314:
1638:. Due to the Belgic coalition's size and reputation for uncommon bravery, Caesar avoided meeting the combined forces of the tribes in battle. Instead, he used cavalry to skirmish with smaller contingents of tribesmen. Only when Caesar managed to isolate one of the tribes did he risk conventional battle. The tribes fell in a piecemeal fashion and Caesar claimed to offer lenient terms to the defeated, including Roman protection from the threat of surrounding tribes. Most tribes agreed to the conditions. A series of uprisings followed the 57 BC conquest. The largest revolt was led by the
65:
995:
1655:
2344:
2945:
2360:
1578:
2141:
1844:
1517:
2127:
4589:
4770:
928:
1820:
1625:
as well perhaps as some of their neighbours who lived in the area, Caesar identified as
Belgium or Belgica. These were the leaders of the initial military alliance he confronted, and they were also more economically advanced (and therefore less "Germanic" according to Caesar's way of seeing things)
1694:
Modern historians however view the term 'Gaul' and its subdivisions as a "product of faulty ethnography" and see the split of Gallia Comata into three provinces as an attempt to construct a more efficient government, as opposed to a cultural division. Successive Roman emperors struck a balance
1612:
stated that the differences between the Celts and Belgae, in language, politics and way of life was a small one.) Modern historians interpret Caesar and the archaeological evidence as indicating that the core of the
Belgian alliance was in the present-day northernmost corner of France; the
1646:. During this rebellion, it was the Belgae who avoided direct conflict. They harassed the Roman legions, led personally by Caesar, with cavalry detachments and archers. The rebellion was put down after a Bellovaci ambush of the Romans failed. The revolting party was slaughtered.
2064:) were de facto lost forever for the Roman empire. This gave the Salian Franks a base from which they could expand some 130 years later, beginning after the disastrous Rhine crossing in 406, to conquer the whole area of the former province of Gallia Belgica and start the
1629:
Apart from the southern Remi, all the Belgic tribes allied against the Romans, angry at the Roman decision to garrison legions in their territory during the winter. At the beginning of the conflict, Caesar reported the allies' combined strength at 288,000, led by the
1604:) but he did not go into detail, except to mention that he learnt from his contacts that the Belgae had some ancestry from east of the Rhine, which he referred to as Germania. Indeed, the Belgian tribes closest to the Rhine he distinguished as the
266:, joining the Rhineland colonies, and the remaining part of Gallia Belgica was divided into Belgica Prima (in the eastern area of the Treveri, Mediomatrici and Leuci, around Luxembourg and the Ardennes), and Belgica Secunda (between the
2203:). This invasion and the accompanying widespread destruction broke the backbone of Roman power in at least the northern part of Gallia Belgica. After this invasion the Franks were able to conquer valuable agricultural land south of the
1682:
and Gallia
Belgica). Agrippa made the divisions on what he perceived to be distinctions in language, race and community – Gallia Belgica was meant to be a mix of Celtic and Germanic peoples. The capital of this territory was
2060:) and the area between the Rhine and the main road between Boulogne and Cologne, present-day South Holland, Zeeland, Flanders, Brabant and Limburg, the last three in both the present-day Netherlands and Belgium (to the
2218:. The outcome of this battle itself was inconclusive, but as a consequence of this battle the Huns and their allies left the area of Gallia Belgica, where they had plundered nearly all major cities, except Paris.
1860:
reorganized the provinces in order to separate the militarized zones of the Rhine from the civilian populations of the region. The northeastern part of Gallia
Belgica was split off and renamed
1596:
In 57 BC, Julius Caesar led the conquest of northern Gaul, and already specified that the part to the north of the Seine and Marne rivers was inhabited by a people or alliance known as the
1600:. This definition became the basis of the later Roman province of Belgica. Caesar said that the Belgae were separated from the Celtic Gauls to their south by "language, custom and laws" (
5032:
5027:
2987:
5052:
4786:
1880:(parts of western Germany and eastern France) and the southern border of Gallia Belgica was extended to the south. The newer Gallia Belgica included the cities of
3363:
313:
4288:
1808:
4120:
2005:
1456:
4791:
3358:
1413:
2980:
2944:
2684:
2195:
and entered Gallia
Belgica by way of the Moselle valley. They subsequently destroyed large parts of Gallia Belgica, before eventually moving on to
1807:. The gradual adoption of Romanized names by local elites and the Romanization of laws under local authority demonstrate the effectiveness of this
1394:
842:
1545:
790:
4710:
4194:
2084:(Trier) as its main city, and consisted of the eastern part. The border between Belgica Prima and Belgica Secunda was approximately along the
2204:
4424:
956:
5062:
2973:
2207:, the very important main road between Cologne and Boulogne, that had been the backbone of Roman defense strategy between 260 and 406.
1365:
4577:
2443:
4755:
4700:
4113:
2214:(between the Seine and the Moselle). A coalition of Romans, Visigoths and Franks fought an army led by the legendary Hunnic leader
4750:
2080:
restructured the provinces around 300, and split
Belgica into two provinces: Belgica Prima and Belgica Secunda. Belgica Prima had
1235:
4222:
5047:
4394:
2419:
1423:
640:
2187:, after first having been defeated by the Ripuarian Franks in the neighbourhood of Cologne in Germania Inferior, successfully
4174:
3051:
established after 584. After massive territorial losses in the 7th century, the remaining provinces were superseded by the
2677:
2506:
1384:
2044:. The cost of this defeat in the long run proved very high indeed. With the Gallic army defeated and not returning to the
4801:
4106:
1811:. With that said, the concept and community of Gallia Belgica did not predate the Roman province, but developed from it.
1538:
4555:
4150:
3493:
4231:
5057:
3642:
2529:
2411:
1374:
1265:
1196:
831:
768:
649:
332:
4470:
4414:
5067:
4460:
2600:
2338:
2211:
2036:. He proved able to stop the incursions from the Franks. Only in 274 was Roman control restored by the new emperor
949:
4098:
2965:
4715:
4452:
4447:
4067:
3318:
2670:
1498:
350:
4249:
3386:
3310:
3299:
1531:
1488:
1467:
1328:
974:
917:
4630:
2321:. Though often presented as the dissolution of the Frankish empire, it was in fact the continued adherence to
1708:, corresponding generally to ancient tribal boundaries. The capital cities of these districts included modern
5042:
4570:
4379:
3453:
3087:
2494:
2418:, and it was only with the 1831 separatist revolution in the south of the country and subsequent creation of
1317:
994:
4184:
2467:
Gaius Julius Caesar. The
Conquest of Gaul. Trans. S. A. Handford (New York: Penguin, 1982), Caes. Gal. 1.1.1
4720:
4665:
4516:
4384:
4364:
4296:
3890:
2996:
2889:
2482:
1276:
1004:
473:
2693:
455:
4146:
3373:
2767:
2021:
1478:
942:
913:
909:
416:
293:
4745:
4475:
4670:
4369:
2874:
1433:
1176:
4434:
2041:
4419:
3570:
3512:
3323:
2797:
1255:
4283:
2233:. The Franks however emerged victorious and Belgica Secunda in the 5th century became the center of
4880:
4769:
4675:
4563:
4359:
4336:
3910:
3895:
3719:
3448:
3395:
3391:
3353:
3285:
3106:
2934:
2924:
2807:
2772:
2752:
2732:
1856:
During the 1st century AD (estimated date 90 AD), the provinces of Gaul were restructured. Emperor
853:
24:
323:
5037:
4635:
4625:
4179:
4155:
3714:
3661:
3598:
3438:
3428:
3257:
3227:
2879:
2864:
2802:
2717:
2707:
2423:
2352:
1795:. Additionally, local notables from Gallia Belgica were required to participate in a festival in
1696:
1306:
1217:
921:
820:
680:
4404:
4705:
4640:
4236:
3920:
3247:
2852:
2712:
2662:
1780:
were in turn were divided into smaller units, pagi, a term that became the French word "pays".
1445:
810:
757:
492:
4511:
4399:
4389:
2954:
Italy was never constituted as a province, instead retaining a special juridical status until
2379:
as the Latin language name of the entire territory until the modern period. In the 1500s, the
4993:
3935:
3704:
3517:
3443:
3036:
2747:
2188:
983:
690:
4865:
2545:
González
Villaescusa; Jacquemin (2011), "Gallia Belgica: An Entity with No National Claim",
244:
rivers, was reported by Caesar as the original cultural boundary between the Belgae and the
216:, as the largest tribal confederation in the area, but also included the territories of the
4981:
4890:
4685:
4326:
4245:
4160:
4073:
3590:
3242:
3074:
3044:
2884:
2777:
2222:
2107:
2045:
1741:
1186:
1141:
883:
669:
590:
581:
570:
538:
513:
388:
282:
19:
This article is about the Roman province. For the Gallic people for whom it was named, see
4885:
2654:
254:
The province was re-organised several times, first increased and later decreased in size.
8:
4809:
4730:
4585:
4499:
4300:
4273:
4079:
4034:
3852:
3842:
3504:
3333:
3280:
3275:
3048:
2782:
2757:
2380:
2226:
2065:
1166:
1131:
1121:
1100:
1079:
893:
873:
747:
559:
548:
445:
435:
4778:
2164:. Texandria was most likely for a large part overlapping with the area now known as the
612:
4943:
4650:
4610:
4530:
4339:
4330:
3930:
3905:
3812:
3787:
3676:
3560:
3410:
3222:
3019:
2869:
2827:
2822:
2638:
2326:
2289:
in 843. The three sons of Louis the Pious divided his territories into three kingdoms:
2242:
1969:
1924:
1804:
1679:
1635:
1605:
1287:
1244:
659:
601:
482:
302:
205:
85:
2000:)) or had to be rebuilt in the last quarter of the second century, Colonia Morinorum (
1654:
4987:
4962:
4870:
4796:
4489:
4169:
4057:
3764:
3754:
3749:
3653:
3623:
3420:
3270:
3161:
3151:
3126:
3121:
2914:
2909:
2837:
2832:
2525:
2262:
2049:
1984:) had to be abandoned. Further the capitals in the areas of the former tribes of the
1877:
1861:
1832:
1521:
1339:
1013:
263:
259:
1626:
than many of their more northerly allies such as the Nervii and
Germani Cisrhenani.
4975:
4931:
4817:
4813:
4538:
4269:
4203:
4134:
4128:
3993:
3988:
3945:
3900:
3807:
3552:
3542:
3532:
3480:
3217:
3209:
2995:
2842:
2812:
2554:
2286:
2101:
2057:
1865:
1784:
1687:, according to the geographer Strabo, though later the capital moved to modern-day
1675:
1110:
712:
701:
201:
130:
2343:
503:
64:
4850:
4484:
4429:
4314:
4305:
4277:
4217:
3973:
3963:
3870:
3822:
3777:
3696:
3618:
3603:
3522:
3265:
3169:
3141:
3116:
3098:
2727:
2519:
2410:
continued to be used from 1581 up to the French
Revolution. Even after that, the
2359:
2322:
2282:
1952:
at the respective northern and northwestern coast of present-day Netherlands and
1941:
779:
267:
104:
4824:
4344:
4949:
4526:
4520:
4502:
4455:
4347:
4322:
4199:
3983:
3978:
3968:
3915:
3860:
3671:
3565:
3537:
3527:
3405:
3194:
3189:
3146:
3136:
3059:
and parts of Greece they survived under the themes until the early 9th century.
2737:
2559:
2391:
2364:
2314:
2100:
became very prosperous in the fourth century, particularly in the decades that
1957:
1671:
932:
863:
158:
47:
200:, it became one of the three parts of Gaul (Tres Galliæ), the other two being
5021:
4895:
4875:
4615:
4506:
4255:
4208:
4165:
3865:
3817:
3782:
3772:
3681:
3381:
3184:
3179:
3131:
3111:
3040:
3024:
2762:
2742:
2722:
2376:
2306:
2061:
2033:
2025:
1643:
1585:
1568:
1206:
800:
737:
622:
193:
4860:
4829:
4356:
2001:
1733:
4969:
4917:
4905:
4534:
4465:
4409:
4318:
4265:
4227:
4213:
4130:
4063:
3880:
3875:
3827:
3613:
3580:
3575:
3400:
3174:
3052:
2787:
2348:
2298:
2290:
1906:
1709:
1699:
the people of Gallia Belgica and allowing pre-existing culture to survive.
221:
162:
76:
51:
1944:, then governor of Gallia Belgica, had to repel a serious invasion of the
1577:
4955:
4544:
4494:
4442:
4374:
4310:
4086:
3958:
3925:
3837:
3792:
3666:
3608:
2929:
2858:
2792:
2448:
2431:
2318:
2278:
2238:
2145:
2140:
1876:, and a part of modern Germany. The eastern part was split off to become
1873:
1843:
1572:
1034:
377:
237:
197:
182:
117:
2478:
Gallos ab Aquitanis Garumna flumen, a Belgis Matrona et Sequana diuidit.
4655:
4351:
4241:
3953:
3797:
3199:
3028:
2955:
2077:
1949:
1670:
ordered a restructuring of the provinces in Gaul. Therefore, in 22 BC,
1631:
1618:
1614:
255:
178:
166:
2629:(Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1985), pp. 57-62, 71-74.
2616:, New Ed., Vol. 10 (London: Cambridge University Press, 1970), p. 469.
2225:
had already collapsed in Galla Belgica for some time the Gallo-Roman "
2126:
5005:
4937:
4437:
3739:
3628:
3237:
3232:
2847:
2258:
2161:
2053:
1985:
1704:
1639:
1090:
4735:
4999:
4927:
4855:
4594:
4480:
4293:
4260:
4085: Affected (i.e. boundaries modified, abolished or renamed) by
3832:
3802:
3724:
3433:
3348:
3056:
2403:
2309:), from the middle of the 10th century became the kernel of modern
2246:
2234:
2230:
2196:
2111:
2037:
2029:
2028:, Roman control over Gaul deteriorated in the 3rd century. In 260,
1993:
1965:
1857:
1819:
1796:
1761:
1753:
1745:
1667:
363:
233:
209:
2589:. Trans. S. A. Handford (New York: Penguin, 1982); pp. 59, 70, 72.
4845:
4029:
3885:
3744:
3686:
3449:
Numidia (divided as Cirtensis and Militiana during the Tetrarchy)
3343:
3338:
3328:
2904:
2427:
2302:
2294:
2274:
2192:
2172:
2165:
2115:
2097:
2096:
The eastern part of Gallia Belgica, especially the valley of the
1977:
1973:
1961:
1953:
1885:
1869:
1824:
1725:
1713:
1622:
1024:
367:
229:
217:
186:
174:
2692:
2068:, the first immediate forerunner state of Western civilization.
4039:
2919:
2899:
2894:
2310:
2215:
2157:
2152:, capital of Gallia Belgica, constructed between 186 and 200 AD
1989:
1945:
1901:
1757:
1609:
1597:
1564:
1069:
425:
359:
213:
170:
20:
2015:
4921:
3734:
3729:
3709:
2544:
2266:
2254:
2250:
2229:" (457–486) managed to maintain control over the area around
2200:
2180:
2176:
2149:
2085:
2009:
1997:
1981:
1929:
1911:
1893:
1792:
1788:
1765:
1749:
1737:
1721:
1688:
1684:
278:
271:
248:
245:
241:
225:
89:
80:
2576:. Trans. S.A. Handford (New York: Penguin, 1982), pp. 59-60.
1972:). Archaeologists have found evidence that large farms near
4690:
2270:
2184:
1919:
1828:
1800:
1773:
1769:
1589:
3043:. Empire permanently partitioned after 395. Exarchates of
1803:), which typically celebrated or worshipped the emperor's
236:
and others. The southern border of Belgica, formed by the
208:. An official Roman province was later created by emperor
5033:
States and territories disestablished in the 5th century
5028:
States and territories established in the 1st century BC
1948:, a Germanic tribe that lived along the shores of the
3479:
2495:
Gallia Belgica - Edith Mary Wightman - Google Boeken
2071:
2160:who were already living in Batavia were settled in
3073:
2645:(New York: Oxford University Press, 2006), p. 224.
2245:the former area of Gallia Belgica was split into
2048:, the Franks overran the neighbouring province of
1674:split Gaul (or Gallia Comata) into three regions (
5053:5th-century disestablishments in the Roman Empire
2121:
1851:
5019:
2641:, Daniel J. Gargola and Richard J. A. Talbert.
2422:and Dutch recognition of the new nation in the
2171:Eventually, in 406, a large alliance among the
2363:'Belgica Foederata' was the Latin name of the
4571:
4114:
4066:by the Eastern Empire in 534 as the separate
2981:
2678:
1935:
1827:(ruled 117-138 AD), showing, in northeastern
1539:
950:
2285:, the Carolingian Empire was divided by the
2091:
4711:Arrondissement of Sarrebourg-Château-Salins
4089:'s administrative reorganization in 534–536
2497:. Books.google.be. Retrieved on 2013-09-07.
2016:Crisis of the 3rd century and Gallic Empire
1868:. This included the eastern part of modern
1666:Following a census of the region in 27 BC,
1660:Droysens Allgemeiner historischer Handatlas
1649:
4578:
4564:
4121:
4107:
2988:
2974:
2685:
2671:
1702:The Romans divided the province into four
1658:Map of Roman Gaul with Belgica in orange (
1546:
1532:
957:
943:
251:, whom he distinguished from one another.
63:
3023:. Provincial administration reformed and
2558:
2444:List of Roman governors of Gallia Belgica
2210:In 452, a major battle was fought at the
1864:, later to be reorganized and renamed as
212:in 22 BC. The province was named for the
4701:Arrondissement of Forbach-Boulay-Moselle
2997:Late Roman and early Byzantine provinces
2604:(New York: Facts on File, 1994), p. 169.
2517:
2358:
2342:
2325:. Lotharingia was divided in 870 by the
2139:
2125:
1842:
1818:
1653:
1576:
2511:
2383:were then divided into the independent
2347:Representation of the Low Countries as
2241:kingdom. During the 8th century in the
5020:
2249:(roughly Belgica Secunda, main cities
1872:, the southernmost part of the modern
1691:. The date of this move is uncertain.
169:, in what is today primarily northern
4559:
4102:
4019:
4018:
3478:
3072:
3008:
2969:
2666:
2414:, created in 1815 was still known as
1814:
165:located in the north-eastern part of
4430:Palestine (Classical ~ Late Antique)
2694:Provinces of the early Roman Empire
2191:in the neighbourhood of present-day
16:Roman province (22 BC - 5th century)
1996:were either burnt down (Nemetacum (
13:
5063:Former states in the Low Countries
4370:Lebanon (Classical ~ Late Antique)
2524:, University of California Press,
2426:that the name became reserved for
14:
5079:
4306:Israel (Classical ~ Late Antique)
2412:United Kingdom of the Netherlands
2072:Reform of Diocletian (around 300)
1558:
333:Neolithic flint mines of Spiennes
4768:
4587:
4495:Syria (Classical ~ Late Antique)
4237:Egypt (Classical ~ Late Antique)
3429:Africa proconsularis (Zeugitana)
3055:in c. 640–660, although in
2943:
2601:Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire
2339:Terminology of the Low Countries
2183:, under great pressure from the
1823:The Roman empire in the time of
1515:
993:
926:
312:
192:In 50 BC, after the conquest by
4716:Arrondissement of Sarreguemines
3039:established after the death of
2648:
2632:
2619:
2607:
2402:Southern Netherlands under the
2106:(Trier) was the capital of the
3387:Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium
3311:Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy
2592:
2579:
2566:
2538:
2500:
2488:
2470:
2461:
2122:Germanic conquests (after 406)
2032:became emperor of a breakaway
1852:Reform of Domitian (around 90)
1642:in 52 BC, after the defeat of
277:The capital of Belgica Prima,
1:
5048:5th-century disestablishments
4751:Arrondissement of Neufchâteau
3454:Tripolitania (Roman province)
3032:
2643:A Brief History of the Romans
2614:The Cambridge Ancient History
2518:Wightman, Edith Mary (1985),
2454:
2329:under West and East Francia.
2131:
1956:. The attack occurred in the
116:• Established after the
4721:Arrondissement of Thionville
4666:Arrondissement of Bar-le-Duc
2655:Jona Lendering on livius.org
2483:Commentarii de Bello Gallico
2375:continued to be used in the
1839:(Belgium/Picardie/Champagne)
1783:Roman government was run by
7:
4756:Arrondissement of Saint-Dié
4631:Arrondissement of Lunéville
4062: Re-established after
3374:Diocese of Annonarian Italy
3009:
2437:
2261:(roughly Belgica Prima and
2114:wrote a famous poem on the
2022:Crisis of the Third Century
1602:lingua, institutis, legibus
281:, became an important late
10:
5084:
4671:Arrondissement of Commercy
2560:10.4000/etudesrurales.9499
2336:
2293:(the forerunner of modern
1940:In 173, the later emperor
1936:Attack by the Chauci (173)
1562:
181:, along with parts of the
18:
4904:
4838:
4777:
4766:
4729:
4684:
4649:
4609:
4602:
4142:
4052:
4035:Quaestura exercitus (536)
4025:
4014:
3944:
3851:
3763:
3695:
3652:
3641:
3589:
3551:
3503:
3492:
3488:
3474:
3419:
3372:
3309:
3298:
3256:
3208:
3160:
3097:
3086:
3082:
3068:
3015:
3004:
2952:
2941:
2703:
2332:
2092:Prosperous fourth century
1256:Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
456:Prince-Bishopric of Liège
258:brought the northeastern
148:
144:
140:
127:
114:
110:
100:
96:
72:
62:
57:
46:
32:
5058:Belgium in the Roman era
4746:Arrondissement of Épinal
4676:Arrondissement of Verdun
3911:Palaestina III Salutaris
3107:Alpes Poeninae et Graiae
2733:Alpes Graiae et Poeninae
2430:to the exclusion of the
2305:river) a part of which (
1650:Formation under Augustus
25:Belgica (disambiguation)
5068:Provinces of Roman Gaul
4636:Arrondissement of Nancy
4626:Arrondissement of Briey
4078: Placed under the
3439:Mauretania Caesariensis
3258:Diocese of the Britains
2880:Mauretania Caesariensis
2424:Treaty of London (1839)
2353:Claes Janszoon Visscher
2317:which was succeeded by
2130:The Provinces of Gaul,
2026:partition of the Empire
1395:Reign of Marie-Adélaïde
1366:20th and 21st centuries
730:20th and 21st centuries
4706:Arrondissement of Metz
4641:Arrondissement of Toul
4352:Late Antique/Medieval)
4195:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3921:Phoenice II Libanensis
3624:Macedonia II Salutaris
3037:praetorian prefectures
2999:(4th–7th centuries AD)
2853:Hispania Tarraconensis
2368:
2356:
2277:). After the death of
2153:
2137:
1848:
1847:Roman roads in Belgium
1840:
1663:
1593:
1329:Reign of Guillaume III
157:("Belgic Gaul") was a
23:. For other uses, see
4994:CdZ-Gebiet Lothringen
4924:) (22 BC–5th-century)
4137:in modern territories
3643:Praetorian prefecture
3518:Noricum mediterraneum
3494:Praetorian prefecture
3444:Mauretania Sitifensis
3339:Picenum Suburbicarium
3300:Praetorian prefecture
3088:Praetorian prefecture
3035: 293. Permanent
2625:Edith Mary Wightman,
2585:Gaius Julius Caesar.
2572:Gaius Julius Caesar.
2416:Royaume des Belgiques
2362:
2346:
2337:Further information:
2143:
2129:
1846:
1822:
1657:
1580:
1563:Further information:
1522:Luxembourg portal
1385:Reign of Guillaume IV
1318:Reign of Guillaume II
5043:22 BC establishments
4982:Lorraine and Barrois
4891:Rallye Alsace-Vosges
4074:Diocese of Illyricum
4068:Prefecture of Africa
3823:Galatia II Salutaris
3591:Diocese of Macedonia
3481:Eastern Roman Empire
3243:Mauretania Tingitana
3075:Western Roman Empire
2885:Mauretania Tingitana
2778:Corsica and Sardinia
2718:Africa proconsularis
2587:The Conquest of Gaul
2574:The Conquest of Gaul
2223:Western Roman Empire
2108:Western Roman Empire
1277:Reign of Guillaume I
811:Reign of Leopold III
582:Southern Netherlands
539:Northern Renaissance
4327:Sardinia (Classical
4200:Bulgaria (Classical
4080:Quaestura exercitus
3853:Diocese of the East
3843:Pontus Polemoniacus
3505:Diocese of Pannonia
3334:Lucania et Bruttium
3281:Maxima Caesariensis
3276:Flavia Caesariensis
2783:Crete and Cyrenaica
2758:Bithynia and Pontus
2381:Seventeen Provinces
2227:Kingdom of Soissons
2066:Merovingian kingdom
1809:concilium Galliarum
1468:Government in exile
1197:Revolutionary siege
1132:Duchy of Luxembourg
1122:House of Luxembourg
691:Reign of Leopold II
560:Seventeen Provinces
4944:Carolingian Empire
4611:Meurthe-et-Moselle
4246:Corsica (Classical
4166:Armenia (Classical
4147:Albania (Classical
3931:Syria II Salutaris
3788:Armenian Satrapies
3561:Dacia Mediterranea
3483:(395–c. 640)
3411:Venetia et Histria
3319:Apulia et Calabria
3020:Notitia Dignitatum
2870:Lycia et Pamphylia
2848:Hispania Lusitania
2828:Gallia Narbonensis
2823:Gallia Lugdunensis
2639:Mary T. Boatwright
2369:
2357:
2327:Treaty of Meerssen
2243:Carolingian Empire
2212:Catalaunian fields
2156:Around 350 Salian
2154:
2138:
2103:Augusta Treverorum
2082:Augusta Treverorum
1925:Augusta Treverorum
1849:
1841:
1815:Under the emperors
1680:Gallia Lugdunensis
1664:
1606:Germani cisrhenani
1594:
1424:Reign of Charlotte
1288:Belgian Revolution
1245:Congress of Vienna
933:Belgium portal
920: •
916: •
912: •
884:Reign of Albert II
670:Reign of Leopold I
660:Belgian Revolution
602:Brabant Revolution
483:Franco-Flemish War
206:Gallia Lugdunensis
129:• Ended with
86:Augusta Treverorum
5015:
5014:
4988:Bezirk Lothringen
4963:Duchy of Lorraine
4934:(5th-century–511)
4871:SLUC Nancy Basket
4764:
4763:
4553:
4552:
4535:Thrace (Classical
4527:Turkey (Classical
4319:Sicily (Classical
4266:Greece (Classical
4228:Cyprus (Classical
4214:Crimea (Classical
4209:Britain (England)
4096:
4095:
4058:Septem Provinciae
4048:
4047:
4020:Other territories
4010:
4009:
4006:
4005:
4002:
4001:
3793:Armenia III (536)
3765:Diocese of Pontus
3755:Phrygia Salutaris
3750:Phrygia Pacatiana
3654:Diocese of Thrace
3637:
3636:
3470:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3462:
3461:
3421:Diocese of Africa
3294:
3293:
3162:Diocese of Vienne
3152:Maxima Sequanorum
3064:
3063:
2963:
2962:
2915:Pannonia Superior
2910:Pannonia Inferior
2838:Germania Superior
2833:Germania Inferior
2697:
2408:Belgica Foederata
2404:Habsburgian crown
2385:Belgica Foederata
2263:Germania Inferior
2189:crossed the Rhine
2110:. The Roman poet
2050:Germania Inferior
2042:Battle of Châlons
2006:Bagacum Nerviorum
1878:Germania Superior
1862:Germania Inferior
1833:imperial province
1556:
1555:
1507:
1506:
1457:German occupation
1414:German occupation
1356:
1355:
1349:Full independence
1340:Luxembourg Crisis
1226:
1225:
1177:Louis XIV's siege
1150:
1149:
1111:Duchy of Lorraine
1053:
1052:
1014:Celtic Luxembourg
967:
966:
902:
901:
894:Reign of Philippe
874:Reign of Baudouin
843:German occupation
791:German occupation
748:Reign of Albert I
721:
720:
631:
630:
543:15th–16th century
522:
521:
464:
463:
417:Early Middle Ages
407:
406:
389:Ambiorix's revolt
341:
340:
264:Germania Inferior
260:Civitas Tungrorum
152:
151:
131:Frankish Kingdoms
58:22 BC–5th century
5075:
4976:Three Bishoprics
4972:(circa 950-1766)
4932:Ripuarian Franks
4821:
4772:
4739:
4694:
4659:
4619:
4607:
4606:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4580:
4573:
4566:
4557:
4556:
4481:Spain (Classical
4311:Italy (Classical
4274:Crete (Classical
4135:Byzantine Empire
4123:
4116:
4109:
4100:
4099:
4072: Later the
4056: Later the
4016:
4015:
3994:Thebais Inferior
3989:Thebais Superior
3946:Diocese of Egypt
3936:Theodorias (528)
3798:Armenia IV (536)
3650:
3649:
3553:Diocese of Dacia
3543:Valeria ripensis
3501:
3500:
3490:
3489:
3476:
3475:
3359:Tuscia et Umbria
3307:
3306:
3210:Diocese of Spain
3095:
3094:
3084:
3083:
3070:
3069:
3034:
3017:As found in the
3006:
3005:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2967:
2966:
2947:
2843:Hispania Baetica
2813:Gallia Aquitania
2695:
2687:
2680:
2673:
2664:
2663:
2657:
2652:
2646:
2636:
2630:
2623:
2617:
2611:
2605:
2598:Matthew Bunson.
2596:
2590:
2583:
2577:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2562:
2542:
2536:
2534:
2515:
2509:
2504:
2498:
2492:
2486:
2474:
2468:
2465:
2287:Treaty of Verdun
2136:
2133:
2058:Ripuarian Franks
1976:and the village
1866:Germania Secunda
1676:Gallia Aquitania
1548:
1541:
1534:
1520:
1519:
1518:
1375:Reign of Adolphe
1371:
1370:
1307:Treaty of London
1241:
1240:
1163:
1162:
1066:
1065:
1010:
1009:
997:
987:
969:
968:
959:
952:
945:
931:
930:
929:
734:
733:
713:Congo Free State
681:Treaty of London
646:
645:
613:Liège Revolution
535:
534:
479:
478:
422:
421:
356:
355:
329:
328:
316:
306:
288:
287:
202:Gallia Aquitania
67:
30:
29:
5083:
5082:
5078:
5077:
5076:
5074:
5073:
5072:
5018:
5017:
5016:
5011:
4900:
4866:US Raon-l'Étape
4851:FC Metz (women)
4834:
4807:
4773:
4760:
4733:
4725:
4688:
4680:
4653:
4645:
4613:
4598:
4588:
4586:
4584:
4554:
4549:
4507:Early Medieval)
4420:The Netherlands
4331:Early Medieval)
4250:Early Medieval)
4138:
4129:History of the
4127:
4097:
4092:
4044:
4021:
3998:
3974:Augustamnica II
3940:
3847:
3759:
3697:Diocese of Asia
3691:
3644:
3633:
3619:Macedonia Prima
3585:
3547:
3523:Noricum ripense
3495:
3484:
3458:
3415:
3368:
3301:
3290:
3252:
3204:
3170:Alpes Maritimae
3156:
3142:Lugdunensis III
3099:Diocese of Gaul
3089:
3078:
3077:(395–476)
3060:
3027:established by
3011:
3000:
2994:
2964:
2959:
2948:
2939:
2900:Moesia Superior
2895:Moesia Inferior
2728:Alpes Maritimae
2699:
2691:
2661:
2660:
2653:
2649:
2637:
2633:
2624:
2620:
2612:
2608:
2597:
2593:
2584:
2580:
2571:
2567:
2543:
2539:
2532:
2516:
2512:
2505:
2501:
2493:
2489:
2475:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2457:
2440:
2341:
2335:
2323:Salic patrimony
2283:Louis the Pious
2134:
2124:
2094:
2074:
2018:
1942:Didius Julianus
1938:
1854:
1817:
1652:
1588:'s conquest of
1584:at the time of
1575:
1561:
1552:
1516:
1514:
1509:
1508:
1446:German invasion
1368:
1358:
1357:
1238:
1228:
1227:
1160:
1152:
1151:
1063:
1055:
1054:
1007:
985:
978:
963:
927:
925:
924:
904:
903:
731:
723:
722:
643:
633:
632:
532:
524:
523:
493:Burgundian rule
476:
466:
465:
419:
409:
408:
353:
343:
342:
326:
304:
297:
268:English Channel
133:
120:
84:
68:
42:
38:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5081:
5071:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5038:Gallia Belgica
5035:
5030:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5009:
5003:
4997:
4991:
4985:
4979:
4973:
4967:
4959:
4953:
4950:Middle Francia
4947:
4941:
4935:
4925:
4914:Gallia Belgica
4910:
4908:
4902:
4901:
4899:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4886:Gamyo d'Épinal
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4842:
4840:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4783:
4781:
4775:
4774:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4759:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4742:
4740:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4697:
4695:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4662:
4660:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4622:
4620:
4604:
4600:
4599:
4583:
4582:
4575:
4568:
4560:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4542:
4524:
4521:Roman Carthage
4514:
4509:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4354:
4342:
4334:
4308:
4303:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4239:
4234:
4225:
4220:
4211:
4206:
4204:High Medieval)
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4126:
4125:
4118:
4111:
4103:
4094:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4083:
4076:
4070:
4060:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4012:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4004:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3984:Libya Inferior
3981:
3979:Libya Superior
3976:
3971:
3969:Augustamnica I
3966:
3961:
3956:
3950:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3857:
3855:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3769:
3767:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3725:Lycaonia (370)
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3701:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3658:
3656:
3647:
3639:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3595:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3566:Dacia Ripensis
3563:
3557:
3555:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3509:
3507:
3498:
3486:
3485:
3472:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3425:
3423:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3389:
3384:
3378:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3315:
3313:
3304:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3262:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3228:Carthaginensis
3225:
3220:
3214:
3212:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3195:Novempopulania
3192:
3190:Narbonensis II
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3166:
3164:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3147:Lugdunensis IV
3144:
3139:
3137:Lugdunensis II
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3103:
3101:
3092:
3080:
3079:
3066:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3002:
3001:
2993:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2970:
2961:
2960:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2818:Gallia Belgica
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2750:
2745:
2740:
2738:Arabia Petraea
2735:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2690:
2689:
2682:
2675:
2667:
2659:
2658:
2647:
2631:
2627:Gallia Belgica
2618:
2606:
2591:
2578:
2565:
2547:Études rurales
2537:
2530:
2521:Gallia Belgica
2510:
2499:
2487:
2469:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2439:
2436:
2420:modern Belgium
2392:Dutch Republic
2365:Dutch Republic
2334:
2331:
2315:Middle Francia
2265:, main cities
2123:
2120:
2093:
2090:
2073:
2070:
2017:
2014:
1958:drainage basin
1937:
1934:
1853:
1850:
1837:Gallia Belgica
1816:
1813:
1672:Marcus Agrippa
1651:
1648:
1582:Gallia Belgica
1560:
1559:Roman conquest
1557:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1499:Reign of Henri
1495:
1494:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1477: •
1474:
1473:
1470:
1466: •
1463:
1462:
1459:
1455: •
1452:
1451:
1448:
1444: •
1441:
1440:
1437:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1412: •
1409:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1369:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1338: •
1335:
1334:
1331:
1327: •
1324:
1323:
1320:
1316: •
1313:
1312:
1309:
1305: •
1302:
1301:
1298:
1297:Personal union
1294:
1293:
1290:
1286: •
1283:
1282:
1279:
1275: •
1272:
1271:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1254: •
1251:
1250:
1247:
1239:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1216: •
1213:
1212:
1209:
1203:
1202:
1199:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1169:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1120: •
1117:
1116:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1089: •
1086:
1085:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1050:
1049:90 AD–c.500 AD
1047:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1027:
1023: •
1020:
1019:
1016:
1008:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
990:
989:
980:
979:
972:
965:
964:
962:
961:
954:
947:
939:
936:
935:
918:Jewish history
906:
905:
900:
899:
896:
890:
889:
886:
880:
879:
876:
870:
869:
866:
864:Royal Question
860:
859:
856:
852: •
849:
848:
845:
841: •
838:
837:
834:
830: •
827:
826:
823:
817:
816:
813:
807:
806:
803:
797:
796:
793:
789: •
786:
785:
782:
778: •
775:
774:
771:
767: •
764:
763:
760:
754:
753:
750:
744:
743:
740:
732:
729:
728:
725:
724:
719:
718:
715:
711: •
708:
707:
704:
700: •
697:
696:
693:
687:
686:
683:
679: •
676:
675:
672:
666:
665:
662:
656:
655:
652:
644:
639:
638:
635:
634:
629:
628:
625:
619:
618:
615:
611: •
608:
607:
604:
600: •
597:
596:
593:
587:
586:
584:
580: •
577:
576:
573:
569: •
566:
565:
562:
558: •
555:
554:
551:
545:
544:
541:
533:
530:
529:
526:
525:
520:
519:
516:
510:
509:
506:
502: •
499:
498:
495:
489:
488:
485:
477:
472:
471:
468:
467:
462:
461:
458:
452:
451:
448:
442:
441:
438:
432:
431:
428:
420:
415:
414:
411:
410:
405:
404:
403:51 BC–c.500 AD
401:
395:
394:
391:
387: •
384:
383:
380:
374:
373:
370:
354:
349:
348:
345:
344:
339:
338:
335:
327:
322:
321:
318:
317:
309:
308:
299:
298:
291:
270:and the upper
155:Gallia Belgica
150:
149:
146:
145:
142:
141:
138:
137:
134:
128:
125:
124:
121:
115:
112:
111:
108:
107:
102:
101:Historical era
98:
97:
94:
93:
74:
70:
69:
60:
59:
55:
54:
44:
43:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5080:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5025:
5023:
5007:
5004:
5001:
4998:
4995:
4992:
4989:
4986:
4983:
4980:
4977:
4974:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4964:
4960:
4957:
4954:
4951:
4948:
4945:
4942:
4939:
4936:
4933:
4929:
4926:
4923:
4919:
4915:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4907:
4903:
4897:
4896:Lorraine Open
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4876:Metz Handball
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4843:
4841:
4837:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4819:
4815:
4811:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4784:
4782:
4780:
4776:
4771:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4743:
4741:
4737:
4732:
4728:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4707:
4704:
4702:
4699:
4698:
4696:
4692:
4687:
4683:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4657:
4652:
4648:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4617:
4612:
4608:
4605:
4601:
4596:
4581:
4576:
4574:
4569:
4567:
4562:
4561:
4558:
4546:
4543:
4540:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4525:
4522:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4504:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4485:Late Antique)
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4380:Liechtenstein
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4349:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4335:
4332:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4298:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4279:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4264:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4170:Late Antique)
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4145:
4144:
4141:
4136:
4132:
4124:
4119:
4117:
4112:
4110:
4105:
4104:
4101:
4088:
4084:
4081:
4077:
4075:
4071:
4069:
4065:
4061:
4059:
4055:
4054:
4051:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4027:
4024:
4017:
4013:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3947:
3943:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3906:Palaestina II
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3813:Cappadocia II
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3783:Armenia Maior
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3640:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3491:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3473:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3382:Alpes Cottiae
3380:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3297:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3249:
3248:Tarraconensis
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3207:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3185:Narbonensis I
3183:
3181:
3180:Aquitanica II
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3132:Lugdunensis I
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3085:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3067:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3041:Constantine I
3038:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3021:
3014:
3007:
3003:
2998:
2991:
2986:
2984:
2979:
2977:
2972:
2971:
2968:
2957:
2951:
2946:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2736:
2734:
2731:
2729:
2726:
2724:
2723:Alpes Cottiae
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2702:
2698:
2688:
2683:
2681:
2676:
2674:
2669:
2668:
2665:
2656:
2651:
2644:
2640:
2635:
2628:
2622:
2615:
2610:
2603:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2582:
2575:
2569:
2561:
2556:
2553:(2): 93–111,
2552:
2548:
2541:
2533:
2531:9780520052970
2527:
2523:
2522:
2514:
2508:
2507:Geography 4.1
2503:
2496:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2473:
2464:
2460:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2396:Belgica Regia
2393:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2377:Low Countries
2374:
2366:
2361:
2354:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2307:Ile de France
2304:
2301:(west of the
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2206:
2202:
2199:(present-day
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2169:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2151:
2147:
2142:
2135: 400 AD
2128:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2062:Salian Franks
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2034:Gallic Empire
2031:
2027:
2023:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1964:(present-day
1963:
1960:of the river
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1845:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1821:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1742:Saint-Quentin
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1724:(replaced by
1723:
1719:
1715:
1712:(replaced by
1711:
1707:
1706:
1700:
1698:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1661:
1656:
1647:
1645:
1644:Vercingetorix
1641:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1591:
1587:
1586:Julius Caesar
1583:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1569:Gallia Comata
1566:
1549:
1544:
1542:
1537:
1535:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1513:
1512:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1490:
1489:Reign of Jean
1487:
1486:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1417:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1361:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1325:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1231:
1221:
1219:
1218:Peasants' War
1215:
1214:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1188:
1187:Austrian rule
1185:
1184:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1156:
1155:
1145:
1143:
1142:Habsburg rule
1140:
1139:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1059:
1058:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1021:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1005:Early history
1001:
1000:
996:
992:
991:
988:
982:
981:
976:
971:
970:
960:
955:
953:
948:
946:
941:
940:
938:
937:
934:
923:
919:
915:
911:
908:
907:
897:
895:
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829:
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801:Ruanda-Urundi
799:
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770:
766:
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749:
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741:
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738:Belgian Congo
736:
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626:
624:
621:
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616:
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610:
609:
605:
603:
599:
598:
594:
592:
591:Austrian rule
589:
588:
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583:
579:
578:
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572:
568:
567:
563:
561:
557:
556:
552:
550:
547:
546:
542:
540:
537:
536:
528:
527:
517:
515:
514:Habsburg rule
512:
511:
507:
505:
504:Wars of Liège
501:
500:
496:
494:
491:
490:
486:
484:
481:
480:
475:
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469:
459:
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330:
325:
320:
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315:
311:
310:
307:
301:
300:
295:
290:
289:
286:
284:
283:western Roman
280:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
252:
250:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
194:Julius Caesar
190:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
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164:
160:
156:
147:
143:
139:
135:
132:
126:
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119:
113:
109:
106:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
82:
78:
75:
71:
66:
61:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
31:
26:
22:
4970:Duchy of Bar
4961:
4918:Mediomatrici
4913:
4825:Demographics
4787:Coat of arms
4500:Vatican City
4453:Saudi Arabia
4425:North Africa
4189:
4040:Spania (552)
3901:Palaestina I
3881:Euphratensis
3828:Helenopontus
3808:Cappadocia I
3715:Hellespontus
3614:Epirus Vetus
3581:Praevalitana
3496:of Illyricum
3286:Valentia (?)
3271:Britannia II
3175:Aquitanica I
3053:theme system
3018:
2857:
2817:
2650:
2642:
2634:
2626:
2621:
2613:
2609:
2599:
2594:
2586:
2581:
2573:
2568:
2550:
2546:
2540:
2535:pages 12-14.
2520:
2513:
2502:
2490:
2481:
2477:
2472:
2463:
2415:
2407:
2399:
2395:
2388:
2384:
2372:
2370:
2349:Leo Belgicus
2299:West Francia
2291:East Francia
2220:
2209:
2170:
2155:
2102:
2095:
2081:
2075:
2046:Rhine border
2019:
1939:
1923:
1915:
1907:Durocortorum
1905:
1897:
1889:
1881:
1855:
1836:
1782:
1777:
1729:
1717:
1716:as Menapian
1703:
1701:
1693:
1665:
1659:
1628:
1601:
1595:
1581:
1434:World War II
1404:World War I:
1236:19th century
1167:Spanish rule
1159:Early Modern
1101:Carolingians
1080:Merovingians
1044:
821:World War II
641:19th century
571:Dutch Revolt
549:Spanish rule
531:Early Modern
446:Carolingians
436:Merovingians
398:
337:4300–2200 BC
276:
253:
222:Mediomatrici
191:
163:Roman Empire
154:
153:
77:Durocortorum
52:Roman Empire
40:Gallia Belgæ
39:
36:𐌁𐌏𐌋𐌂𐌏𐌉
35:
5002:(1945–2016)
4996:(1940–1945)
4990:(1871–1918)
4984:(1766–1790)
4978:(1552-1790)
4956:Lotharingia
4881:ASPTT Nancy
4603:Departments
4490:Switzerland
4456:(Classical)
4438:(Classical)
4360:(Classical)
4340:(Classical)
4087:Justinian I
3959:Aegyptus II
3891:Mesopotamia
3838:Paphlagonia
3667:Haemimontus
3645:of the East
3609:Epirus Nova
3533:Pannonia II
3266:Britannia I
3127:Germania II
2958:'s reforms.
2890:Mesopotamia
2449:Saxon shore
2432:Netherlands
2319:Lotharingia
2279:Charlemagne
2239:Merovingian
2205:Via Belgica
2146:Porta Nigra
1898:Samarobriva
1874:Netherlands
1728:as Nervian
1573:Gallic Wars
1207:French rule
1062:Middle Ages
1035:Gallic Wars
984:History of
758:World War I
623:French rule
474:Middle Ages
378:Gallic Wars
303:History of
198:Gallic Wars
196:during his
183:Netherlands
136:5th century
118:Gallic Wars
33:Belgic Gaul
5022:Categories
4965:(959–1766)
4861:SAS Épinal
4810:Franconian
4806:Languages
4656:Bar-le-Duc
4503:(Classical
4448:San Marino
4410:Montenegro
4385:Luxembourg
4348:(Classical
4297:(Classical
4175:Azerbaijan
4064:reconquest
3954:Aegyptus I
3916:Phoenice I
3871:Cilicia II
3778:Armenia II
3528:Pannonia I
3200:Viennensis
3122:Germania I
3117:Belgica II
3057:Asia Minor
3029:Diocletian
2956:Diocletian
2768:Cappadocia
2455:References
2371:The name
2221:After the
2078:Diocletian
2002:Thérouanne
1950:Wadden Sea
1734:Thérouanne
1697:Romanizing
1619:Viromandui
1615:Suessiones
1266:Dutch rule
1045:Roman rule
986:Luxembourg
780:Atrocities
702:School War
650:Dutch rule
399:Roman rule
324:Prehistory
256:Diocletian
179:Luxembourg
167:Roman Gaul
5006:Grand Est
4958:(855–959)
4952:(843–855)
4946:(751–843)
4940:(511–751)
4938:Austrasia
4539:Medieval)
4531:Medieval)
4395:Macedonia
4323:Medieval)
4315:Medieval)
4301:Medieval)
4278:Medieval)
4270:Medieval)
4232:Medieval)
4218:Medieval)
4151:Medieval)
3866:Cilicia I
3818:Galatia I
3773:Armenia I
3740:Pamphylia
3672:Moesia II
3629:Thessalia
3406:Raetia II
3238:Lusitania
3233:Gallaecia
3223:Balearica
3112:Belgica I
2875:Macedonia
2763:Britannia
2259:Austrasia
2162:Texandria
2054:Rhineland
2020:With the
1986:Atrebates
1916:Dividorum
1890:Nemetacum
1882:Camaracum
1778:civitates
1705:civitates
1640:Bellovaci
1632:Suessione
1592:in 54 BCE
1493:1964-2000
1479:Holocaust
1428:1919-1964
1379:1890-1905
1211:1795–1815
1171:1556–1714
1146:1482–1556
1136:1352-1482
1091:Austrasia
888:1993–2013
854:Holocaust
717:1885–1908
695:1865–1909
627:1793–1815
575:1568–1648
553:1556–1714
518:1482–1556
497:1384–1482
487:1297–1305
285:capital.
105:Antiquity
5000:Lorraine
4928:Alemanni
4856:AS Nancy
4830:Religion
4818:Alsatian
4595:Lorraine
4476:Slovenia
4471:Slovakia
4461:Scotland
4435:Portugal
4284:Guernsey
3833:Honorias
3803:Bithynia
3576:Moesia I
3571:Dardania
3513:Dalmatia
3434:Byzacena
3401:Raetia I
3349:Sardinia
3324:Campania
3302:of Italy
3025:dioceses
2798:Dalmatia
2713:Aegyptus
2696:(117 AD)
2438:See also
2394:and the
2281:'s son,
2247:Neustria
2231:Soissons
2197:Hispania
2112:Ausonius
2076:Emperor
2056:(to the
2038:Aurelian
2030:Postumus
2024:and the
1994:Nervians
1992:and the
1966:Flanders
1858:Domitian
1799:(modern
1797:Lugdunum
1785:Concilia
1776:. These
1762:Tongeren
1754:Beauvais
1746:Soissons
1695:between
1668:Augustus
1039:58–50 BC
975:a series
973:Part of
914:Military
910:Timeline
832:Invasion
769:Invasion
460:980–1789
393:54–53 BC
382:58–50 BC
364:Eburones
294:a series
292:Part of
234:Helvetii
210:Augustus
159:province
48:Province
5008:(2016–)
4906:History
4846:FC Metz
4814:Lorrain
4779:Culture
4686:Moselle
4517:Tunisia
4512:Ukraine
4443:Romania
4415:Morocco
4400:Moldova
4289:Hungary
4261:Germany
4256:Georgia
4223:Croatia
4190:Belgium
4185:Balkans
4180:Austria
4161:Andorra
4156:Algeria
4030:Taurica
3964:Arcadia
3926:Syria I
3896:Osroene
3886:Isauria
3745:Pisidia
3720:Islands
3687:Thracia
3682:Scythia
3677:Rhodope
3396:Aemilia
3392:Liguria
3364:Valeria
3354:Sicilia
3344:Samnium
3329:Corsica
3218:Baetica
3090:of Gaul
3045:Ravenna
3010:History
2935:Thracia
2925:Sicilia
2905:Noricum
2808:Galatia
2773:Cilicia
2753:Assyria
2743:Armenia
2428:Belgium
2398:or the
2389:federal
2387:or the
2373:Belgica
2303:Scheldt
2295:Germany
2275:Cologne
2193:Koblenz
2173:Vandals
2116:Mosella
2098:Moselle
2040:in the
1978:Velzeke
1974:Tournai
1970:Hainaut
1962:Scheldt
1954:Germany
1886:Cambrai
1870:Belgium
1825:Hadrian
1730:civitas
1726:Cambrai
1718:civitas
1714:Tournai
1662:, 1886)
1623:Ambiani
1472:1940-45
1461:1940-45
1418:1914-18
1399:1912-19
1389:1905-12
1333:1849-90
1322:1840–49
1300:1839–90
1292:1830–31
1281:1815-40
1270:1815–30
1201:1794–95
1191:1714–95
1105:751–987
1084:481–751
1025:Treveri
878:1951–93
868:1944–50
858:1941–44
847:1940–44
825:1940–45
815:1934–51
805:1922–62
795:1914–18
762:1914–18
752:1909–34
742:1908–60
706:1879–84
674:1831–65
664:1830–31
654:1815–30
617:1789–91
606:1789–90
595:1714–93
564:1549–81
508:1465–68
450:751–987
440:481–751
368:Treveri
351:Ancient
305:Belgium
230:Sequani
218:Treveri
187:Germany
175:Belgium
161:of the
73:Capital
50:of the
4920:&
4839:Sports
4802:People
4797:Symbol
4736:Épinal
4731:Vosges
4597:topics
4592:
4466:Serbia
4405:Monaco
4365:Kuwait
4357:Kosovo
4345:Jordan
4337:Jersey
4242:France
4082:in 536
3876:Cyprus
3861:Arabia
3662:Europa
3599:Achaea
3049:Africa
2920:Raetia
2865:Iudaea
2859:Italia
2803:Epirus
2788:Cyprus
2708:Achaia
2528:
2355:, 1611
2333:Legacy
2313:, and
2311:France
2257:) and
2235:Clovis
2216:Attila
2166:Kempen
2158:Franks
2052:. The
2004:) and
1990:Morini
1980:(near
1946:Chauci
1922:) and
1902:Amiens
1831:, the
1805:genius
1758:Amiens
1710:Cassel
1634:king,
1610:Strabo
1598:Belgae
1571:, and
1565:Belgae
1439:
1407:
1126:
1095:
1074:
1070:Franks
1029:
1018:~51 BC
977:on the
430:
426:Franks
372:~51 BC
366:&
360:Belgae
296:on the
246:Celtic
214:Belgae
177:, and
171:France
21:Belgae
4922:Leuci
4651:Meuse
4616:Nancy
4545:Wales
4390:Malta
4375:Libya
4131:Roman
3735:Lydia
3730:Lycia
3710:Caria
3604:Creta
3538:Savia
2930:Syria
2793:Dacia
2400:royal
2267:Trier
2255:Reims
2251:Paris
2201:Spain
2181:Suebi
2177:Alans
2150:Trier
2086:Meuse
2010:Bavay
1998:Arras
1982:Ghent
1930:Trier
1912:Reims
1894:Arras
1793:Trier
1789:Reims
1766:Trier
1750:Reims
1738:Arras
1722:Bavay
1689:Trier
1685:Reims
1636:Galba
1503:2000-
1352:1890-
1260:1815–
898:2013~
279:Trier
272:Meuse
262:into
249:Gauls
242:Seine
238:Marne
226:Leuci
123:22 BC
90:Trier
81:Reims
4792:Flag
4691:Metz
4294:Iraq
4133:and
3705:Asia
3047:and
2748:Asia
2526:ISBN
2271:Metz
2185:Huns
2179:and
2144:The
1968:and
1920:Metz
1829:Gaul
1801:Lyon
1774:Metz
1772:and
1770:Toul
1621:and
1590:Gaul
1483:1941
1450:1940
1344:1867
1311:1839
1249:1815
1222:1798
1181:1684
1115:959~
922:LGBT
836:1940
784:1914
773:1914
685:1839
240:and
204:and
185:and
3394:et
2555:doi
2480:",
2351:by
2297:),
2168:.
2148:of
2012:).
1932:).
1914:),
1904:),
1896:),
1888:),
1835:of
1791:or
1787:in
1732:),
1720:),
1608:. (
274:).
5024::
4816:,
4812:,
4537:-
4529:-
4505:-
4483:-
4350:-
4329:-
4325:,
4321:-
4313:-
4299:-
4276:-
4268:-
4248:-
4230:-
4216:-
4202:-
4168:-
4149:-
3033:c.
3031:,
2549:,
2434:.
2406:.
2273:,
2269:,
2253:,
2237:'
2175:,
2132:c.
2118:.
2088:.
1988:,
1768:,
1764:,
1760:,
1756:,
1752:,
1748:,
1744:,
1740:,
1736:,
1678:,
1617:,
1567:,
362:,
232:,
228:,
224:,
220:,
189:.
173:,
83:)
4930:/
4916:(
4820:)
4808:(
4738:)
4734:(
4693:)
4689:(
4658:)
4654:(
4618:)
4614:(
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4572:t
4565:v
4541:)
4533:(
4523:)
4519:(
4333:)
4317:(
4280:)
4272:(
4252:)
4244:(
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2367:.
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1928:(
1918:(
1910:(
1900:(
1892:(
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1436::
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