994:
5158:
498:
20:
645:
277:
1264:
369:
181:
5408:
1390:
769:
765:. This will allow a direct comparison between battery electric and hydrogen fuel cell buses, to guide future purchasing decisions in light of a desire for a zero emission bus fleet. AC Transit noted that they had the "most comprehensive zero-emission bus (ZEB) program in the United States", and had run 3,200,000 miles (5,100,000 km) of service with zero emission buses since 2000.
4268:
Hydrogen buses have a longer range, about 300 to 350 miles per refueling, versus 175 to 200 miles per charge for an electric battery. Since hydrogen buses need to refuel only by filling their tanks up with hydrogen gas, they take about 15 minutes to fuel; battery electric buses can take several hours
4023:
But when the Santa Cruz
Metropolitan Transport District (Santa Cruz Metro) test-drove one of the "best electric buses money could buy for our needs" — weighing it down with sandbags to replicate the weight of its full passenger capacity — it had problems navigating the steep hills outside the coastal
1041:
of a battery). Hydrogen fuel cell buses have a greater range and longer run time than battery electric buses, with a range of around 450 kilometres (280 mi) before refuelling – compared to around 250 kilometres (160 mi) between charges for a battery electric bus. Hydrogen also has a higher
4680:
Tree told me that Metro, in the early stages, would be looking at about $ 9 to $ 13 per gallon equivalent of compressed hydrogen fuel. In
California, diesel rose to an average price of about $ 6.43 per gallon as of Sept. 28. Tree was quick to note, however, that hydrogen fuel cell vehicles get more
1154:
reported that their hydrogen fuel cell buses cost around the same as their diesel buses to operate. London reported that the cost of hydrogen was around £6 per kilogram in 2023, roughly comparable with the cost of diesel fuel. Santa Cruz noted in 2023 that hydrogen cost around $ 9 to $ 13 a gallon
961:
A 2023 research paper estimated that just 4% of zero emission vehicles will be hydrogen fuel cell powered by 2044, with a "low penetration of fuel cell city buses" located only in countries with hydrogen infrastructure and on bus routes where it is unfeasible for battery electric buses to operate.
380:
In 2006, the
Federal Transit Administration announced the National Fuel Cell Bus Technology Development Program. $ 49 million in federal grants would be provided to transit agencies to help develop and test hydrogen fuel cell buses, to improve the potential commercialisation of them. In 2003,
1117:
stated that the cost of hydrogen fuel was around $ 9 a kilogram, roughly comparing it to $ 2 a gallon for diesel. It further noted that the total cost per mile (including maintenance) was around $ 1 per mile for diesel and around $ 6.50 per mile for hydrogen. In Europe, the
1208:
cost ¥100 million (€710,000) for a six-year lease, whereas a diesel bus costs around ¥24 million (€170,000). Local authorities have subsidised the cost of the buses to get them into service. In South Korea, the government subsidises the purchase of ₩700 million (€470,000)
1042:
energy storage density than batteries. Furthermore, as batteries are made larger to increase range – they become heavier, decreasing energy efficiency. Hydrogen fuel cell buses therefore weigh less than battery electric buses – up to 11,000 pounds (5,000 kg) lighter.
962:
The paper also noted potential for intercity coaches and buses to be powered by hydrogen fuel cells. Other reports indicated growth in fuel cell buses, with
Solaris indicating that they had over 500 buses on order, with a 44% market share for fuel cell buses in Europe.
1081:
As of 2023, research shows that hydrogen fuel cell buses are more expensive to operate than battery electric buses, owing to the higher cost of the vehicles and the hydrogen fuel used, as well as the inefficiency of using a hydrogen fuel cell compared to a battery.
1155:(compared to around $ 6 a gallon for diesel fuel), however they noted that fuel cell buses get "more than twice as much mileage out of a gallon-equivalent of hydrogen as a gallon of diesel", making direct comparisons between the two fuels challenging.
355:
Completed in 2007, the projects were deemed a success by researchers. However, the buses were criticised by some operators for their high cost of operation, with Madrid reporting that they were around ten times as costly to fuel. Dedicated
1638:
hydrogen is considered "brown hydrogen" because of the carbon footprint left by producing the fuel, which is made almost entirely by natural gas. Green hydrogen, which is hydrogen fuel produced and delivered with zero emissions, remains
1230:
Research groups such as H2Bus
Consortium are working to lower the cost of hydrogen fuel cell buses to the level of diesel buses, with volume orders and mass production allowing manufacturers to take advantage of economies of scale.
4269:
to recharge. And since hydrogen buses have only a hydrogen tank and a fuel cell, they can be as much as 11,000 pounds lighter than a bus lined with heavy electric batteries, making their travels less taxing on roads and bridges.
863:. This followed the announcement of the 'National Hydrogen Strategy' in Germany, which made clear that hydrogen fuel cell buses were a feasible alternative for long-distance routes. Mercedes-Benz announced that their popular
4575:[Hydrogen technology is promising," confirmed Michaël Delafosse on January 4. But we were helped on the investment but not on the operation. However, it would be six times more expensive than with electric buses.]
1140:, France, cancelled a contract to procure 51 buses powered by hydrogen fuel cells, when it found that the cost of operation was 6 times more expensive than electric buses. The city ordered battery electric buses instead.
96:
in the presence of a catalyst, the by-product of which is water. This electricity is used as a power source for an electric motor, which drives the wheels of the bus. Some companies have proposed using the fuel cell as a
1072:
has a range of 280 kilometres (170 mi) as a battery electric model, with the eCitaro fuel cell bus having a range of 400 kilometres (250 mi) thanks to a 60 kW Toyota fuel cell that recharges the battery.
1045:
Hydrogen fuel cell buses are less affected by temperature, with consistent power and range at extreme hot or cold temperatures. Operators of battery electric buses have reported shorter range in low temperatures, with
446:
In 2010, eight hydrogen buses were introduced into service in London, with a substantially larger range than the fuel cell buses used in the mid-2000s. At the time, this was the largest hydrogen bus fleet in Europe.
4572:
La technologie hydrogène est prometteuse, confirmait Michaël
Delafosse le 4 janvier. Mais nous étions aidés sur l'investissement mais pas sur le fonctionnement. Or, il reviendrait six fois plus cher qu'avec des bus
1173:
In 2007, the
National Renewable Energy Laboratory stated that the purchase price of a hydrogen fuel cell bus was around $ 2–3m, a standard diesel bus was around $ 330,000 and a hybrid bus was around $ 480,000.
886:. The managing director of IDFM stated that they wished to send a signal with their first order that bus manufacturers should "improve the technology, bring it to maturity, produce it and we will be there".
4555:
4430:
360:
were also required to be built. The buses in
Beijing – the first fuel cell buses in China – were withdrawn after one year, as air pollution reduced the efficiency and operating life of the fuel cells.
4152:
1136:
reported that the cost of fuelling a hydrogen fuel cell bus is around 2.6 times higher than an equivalent diesel bus, with brown hydrogen predominately used in Japan. In
January 2022, the city of
515:. Some early adopters of fuel cell buses have opted to focus on battery electric buses, with London having 950 battery electric buses, and 20 hydrogen fuel cell buses in their fleet as of 2023.
938:
In 2023, issues regarding the cost of hydrogen compared to electricity led to several transit agencies cancelling their orders. However other agencies continued to order fuel cell buses – with
685:
were planned from
November 2021, with further tests in Germany also announced. The ElecCity has a range of over 500 kilometres (310 mi), and a maximum output of 180 kW. The cities of
65:. The only emission from the bus is water. Several cities around the world have trialled and tested fuel cell buses, with over 5,600 buses in use worldwide, the majority of which are in China.
897:. Media reported that the buses have a range of around 600 km, and can be refilled in around 10 to 15 minutes. These buses had previously been used at the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics.
4007:
4284:
1037:
Unlike battery electric buses, hydrogen fuel cell buses can be refuelled in around 10 minutes, compared to an overnight charge for electric buses (or an energy intensive, high current
3906:
1197:
cost around €850,000 to purchase in 2014 and €590,000 to purchase in 2020, and that prices had fallen further – with new hydrogen fuel cell buses costing around €500,000 in 2023.
412:. The fleet of 20 hydrogen fuel cell buses was the largest in the world at the time, with the project costing around $ 94 million. Unlike previous projects, the hydrogen used was
317:. The project was supported by a consortium of transportation operators, hydrogen infrastructure and fuel cell developers, universities and city authorities. Three other cities –
2884:
1053:
Battery electric buses are more efficient than hydrogen fuel cell buses on an energy basis, owing to the relative inefficiency of a hydrogen fuel cell compared to a battery.
4933:
3051:
1285:
A wide variety of companies are currently producing hydrogen fuel cell buses. Bus manufacturers usually work with a provider of hydrogen fuel cells to power the bus, such as
3252:
2012:
161:
work involved demonstrating that fuel cells could be packaged into a bus, and successfully power one. Between 1994 and 1995, the Georgetown Fuel Cell Bus Program (led by
73:
Owing to the greenhouse gas emissions and particulate pollution produced by diesel buses, transport operators have been moving towards greener and cleaner buses (such as
3571:
2508:
Back in 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, only 3 units hydrogen fuel cell buses were put into operation. The figure jumped to 196 units in 2010 World Expo held in Shanghai.
2366:
451:
acknowledged the high cost of the buses and the high cost in fuelling them, but noted that they " the costs to drop dramatically" as they become commercially viable.
2442:
1175:
845:
2918:
1144:
924:
81:) since the early 2000s. However, battery electric buses lack range compared to diesel buses, take time to charge and have reduced energy storage in cold weather.
2628:
958:
ordered 57 fuel cell buses at a cost of $ 87 million, after tests showed that fully loaded battery electric buses were not suited to the hilly roads of the area.
3705:
2292:
3469:
4061:
3026:
1223:
In the United States, it was reported in 2022 that a hydrogen bus cost around $ 1.2 million to purchase, compared to $ 750,000 for a battery electric bus.
1056:
The cost of fuelling Hydrogen buses is higher than battery buses. Costs of both battery electric buses and hydrogen fuel cell buses has fallen over time.
1090:
The cost of fuelling buses has varied substantially, due to the cost and availability of hydrogen. Some transit operators have been able to use hydrogen
742:
in China announced they planned to replace their entire 7,000 battery electric bus fleet with better performing hydrogen fuel cell/battery hybrid buses.
246:. During the Expo, they carried one million visitors and travelled about 130,000 kilometres. The buses were subsequently used as airport shuttle buses.
1321:
1210:
2943:
1102:), or have purchased it directly from industrial producers. Campaigners have criticised the use of brown hydrogen to power the buses, in light of the
4614:
4101:
1034:, and both have been produced by a range of bus manufacturers. Both have upfront costs – such as electric chargers, or a hydrogen fuelling station.
2346:
1548:
1239:
When compared to diesel buses, transit operators face additional upfront costs when moving to hydrogen fuel cell buses. This includes constructing
4126:
3729:
3227:
4292:
3101:
1905:
Our first hydrogen fueling facility was opened in November of 2002 at our Richmond Division to operate a single 30-foot fuel cell electric bus.
4322:
909:
4762:[ "Stop the offensive of Chinese electric buses"... Hyundai Motor Increases the production capacity of hydrogen buses by 6 times].
3076:
1916:
Vidueira, J.M.; Contreras, A.; Veziroglu, T.N. "PV autonomous installation to produce hydrogen via electrolysis, and its use in FC buses",
4590:
1759:
1126:
3931:
1984:
1930:
663:
219:
hydrogen fuel cells. The three-year trial carried more than 200,000 passengers and travelled over 118,000 kilometers (73,000 mi).
3596:
2892:
3126:
1954:
3345:
1439:
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951:
4458:
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1464:
4681:
than twice as much mileage out of a gallon-equivalent of hydrogen as a gallon of diesel, evening out the overall cost per mile.
4516:"Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority and San Mateo County Transit District Fuel Cell Transit Buses: Evaluation Results"
4376:
2016:
4401:
4640:
4071:
3880:
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993:
966:
3419:
2711:
4735:
4523:
4492:
3754:
1696:
1114:
254:
4515:
553:
In 2018, Toyota announced that they would be supplying their hydrogen fuel cell technology to Portuguese bus manufacturer
4665:
4377:"Montpellier scratches the hydrogen bus plan and turns to battery-electric technology (for now). Reason: operating costs"
4253:
3982:
2521:
1621:
4811:
3827:
3444:
4836:"New Flyer launches new fuel cell bus model Xcelsior Charge FC (with Ballard technology and Siemens ELFA 3 drivetrain)"
3780:
1326:
1215:
668:
538:
bus, with production beginning in March 2018. By 2020, over 100 Toyota Sora buses had been delivered, operating on the
166:
4431:"Real-world figures | Hydrogen buses cost 2.3 times more to run per km than battery electric ones, says Italian study"
3370:
3202:
2369:[Brazilian hydrogen-powered bus starts running in São Paulo] (in Portuguese). Inovação Tecnológica. 2009-04-08
4087:
3622:
3316:
745:
As of 2020, the NERL was continuing work to evaluate fuel cell bus projects in the U.S., with 64 buses in service in
344:. At the time they claimed to be the largest fleet of fuel cell buses in the world. The buses were estimated to cost
3956:
677:
in December 2019. By June 2021, 108 buses were in service across South Korea. Trial operations of the ElecCity with
5391:
5386:
2996:
757:. AC Transit has the largest fleet of hydrogen fuel cell buses in the United States, with 22 buses in service from
4835:
4177:
5177:
5023:
3543:
1098:) to lower the cost. Other transit operators have built small scale plants to produce hydrogen from natural gas (
882:
region in France at a cost of €48m. Green hydrogen will be used, with the hydrogen produced at an incinerator in
5157:
4153:"Barcelona to become Spain's largest hydrogen bus operator after placing €23.4m order with manufacturer Solaris"
1170:
Costs of fuel cell buses has gradually fallen as technology has become more widespread and commercially viable.
2794:
262:
4884:
3680:"515 Units Foton AUV Hydrogen Fuel Cell Buses Usher in An Era of Hydrogen Powered Public Transport in Beijing"
1027:
829:
announcing a 'next generation' double decker bus. New manufacturers also planned to enter the market, such as
630:. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles were chosen over battery electric vehicles due to the cold weather prevalent in
5270:
5172:
4694:
969:
ordered 38 hydrogen fuel cell buses from Solaris at a cost of €23.4 million, with green hydrogen produced by
871:
using a Toyota hydrogen fuel cell. This would increase the range of the bus to 400 kilometres (250 mi).
4037:"Only 4 percent of all zero emission vehicles are expected to be fuel cell powered in 2024, IDTechEx states"
385:
introduced a Thor “ThunderPower” bus into trial service, with tests complete by October 2004. In 2006, five
2257:
1311:
875:
810:
was developed as part of the European Union 'Joint Initiative for Hydrogen Vehicles across Europe' (JIVE).
791:
772:
576:
Caetano has subsequently begun to brand the bus as a "Toyota", after Toyota became a majority shareholder.
306:
3179:"Austrian bus company signs framework agreement for up to 106 Solaris battery-electric and hydrogen buses"
2392:
1220:
buses by ₩300 million (€200,000), protecting domestic industry from Chinese built battery electric buses.
5381:
4178:"In 2026 Gillig will start production of a hydrogen bus with BAE powertrain and Ballard fuel cell module"
3800:
2545:
1368:
1162:
are that hydrogen produced from renewable energy at scale could cost around $ 1.4 to $ 2.3 per kilogram.
920:
818:
4008:"'We will place the biggest hydrogen bus order in US history because battery-electric can't do the job'"
5446:
5316:
3855:
2738:
1408:
1190:
725:
583:
after licensing the fuel cell technology from Ballard. The hydrogen fuel cell is combined with a 36kWh
401:
4985:
4909:
4102:"22 fuel cell buses by Solaris will be deployed in a trial by Île-de-France Mobilités in Paris region"
2148:
1720:
1180:
850:
638:", produced by burning coal. This meant that each kilo of hydrogen produced around 15–20 kg of CO
5324:
5090:
4860:
3649:
1363:
1149:
1047:
261:
has been undertaking research work on hydrogen fuel cell buses since 2000, in collaboration with the
170:
2070:
1227:
noted that European produced fuel cell buses are cheaper as they are produced in larger quantities.
393:
fuel cells entered service. These were replaced in 2010 by other Van Hool hydrogen fuel cell buses.
5441:
4764:
4346:
1248:
600:
2660:
2347:"Legacies Of The 2010 Olympic Games In Whistler Are Powering More Than Nostalgia - FuelCellsWorks"
1655:
1588:
1447:
International Energy Agency (IEA) Advanced Fuel Cells Technology Collaboration Programme (AFC TCP)
5329:
4215:
3151:
2574:
1131:
974:
4934:"Skywell hydrogen bus got index approval in China. Next step: large-scale deployment in Nanjing"
4285:"Hydrogen, Or Batteries, That Is The Question: Hyundai Elec City Bus - Hyundai Motor Group TECH"
595:
province in China. Other manufacturers in China also began to produce hydrogen fuel cell buses.
4991:
3907:"Europe's largest ever order for hydrogen buses awarded to Poland's Solaris after €272m tender"
3679:
3627:
2968:
2859:
2820:"China Progress on Renewable Energy Vehicles: Fuel Cells, Hydrogen and Battery Hybrid Vehicles"
2492:
1792:
1019:
955:
697:
614:. During the Games, over 800 hydrogen fuel cell buses and coaches were used from manufacturers
270:
1866:
1278:
As of 2020, 5,648 hydrogen fuel cell buses are in use around the world, with 93.7% of them in
511:
As of 2020, 5,648 hydrogen fuel cell buses are in use around the world, with 93.7% of them in
497:
116:(produced using renewable electricity) being significantly more environmentally friendly than
19:
5248:
3519:
3178:
2467:
1286:
981:
announced that they would introduce a hydrogen fuel cell bus by 2026, with a powertrain from
660:
648:
341:
216:
162:
3253:"Nanjing to introduce hydrogen buses, Chinese manufacturer places an order with Loop Energy"
2685:
2602:
1122:(CUTE) project in the early 2000s reported fuelling costs around 10 times more than diesel.
1119:
587:, which powers the electric motors. Over 300 Feichi buses are now in service in the city of
302:
84:
Transport operators have therefore evaluated alternatives such as hydrogen fuel cell buses.
5311:
5147:
2202:
1353:
1244:
1069:
1012:
1001:
997:
864:
833:. Other countries continued to investigate the potential of hydrogen fuel cell buses, with
799:
611:
558:
455:
448:
409:
345:
337:
281:
212:
78:
3730:"Sentient Labs launches the first hydrogen fuel cell and zero-emissions bus made in India"
3572:"Fuel cell range extender on the e-bus. Mercedes secures a first deal for the eCitaro REX"
3470:"Hyzon Motors, a new player in the hydrogen bus field. A MOU for 1,000 vehicles announced"
1962:
1110:– hydrogen produced using renewable energy – is generally considered to be too expensive.
634:. The substantial use of hydrogen was criticised, given that much of China's hydrogen is "
534:
hydrogen fuel cell car, as well as from Hino's hybrid buses. In 2017, Toyota unveiled the
8:
5351:
5255:
5223:
5080:
5016:
3881:"Solaris has won the largest European H2 bus tender so far. 130 Urbino hydrogen for TPER"
2095:
935:
by late 2024. The MTA announced that its entire bus fleet will be zero-emission by 2040.
584:
305:(CUTE) began running hydrogen fuel cell powered buses in nine European cities, including
106:
74:
2206:
579:
In China, the Feichi (Allenbus) company began manufacturing hydrogen fuel cell buses in
5060:
4081:
2712:"Germany, Bielefeld transport company moBiel starts testing of CaetanoBus hydrogen bus"
1626:
1301:
1224:
1095:
1050:(BVG) reporting a 30% shorter range in cold weather (around −10 °C (14 °F)).
928:
900:
In August 2022, India's first domestically developed hydrogen fuel bus was unveiled in
352:
each and had a range of 300 kilometres (200 mi) and carried around 70 passengers.
330:
3706:"Hydrogen fuel cell bus developed by KPIT-CSIR unveiled: Here is all you need to know"
2164:
2037:
Kris Christen. "Europe's CUTE project for hydrogen-fuel-cell buses deemed a success",
1736:
1520:
5373:
5187:
5085:
4702:
4223:
4067:
3544:"VDV praises at German hydrogen strategy. "Fuel cell technology for long bus routes""
2841:
2636:
2293:"Boondoggle or boon? Looking back at Whistler's hydrogen-bus pilot and why it failed"
2168:
1767:
1740:
1403:
1333:
905:
807:
701:
481:
In March 2015, Europe's largest fleet of hydrogen fuel cell buses entered service in
329:– took part in similar demonstration projects, supported by the same consortium. The
285:
4127:"Why fuel cell buses are becoming operators' vehicle of choice for public transport"
3052:"Hyundai Motor to hand over ELEC CITY Fuel Cell Bus to city bus operator in Austria"
1841:
333:
became a forum to share experiences and information between cities and researchers.
5280:
4728:"Fuel Cell Buses in U.S. Transit Fleets: Summary of Experiences and Current Status"
4485:"Fuel Cell Buses in U.S. Transit Fleets: Summary of Experiences and Current Status"
3828:"Hydrogen pioneer Pau (France) now consider BEV technology amidst soaring H2 costs"
2831:
2215:
2210:
2190:
2160:
1931:"Clean Urban Transport for Europe (CUTE) - Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Buses – Policies"
1732:
1689:"Fuel Cell Buses in U.S. Transit Fleets: Summary of Experiences and Current Status"
1240:
1159:
1103:
826:
705:
644:
554:
467:
421:
405:
357:
243:
192:
158:
150:
4958:
2233:
2098:[Academician Yang Yusheng: Hydrogen fuel cells cannot save the blue sky].
1068:
for battery electric buses, allowing them to have greater range. For example, the
5285:
5203:
5132:
5075:
5065:
5055:
4885:"10 million hydrogen-powered km travelled so far. Van Hool reaches the milestone"
4786:
1252:
1201:
923:
announced that they would trial hydrogen fuel cell buses, funded by a grant from
728:
184:
4641:"The new hydrogen buses more expensive than Ferraris taking to London's streets"
203:
fuel-cell buses were trialled and experimented in a variety of cities. In 1998,
5419:
5117:
5009:
4727:
4528:
4484:
3285:
2919:"Hydrogen Cars and Buses Seize the Spotlight at Beijing's Winter Olympic Games"
2860:"Zhongtong Hydrogen Fuel Cell Buses Set to Helping Cities Cut Carbon Emissions"
2317:
1721:"Fuel cell powered transit bus development activities at Georgetown University"
1688:
1316:
1107:
1099:
1065:
1031:
1005:
868:
813:
Other bus manufacturers continued to enter the hydrogen fuel cell market, with
704:
platform. This was subsequently tested by a range of major operators including
635:
298:
276:
117:
113:
102:
98:
62:
54:
4759:
3957:"California, SamTrans approves purchase of 108 fuel cell buses from New Flyer"
1493:
1263:
5435:
5334:
5301:
5228:
5102:
5041:
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3394:
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2054:. Jul2006, Vol. 2006 Issue 7, p10-10. 1p. DOI: 10.1016/S1464-2859(06)71128-2.
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ordering 130 buses from Solaris, Seoul ordering 1,300 buses from Hyundai and
916:
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258:
250:
200:
174:
129:
368:
5412:
5306:
5275:
5218:
5213:
5122:
4323:"Why some say hydrogen buses could be N.J.'s eco-friendly transit solution"
4063:
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles 2024-2044: Markets, Technologies, and Forecasts
1395:
1255:
to handle large numbers of electric buses being charged (often overnight).
1038:
830:
531:
58:
1438:
Can Samsun, Remzi; Antoni, Laurent; Rex, Michael; Stolten, Detlef (2021).
432:
373:
318:
5265:
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5208:
5142:
5070:
4666:"Why is Santa Cruz County so bullish on hydrogen-powered public transit?"
4254:"Why is Santa Cruz County so bullish on hydrogen-powered public transit?"
3983:"Why is Santa Cruz County so bullish on hydrogen-powered public transit?"
3650:"Fuel cell buses in Paris region: soon expected a tender for 47 vehicles"
1920:. Sep2003, Vol. 28 Issue 9, p927. 11p. DOI: 10.1016/S0360-3199(02)00191-X
1816:
1622:"Why is Santa Cruz County so bullish on hydrogen-powered public transit?"
1338:
1306:
1205:
1137:
982:
894:
890:
879:
822:
693:
announced in 2022 that they planned to introduce over 620 buses by 2025.
674:
615:
607:
535:
527:
504:
417:
231:
133:
23:
2944:"China's Zhangjiakou to deploy 655 hydrogen buses for 2022 Winter Games"
1026:. However many sources of hydrogen, including those most commonly used,
5361:
5243:
5238:
5182:
5137:
5097:
4615:"Wuppertaler Stadtwerke: Cost parity between hydrogen and diesel buses"
3228:"Unveiling of the Urbino 18 hydrogen bus along with #SolarisTalks 2022"
2969:"800+ Hydrogen Fuel Cell Buses Serve Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games"
2836:
2819:
2493:"800+ Hydrogen Fuel Cell Buses Serve Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games"
1670:
hydrogen's "dirty secret" is that it comes primarily from fossil fuels.
1091:
746:
713:
397:
382:
266:
3815:
The MTA says they have committed to a zero-emission bus fleet by 2040.
790:
In June 2021, the world's first hydrogen fuel cell double-decker bus (
5356:
5233:
5127:
4559:[Why the Montpellier Métropole is giving up hydrogen buses].
2885:"Largest Chinese Fuel Cell Bus Order Issued for 2022 Winter Olympics"
2443:"Mayor announces Europe's largest fleet of hydrogen buses for London"
1271:
970:
932:
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795:
762:
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592:
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475:
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239:
208:
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85:
50:
4591:"French City Cancels Hydrogen Bus Contract, Opts For Electric Buses"
2318:"BC Transit Fuel Cell Bus Project Evaluation Results: Second Report"
721:
478:, with 3 deployed at Beijing 2008 and 196 at Expo 2010 in Shanghai.
2468:"2nd Generation of Hydrogen Fuel Cell City Bus Debuts in Higer Bus"
2367:"Ônibus brasileiro movido a hidrogênio começa a rodar em São Paulo"
1549:"Hamburg to test the eCitaro with fuel cell range extender in 2021"
947:
803:
758:
724:. In 2022, Solaris announced a hydrogen fuel cell version of their
547:
501:
486:
482:
463:
386:
235:
89:
47:
4556:"Pourquoi la Métropole de Montpellier renonce aux bus à hydrogène"
3027:"Hyundai's Elec City Fuel Cell Bus Begins Trial Service in Munich"
1521:"England's first double-decker hydrogen buses to launch in London"
180:
109:, making it suitable for heavy vehicles such as buses and trucks.
5346:
5112:
5107:
1186:
1011:
Buses powered by hydrogen fuel cells have some similarities with
943:
883:
856:
783:
739:
570:
566:
522:
began testing their updated hydrogen fuel cell bus in Tokyo, the
443:" (Brazilian Hydrogen Autobus), includes three additional buses.
349:
322:
314:
204:
125:
27:
4996:
3420:"Iveco and Air Liquide together for hydrogen mobility in Europe"
2265:
1890:
1440:"Deployment Status of Fuel Cells in Road Transport: 2021 Update"
3371:"World's first double decker hydrogen buses launch in Aberdeen"
3152:"Connexxion orders 20 Solaris hydrogen buses for South Holland"
3102:"South Korea ready to adopt 624 hydrogen-powered buses by 2025"
2795:"Toyota co-brands zero-emission hydrogen buses with CaetanoBus"
2234:"AC Transit Bus Roster | Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District"
1373:
1343:
1290:
1267:
978:
834:
779:
768:
750:
682:
619:
588:
543:
519:
428:
310:
227:
223:
93:
3077:"Hyundai Elec City: DB Regio is testing a Korean hydrogen bus"
717:
3856:"Where are funding for European fuel cell buses coming from?"
3346:"Mayor launches England's first hydrogen double decker buses"
3286:"Fuel Cell Buses in U.S. Transit Fleets: Current Status 2020"
2629:"Toyota banking on Olympic halo to keep hydrogen dream alive"
1279:
1023:
838:
814:
709:
690:
686:
652:
631:
623:
580:
512:
326:
169:) demonstrated three 30 feet (9.1 m) buses powered by a
31:
1817:"Toyota Jointly Develops Fuel Cell Hybrid Bus, the FCHV-BUS"
859:
ordered up to 100 hydrogen fuel cell buses from Solaris and
3755:"MTA Receives Grant for First Zero-Emission Hydrogen Buses"
2818:
Liu, Zhixiang; Kendall, Kevin; Yan, Xieqiang (2018-12-25).
939:
901:
775:
754:
610:
ordered 74 hydrogen fuel cell buses in preparation for the
424:. Due to high operating costs, the program halted in 2015.
121:
2997:"The problem with the Beijing Olympics hydrogen bus fleet"
1437:
1247:
have similar upfront costs, requiring the installation of
5032:
3932:"Hyundai is set to supply 1,300 fuel cell buses to Seoul"
3445:"Alexander Dennis H2.0 hydrogen bus on the launching pad"
1022:
at the tailpipe, with hydrogen fuel cell buses producing
988:
43:
5001:
4216:"When It Comes to Buses, Will Hydrogen or Electric Win?"
1760:"Technology; An Electric Bus Bypasses a Battery Barrier"
1465:"The Second Coming of Hydrogen? London's hydrogen buses"
925:
New York State Energy Research and Development Authority
4760:"[단독] "중국산 전기버스 공세 막아라"…현대차, 수소버스 생산능력 6배로 늘린다"
4402:"Drum roll for Mercedes eCitaro with FC range extender"
3597:"Daimler Buses gets major eCitaro G order from Germany"
2191:"Status of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Buses Worldwide"
238:
in 2003, a fleet of 8 FCHV-BUS buses were then used at
153:
from buses led to experimentation regarding the use of
3520:"RVK orders up to 100 more hydrogen buses for Cologne"
2766:"Barcelona puts another 7 hydrogen buses into service"
1064:
Some manufacturers have used hydrogen fuel cells as a
603:
programme in 2014, and began producing buses in 2016.
492:
3781:"MTA To Deploy Hydrogen Fuel Cell Buses In The Bronx"
3127:"Solaris Urbino hydrogen on a test in Paris for RATP"
2013:"European Fuel Cell Bus Project Extended by One Year"
1094:
from industrial processes (such as the production of
1842:"Fuel cell hybrid bus : EXPO 2005 AICHI, JAPAN"
1385:
950:
ordering 108 buses from New Flyer. In October 2023,
700:
announced a hydrogen fuel cell bus on their popular
431:
hydrogen fuel cell bus prototype began operation in
234:, a hydrogen fuel cell bus. After initial trials by
4726:Eudy, L; Chandler, K; Gikakis, C (September 2007).
4725:
4483:Eudy, L; Chandler, K; Gikakis, C (September 2007).
4482:
4459:"RVK Cologne and its history of its hydrogen buses"
1687:Eudy, L; Chandler, K; Gikakis, C (September 2007).
1686:
1243:, as well as purchasing spare parts for new buses.
1193:bus cost them €1.86 million to purchase in 2011, a
292:
4554:
712:, and ordered by European bus operators including
273:began trials of a hydrogen fuel cell bus in 2002.
3495:"Kamaz hydrogen bus on a pilot in Moscow in 2022"
2661:"How Toyota's Beyond Zero fleet drove Tokyo 2020"
2522:"Aberdeen hydrogen bus station reaches milestone"
2418:"RV1 bus route to be converted to hydrogen power"
1955:"First clean fuel buses running on Beijing roads"
977:area of the city. In April 2024, US manufacturer
5433:
3801:"MTA hosts hydrogen fuel-cell bus informational"
2603:"Toyota Launches Production Model "Sora" FC Bus"
454:In China, hydrogen fuel cell buses were used at
4514:Eudy, Leslie; Chandler, Kevin (November 2006).
3623:"Les bus à hydrogène arrivent en Ile-de-France"
2792:
2393:"Hydrogen bus launched on London tourist route"
2149:"FTA funds commercially viable fuel cell buses"
400:began operating fuel-cell buses in the town of
3778:
435:in 2009. The hydrogen bus was manufactured in
112:The provenance of hydrogen fuel varies – with
5017:
4910:"Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Bus | Zhongtong"
2817:
910:Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
4513:
3203:"Poznan's huge investment in hydrogen buses"
105:. Hydrogen has a higher energy density than
2050:"Conference wraps up CUTE, next programs",
985:and fuel cells from Ballard Power Systems.
144:
5024:
5010:
4321:Higgs, Larry; Rodas, Steven (2022-11-29).
4320:
3284:Eudy, Leslie; Post, Matthew (March 2021).
2736:
2344:
2258:"Hydrogen Fuel Cell Demonstration Project"
1296:Vehicles include, but are not limited to:
878:(IDFM) ordered 47 fuel cell buses for the
101:, combining it with a larger battery or a
4997:International Fuel Cell Bus Collaborative
4695:"For Hartford, a Fuel-Cell Bus Milestone"
4552:
3620:
2835:
2214:
2041:. 8/1/2006, Vol. 40 Issue 15, p4541-4541.
3283:
2626:
2315:
1918:International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
1494:"Bus Transit - Fuel Cell Electric Buses"
1262:
992:
767:
643:
496:
367:
275:
179:
18:
4692:
4453:
4451:
4428:
4424:
4422:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4316:
4314:
4312:
4279:
4277:
4247:
4245:
4243:
4210:
4208:
4206:
4204:
4202:
4200:
4198:
4150:
4005:
3904:
2739:"Cottbusverkehr testet Brennstoffzelle"
2359:
1982:
1790:
1718:
1589:"High costs dog Tokyo's hydrogen buses"
149:From the late 1980s, concern regarding
5434:
4638:
4588:
4584:
4582:
3850:
3848:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3566:
3564:
3311:
3309:
3173:
3171:
3021:
3019:
3017:
2991:
2989:
2788:
2786:
2763:
2686:"トヨタ、ポルトガルのバス製造会社カエタノ・バス社に燃料電池システムを供給"
2597:
2595:
2575:"Toyota Unveils FC Bus Concept "Sora""
2519:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2068:
2039:Environmental Science & Technology
1653:
989:Comparison with battery electric buses
557:, for buses to be sold in Europe. The
489:buses were used on a five-year trial.
363:
5005:
4663:
4251:
3980:
3324:Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District
3279:
3277:
3275:
3273:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2290:
2228:
2226:
2184:
2182:
2143:
2141:
2064:
2062:
2060:
1895:Alameda-Contra Costa Transit District
1682:
1680:
1678:
1649:
1647:
1619:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1543:
1541:
1515:
1513:
561:has achieved numerous sales, such in
340:buses, with hydrogen fuel cells from
4757:
4736:National Renewable Energy Laboratory
4524:National Renewable Energy Laboratory
4493:National Renewable Energy Laboratory
4448:
4419:
4364:
4309:
4274:
4240:
4195:
3905:Collins, Leigh (13 September 2023).
3703:
3293:National Renewable Energy Laboratory
2325:National Renewable Energy Laboratory
1983:Adamson, Kerry-Ann (November 2004).
1871:National Renewable Energy Laboratory
1867:"Fuel Cell Electric Bus Evaluations"
1757:
1697:National Renewable Energy Laboratory
1488:
1486:
1484:
1462:
1458:
1456:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1115:National Renewable Energy Laboratory
855:, the public transport operator for
825:to develop 'hydrogen mobility', and
802:These buses also entered service in
255:National Renewable Energy Laboratory
4579:
4429:Collins, Leigh (5 September 2023).
3845:
3779:FuelCellsWorks (28 November 2022).
3667:
3561:
3306:
3168:
3014:
2986:
2783:
2737:Hennigfeld, Stefan (9 March 2022).
2592:
2380:
2316:Ludy, L; Post, M (September 2014).
2279:
2188:
2093:
1106:created by the industrial process.
867:bus would be made available with a
493:Large scale commercial introduction
230:collaborated on the development of
13:
4151:Collins, Leigh (26 January 2024).
3621:Descalles, Julien (11 July 2022).
3270:
2906:
2223:
2179:
2138:
2057:
1791:Nichols, Mark (25 December 1995).
1675:
1644:
1606:
1566:
1538:
1510:
530:, it utilised technology from the
167:United States Department of Energy
14:
5458:
4979:
4693:Spiegel, Jan Ellen (2007-04-15).
4664:Neely, Christopher (2023-10-02).
4252:Neely, Christopher (2023-10-02).
4006:Collins, Leigh (4 October 2023).
3981:Neely, Christopher (2023-10-02).
3317:"Zero-Emissions Bus Rollout Plan"
2015:. DaimlerChrysler. Archived from
1620:Neely, Christopher (2023-10-02).
1481:
1453:
1426:
1312:Wright StreetDeck Hydroliner FCEV
1059:
696:In 2019, Polish bus manufacturer
88:generate electricity by reacting
57:wheels, sometimes augmented in a
5406:
5156:
4951:
4926:
4902:
4877:
4853:
4828:
4804:
4779:
4751:
4719:
4686:
4657:
4632:
4607:
4553:Chaigneau, Cécile (2022-01-06).
4546:
4507:
4476:
4394:
4339:
4170:
4144:
4119:
2692:(in Japanese). 26 September 2022
1985:"Fuel Cell Market Survey: Buses"
1719:Larkins, James T. (1998-10-01).
1463:Mike, Long Branch (2021-01-26).
1388:
1120:Clean Urban Transport for Europe
1085:
889:In July 2022, over five hundred
526:. Developed in conjunction with
474:. These buses were developed by
303:Clean Urban Transport for Europe
293:Clean Urban Transport for Europe
5178:Bombardier Guided Light Transit
4959:"Axess-FC I Hydrogen bus I ENC"
4094:
4054:
4029:
3999:
3974:
3949:
3924:
3898:
3873:
3820:
3793:
3772:
3747:
3722:
3704:Mani, Sudarsanan (2022-08-22).
3697:
3642:
3614:
3589:
3536:
3512:
3487:
3462:
3437:
3412:
3387:
3363:
3338:
3245:
3220:
3195:
3144:
3119:
3094:
3069:
3044:
2961:
2936:
2877:
2852:
2811:
2757:
2730:
2704:
2678:
2653:
2620:
2567:
2546:"Bus fleet audit 31 March 2023"
2538:
2513:
2485:
2460:
2435:
2410:
2338:
2309:
2250:
2114:
2087:
2044:
2031:
2005:
1976:
1947:
1923:
1910:
1883:
1859:
1834:
1809:
1784:
1758:Wald, Matthew L. (1994-05-29).
1751:
1712:
2793:veintiunoaguila (2021-07-12).
2764:Hampel, Carrie (30 May 2022).
2627:Buckland, Kevin (2019-09-24).
2520:Holder, Michael (2015-11-20).
2216:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.06.055
2122:"Bronx Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus"
1961:. 21 June 2006. Archived from
1654:Rapier, Robert (26 May 2020).
1234:
1015:, as well as key differences.
895:Beijing Public Transport Group
673:entered commercial service in
441:Ônibus Brasileiro a Hidrogênio
263:Federal Transit Administration
1:
5173:Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit
4639:Marius, Callum (2021-06-23).
4086:: CS1 maint: date and year (
2165:10.1016/S1464-2859(06)71253-6
2071:"All aboard the hydrogen bus"
1737:10.1016/S1464-2859(00)87551-3
1419:
1258:
965:In January 2024, Barcelona's
68:
4861:"StreetDeck Hydroliner FCEV"
4589:Hanley, Steve (2022-01-11).
4304:Range Seoul mode simultation
2891:. 2018-02-05. Archived from
1302:New Flyer Xcelsior CHARGE FC
929:New Flyer Xcelsior CHARGE H2
792:Wright StreetDeck Hydroliner
773:Wright StreetDeck Hydroliner
612:Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics
61:fashion with batteries or a
7:
4812:"Toyota Fuel Cell Business"
2291:Tchir, Jason (2021-03-10).
2069:Dodson, Sean (2003-10-30).
1449:. Forschungszentrum Jülich.
1381:
1204:reported that the Japanese
1165:
904:. The bus was developed by
819:memorandum of understanding
301:supported research project
157:to power vehicles. Initial
132:(produced by steam heating
10:
5463:
4992:Toyota FCHV-BUS data sheet
4347:"E-buses fail in the cold"
4289:tech.hyundaimotorgroup.com
1409:List of fuel cell vehicles
1241:hydrogen fuelling stations
1004:with a hydrogen fuel cell
372:Hydrogen fuel cell bus in
139:
26:hydrogen fuel cell bus in
5400:
5372:
5294:
5196:
5165:
5154:
5048:
5039:
5031:
4988:Hydrogen buses worldwide
4758:Park, Sora (2024-04-14).
1656:"Life Cycles of Hydrogen"
1354:Mercedes-Benz eCitaro REX
1048:Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe
439:. The programme, called "
358:hydrogen filling stations
171:phosphoric acid fuel cell
4791:Fuel Cell Electric Buses
4619:Urban Transport Magazine
4463:Urban Transport Magazine
4066:. IDTechEx. 2023-12-07.
3399:Fuel Cell Electric Buses
3081:Urban Transport Magazine
2743:Eisenbahnjournal Zughalt
2690:Toyota Motor Corporation
2607:Toyota Motor Corporation
2195:Journal of Power Sources
2189:Hua, Thanh (June 2014).
1821:Toyota Motor Corporation
1076:
1030:. Both are propelled by
601:research and development
336:All three projects used
145:Initial tests and trials
53:as its power source for
927:. The first two buses (
876:Île-de-France Mobilités
794:) entered service with
698:Solaris Bus & Coach
5317:Capacitor electric bus
3628:Le Journal du Dimanche
2633:The Japan Times Online
2579:Toyota Newsroom Europe
1359:Zhongtong LCK6126FCEVG
1275:
1245:Battery electric buses
1145:Wuppertaler Stadtwerke
1013:battery electric buses
1008:
956:Santa Cruz, California
931:) will be launched in
837:announcing a pilot of
787:
659:Launched in 2017, the
656:
508:
377:
289:
271:San Francisco Bay Area
196:
79:battery electric buses
35:
5091:Lowbridge double-deck
3375:Intelligent Transport
2159:(12): 2. 2006-12-01.
2094:杨裕生 (20 March 2013).
1891:"Zero Emission Buses"
1287:Ballard Power Systems
1266:
1158:Projections from the
1070:Mercedes-Benz eCitaro
1028:are not zero-emission
998:Mercedes-Benz eCitaro
996:
771:
738:In 2020, the city of
647:
500:
371:
342:Ballard Power Systems
279:
217:Ballard Power Systems
199:From the late 1990s,
183:
163:Georgetown University
120:(produced by burning
75:hybrid electric buses
22:
5312:Battery electric bus
2553:Transport for London
2447:Transport for London
2019:on 29 September 2007
1660:4thgeneration.energy
1469:London Reconnections
1334:Caetano H2.City Gold
1251:and upgrades to the
1176:Regionalverkehr Köln
1002:battery electric bus
846:Regionalverkehr Köln
559:Caetano H2.City Gold
449:Transport for London
410:2010 Winter Olympics
338:Mercedes-Benz Citaro
282:Mercedes-Benz Citaro
213:New Flyer Industries
211:began trials, using
16:Hydrogen powered bus
5352:Hybrid electric bus
5081:Cutaway van chassis
3805:News 12 - The Bronx
3234:. 14 September 2022
2207:2014JPS...269..975H
2153:Fuel Cells Bulletin
2126:Empire Clean Cities
2096:"杨裕生院士：氢燃料电池拯救不了蓝天"
2052:Fuel Cells Bulletin
1725:Fuel Cells Bulletin
585:Lithium-ion battery
364:Further development
280:Hydrogen fuel cell
86:Hydrogen fuel cells
55:electrically driven
4914:zhongtongbuses.com
4699:The New York Times
4670:Lookout Santa Cruz
4534:on 14 October 2008
4353:. 11 February 2021
4351:www.green-zones.eu
4258:Lookout Santa Cruz
3987:Lookout Santa Cruz
3761:. 16 November 2022
3684:www.chinabuses.org
3524:Green Car Congress
3183:Green Car Congress
3156:Green Car Congress
3058:. 3 September 2021
2975:. 10 February 2022
2973:www.chinabuses.org
2925:. 14 February 2022
2864:www.chinabuses.org
2837:10.3390/en12010054
2665:Toyota UK Magazine
2499:. 10 February 2022
2497:www.chinabuses.org
2472:www.chinabuses.org
2449:. 13 November 2007
2297:The Globe and Mail
1764:The New York Times
1627:Lookout Santa Cruz
1364:Skywell NJ6106FCEV
1276:
1225:The Globe and Mail
1189:reported that the
1096:Polyvinyl chloride
1009:
804:Aberdeen, Scotland
788:
657:
653:Seoul, South Korea
509:
483:Aberdeen, Scotland
378:
331:Fuel Cell Bus Club
290:
197:
36:
5447:Energy technology
5429:
5428:
5271:Train replacement
4073:978-1-83570-005-1
3686:. 26 October 2022
3209:. 26 October 2022
2581:. 18 October 2017
2474:. 20 January 2009
2424:. 4 November 2010
2238:www.actransit.org
1639:cost-prohibitive.
1404:Fuel cell vehicle
1369:ElDorado Axess-FC
1249:electric chargers
906:KPIT Technologies
893:buses joined the
389:buses powered by
374:São Paulo, Brazil
286:Stratford, London
107:lithium batteries
5454:
5413:Buses portal
5411:
5410:
5409:
5160:
5148:Transit Elevated
5026:
5019:
5012:
5003:
5002:
4973:
4972:
4970:
4969:
4955:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4930:
4924:
4923:
4921:
4920:
4906:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4896:
4881:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4871:
4857:
4851:
4850:
4848:
4847:
4832:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4822:
4808:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4783:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4773:
4755:
4749:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4732:
4723:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4713:
4690:
4684:
4683:
4677:
4676:
4661:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4636:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4626:
4611:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4586:
4577:
4576:
4569:
4568:
4558:
4550:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4539:
4533:
4527:. Archived from
4520:
4511:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4500:
4489:
4480:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4455:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4435:Hydrogen Insight
4426:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4398:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4373:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4343:
4337:
4336:
4334:
4333:
4318:
4307:
4306:
4301:
4300:
4291:. Archived from
4281:
4272:
4271:
4265:
4264:
4249:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4234:
4212:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4189:
4174:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4157:Hydrogen Insight
4148:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4123:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4098:
4092:
4091:
4085:
4077:
4058:
4052:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4033:
4027:
4026:
4020:
4018:
4012:Hydrogen Insight
4003:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3978:
3972:
3971:
3969:
3968:
3953:
3947:
3946:
3944:
3943:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3917:
3911:Hydrogen Insight
3902:
3896:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3877:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3852:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3839:
3824:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3811:
3797:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3776:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3766:
3751:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3701:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3676:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3646:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3636:
3618:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3608:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3568:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3555:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3530:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3491:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3481:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3456:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3416:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3406:
3391:
3385:
3384:
3382:
3381:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3350:London City Hall
3342:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3321:
3313:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3290:
3281:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3249:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3175:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3148:
3142:
3141:
3139:
3138:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3089:
3088:
3073:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3056:www.hyundai.news
3048:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3038:
3031:www.hyundai.news
3023:
3012:
3011:
3009:
3008:
2993:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2915:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2839:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2799:Hydrogen Central
2790:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2776:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2682:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2672:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2599:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2550:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2532:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2505:
2504:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2414:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2404:
2389:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2345:FuelCellsWorks.
2342:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2322:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2303:
2288:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2264:. Archived from
2254:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2230:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2186:
2177:
2176:
2145:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2132:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2066:
2055:
2048:
2042:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1989:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1927:
1921:
1914:
1908:
1907:
1902:
1901:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1838:
1832:
1831:
1829:
1828:
1813:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1778:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1693:
1684:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1666:
1651:
1642:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1617:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1585:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1545:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:
1517:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1504:
1490:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1460:
1451:
1450:
1444:
1435:
1398:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1349:Van Hool A330 FC
1330:
1322:Hyundai ElecCity
1272:Zhengzhou, China
1219:
1211:Hyundai ElecCity
1187:Cologne, Germany
1184:
1160:Hydrogen Council
1153:
1135:
1104:carbon footprint
952:Santa Cruz Metro
857:Cologne, Germany
854:
827:Alexander Dennis
672:
468:2010 Asian Games
422:hydroelectricity
420:in Quebec using
406:British Columbia
201:hydrogen-powered
159:proof of concept
151:diesel emissions
5462:
5461:
5457:
5456:
5455:
5453:
5452:
5451:
5442:Fuel cell buses
5432:
5431:
5430:
5425:
5407:
5405:
5396:
5368:
5290:
5286:Tourist trolley
5192:
5161:
5152:
5044:
5035:
5030:
4982:
4977:
4976:
4967:
4965:
4957:
4956:
4952:
4943:
4941:
4938:Sustainable Bus
4932:
4931:
4927:
4918:
4916:
4908:
4907:
4903:
4894:
4892:
4889:Sustainable Bus
4883:
4882:
4878:
4869:
4867:
4859:
4858:
4854:
4845:
4843:
4840:Sustainable Bus
4834:
4833:
4829:
4820:
4818:
4810:
4809:
4805:
4796:
4794:
4785:
4784:
4780:
4771:
4769:
4756:
4752:
4742:
4740:
4730:
4724:
4720:
4711:
4709:
4691:
4687:
4674:
4672:
4662:
4658:
4649:
4647:
4637:
4633:
4624:
4622:
4613:
4612:
4608:
4599:
4597:
4587:
4580:
4566:
4564:
4551:
4547:
4537:
4535:
4531:
4518:
4512:
4508:
4498:
4496:
4487:
4481:
4477:
4468:
4466:
4457:
4456:
4449:
4439:
4437:
4427:
4420:
4411:
4409:
4400:
4399:
4395:
4386:
4384:
4381:Sustainable Bus
4375:
4374:
4365:
4356:
4354:
4345:
4344:
4340:
4331:
4329:
4319:
4310:
4298:
4296:
4283:
4282:
4275:
4262:
4260:
4250:
4241:
4232:
4230:
4214:
4213:
4196:
4187:
4185:
4182:Sustainable Bus
4176:
4175:
4171:
4161:
4159:
4149:
4145:
4136:
4134:
4131:Sustainable Bus
4125:
4124:
4120:
4111:
4109:
4106:Sustainable Bus
4100:
4099:
4095:
4079:
4078:
4074:
4060:
4059:
4055:
4046:
4044:
4041:Sustainable Bus
4035:
4034:
4030:
4016:
4014:
4004:
4000:
3991:
3989:
3979:
3975:
3966:
3964:
3961:Sustainable Bus
3955:
3954:
3950:
3941:
3939:
3936:Sustainable Bus
3930:
3929:
3925:
3915:
3913:
3903:
3899:
3890:
3888:
3885:Sustainable Bus
3879:
3878:
3874:
3865:
3863:
3860:Sustainable Bus
3854:
3853:
3846:
3837:
3835:
3832:Sustainable Bus
3826:
3825:
3821:
3809:
3807:
3799:
3798:
3794:
3785:
3783:
3777:
3773:
3764:
3762:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3739:
3737:
3734:Sustainable Bus
3728:
3727:
3723:
3714:
3712:
3702:
3698:
3689:
3687:
3678:
3677:
3668:
3659:
3657:
3654:Sustainable Bus
3648:
3647:
3643:
3634:
3632:
3619:
3615:
3606:
3604:
3595:
3594:
3590:
3581:
3579:
3576:Sustainable Bus
3570:
3569:
3562:
3553:
3551:
3548:Sustainable Bus
3542:
3541:
3537:
3528:
3526:
3518:
3517:
3513:
3504:
3502:
3499:Sustainable Bus
3493:
3492:
3488:
3479:
3477:
3474:Sustainable Bus
3468:
3467:
3463:
3454:
3452:
3449:Sustainable Bus
3443:
3442:
3438:
3429:
3427:
3424:Sustainable Bus
3418:
3417:
3413:
3404:
3402:
3393:
3392:
3388:
3379:
3377:
3369:
3368:
3364:
3355:
3353:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3329:
3327:
3319:
3315:
3314:
3307:
3297:
3295:
3288:
3282:
3271:
3262:
3260:
3257:Sustainable Bus
3251:
3250:
3246:
3237:
3235:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3212:
3210:
3201:
3200:
3196:
3187:
3185:
3177:
3176:
3169:
3160:
3158:
3150:
3149:
3145:
3136:
3134:
3131:Sustainable Bus
3125:
3124:
3120:
3111:
3109:
3106:Sustainable Bus
3100:
3099:
3095:
3086:
3084:
3075:
3074:
3070:
3061:
3059:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3036:
3034:
3025:
3024:
3015:
3006:
3004:
2995:
2994:
2987:
2978:
2976:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2953:
2951:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2928:
2926:
2917:
2916:
2907:
2898:
2896:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2869:
2867:
2866:. 18 March 2022
2858:
2857:
2853:
2816:
2812:
2803:
2801:
2791:
2784:
2774:
2772:
2762:
2758:
2748:
2746:
2735:
2731:
2721:
2719:
2716:Sustainable Bus
2710:
2709:
2705:
2695:
2693:
2684:
2683:
2679:
2670:
2668:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2645:
2643:
2625:
2621:
2612:
2610:
2609:. 28 March 2018
2601:
2600:
2593:
2584:
2582:
2573:
2572:
2568:
2558:
2556:
2555:. 31 March 2023
2548:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2530:
2528:
2518:
2514:
2502:
2500:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2477:
2475:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2452:
2450:
2441:
2440:
2436:
2427:
2425:
2416:
2415:
2411:
2402:
2400:
2391:
2390:
2381:
2372:
2370:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2351:
2349:
2343:
2339:
2329:
2327:
2320:
2314:
2310:
2301:
2299:
2289:
2280:
2271:
2269:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2242:
2240:
2232:
2231:
2224:
2187:
2180:
2147:
2146:
2139:
2130:
2128:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2105:
2103:
2092:
2088:
2079:
2077:
2067:
2058:
2049:
2045:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2020:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1996:
1994:
1992:Fuel Cell Today
1987:
1981:
1977:
1968:
1966:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1939:
1937:
1929:
1928:
1924:
1915:
1911:
1899:
1897:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1875:
1873:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1851:
1849:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1826:
1824:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1801:
1799:
1793:"The magic bus"
1789:
1785:
1776:
1774:
1756:
1752:
1717:
1713:
1703:
1701:
1691:
1685:
1676:
1664:
1662:
1652:
1645:
1632:
1630:
1618:
1607:
1598:
1596:
1593:Financial Times
1587:
1586:
1567:
1558:
1556:
1553:Sustainable Bus
1547:
1546:
1539:
1530:
1528:
1519:
1518:
1511:
1502:
1500:
1492:
1491:
1482:
1473:
1471:
1461:
1454:
1442:
1436:
1427:
1422:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1379:
1324:
1261:
1253:electrical grid
1237:
1213:
1202:Financial Times
1178:
1168:
1147:
1129:
1088:
1079:
1062:
1032:electric motors
1018:Both types are
991:
848:
841:buses in 2022.
808:Hydroliner FCEV
729:articulated bus
683:Vienna, Austria
666:
641:
495:
408:, prior to the
366:
297:From 2001, the
295:
215:bus bodies and
185:Toyota FCHV-BUS
147:
142:
71:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5460:
5450:
5449:
5444:
5427:
5426:
5424:
5423:
5416:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5378:
5376:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5366:
5365:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5338:
5337:
5332:
5327:
5319:
5314:
5304:
5298:
5296:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5252:
5251:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5200:
5198:
5194:
5193:
5191:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5169:
5167:
5163:
5162:
5155:
5153:
5151:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5094:
5093:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5061:Bi-articulated
5058:
5052:
5050:
5046:
5045:
5040:
5037:
5036:
5029:
5028:
5021:
5014:
5006:
5000:
4999:
4994:
4989:
4986:H2mobility.org
4981:
4980:External links
4978:
4975:
4974:
4950:
4925:
4901:
4876:
4852:
4827:
4803:
4787:"H2Bus Europe"
4778:
4750:
4718:
4685:
4656:
4631:
4606:
4578:
4545:
4506:
4475:
4447:
4418:
4393:
4363:
4338:
4308:
4273:
4239:
4194:
4169:
4143:
4118:
4093:
4072:
4053:
4028:
3998:
3973:
3948:
3923:
3897:
3872:
3844:
3819:
3792:
3771:
3746:
3721:
3696:
3666:
3641:
3613:
3588:
3560:
3535:
3511:
3486:
3461:
3436:
3411:
3386:
3362:
3337:
3326:. 10 June 2020
3305:
3269:
3244:
3219:
3194:
3167:
3143:
3118:
3093:
3068:
3043:
3033:. 25 June 2021
3013:
2985:
2960:
2935:
2923:Bloomberg News
2905:
2889:FuelCellsWorks
2876:
2851:
2810:
2782:
2756:
2729:
2703:
2677:
2652:
2619:
2591:
2566:
2537:
2526:AirQualityNews
2512:
2484:
2459:
2434:
2409:
2379:
2358:
2337:
2308:
2278:
2268:on 4 July 2014
2249:
2222:
2178:
2137:
2113:
2086:
2056:
2043:
2030:
2004:
1975:
1946:
1922:
1909:
1882:
1858:
1833:
1823:. 18 June 2001
1808:
1783:
1750:
1711:
1700:. pp. 1–2
1674:
1643:
1605:
1565:
1537:
1509:
1480:
1452:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1319:
1317:Solaris Urbino
1314:
1309:
1307:Toyota Sora FC
1304:
1298:
1260:
1257:
1236:
1233:
1206:Toyota FC Sora
1167:
1164:
1108:Green hydrogen
1100:brown hydrogen
1087:
1084:
1078:
1075:
1066:range extender
1061:
1060:Range extender
1058:
1006:range extender
990:
987:
874:In July 2022,
869:range extender
733:InnoTrans 2022
639:
636:black hydrogen
632:Hebei Province
494:
491:
416:, produced by
365:
362:
299:European Union
294:
291:
257:(NERL) in the
146:
143:
141:
138:
118:brown hydrogen
114:green hydrogen
103:supercapacitor
99:range extender
70:
67:
63:supercapacitor
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5459:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5439:
5437:
5422:
5421:
5417:
5415:
5414:
5403:
5402:
5399:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5379:
5377:
5375:
5374:Manufacturing
5371:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5336:
5333:
5331:
5328:
5326:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5309:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5293:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5250:
5247:
5246:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5229:Mobile lounge
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5195:
5189:
5188:Rapid transit
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5164:
5159:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5133:Single-decker
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5092:
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1200:In 2022, the
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1113:In 2006, the
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1086:Hydrogen fuel
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1020:zero-emission
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40:fuel cell bus
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5382:Electric bus
5341:
5325:Ground-level
4966:. Retrieved
4962:
4953:
4942:. Retrieved
4940:. 2020-10-06
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4891:. 2020-12-02
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4842:. 2022-09-08
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4795:. Retrieved
4793:. 2019-09-11
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4770:. Retrieved
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4739:. p. 22
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4621:. 2021-07-05
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4465:. 2023-01-04
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4383:. 2022-01-13
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4184:. 2024-04-25
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3550:. 2020-06-10
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3501:. 2021-09-13
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3451:. 2021-02-26
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3426:. 2021-12-14
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3401:. 2018-02-13
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3352:. 2021-06-23
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3259:. 2020-04-08
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3133:. 2020-10-23
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3108:. 2022-01-28
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3083:. 2021-11-28
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3003:. 2022-02-11
3000:
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2950:. 2021-12-06
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2667:. 2021-08-26
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2421:
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2399:. 2010-12-10
2397:the Guardian
2396:
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2361:
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2324:
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2266:the original
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2237:
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2102:(in Chinese)
2099:
2089:
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2075:the Guardian
2074:
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2038:
2033:
2021:. Retrieved
2017:the original
2007:
1995:. Retrieved
1991:
1978:
1967:. Retrieved
1963:the original
1958:
1949:
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1934:
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1898:. Retrieved
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1702:. Retrieved
1695:
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1659:
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1631:. Retrieved
1625:
1597:. Retrieved
1595:. 2021-07-23
1592:
1557:. Retrieved
1555:. 2019-09-05
1552:
1529:. Retrieved
1527:. 2021-06-23
1524:
1501:. Retrieved
1497:
1472:. Retrieved
1468:
1446:
1396:Buses portal
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831:Hyzon Motors
812:
789:
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737:
695:
658:
651:ElecCity in
605:
578:
574:
552:
544:JR Bus Kanto
532:Toyota Mirai
517:
510:
480:
456:Beijing 2008
453:
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354:
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296:
248:
244:Aichi, Japan
221:
198:
193:Aichi, Japan
148:
111:
83:
72:
46:that uses a
39:
37:
5076:Combination
5056:Articulated
4768:(in Korean)
4563:(in French)
3631:(in French)
3232:Solaris Bus
3207:Solaris Bus
2745:(in German)
1325: [
1235:Other costs
1214: [
1179: [
1148: [
1138:Montpellier
1130: [
1039:fast charge
983:BAE Systems
975:Zona Franca
880:Grand Paris
849: [
823:Air Liquide
718:ÖBB Postbus
675:South Korea
667: [
608:Zhangjiakou
536:Toyota Sora
528:Hino Motors
505:Toyota Sora
418:Air Liquide
222:From 2000,
134:natural gas
24:Foton Motor
5436:Categories
5392:Trolleybus
5387:School bus
5362:Trolleybus
5249:by country
5138:Snow coach
5118:Multi-axle
5098:High-floor
4968:2022-10-27
4944:2022-10-27
4919:2022-10-27
4895:2022-10-27
4870:2022-10-27
4846:2022-10-27
4821:2023-01-19
4797:2023-01-07
4772:2024-04-30
4743:1 November
4712:2022-11-02
4675:2024-04-30
4650:2023-01-07
4625:2023-01-07
4600:2022-10-26
4567:2022-10-26
4561:La Tribune
4499:1 November
4469:2023-01-07
4412:2023-08-10
4387:2023-12-22
4357:2023-01-19
4332:2023-01-07
4299:2023-01-19
4263:2024-04-30
4233:2023-01-07
4188:2024-04-30
4137:2024-04-30
4112:2024-04-30
4047:2024-01-23
3992:2024-04-30
3967:2023-12-22
3942:2023-12-22
3891:2023-12-22
3866:2023-12-22
3838:2023-12-22
3810:2024-04-13
3786:2024-04-13
3765:2024-04-13
3740:2022-10-27
3715:2022-10-26
3690:2022-10-27
3660:2022-10-27
3635:2022-10-27
3607:2022-10-27
3582:2022-10-27
3554:2022-10-27
3529:2022-10-26
3505:2022-10-27
3480:2022-10-27
3455:2022-10-27
3430:2022-10-27
3405:2022-10-26
3380:2022-10-26
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