, Jules (1 April 2013).
2842:, Princeton University Press,
2583:
2488:
2463:
2438:
2412:
2386:
2327:
2301:
2245:List of professional gardeners
1737:
1256:, complex irrigation systems,
1097:. Hugelkultur is practiced by
727:became popular along with the
709:could enjoy nature and relax.
674:were built after the model of
293:societies relied primarily on
13:
1:
6749:Llorico, Abby (16 May 2023).
5868:10.1080/19315260.2017.1319889
4907:10.1016/j.scienta.2010.08.003
4545:Zhao, Zhijun (October 2011).
4414:Soil Biology and Biochemistry
4242:10.1111/1467-9515.t01-1-00253
4160:"What is a community garden?"
3140:Carey, John (11 April 2023).
2295:
1826:Garden at the Schultenhof in
1787:" that is to determine urban
1024:is concerned with the use of
187:
34:. For people who garden, see
6882:Objective Standard Institute
6851:healthtalk.unchealthcare.org
6559:Mental Health Review Journal
6531:Meet the urban sharecroppers
6281:. National Academies Press.
6148:Economic Analysis and Policy
5907:10.21608/agro.2017.1203.1065
5895:Egyptian Journal of Agronomy
5722:. Chelsea Green Publishing.
5375:Jain, S. K. (January 1979).
4867:General Technical Report SRS
4775:10.1007/978-94-011-5750-6_19
4712:Principles of Plant Breeding
4650:10.1371/journal.pone.0198941
4610:10.1016/j.jasrep.2020.102193
4434:10.1016/0038-0717(90)90003-I
4267:(Second ed.). Hoboken.
3564:www1.biologie.uni-hamburg.de
2550:10.1371/journal.pone.0131422
7:
8145:Index of pesticide articles
6806:10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.11.007
6793:Preventive Medicine Reports
6610:10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.11.007
6598:Preventive Medicine Reports
5981:10.1007/978-90-481-3983-5_6
5828:10.3390/agriculture13081488
5687:10.1674/0003-0031-167.1.205
5569:SITNFlash (9 August 2015).
5543:SITNFlash (9 August 2015).
5414:Shigeta, Masayoshi (1996),
4265:Visualizing human geography
4027:L'Art des jardins en Europe
2187:
1958:
1929:for these same activities.
1542:Garden pests are generally
1299:occurs when plants produce
937:Conservatory of Flowers in
863:Lancelot 'Capability' Brown
10:
8355:
7289:Climate-friendly gardening
6452:10.1007/s41348-022-00644-1
5788:10.21273/HORTTECH.10.1.131
5716:Ashworth, Suzanne (2002).
5490:Frontiers in Plant Science
5033:10.21273/HORTSCI.43.6.1670
4934:Frontiers in Plant Science
4777:(inactive 22 March 2024),
4344:10.1038/s41598-019-47861-7
4195:10.1177/027046760002000308
3919:Frances Lincoln Publishers
3283:10.1007/s12231-021-09530-7
2616:10.1016/j.tree.2021.11.002
2108:
2002:
1741:
1345:growing from nodes from a
1335:and causes roots to form.
1274:genetically modified seeds
1154:genetically modified crops
899:
539:Hanging Gardens of Babylon
476:
472:
191:
110:, and saleable goods (see
29:
8268:
8190:
8165:Plant disease forecasting
8127:
8119:Vegan organic agriculture
8094:
7969:Genetically modified tree
7856:
7399:
7264:
7074:10.3389/frsc.2022.1099100
6571:10.1108/MHRJ-02-2013-0007
6160:10.1016/j.eap.2022.12.007
5648:10.1007/s00606-008-0067-2
5503:10.3389/fpls.2023.1217547
5082:10.1080/07352680802053940
4715:. John Wiley & Sons.
4690:F. Frolik, Elvin (1977).
3719:10.21273/HORTSCI.48.4.406
3496:10.1007/s10745-018-0044-5
3231:Sapiens (20 April 2022).
3061:10.1017/S0079497X00010689
2937:Rolland, Nicolas (2004).
2104:
2032:There is a wide range of
1999:Ornaments and accessories
777:Authentic gardens of the
652:and/or decorating church
32:Gardening (cryptanalysis)
6698:. Yellowstone Landscape.
6696:yellowstonelandscape.com
6502:"Marlin 25MG Garden Gun"
6037:10.1073/pnas.94.23.12243
5428:10.4324/9781003135746-11
4763:"Vegetative propagation"
4134:"Greening the Desert II"
3679:10.5038/2162-4593.12.1.2
2235:List of gardening topics
1811:right of free expression
1783:as the debate over the "
1537:
1208:
895:
834:English landscape garden
640:A gardener at work, 1607
517:tomb paintings from the
6738:. Earth Island Journal.
6379:10.1126/science.aar3780
6253:10.1002/2688-8319.12132
6106:10.1126/science.1215039
5946:10.1525/bio.2012.62.7.8
5224:10.1073/pnas.0605627103
5109:Nature Reviews Genetics
4947:10.3389/fpls.2014.00727
4506:Fussell, G. E. (1966).
3984:15 January 2023 at the
3961:Colvin, Howard (2008).
3880:Ryrie, Charlie (2004).
3233:"The Yaghan Rise Again"
3166:10.1073/pnas.2304407120
3003:10.1073/pnas.0804757105
2737:10.1073/pnas.1018116108
2250:Master gardener program
2019:Belfast Botanic Gardens
1724:biological pest control
1125:. It is also a form of
986:maintains the gardens.
620:, hyacinth, iris, ivy,
549:had dozens of gardens.
194:Indigenous horticulture
182:subsistence agriculture
45:A gardener maintaining
8104:Biodynamic agriculture
8041:Postharvest physiology
7989:Landscape architecture
7686:Indonesian home garden
6321:10.3390/ijerph18031112
4887:Scientia Horticulturae
3747:. Ashgate. p. 1.
3434:Plants, People, Planet
2898:10.1098/rstb.2010.0253
2795:10.1098/rstb.2010.0307
2671:10.1126/sciadv.abj5567
2361:10.1186/2047-2382-3-20
2340:Environmental Evidence
2111:Landscape architecture
2029:
1835:
1832:North Rhine-Westphalia
1734:
1702:
1668:, which may be either
1612:
1506:
1503:Anacardium occidentale
1443:open pollinated plants
1430:
1355:
1313:vegetative propagation
1264:, packaging, chemical
1237:
1022:Native plant gardening
994:
959:
945:
824:
755:
641:
495:
334:
150:
54:
7351:Historic conservation
6536:31 March 2012 at the
6506:Marlin Firearms Forum
3967:Yale University Press
3407:10.1139/cjb-2021-0086
3327:. Oxbow Books. 2016.
2848:10.1515/9781400847266
2012:
1945:Laws and restrictions
1918:landscape maintenance
1825:
1732:
1700:
1604:
1500:
1460:artificially selected
1428:
1406:inbreeding depression
1341:
1242:industrial revolution
1235:
992:
951:
936:
847:garden à la française
814:Sheffield Park Garden
812:
750:
639:
486:
345:ecosystems. From the
332:
233:hunting and gathering
178:community consumption
148:
44:
8281:Gardening portal
8180:Aquamog weed remover
8155:List of insecticides
7032:. 16 November 2022.
6512:on 18 September 2016
6415:on 18 September 2010
4870:. The Station. 1999.
4741:content.ces.ncsu.edu
4551:Current Anthropology
4512:Agricultural History
4136:. 11 December 2009.
3786:Smithsonian Magazine
3099:Current Anthropology
2398:Palace of Versailles
2178:landscape architects
1691:pesticide resistance
1618:Tropaeolum speciosum
1608:Tropaeolum speciosum
1464:genetic modification
1297:Asexual reproduction
1292:Asexual reproduction
1160:Biodynamic gardening
1123:carbon sequestration
1072:raised bed gardening
902:List of garden types
751:A cottage garden in
490:'s forest garden in
479:History of gardening
271:Indigenous societies
7217:Manual of Gardening
6244:2022EcoSE...3E2132H
6098:2012Sci...336..348H
6028:1997PNAS...9412243L
6022:(23): 12243â12248.
5640:2008PSyEv.275..231V
5575:Science in the News
5549:Science in the News
5354:10.1038/hdy.1981.57
5307:10.1038/hdy.2008.77
5215:2006PNAS..10312957B
5209:(35): 12957â12958.
5176:10.1055/s-2000-5958
5168:2000PlBio...2..379B
5074:2008CRvPS..27...50D
5058:"Cucurbit Grafting"
4993:. Landlinks Press.
4899:2010ScHor.127...93L
4836:1999MEPS..182..299C
4641:2018PLoSO..1398941L
4602:2020JArSR..30j2193L
4426:1990SBiBi..22..595A
4336:2019NatSR...911665O
4166:on 4 December 2007.
4048:John Wiley and Sons
3888:Collins & Brown
3641:Ralph Waldo Emerson
3487:2019HumEc..47...81B
3333:10.2307/j.ctvh1dmjj
3275:2021EcBot..75..287N
3158:2023PNAS..12004407C
3152:(15): e2304407120.
2994:2008PNAS..10514796B
2988:(39): 14796â14801.
2728:2011PNAS..108.5209R
2663:2021SciA....7.5567R
2608:2022TEcoE..37..268A
2541:2015PLoSO..1031422S
2352:2014EnvEv...3...20L
2017:at Palm House, the
1817:Community gardening
1642:P. membranacea
1391:occurs through the
1389:Sexual reproduction
1384:Sexual reproduction
1190:Jean-Martin Fortier
1133:Community gardening
1058:Container gardening
976:tourist attractions
761:, which emerged in
596:Musawwarat es-Sufra
222:hominin use of fire
210:plant domestication
8150:List of fungicides
7915:Companion planting
7115:10.3390/su10062047
6730:Linnekin, Baylen.
6543:, 4 September 2008
5269:www.britannica.com
4844:10.3354/meps182299
4460:Gardening at USask
4324:Scientific Reports
4003:Dorling Kindersley
3999:The Cottage Garden
3946:The Cottage Garden
3447:10.1002/ppp3.10291
2943:Asian Perspectives
2840:Niche Construction
2500:www.britannica.com
2475:www.britannica.com
2450:ojibwe.lib.umn.edu
2313:www.britannica.com
2225:Introduced species
2176:, England. Today,
2160:flower arrangement
2121:garden maintenance
2067:outdoor fireplaces
2030:
1836:
1791:and whether hyper
1735:
1715:companion planting
1703:
1613:
1605:The flame flower (
1507:
1431:
1356:
1254:two-wheel tractors
1238:
995:
968:zoological gardens
960:
946:
825:
756:
642:
496:
335:
242:fire stick farming
151:
55:
8326:
8325:
8198:Community orchard
8024:drought tolerance
7163:Missing or empty
7030:icanlawn.com Blog
6972:. 13 April 2022.
6716:Los Angeles Times
6373:(6390): 728â732.
6288:978-0-309-03627-6
6207:Missing or empty
6092:(6079): 348â350.
5990:978-90-481-3983-5
5756:978-1-63565-104-1
5729:978-1-882424-58-0
5608:978-0-8165-2435-8
5470:978-94-011-4136-9
5437:978-1-003-13574-6
5420:Redefining Nature
5000:978-0-643-09899-2
4784:978-94-011-5750-6
4722:978-0-471-02309-8
4557:(S4): S295âS306.
4274:978-1-118-52656-9
4118:978-1-60358-029-8
4057:978-0-470-28933-4
4012:978-0-7513-0702-3
3928:978-0-7112-2360-8
3897:978-1-84340-216-9
3597:978-0-520-24638-6
3342:978-1-78570-123-8
2892:(1566): 836â848.
2857:978-1-4008-4726-6
2789:(1566): 849â862.
2722:(13): 5209â5214.
2315:. 10 January 2024
1983:, but worryingly
1807:Charter of Rights
1656:On a large scale
1483:saskatoon berries
1415:genetic diversity
1305:natural selection
1280:Plant Propagation
1276:, and many more.
1150:Organic gardening
964:botanical gardens
763:Elizabethan times
561:, nut trees, and
159:container gardens
16:(Redirected from
8346:
8314:
8313:
8302:
8301:
8290:
8289:
8279:
8278:
8255:Plant collecting
8191:Related articles
8128:Plant protection
7309:French intensive
7247:
7240:
7233:
7224:
7223:
7199:
7198:
7196:
7194:
7179:
7173:
7172:
7166:
7161:
7159:
7151:
7149:
7147:
7138:academic.oup.com
7134:
7128:
7127:
7117:
7093:
7087:
7086:
7076:
7052:
7046:
7045:
7043:
7041:
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7016:
7015:
7013:
7011:
6992:
6986:
6985:
6983:
6981:
6960:
6954:
6953:
6951:
6949:
6940:. 16 July 2022.
6934:
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6759:
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6740:
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6706:
6700:
6699:
6690:Barnes, Joseph.
6687:
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6672:
6666:
6665:
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6646:
6640:
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6629:
6589:
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6550:
6544:
6528:
6522:
6521:
6519:
6517:
6497:
6491:
6490:
6488:
6486:
6477:. Archived from
6471:
6465:
6464:
6454:
6445:(6): 1401â1415.
6430:
6424:
6423:
6421:
6420:
6411:. Archived from
6405:
6399:
6398:
6358:
6352:
6351:
6341:
6323:
6299:
6293:
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6272:
6266:
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6182:academic.oup.com
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5280:
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5255:
5254:
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5226:
5194:
5188:
5187:
5147:
5141:
5140:
5100:
5094:
5093:
5052:
5046:
5045:
5035:
5026:(6): 1670â1672.
5011:
5005:
5004:
4984:
4978:
4977:
4967:
4949:
4925:
4919:
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4878:
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4855:
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4706:
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4380:
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4309:
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4174:
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4150:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4130:
4124:
4122:
4101:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4079:www.richsoil.com
4071:
4062:
4061:
4039:
4030:
4023:
4017:
4016:
4005:. pp. 6â9.
4001:. Jacqui Hurst.
3994:
3988:
3959:
3953:
3942:Anne Scott-James
3939:
3933:
3932:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3877:
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3418:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3361:
3355:
3354:
3319:
3313:
3312:
3302:
3269:(3â4): 287â301.
3254:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3202:
3196:
3195:
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3137:
3131:
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3090:
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2774:
2768:
2767:
2757:
2739:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2690:
2657:(51): eabj5567.
2651:Science Advances
2642:
2636:
2635:
2587:
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2580:
2570:
2552:
2520:
2511:
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2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2305:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2275:
2274:
2266:
2255:No-dig gardening
2230:Impact gardening
2182:garden designers
2055:garden furniture
2034:garden ornaments
2023:Northern Ireland
1479:hard neck garlic
1401:self pollination
1301:clonal offspring
1227:green revolution
1194:Connor Crickmore
1186:Masanobu Fukuoka
1178:No-dig gardening
1103:forest gardening
1030:wildlife habitat
1016:winter gardening
1012:air conditioning
939:Golden Gate Park
822:Capability Brown
818:landscape garden
735:, marigolds and
515:Ancient Egyptian
504:Forest gardening
238:forest gardening
204:Southwest Asian
157:gardens down to
112:market gardening
86:pleasing areas,
21:
8354:
8353:
8349:
8348:
8347:
8345:
8344:
8343:
8329:
8328:
8327:
8322:
8273:
8264:
8260:Turf management
8245:Lists of plants
8240:List of gardens
8186:
8123:
8090:
7852:
7402:
7395:
7260:
7251:
7207:
7202:
7192:
7190:
7181:
7180:
7176:
7164:
7162:
7153:
7152:
7145:
7143:
7136:
7135:
7131:
7094:
7090:
7053:
7049:
7039:
7037:
7024:
7023:
7019:
7009:
7007:
6994:
6993:
6989:
6979:
6977:
6962:
6961:
6957:
6947:
6945:
6936:
6935:
6931:
6921:
6919:
6906:
6905:
6901:
6891:
6889:
6874:
6870:
6860:
6858:
6853:. 18 May 2020.
6845:
6844:
6840:
6785:
6781:
6766:
6762:
6747:
6743:
6736:earthisland.org
6728:
6724:
6707:
6703:
6688:
6684:
6673:
6669:
6659:
6657:
6647:
6643:
6590:
6586:
6551:
6547:
6538:Wayback Machine
6529:
6525:
6515:
6513:
6498:
6494:
6484:
6482:
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5283:
5273:
5271:
5263:
5262:
5258:
5195:
5191:
5148:
5144:
5121:10.1038/nrg2664
5115:(11): 783â796.
5101:
5097:
5053:
5049:
5012:
5008:
5001:
4985:
4981:
4926:
4922:
4879:
4875:
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4707:
4703:
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4684:
4635:(6): e0198941.
4621:
4617:
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4543:
4539:
4504:
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4490:
4488:
4478:
4474:
4464:
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4119:
4102:
4098:
4088:
4086:
4073:
4072:
4065:
4058:
4050:. p. 175.
4040:
4033:
4024:
4020:
4013:
3995:
3991:
3986:Wayback Machine
3960:
3956:
3940:
3936:
3929:
3909:
3905:
3898:
3878:
3874:
3864:
3862:
3852:
3848:
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3321:
3320:
3316:
3263:Economic Botany
3255:
3251:
3241:
3239:
3229:
3225:
3215:
3213:
3204:
3203:
3199:
3138:
3134:
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2775:
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2704:
2643:
2639:
2588:
2584:
2535:(7): e0131422.
2521:
2514:
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2259:
2190:
2117:
2115:Jupiter Artland
2107:
2039:stainless steel
2027:garden ornament
2007:
2005:Garden ornament
2001:
1961:
1947:
1923:grounds keeping
1900:Fergus, Ontario
1856:leyland cypress
1777:
1746:
1740:
1650:
1540:
1516:plant nurseries
1495:
1420:Crossing plants
1386:
1294:
1282:
1211:
1196:, Jesse Frost,
1182:Charles Dowding
1119:desert greening
1115:dryland farming
1113:as a method of
1101:as a method of
1062:hanging baskets
1040:Water gardening
972:amusement parks
953:Hanging baskets
904:
898:
885:sacred geometry
859:Chinese gardens
855:Nicolas Poussin
851:Claude Lorraine
838:groves of trees
807:
759:Cottage gardens
745:
743:Cottage gardens
680:reflecting pool
676:Persian gardens
672:Islamic gardens
650:medicinal herbs
634:
632:The Middle Ages
501:
481:
475:
360:New World crops
267:
196:
190:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8352:
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8235:Garden tourism
8232:
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8225:Groundskeeping
8222:
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8033:
8032:
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8026:
8021:
8016:
8014:free-flowering
8011:
8006:
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7991:
7986:
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7765:
7760:
7755:
7750:
7745:
7740:
7735:
7730:
7725:
7720:
7715:
7710:
7709:
7708:
7703:
7698:
7688:
7683:
7678:
7673:
7668:
7663:
7658:
7653:
7648:
7643:
7638:
7633:
7628:
7623:
7618:
7613:
7608:
7603:
7602:
7601:
7596:
7591:
7583:
7578:
7573:
7568:
7567:
7566:
7556:
7555:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7543:
7542:
7537:
7527:
7526:
7525:
7510:
7505:
7500:
7495:
7490:
7489:
7488:
7478:
7473:
7468:
7463:
7458:
7453:
7448:
7443:
7438:
7433:
7428:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7407:
7405:
7397:
7396:
7394:
7393:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7331:Groundskeeping
7328:
7327:
7326:
7324:computer-aided
7316:
7311:
7306:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7281:
7276:
7270:
7268:
7262:
7261:
7250:
7249:
7242:
7235:
7227:
7221:
7220:
7214:
7206:
7205:External links
7203:
7201:
7200:
7174:
7129:
7102:Sustainability
7088:
7047:
7017:
7000:www.rhs.org.uk
6987:
6955:
6929:
6899:
6868:
6838:
6779:
6760:
6741:
6722:
6701:
6682:
6667:
6641:
6584:
6565:(4): 214â225.
6545:
6523:
6492:
6481:on 29 May 2014
6466:
6425:
6400:
6353:
6294:
6287:
6267:
6218:
6173:
6134:
6069:
6002:
5989:
5959:
5940:(7): 658â666.
5920:
5901:(2): 203â219.
5881:
5862:(5): 471â485.
5842:
5801:
5782:(1): 131â135.
5776:HortTechnology
5762:
5755:
5735:
5728:
5708:
5681:(1): 205â209.
5661:
5634:(3): 231â243.
5614:
5607:
5587:
5561:
5535:
5476:
5469:
5449:
5436:
5406:
5367:
5328:
5301:(5): 445â452.
5281:
5256:
5189:
5162:(4): 379â395.
5142:
5095:
5047:
5006:
4999:
4979:
4920:
4873:
4857:
4810:
4783:
4753:
4728:
4721:
4701:
4682:
4615:
4576:
4563:10.1086/659308
4537:
4518:(3): 177â186.
4498:
4472:
4447:
4420:(5): 595â599.
4400:
4375:
4310:
4273:
4255:
4236:(5): 559â568.
4216:
4189:(3): 207â216.
4169:
4151:
4125:
4117:
4105:Hemenway, Toby
4096:
4063:
4056:
4031:
4018:
4011:
3989:
3954:
3934:
3927:
3921:. p. 80.
3903:
3896:
3872:
3846:
3817:
3772:
3753:
3733:
3712:(4): 406â412.
3692:
3653:
3628:
3603:
3596:
3576:
3551:
3526:
3510:
3461:
3440:(6): 558â578.
3420:
3401:(2): 175â182.
3381:
3356:
3341:
3314:
3249:
3223:
3197:
3132:
3111:10.1086/681561
3105:(3): 299â326.
3082:
3035:
2968:
2949:(2): 248â280.
2929:
2869:
2856:
2826:
2769:
2702:
2637:
2602:(3): 268â279.
2582:
2512:
2487:
2462:
2437:
2411:
2400:. 28 June 2021
2385:
2326:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2279:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2215:Garden writing
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2106:
2103:
2003:Main article:
2000:
1997:
1960:
1957:
1946:
1943:
1904:Garden sharing
1781:urban planning
1776:
1775:Social aspects
1773:
1742:Main article:
1739:
1736:
1649:
1646:
1539:
1536:
1520:big-box stores
1512:garden centers
1494:
1491:
1475:stratification
1385:
1382:
1293:
1290:
1284:Plants may be
1281:
1278:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1175:
1171:
1168:Rudolf Steiner
1157:
1147:
1140:Garden sharing
1137:
1130:
1065:
1055:
1037:
1019:
984:groundskeepers
900:Main article:
897:
894:
806:
803:
744:
741:
633:
630:
500:
497:
477:Main article:
474:
471:
347:boreal forests
266:
263:
250:agroecological
192:Main article:
189:
186:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8351:
8340:
8337:
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8334:
8319:
8318:
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8271:
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8256:
8253:
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8248:
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8241:
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8236:
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8231:
8230:Garden centre
8228:
8226:
8223:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8211:
8210:
8209:
8208:Floral design
8206:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
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8193:
8189:
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8176:
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8126:
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8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8101:
8099:
8097:
8093:
8087:
8084:
8082:
8079:
8075:
8074:reforestation
8072:
8070:
8067:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8056:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8044:
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8039:
8037:
8034:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8017:
8015:
8012:
8010:
8007:
8005:
8002:
8001:
8000:
7997:
7995:
7992:
7990:
7987:
7985:
7984:Intercropping
7982:
7980:
7977:
7975:
7972:
7970:
7967:
7965:
7962:
7960:
7957:
7953:
7950:
7948:
7945:
7944:
7943:
7940:
7938:
7935:
7933:
7930:
7926:
7925:most valuable
7923:
7922:
7921:
7918:
7916:
7913:
7911:
7908:
7904:
7901:
7900:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7893:Arboriculture
7891:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7868:
7867:
7864:
7863:
7861:
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7849:
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7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
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7811:
7809:
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7784:
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7779:
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7756:
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7751:
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7731:
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7711:
7707:
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7699:
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7694:
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7684:
7682:
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7674:
7672:
7669:
7667:
7664:
7662:
7659:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7649:
7647:
7644:
7642:
7639:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7627:
7624:
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7614:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7604:
7600:
7597:
7595:
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7590:
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7586:
7584:
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7533:
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7528:
7524:
7521:
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7516:
7515:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7504:
7501:
7499:
7496:
7494:
7491:
7487:
7486:Garden square
7484:
7483:
7482:
7479:
7477:
7474:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7462:
7459:
7457:
7454:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7444:
7442:
7439:
7437:
7434:
7432:
7429:
7427:
7424:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7416:Ancient Egypt
7414:
7412:
7409:
7408:
7406:
7404:
7398:
7392:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
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7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7354:
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7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7325:
7322:
7321:
7320:
7319:Garden design
7317:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7307:
7305:
7302:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
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7269:
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7212:
7209:
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7157:
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7139:
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7125:
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7111:
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7103:
7099:
7092:
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7080:
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7070:
7066:
7062:
7058:
7051:
7035:
7031:
7027:
7021:
7005:
7001:
6997:
6991:
6975:
6971:
6970:
6965:
6959:
6943:
6939:
6933:
6917:
6913:
6909:
6903:
6887:
6883:
6879:
6872:
6856:
6852:
6848:
6842:
6834:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6816:
6812:
6807:
6802:
6798:
6794:
6790:
6783:
6775:
6774:civileats.com
6771:
6764:
6756:
6752:
6745:
6737:
6733:
6726:
6718:
6717:
6712:
6705:
6697:
6693:
6686:
6678:
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6656:
6652:
6645:
6637:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6619:
6615:
6611:
6607:
6603:
6599:
6595:
6588:
6580:
6576:
6572:
6568:
6564:
6560:
6556:
6549:
6542:
6539:
6535:
6532:
6527:
6511:
6507:
6503:
6496:
6480:
6476:
6470:
6462:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6444:
6440:
6436:
6429:
6414:
6410:
6404:
6396:
6392:
6388:
6384:
6380:
6376:
6372:
6368:
6364:
6357:
6349:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6331:
6327:
6322:
6317:
6313:
6309:
6305:
6298:
6290:
6284:
6280:
6279:
6271:
6263:
6259:
6254:
6249:
6245:
6241:
6237:
6233:
6229:
6222:
6214:
6201:
6186:
6183:
6177:
6169:
6165:
6161:
6157:
6153:
6149:
6145:
6138:
6127:
6123:
6119:
6115:
6111:
6107:
6103:
6099:
6095:
6091:
6087:
6080:
6073:
6065:
6061:
6056:
6051:
6047:
6043:
6038:
6033:
6029:
6025:
6021:
6017:
6013:
6006:
5992:
5986:
5982:
5978:
5974:
5970:
5963:
5955:
5951:
5947:
5943:
5939:
5935:
5931:
5924:
5916:
5912:
5908:
5904:
5900:
5896:
5892:
5885:
5877:
5873:
5869:
5865:
5861:
5857:
5853:
5846:
5838:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5820:
5816:
5812:
5805:
5797:
5793:
5789:
5785:
5781:
5777:
5773:
5766:
5758:
5752:
5748:
5747:
5739:
5731:
5725:
5721:
5720:
5712:
5704:
5700:
5696:
5692:
5688:
5684:
5680:
5676:
5672:
5665:
5657:
5653:
5649:
5645:
5641:
5637:
5633:
5629:
5625:
5618:
5610:
5604:
5600:
5599:
5591:
5576:
5572:
5565:
5550:
5546:
5539:
5531:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5513:
5509:
5504:
5499:
5495:
5491:
5487:
5480:
5472:
5466:
5462:
5461:
5453:
5439:
5433:
5429:
5425:
5421:
5417:
5410:
5402:
5398:
5394:
5390:
5386:
5382:
5378:
5371:
5363:
5359:
5355:
5351:
5347:
5343:
5339:
5332:
5324:
5320:
5316:
5312:
5308:
5304:
5300:
5296:
5292:
5285:
5270:
5266:
5260:
5252:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5234:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5216:
5212:
5208:
5204:
5200:
5193:
5185:
5181:
5177:
5173:
5169:
5165:
5161:
5157:
5156:Plant Biology
5153:
5146:
5138:
5134:
5130:
5126:
5122:
5118:
5114:
5110:
5106:
5099:
5091:
5087:
5083:
5079:
5075:
5071:
5067:
5063:
5059:
5051:
5043:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5025:
5021:
5017:
5010:
5002:
4996:
4992:
4991:
4983:
4975:
4971:
4966:
4961:
4957:
4953:
4948:
4943:
4939:
4935:
4931:
4924:
4916:
4912:
4908:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4893:(2): 93â105.
4892:
4888:
4884:
4877:
4869:
4868:
4861:
4853:
4849:
4845:
4841:
4837:
4833:
4829:
4825:
4821:
4814:
4806:
4800:
4786:
4780:
4776:
4772:
4768:
4764:
4757:
4742:
4738:
4732:
4724:
4718:
4714:
4713:
4705:
4697:
4693:
4686:
4678:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4660:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4642:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4626:
4619:
4611:
4607:
4603:
4599:
4595:
4591:
4587:
4580:
4572:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4552:
4548:
4541:
4533:
4529:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4502:
4487:
4483:
4476:
4461:
4457:
4451:
4443:
4439:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4404:
4389:
4385:
4379:
4371:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4321:
4314:
4306:
4302:
4298:
4292:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4270:
4266:
4259:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4235:
4231:
4227:
4220:
4212:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4180:
4173:
4165:
4161:
4155:
4139:
4135:
4129:
4120:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4100:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4070:
4068:
4059:
4053:
4049:
4045:
4038:
4036:
4028:
4022:
4014:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3993:
3987:
3983:
3980:
3976:
3975:0-300-12508-9
3972:
3968:
3964:
3958:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3938:
3930:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3915:
3907:
3899:
3893:
3890:. p. 7.
3889:
3885:
3884:
3876:
3861:
3857:
3850:
3834:
3830:
3824:
3822:
3813:
3807:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3776:
3760:
3756:
3754:9780754609582
3750:
3746:
3745:
3737:
3729:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3711:
3707:
3703:
3696:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3657:
3642:
3638:
3632:
3617:
3613:
3607:
3599:
3593:
3589:
3588:
3580:
3565:
3561:
3555:
3540:
3539:patlibros.org
3536:
3530:
3522:
3521:
3514:
3506:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3476:
3475:Human Ecology
3472:
3465:
3457:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3431:
3424:
3416:
3412:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3385:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3368:
3360:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3325:
3318:
3310:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3253:
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3234:
3227:
3211:
3207:
3201:
3193:
3189:
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3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
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3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3136:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3089:
3087:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3039:
3031:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2972:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2933:
2925:
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2916:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2876:
2874:
2859:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2830:
2822:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2773:
2765:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2706:
2698:
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2680:
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2668:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2641:
2633:
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2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2597:
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2578:
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2569:
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2546:
2542:
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2534:
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2526:
2519:
2517:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2476:
2472:
2466:
2451:
2447:
2441:
2426:
2422:
2415:
2399:
2395:
2394:"The Gardens"
2389:
2381:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2330:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2300:
2290:
2280:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2172:, France, or
2171:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2112:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2047:stained glass
2044:
2040:
2035:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2011:
2006:
1996:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1956:
1953:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1913:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1745:
1731:
1727:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1711:crop rotation
1708:
1699:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1678:neonicotinoid
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1637:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1619:
1610:
1609:
1603:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1513:
1504:
1499:
1493:Transplanting
1490:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1471:scarification
1467:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1427:
1423:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1381:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1325:fragmentation
1322:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1289:
1287:
1277:
1275:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1258:plastic mulch
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1234:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1203:
1199:
1198:Elaine Ingham
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1087:Toby Hemenway
1084:
1081:. An English
1080:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1034:native faunal
1031:
1027:
1026:native plants
1023:
1020:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
996:
991:
987:
985:
981:
980:garden hotels
977:
973:
969:
965:
958:
954:
950:
944:
943:San Francisco
940:
935:
931:
929:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
903:
893:
890:
886:
881:
879:
875:
871:
866:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
843:
839:
835:
831:
823:
819:
815:
811:
802:
800:
796:
795:sweet William
792:
788:
784:
780:
775:
773:
768:
764:
760:
754:
749:
740:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
717:
715:
710:
708:
704:
700:
695:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
667:
663:
659:
658:garden design
655:
651:
647:
638:
629:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
602:Ancient Roman
599:
597:
593:
588:
586:
582:
578:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
557:, sycamores,
556:
550:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
511:civilizations
507:
505:
499:Ancient times
493:
489:
485:
480:
470:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
356:three sisters
353:
348:
344:
340:
331:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
262:
260:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
234:
230:
225:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
202:
195:
185:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
162:
160:
156:
147:
143:
141:
137:
136:environmental
133:
132:philosophical
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
84:aesthetically
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
61:
57:
52:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
8315:
8303:
8291:
8272:
8175:Weed control
8064:horticulture
7994:Olericulture
7974:Hydroculture
7964:Fruticulture
7942:Floriculture
7871:Permaculture
7858:Horticulture
7265:
7257:
7254:Horticulture
7191:. Retrieved
7177:
7165:|title=
7144:. Retrieved
7137:
7132:
7105:
7101:
7091:
7064:
7060:
7050:
7038:. Retrieved
7029:
7020:
7008:. Retrieved
6999:
6990:
6978:. Retrieved
6967:
6958:
6946:. Retrieved
6932:
6920:. Retrieved
6911:
6902:
6890:. Retrieved
6881:
6871:
6859:. Retrieved
6850:
6841:
6796:
6792:
6782:
6773:
6763:
6754:
6744:
6735:
6725:
6714:
6704:
6695:
6685:
6670:
6658:. Retrieved
6654:
6644:
6601:
6597:
6587:
6562:
6558:
6548:
6541:The Guardian
6540:
6526:
6516:17 September
6514:. Retrieved
6510:the original
6505:
6495:
6483:. Retrieved
6479:the original
6475:"Mole-ested"
6469:
6442:
6438:
6428:
6417:. Retrieved
6413:the original
6403:
6370:
6366:
6356:
6311:
6307:
6297:
6277:
6270:
6235:
6231:
6221:
6209:|title=
6188:. Retrieved
6181:
6176:
6151:
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6089:
6085:
6072:
6019:
6015:
6005:
5994:, retrieved
5972:
5962:
5937:
5933:
5923:
5898:
5894:
5884:
5859:
5855:
5845:
5818:
5814:
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5779:
5775:
5765:
5745:
5738:
5718:
5711:
5678:
5674:
5664:
5631:
5627:
5617:
5597:
5590:
5578:. Retrieved
5574:
5564:
5552:. Retrieved
5548:
5538:
5493:
5489:
5479:
5459:
5452:
5441:, retrieved
5419:
5409:
5387:(1): 23â26.
5384:
5381:Crop Science
5380:
5370:
5348:(1): 35â52.
5345:
5341:
5331:
5298:
5294:
5284:
5272:. Retrieved
5268:
5259:
5206:
5202:
5192:
5159:
5155:
5145:
5112:
5108:
5098:
5068:(1): 50â74.
5065:
5061:
5050:
5023:
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5009:
4989:
4982:
4937:
4933:
4923:
4890:
4886:
4876:
4866:
4860:
4827:
4823:
4813:
4788:, retrieved
4766:
4756:
4744:. Retrieved
4740:
4731:
4711:
4704:
4695:
4685:
4632:
4628:
4618:
4593:
4589:
4579:
4554:
4550:
4540:
4515:
4511:
4501:
4489:. Retrieved
4486:SciTechDaily
4485:
4475:
4463:. Retrieved
4459:
4450:
4417:
4413:
4403:
4391:. Retrieved
4388:www.eesi.org
4387:
4378:
4330:(1): 11665.
4327:
4323:
4313:
4264:
4258:
4233:
4229:
4219:
4186:
4182:
4172:
4164:the original
4154:
4142:. Retrieved
4128:
4108:
4099:
4087:. Retrieved
4078:
4043:
4026:
4021:
3998:
3992:
3962:
3957:
3945:
3937:
3913:
3906:
3882:
3875:
3863:. Retrieved
3859:
3849:
3837:. Retrieved
3794:. Retrieved
3785:
3775:
3763:. Retrieved
3743:
3736:
3709:
3705:
3695:
3673:(1): 22â38.
3670:
3666:
3656:
3644:. Retrieved
3640:
3631:
3619:. Retrieved
3615:
3606:
3586:
3579:
3567:. Retrieved
3563:
3554:
3542:. Retrieved
3538:
3529:
3519:
3513:
3481:(1): 81â93.
3478:
3474:
3464:
3437:
3433:
3423:
3398:
3394:
3384:
3366:
3359:
3323:
3317:
3266:
3262:
3252:
3240:. Retrieved
3236:
3226:
3214:. Retrieved
3212:. 1 May 2008
3209:
3200:
3149:
3145:
3135:
3102:
3098:
3052:
3048:
3038:
2985:
2981:
2971:
2946:
2942:
2932:
2889:
2885:
2861:, retrieved
2839:
2829:
2786:
2782:
2772:
2719:
2715:
2705:
2654:
2650:
2640:
2599:
2595:
2585:
2532:
2528:
2503:. Retrieved
2499:
2490:
2478:. Retrieved
2474:
2465:
2453:. Retrieved
2449:
2440:
2428:. Retrieved
2424:
2414:
2402:. Retrieved
2397:
2388:
2343:
2339:
2329:
2317:. Retrieved
2312:
2303:
2163:
2149:
2120:
2118:
2031:
2013:A classical
1993:
1978:
1974:
1962:
1948:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1910:
1908:
1837:
1815:
1800:weed control
1778:
1747:
1704:
1658:pest control
1655:
1651:
1648:Pest control
1641:
1634:
1616:
1614:
1606:
1595:Brassicaceae
1588:
1564:spider mites
1554:(frequently
1541:
1528:potting soil
1524:
1508:
1502:
1487:endozoochory
1468:
1432:
1387:
1378:mother plant
1373:backcrossing
1357:
1350:
1309:hybrid vigor
1295:
1283:
1239:
1223:foot ploughs
1212:
1202:soil biology
1111:Geoff Lawton
1107:agroforestry
1091:permaculture
1004:conservatory
961:
905:
882:
878:Rock gardens
867:
826:
805:18th century
776:
772:Farm workers
757:
725:knot gardens
718:
711:
696:
670:
643:
600:
589:
579:
551:
547:ancient Rome
541:âone of the
523:horticulture
508:
502:
384:
372:philosophers
352:successional
336:
268:
265:The Americas
246:fire ecology
226:
197:
163:
152:
59:
58:
56:
8317:WikiProject
8086:Monoculture
8081:Viticulture
8059:agriculture
8019:propagation
7959:HĂŒgelkultur
7881:sustainable
7866:Agriculture
7808:Therapeutic
7788:Shakespeare
7599:Renaissance
7391:Xeriscaping
7386:Sustainable
7381:Square foot
7371:Proplifting
7336:Garden tool
7304:Foodscaping
7108:(6): 2047.
7040:22 December
7010:22 December
6892:20 February
6861:20 February
6314:(3): 1112.
6154:: 851â862.
5821:(8): 1488.
5815:Agriculture
5020:HortScience
4830:: 299â303.
3706:HortScience
3646:18 February
3621:18 February
3569:18 February
3544:18 February
3351:j.ctvh1dmjj
3242:18 February
3216:18 February
2863:18 February
2505:17 February
2480:17 February
2455:16 February
2430:16 February
2371:10871/19910
2289:Agriculture
2210:Eyecatchers
2091:wind chimes
2075:rain chains
1981:pollinators
1968:and reduce
1966:self-esteem
1952:xeriscaping
1912:landscaping
1896:school yard
1750:.22 caliber
1738:Garden guns
1707:fertilizers
1685:necessity.
1638:lactucfolia
1582:, and even
1456:geneticists
1452:outcrossing
1393:pollination
1329:cladoptosis
1266:fertilizers
1262:grow lights
1250:cultivators
1127:xeriscaping
1099:Sepp Holzer
1068:HĂŒgelkultur
1048:aquascaping
1044:Bog gardens
1000:houseplants
874:gardenesque
767:Black Death
729:hedge mazes
703:monasteries
646:Middle Ages
610:cornflowers
569:, poppies,
519:New Kingdom
488:Robert Hart
463:ParĂĄ rubber
431:cactus pear
395:common bean
322:, and wild
304:reciprocity
124:educational
116:therapeutic
106:, wildlife
7979:Indigenous
7876:stock-free
7848:Zoological
7728:Pollinator
7621:Greenhouse
7564:Sharawadgi
7552:Vietnamese
7513:East Asian
7421:Australian
7376:Raised bed
7341:Green wall
7183:"APLD.org"
6419:2010-08-13
5934:BioScience
5749:. Rodale.
4596:(102193).
4144:2 February
4089:2 February
3376:1866/22249
2404:8 February
2319:8 February
2296:References
2170:Versailles
2150:In Japan,
2109:See also:
2083:bird baths
1864:arborvitae
1785:land ethic
1769:stockyards
1765:warehouses
1753:snake shot
1744:Garden gun
1687:Fungicides
1666:herbicides
1662:pesticides
1435:F1 hybrids
1368:inosculate
1286:propagated
1270:pesticides
1219:Bronze Age
1076:composting
1008:greenhouse
1006:, or in a
924:on a patio
920:window box
870:Chile pine
799:hollyhocks
787:calendulas
737:sunflowers
555:date palms
492:Shropshire
447:strawberry
364:irrigation
216:selective
188:Prehistory
155:Versailles
142:benefits.
64:vegetables
8339:Gardening
8250:Perennial
8213:Floristry
8160:Pesticide
8140:Herbicide
8135:Fungicide
8029:hardiness
7793:Shrubbery
7773:Sculpture
7594:landscape
7523:Cantonese
7498:Container
7493:Community
7461:Byzantine
7456:Butterfly
7446:Botanical
7346:Guerrilla
7294:Community
7284:Butterfly
7279:Arboretum
7274:Allotment
7266:Gardening
7258:gardening
7124:2071-1050
7083:2624-9634
6815:2211-3355
6799:: 92â99.
6755:wusa9.com
6618:2211-3355
6604:: 92â99.
6579:1361-9322
6461:1861-3837
6387:0036-8075
6330:1660-4601
6262:2688-8319
6168:0313-5926
6046:0027-8424
5954:1525-3244
5915:0379-3575
5876:1931-5260
5837:2077-0472
5796:1943-7714
5695:0003-0031
5656:1615-6110
5512:1664-462X
5401:0011-183X
5362:1365-2540
5315:1365-2540
5233:0027-8424
5184:1435-8603
5129:1471-0064
5090:0735-2689
5042:0018-5345
4956:1664-462X
4915:0304-4238
4852:0171-8630
4659:1932-6203
4571:0011-3204
4524:0002-1482
4442:0038-0717
4352:2045-2322
4291:cite book
4283:862759747
4250:0144-5596
4211:144427985
4203:0270-4676
3796:23 August
3765:6 October
3728:0018-5345
3687:1528-6509
3505:1572-9915
3456:2572-2611
3415:1916-2790
3291:0013-0001
3174:0027-8424
3127:141781968
3119:0011-3204
3077:130614264
3069:2050-2729
3055:: 15â45.
3012:0027-8424
2955:0066-8435
2906:0962-8436
2803:0962-8436
2746:0027-8424
2679:2375-2548
2624:0169-5347
2559:1932-6203
2380:2047-2382
2346:(1): 20.
2277:Gardening
2195:Arboretum
2162:known as
2147:gardens.
2125:butterfly
2099:oil lamps
2071:fountains
1927:gardening
1892:Slow Food
1884:forsythia
1834:, Germany
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