437:
429:
41:
2689:
55:
82:
67:
262:
wanted to build a strong bulwark against competition from the rich citizens, who they deeply mistrusted. Significantly, the higher nobility were denied co-ownership; only the most important
Franconian families from the lesser nobility were permitted to participate in joint ownership.
26:) is a castle occupied and managed by several families or family lines at the same time. These families shared common areas of the castle including the courtyard, well, and chapel, whilst maintaining their own private living quarters. They occurred primarily in medieval Germany.
305:
As the number of co-heirs increased, ownership interests and rights were defined and assigned. Externally, however, it appeared like a closed community, and the division of the estate could be somewhat notional. Each heir had a share known as the
357:), allowed the former co-heirs unrestricted disposal of their ownership interest. But, against that, they lost rights to the remaining common estate. The defence obligations of the entire castle still had to be maintained, however.
2083:
525:, by contrast, large castles were usually in the hands of a single powerful feudal lord. This is mainly due to the different way that feudalism developed in those countries.
420:. A member of the family association or community governed by the agreement would be the owner of the undivided and inalienable estate, but his powers were very restricted.
220:
712:
Familiensoziologische
Untersuchungen hessischer Ganerbenfamilien des 14. bis 17. Jahrhunderts am Beispiel der Schenken zu Schweinsberg und der von Hatzfeld.
291:. All were given the same rights over their inheritance; they managed a common budget and, where appropriate, had certain officers and judges in common.
405:, the attacker had to be very careful only to besiege the part of the castle owned by their enemy, without infringing the rights of neutral co-heirs.
314:
was an internal agreement over rights of usage. Each joint owner was able to run their own household, but the overall joint community was maintained.
298:
agreement was particularly important for laying down the social privileges and estate rights of the noble families involved. A joint inheritance or
401:
sometimes had up to 50, in individual cases over 80, different joint owners, not all of whom were able to live in the castle. In the case of a
382:) as the master builder and set up a join fund, which financed the necessary cost of maintenance of the entire estate. Much like a modern
317:
Full enfeoffment to co-heirs was practised in some territories up to the 15th century, thereafter it was enacted through a vassal, a
796:
631:
1899:
334:
agreements, for example following the purchase or seizure by force of the castle. Such agreements could also be dissolved. The
749:
556:. In north and central France, too, several very large castles ended up as joint enfeoffments, such as the giant castle of
219:
that had evolved were sometimes forced to submit to the suzerainty of more powerful feudal lords. The WĂĽrzburg chronicler,
2493:
2188:
59:
154:("Common/Joint Inheritance"). Each branch of the family built, usually, their own residential building within a common
158:. Sometimes these residences were expanded into independent castles in their own right within the common castle site.
2308:
2093:
730:
704:
673:
139:
2518:
360:
This often not very smooth communal existence of the co-heirs and their families was governed by the so-called
576:
247:
1741:
1279:
789:
580:
162:
also resulted from the sale of parts of a castle in times of financial hardship or through the pledging or
155:
2078:
1159:
302:
ensured that all family members had this special status and prevented their social status being lowered.
1674:
596:
541:
528:
Several examples of large "multi-family castles" have survived, especially in southern France and the
2123:
202:
1748:
2714:
2620:
1698:
588:
210:
2667:
2442:
2148:
2143:
2063:
1860:
1807:
1777:
1534:
1464:
1408:
985:
782:
768:
561:
537:
2692:
2508:
2098:
1995:
1880:
1064:
111:
2645:
2483:
2265:
2018:
1755:
1578:
907:
718:
383:
366:("castle peace"). Often the co-heirs used the central facilities of the castle, such as the
130:
may be roughly translated as "common inheritors' castle". The first historically verifiable
118:
appears from textual evidence to go back at least to the second half of the 9th century. In
2630:
2158:
1784:
1583:
1549:
949:
831:
232:
231:
refused access to the bishop and attempted to modernize the castle fortifications. Bishop
8:
2447:
2183:
1539:
917:
436:
251:
2569:
2178:
2153:
2138:
2133:
1983:
1963:
1760:
1321:
1188:
932:
428:
341:
Where the co-heirs agreed internally to a division of the whole land and property, the
338:
was also terminated if a party to it was able to take possession of the entire estate.
224:
223:, mentioned three such examples in his bishop's chronicle. In 1458, the joint lords of
184:
98:
2625:
2584:
2559:
2432:
2113:
1953:
1800:
1386:
1264:
942:
885:
764:
745:
726:
700:
669:
101:
458:. The majority were established in those territories that were the most subdivided:
2599:
2574:
2503:
2427:
2028:
2023:
1958:
1509:
1313:
892:
417:
2488:
2340:
2313:
2253:
2223:
2108:
2073:
2053:
2038:
1593:
1588:
1556:
1317:
1259:
1247:
1229:
1096:
1077:
1003:
980:
608:
592:
584:
198:
119:
86:
2657:
2652:
2318:
2303:
2238:
2228:
2103:
2088:
1988:
1978:
1943:
1817:
1610:
1307:
1274:
1238:
1054:
912:
876:
600:
533:
529:
455:
441:
187:
of a sector of the castle. This was not just for practical reasons; the higher
483:
228:
2708:
2662:
2615:
2523:
2513:
2467:
2437:
2422:
2391:
2372:
2233:
2173:
2128:
2043:
2002:
1812:
1445:
1440:
1173:
1136:
1121:
1072:
1017:
996:
805:
239:
2640:
2498:
2462:
2417:
2401:
2282:
2258:
2248:
2243:
2058:
1875:
1736:
1703:
1568:
1504:
1479:
1391:
1365:
1327:
1269:
1208:
1178:
1026:
193:
169:
The castles of powerful feudal lords were often planned from the outset as
150:
46:
40:
757:„… für etlich ganerben etlicher schlosz …“ Ganerbenburgen in Unterfranken.
2539:
2396:
2365:
2347:
2335:
2277:
2272:
2213:
2208:
2168:
2068:
2033:
1929:
1832:
1603:
1573:
1563:
1469:
1358:
975:
922:
668:
Dissertation. Universität Köln 1979. Lang, Frankfurt am Main etc., 1980,
604:
572:
503:
362:
330:
255:
163:
71:
1166:
645:
2564:
2384:
2356:
2287:
2163:
2118:
2048:
1968:
1865:
1770:
1710:
1669:
1647:
1598:
1544:
1494:
1489:
1474:
1433:
1381:
1339:
1284:
1126:
1042:
378:
180:
2544:
1089:
666:
Untersuchungen zur
Rechtsgestalt und Teilung deutscher Ganerbenburgen.
397:
without dividing it, soon proved in practice to be no longer tenable.
54:
1973:
1904:
1731:
1726:
1659:
1300:
1213:
1143:
1101:
927:
897:
858:
824:
557:
553:
459:
368:
243:
2457:
2452:
2377:
2218:
1936:
1911:
1894:
1824:
1765:
1693:
1686:
1529:
1417:
1291:
1111:
1106:
1082:
1010:
990:
970:
937:
612:
545:
507:
445:
413:
394:
188:
175:
106:
81:
2589:
2554:
2549:
1887:
1870:
1855:
1839:
1791:
1719:
1664:
1654:
1622:
1524:
1499:
1484:
1254:
1198:
1116:
963:
956:
902:
774:
522:
499:
280:
148:
often came about as a result of a type of inheritance known as a
75:
66:
2594:
1948:
1514:
1452:
1396:
1374:
1351:
1344:
1220:
1203:
1035:
867:
849:
819:
518:
487:
471:
373:
259:
135:
376:, jointly. The community usually chose one of the castellans (
2635:
2579:
2323:
1848:
1679:
1519:
840:
479:
467:
463:
235:
eventually asserted his authority after a military conflict.
126:
meant "common", "joint" or "commoner". Accordingly, the term
44:
One of the earliest known examples of a joint inheritance or
258:
to a community of 44 Franconian knights. This group of
1617:
1459:
1426:
1401:
1193:
1183:
1152:
1131:
714:
Dissertation. Freie
Universität Berlin, 1983. Berlin, 1983.
490:. In regions in which multiple inheritance or enfeoffment (
402:
284:
386:, people held an annual meeting to discuss any problems.
191:
naturally wanted to limit the power of their liegemen (
197:). A good example of this is the Franconian castle of
738:
Die
Salzburg – eine Ganerbenburg als zentraler Ort.
432:
The five castle seats of the
Oberstadt of Chauvigny
29:
238:In 1478, despite an imperial mandate, the mighty
2706:
275:was the enfeoffment of the castle estate to the
1046:
723:Wörterbuch der Burgen, Schlösser und Festungen.
271:A legal requirement for the establishment of a
1608:
1554:
1372:
1218:
575:on the Moselle river. Other examples include:
58:One of the largest castle ruins in Franconia:
2263:
1993:
1822:
1798:
1415:
1406:
1363:
1087:
883:
874:
790:
567:The best known example of a central European
2382:
2363:
2354:
2345:
1934:
1909:
1885:
1846:
1837:
1789:
1775:
1746:
1717:
1708:
1684:
1645:
1450:
1431:
1349:
1298:
1289:
1245:
1236:
1227:
1164:
1150:
1141:
1024:
1001:
651:at great-castles.com. Retrieved 24 Jan 2014.
1033:
1015:
961:
947:
865:
856:
847:
838:
829:
134:arrangement appears in the 13th century in
50:: the reconstructed Hohkönigsburg in Alsace
797:
783:
740:In: Heinrich Wagner, Joachim Zeune (ed.):
744:Stadt Bad Neustadt, Bad Neustadt, 2008,
435:
427:
279:("whole hand"), in other words, all the
80:
65:
53:
39:
310:and these shares could vary in size. A
2707:
478:was also very common in the states of
778:
693:Burgen in Mitteleuropa. Ein Handbuch.
636:by R. Shekhar. Retrieved 24 Jan 2014.
345:was usually wound up. This so-called
717:Horst W. Böhme, Reinhard Friedrich,
550:Château de Saint-Hilaire et des Plas
266:
2189:Weapons Storage and Security System
283:were given equal possession of the
246:had to acquiesce to Count Palatine
13:
804:
761:Schönere Heimat. Erbe und Auftrag.
697:Geschichte und Burgenlandschaften.
14:
2726:
2688:
2687:
691:by Horst Wolfgang Böhme (ed.):
532:. Foremost among these are the
423:
639:
625:
595:in Bad Neustadt an der Saale,
287:, an arrangement described as
1:
2084:British "hedgehog" road block
658:
618:
166:of an element of the castle.
70:The "multi-family castle" of
114:around 1200. The legal term
7:
2494:Cities with defensive walls
2079:Defensive fighting position
1994:
1799:
1609:
1555:
1416:
1407:
1373:
1364:
1219:
454:are predominantly found in
10:
2731:
689:Deutsche Burgenvereinigung
633:Dictionary of Architecture
328:were first established by
2678:
2608:
2532:
2476:
2410:
2296:
2201:
2124:Hardened aircraft shelter
2099:Entry control point (ECP)
2011:
1922:
1638:
1631:
1063:
812:
725:Reclam, Stuttgart, 2004,
548:is the smaller castle of
203:Bad Neustadt an der Saale
2621:Continuity of government
699:Theiss, Stuttgart 1999,
678:Rechtshistorische Reihe.
664:Karl Friedrich Alsdorf:
498:) was uncommon, such as
389:The original purpose of
179:was responsible for the
2443:Motte-and-bailey castle
2149:Missile launch facility
2144:Main line of resistance
839:
2519:Military installations
2383:
2364:
2355:
2346:
2264:
1935:
1910:
1886:
1876:Scarp and Counterscarp
1847:
1838:
1823:
1790:
1776:
1747:
1718:
1709:
1685:
1646:
1451:
1432:
1350:
1299:
1290:
1246:
1237:
1228:
1165:
1151:
1142:
1088:
1047:
1034:
1025:
1016:
1002:
962:
948:
884:
875:
866:
857:
848:
830:
448:
433:
205:, a castle enfeoffed (
112:Wolfram von Eschenbach
90:
78:
63:
51:
2288:Floating water castle
2019:Admiralty scaffolding
1312:Fortified buildings (
736:Helmut Flachenecker:
719:Barbara Schock-Werner
439:
431:
384:homeowner association
84:
69:
57:
43:
2631:Subterranean warfare
1584:Viking ring fortress
683:Christoph Bachmann:
591:near BĂĽhl in Baden,
538:Saint-Geniez-Ă´-Merle
233:John III of Grumbach
173:. Each castellan or
85:Plan of Franconia's
2448:Quadrangular castle
2184:Weapon storage area
1540:Quadrangular castle
752:, pp. 257–266.
733:, pp. 135–136.
577:Lichtenstein Castle
412:were turned into a
62:near Maroldsweisach
2179:Underground hangar
1964:Fire control tower
1761:Gunpowder magazine
1189:Butter-churn tower
449:
434:
248:Otto II of Mosbach
225:Steckelberg Castle
99:Middle High German
91:
89:above Bad Neustadt
79:
64:
52:
2702:
2701:
2626:Military urbanism
2560:Fortified gateway
2433:Concentric castle
2197:
2196:
2114:Fire support base
1954:Coastal artillery
1829:(Spanish America)
1423:
1265:Concentric castle
771:, pp. 83–90.
750:978-3-939959-04-5
742:Das Salzburgbuch.
707:, pp. 39–41.
581:Altenstein Castle
267:Legal foundations
252:Rothenberg Castle
138:at the castle of
2722:
2691:
2690:
2684:
2575:National redoubt
2504:Fortified estate
2428:Circular rampart
2388:
2369:
2360:
2351:
2269:
2029:Anti-tank trench
2024:Air raid shelter
1999:
1959:Disappearing gun
1940:
1915:
1891:
1852:
1843:
1828:
1804:
1795:
1781:
1752:
1723:
1714:
1690:
1651:
1636:
1635:
1614:
1594:Bailey (or ward)
1560:
1465:Motte-and-bailey
1456:
1437:
1421:
1413:
1412:
1378:
1369:
1355:
1304:
1295:
1251:
1242:
1233:
1224:
1170:
1156:
1147:
1093:
1050:
1039:
1030:
1021:
1007:
967:
953:
893:Circular rampart
889:
880:
871:
862:
853:
844:
835:
799:
792:
785:
776:
775:
710:Henning Becker:
652:
643:
637:
629:
418:Late Middle Ages
393:, to preserve a
211:WĂĽrzburg bishops
140:Haut-KĹ“nigsbourg
93:The German word
2730:
2729:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2715:Castles by type
2705:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2682:
2674:
2604:
2528:
2472:
2406:
2341:Imperial castle
2314:Coercion castle
2309:Coastal defence
2292:
2254:Promontory fort
2224:Hillside castle
2193:
2109:Fallout shelter
2074:Concertina wire
2054:Border security
2007:
1918:
1627:
1260:Coercion castle
1248:Cheval de frise
1230:Chemin de ronde
1078:Albarrana tower
1059:
1004:Schwedenschanze
981:Promontory fort
808:
803:
755:Joachim Zeune:
685:Ganerbenburgen.
661:
656:
655:
644:
640:
630:
626:
621:
609:Lindheim Castle
593:Salzburg Castle
585:Lower Franconia
544:). Also in the
492:Gesamtbelehnung
426:
269:
120:Old High German
97:appears in the
87:Salzburg Castle
38:
12:
11:
5:
2728:
2718:
2717:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2671:
2670:
2660:
2658:Trench warfare
2655:
2653:Tunnel warfare
2650:
2649:
2648:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2612:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2509:Fortifications
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2473:
2471:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2361:
2352:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2326:
2321:
2319:Counter-castle
2316:
2311:
2306:
2304:Border barrier
2300:
2298:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2239:Lowland castle
2236:
2231:
2229:Hilltop castle
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2104:Electric fence
2101:
2096:
2094:Dragon's teeth
2091:
2089:Czech hedgehog
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2003:Wire obstacles
2000:
1991:
1989:Polygonal fort
1986:
1981:
1979:Martello tower
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1944:Border outpost
1941:
1932:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1844:
1835:
1830:
1820:
1818:Polygonal fort
1815:
1810:
1805:
1796:
1787:
1782:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1715:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1642:
1640:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1429:
1424:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1370:
1361:
1356:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1330:
1325:
1310:
1308:Flanking tower
1305:
1296:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1275:Counter-castle
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1243:
1234:
1225:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1162:
1157:
1148:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1069:
1067:
1065:Post-classical
1061:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1055:Vitrified fort
1052:
1040:
1031:
1022:
1013:
1008:
999:
994:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
959:
954:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
913:Defensive wall
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
881:
872:
863:
854:
845:
836:
827:
822:
816:
814:
810:
809:
806:Fortifications
802:
801:
794:
787:
779:
773:
772:
753:
734:
715:
708:
681:
660:
657:
654:
653:
638:
623:
622:
620:
617:
601:Leonrod Castle
599:on the Rhine,
589:Windeck Castle
534:Tours de Merle
530:Massif Central
514:are recorded.
512:Ganerbschaften
456:Central Europe
452:Ganerbenburgen
442:Tours de Merle
425:
422:
410:Ganerbschaften
399:Ganerbenburgen
326:Ganerbschaften
294:The so-called
268:
265:
217:Ganerbenburgen
171:Ganerbenburgen
160:Ganerbenburgen
146:Ganerbenburgen
37:
31:Ganerbenburgen
28:
24:Ganerbenburgen
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2727:
2716:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2695:
2694:
2681:
2680:
2677:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2663:Urban warfare
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2616:Civil defense
2614:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2484:Bastion forts
2482:
2481:
2479:
2475:
2469:
2468:Z-plan castle
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2438:L-plan castle
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2423:Bridge castle
2421:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2392:Refuge castle
2390:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2373:Military base
2371:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2336:Hunting lodge
2334:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2249:Moated castle
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2234:Island castle
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2204:
2202:By topography
2200:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2174:Submarine pen
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2129:Hesco bastion
2127:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2044:Blast shelter
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1842:
1841:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1813:Place-of-arms
1811:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1449:
1447:
1446:Machicolation
1444:
1442:
1441:L-plan castle
1439:
1436:
1435:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1420:
1419:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1249:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1226:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1174:Bridge castle
1172:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1138:
1137:Bent entrance
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1122:Battery tower
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1073:Advanced work
1071:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1000:
998:
997:Refuge castle
995:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
966:
965:
960:
958:
955:
952:
951:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
888:
887:
882:
879:
878:
873:
870:
869:
864:
861:
860:
855:
852:
851:
846:
843:
842:
837:
834:
833:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
817:
815:
811:
807:
800:
795:
793:
788:
786:
781:
780:
777:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
732:
731:3-15-010547-1
728:
724:
720:
716:
713:
709:
706:
705:3-8062-1355-0
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
679:
675:
674:3-8204-6408-5
671:
667:
663:
662:
650:
648:
647:Great Castles
642:
635:
634:
628:
624:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
565:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
526:
524:
520:
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
447:
443:
438:
430:
421:
419:
415:
411:
406:
404:
400:
396:
392:
387:
385:
381:
380:
375:
371:
370:
365:
364:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
339:
337:
333:
332:
327:
322:
320:
315:
313:
309:
303:
301:
297:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
277:gesamten Hand
274:
264:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
240:imperial city
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
195:
190:
186:
182:
178:
177:
172:
167:
165:
161:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
110:, written by
109:
108:
103:
100:
96:
88:
83:
77:
73:
68:
61:
56:
49:
48:
42:
36:
32:
27:
25:
21:
20:
2686:
2641:Siege engine
2609:Other topics
2533:Related word
2499:Defense line
2463:Tower castle
2418:Bastion fort
2402:Urban castle
2330:Ganerbenburg
2329:
2328:
2283:Water castle
2259:Ridge castle
2244:Marsh castle
2059:Bomb shelter
2039:Belgian gate
2012:20th century
1923:19th century
1861:Retrenchment
1833:Punji sticks
1742:Entrenchment
1737:Device Forts
1704:Counterguard
1639:Early modern
1569:Tower castle
1505:Powder tower
1480:Outer bailey
1392:Inner bailey
1366:Gulyay-gorod
1334:Ganerbenburg
1333:
1332:
1328:Fujian tulou
1270:Corner tower
1209:Chamber gate
1179:Bridge tower
1027:Trou de loup
760:
756:
741:
737:
722:
711:
696:
692:
688:
684:
677:
665:
646:
641:
632:
627:
569:Ganerbenburg
568:
566:
549:
527:
516:
511:
496:gesamte Hand
495:
491:
476:Ganerbschaft
475:
468:Rhine Valley
451:
450:
424:Distribution
409:
407:
398:
391:Ganerbschaft
390:
388:
377:
367:
361:
359:
355:Watschierung
354:
350:
346:
343:Ganerbschaft
342:
340:
336:Ganerbschaft
335:
329:
325:
323:
319:Gesamthänder
318:
316:
312:Mutschierung
311:
307:
304:
300:Ganerbschaft
299:
295:
293:
288:
276:
273:Ganerbschaft
272:
270:
237:
221:Lorenz Fries
216:
215:
206:
194:Dienstmannen
192:
174:
170:
168:
159:
156:curtain wall
151:Ganerbschaft
149:
145:
144:
132:Ganerbschaft
131:
128:Ganerbenburg
127:
123:
116:Ganerbschaft
115:
105:
94:
92:
47:Ganerbschaft
45:
35:Ganerbschaft
34:
30:
23:
19:Ganerbenburg
18:
17:
15:
2540:Castle town
2397:Toll castle
2366:Lustschloss
2348:Kaiserpfalz
2278:Spur castle
2273:Rock castle
2214:Hill castle
2209:Cave castle
2169:Spider hole
2069:Bremer wall
2034:Barbed tape
1930:Barbed wire
1604:Witch tower
1574:Tower house
1564:Toll castle
1550:Shield wall
1470:Murder hole
1359:Guard tower
976:Pincer gate
923:Faussebraye
605:Dietenhofen
597:Liebenstein
573:Eltz Castle
504:Mecklenburg
484:WĂĽrttemberg
363:Burgfrieden
331:Burgfrieden
256:Schnaittach
229:SchlĂĽchtern
164:enfeoffment
2565:Gatekeeper
2385:Ordensburg
2357:Landesburg
2164:Sentry gun
2119:Flak tower
2049:Blast wall
1969:Gun turret
1866:Sally port
1771:Kotta mara
1711:Couvreface
1675:Breastwork
1670:Blockhouse
1648:Abwurfdach
1599:Watchtower
1589:Wall tower
1545:Shell keep
1495:Portcullis
1490:Peel tower
1475:Neck ditch
1434:Landesburg
1382:Half tower
1340:Gate tower
1285:Drawbridge
1127:Battlement
1043:Wagon fort
886:Chengqiang
763:89, 2000,
659:Literature
619:References
379:Burgmannen
347:Totteilung
207:Lehensburg
181:management
60:Altenstein
2668:Guerrilla
2411:By design
2159:Revetment
1974:Land mine
1905:Star fort
1732:Crownwork
1727:Covertway
1660:Barricade
1301:Embrasure
1214:Chartaque
1144:Bergfried
1102:Arrowslit
928:Gatehouse
898:City gate
859:Castellum
825:Acropolis
769:0177-4492
721:(Hrsg.):
558:Chauvigny
554:Curemonte
460:Franconia
369:bergfried
296:hantgemal
289:hantgemal
244:Nuremberg
209:) by the
22:(plural:
2709:Category
2693:Category
2683:See also
2570:Loophole
2458:Ringwork
2453:Ringfort
2378:Obstacle
2219:Hillfort
2139:Loophole
1937:Barbette
1912:Tenaille
1895:Sea fort
1825:Presidio
1785:Magazine
1766:Hornwork
1699:Cavalier
1694:Casemate
1687:Caponier
1530:Ringwork
1418:Detinets
1387:Hoarding
1292:Enceinte
1167:Bretèche
1112:Bartizan
1107:Barbican
1083:Alcazaba
1011:Stockade
991:Ringfort
971:Palisade
943:Landwehr
938:Hillfort
695:Vol. 2:
680:Vol. 9).
649:glossary
613:Wetterau
546:Limousin
508:Holstein
486:and the
446:Limousin
414:fee tail
395:property
351:Watschar
281:feoffees
250:selling
199:Salzburg
189:nobility
176:Burgmann
107:Parzival
2600:Vedette
2590:Schloss
2555:Festung
2550:Dungeon
2545:Château
2489:Castles
2297:By role
2154:Pillbox
1984:Outpost
1900:Station
1888:Schanze
1871:Sandbag
1856:Redoubt
1840:Ravelin
1808:Palanka
1792:Orillon
1778:Lunette
1720:Coupure
1665:Bastion
1655:Arsenal
1623:Zwinger
1535:Roundel
1525:Ricetto
1500:Postern
1485:Outwork
1409:Kremlin
1280:Curtain
1255:Citadel
1239:Chemise
1199:Caltrop
1117:Bastion
1090:Alcázar
986:Rampart
964:Oppidum
957:Nuraghe
903:Crannog
877:Castros
813:Ancient
611:in the
542:Corrèze
523:England
500:Silesia
444:in the
416:in the
308:Marzahl
260:knights
185:defence
102:romance
95:ganerbe
76:Moselle
74:on the
2595:Trench
2585:Picket
1996:Sangar
1949:Bunker
1881:Sconce
1801:Ostrog
1749:Flèche
1632:Modern
1611:Yagura
1579:Turret
1515:Reduit
1453:Merlon
1397:Kasbah
1375:Gusuku
1352:Glacis
1345:Gabion
1314:church
1221:Chashi
1204:Castle
1048:Laager
1036:Vallum
993:(Rath)
868:Castra
850:Burgus
820:Abatis
767:
748:
729:
703:
672:
562:Vienne
519:France
488:Alsace
474:. The
472:Swabia
470:, and
466:, the
374:chapel
324:Other
254:above
136:Alsace
2636:Siege
2580:Palas
2524:Walls
2514:Forts
2477:Lists
2324:Fence
2266:Rocca
2134:Kabal
1849:Redan
1756:Gorge
1680:Canal
1557:Shiro
1520:Ribat
1510:Qalat
1322:Dzong
1318:house
1018:Sudis
950:Limes
908:Ditch
841:Broch
832:Agger
510:, no
480:Baden
464:Hesse
408:Many
227:near
201:near
2646:list
2064:Buoy
1618:Yett
1460:Moat
1427:Ksar
1402:Keep
1194:Caer
1184:Burh
1160:Boom
1153:Berm
1132:Bawn
1097:Amba
933:Gord
765:ISSN
759:In:
746:ISBN
727:ISBN
701:ISBN
687:In:
670:ISBN
607:and
521:and
506:and
440:The
403:feud
285:fief
183:and
72:Eltz
33:and
918:Dun
603:in
583:in
571:is
564:).
552:at
517:In
494:or
372:or
353:or
242:of
124:gan
2711::
2685::
1320:,
1316:,
615:.
587:,
579:,
540:,
502:,
482:,
462:,
321:.
213:.
142:.
122:,
104:,
16:A
1422:)
1414:(
1324:)
1051:)
1045:(
798:e
791:t
784:v
676:(
560:(
536:(
349:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
