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efficient way to convert energy to mobility is electricity." He elaborated: "Hydrogen mobility only makes sense if you use green energy", but ... you need to convert it first into hydrogen "with low efficiencies" where "you lose about 40 percent of the initial energy". You then must compress the hydrogen and store it under high pressure in tanks, which uses more energy. "And then you have to convert the hydrogen back to electricity in a fuel cell with another efficiency loss". Krebs continued: "in the end, from your original 100 percent of electric energy, you end up with 30 to 40 percent."
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cool it down to the liquid state or to put it into tanks under high pressure, and delivering the hydrogen to fueling stations requires more energy and may release more carbon. The hydrogen needed to move a FCV a kilometer costs approximately eight times as much as the electricity needed to move a BEV the same distance. Also in 2019, Katsushi Inoue, the president of Honda Europe, stated, "Our focus is on hybrid and electric vehicles now. Maybe hydrogen fuel cell cars will come, but that's a technology for the next era."
1147:'s Fuel Cell Technologies Program claims that, as of 2011, fuel cells achieved a 42 to 53% fuel cell electric vehicle efficiency at full power, and a durability of over 75,000 miles with less than 10% voltage degradation, double that achieved in 2006. In 2012, Lux Research, Inc. issued a report that concluded that "Capital cost ... will limit adoption to a mere 5.9 GW" by 2030, providing "a nearly insurmountable barrier to adoption, except in niche applications". Lux's analysis concluded that by 2030, PEM
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fuel cell and flew for 23 hours and 17 minutes. Boeing is completing tests on the
Phantom Eye, a high-altitude, long endurance (HALE) to be used to conduct research and surveillance flying at 20,000 m (65,000 ft) for up to four days at a time. Fuel cells are also being used to provide auxiliary power for aircraft, replacing fossil fuel generators that were previously used to start the engines and power on board electrical needs. Fuel cells can help airplanes reduce CO
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1143:(DOE) estimated that the cost of automobile fuel cells had fallen 80% since 2002 and that such fuel cells could potentially be manufactured for $ 51/kW, assuming high-volume manufacturing cost savings. Fuel cell electric vehicles have been produced with "a driving range of more than 250 miles between refueling". They can be refueled in less than 5 minutes. Deployed fuel cell buses have a 40% higher fuel economy than diesel buses.
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340:. However, the closure of the Apollo Program sent many industry experts to private companies. By the 1990s, automobile manufacturers were interested in fuel cell applications, and demonstration vehicles were readied. In 2001, the first 700 Bar (10000 PSI) hydrogen tanks were demonstrated, reducing the size of the fuel tanks that could be used in vehicles and extending the range.
930:. Each Type 212 contains nine PEM fuel cells, spread throughout the ship, providing between 30 kW and 50 kW each of electrical power. This allows the Type 212 to remain submerged longer and makes them more difficult to detect. Fuel cell powered submarines are also easier to design, manufacture, and maintain than nuclear-powered submarines.
648:. Nissan claims this technical approach would be cheaper, and that it would be easier to deploy the fueling infrastructure than a hydrogen infrastructure. The vehicle would include a tank holding a blend of water and ethanol, which is fed into an onboard reformer that splits it into hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The hydrogen is then fed into a
1023:(TTSI), Toyota Logistics Services (TLS), UPS, and Southern Counties Express (SCE) operated a 12-month "Shore-to-Store (S2S) project" running hydrogen fuel cell trucks on trips from Los Angeles area ports. The Kenworth T680 hydrogen prototype used in Los Angeles and Long Beach was unveiled in 2018 and also tested in the Seattle area.
807:(Emission Neutral Vehicle). It holds enough fuel to run for four hours, and to travel 160 km (100 mi) in an urban area, at a top speed of 80 km/h (50 mph). There are other examples of bikes and bicycles with a hydrogen fuel cell engine. The Suzuki Burgman received "whole vehicle type" approval in the EU. The
965:(CSR) demonstrated the world's first hydrogen fuel cell-powered tramcar at an assembly facility in Qingdao. 83 miles of tracks for the new vehicle were built in seven Chinese cities. China had plans to spend 200 billion yuan ($ 32 billion) over the next five years to increase tram tracks to more than 1,200 miles.
1329:, listed the continuing disadvantages of hydrogen fuel cell cars and concluded that "by about 2008, it was very clear that hydrogen was and would be inferior to battery technology as a storage of energy for vehicles. y 2025 the last hold outs should likely be retiring their fuel cell dreams.” A 2019 video by
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In 2014, electric automotive and energy futurist Julian Cox wrote that producing hydrogen from methane "is significantly more carbon intensive per unit of energy than coal. Mistaking fossil hydrogen from the hydraulic fracturing of shales for an environmentally sustainable energy pathway threatens to
1113:
In 2003, US President George Bush proposed the
Hydrogen Fuel Initiative (HFI). The HFI aimed to further develop hydrogen fuel cells and infrastructure technologies to accelerate the commercial introduction of fuel cell vehicles. By 2008, the U.S. had contributed 1 billion dollars to this project. In
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Japan got its first commercial hydrogen fueling station in 2014. By March 2016, Japan had 80 hydrogen fueling stations, and the
Japanese government aims to double this number to 160 by 2020. In May 2017, there were 91 hydrogen fueling stations in Japan. Germany had 18 public hydrogen fueling stations
976:, a regional train powered by hydrogen fuel cells. It was designed to reach 140 kilometres per hour (87 mph) and travel 600–800 kilometres (370–500 mi) on a full tank of hydrogen. The train entered service in Germany in 2018 and is expected to be tested in the Netherlands beginning in 2019.
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In 2015, Toyota announced that it would offer all 5,680 patents related to hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and hydrogen fuel cell charging station technology, which it has been researching for over 20 years, to its competitors free of charge in order to stimulate the market for hydrogen-powered vehicles.
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In 2006, Ulf Bossel stated that the large amount of energy required to isolate hydrogen from natural compounds (water, natural gas, biomass), package the light gas by compression or liquefaction, transfer the energy carrier to the user, plus the energy lost when it is converted to useful electricity
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used in gasoline production, chief amongst its industrial uses, was responsible for approximately 10% of fleet wide greenhouse gas emissions. A vehicle fueled with pure hydrogen emits few pollutants at the tailpipe, producing mainly water and heat, along with trace amounts of NOx, SOx, NO2, SO2, CO,
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granted $ 18.7M for hydrogen fueling stations. In 2013, Governor Brown signed AB 8, a bill to fund $ 20 million a year for 10 years for up to 100 stations. In 2013, the US DOE announced up to $ 4 million planned for "continued development of advanced hydrogen storage systems". On May 13, 2013, the
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wrote that fuel cells "are not as efficient as batteries, due primarily to the inefficiency of the oxygen reduction reaction. ... hey make the most sense for operation disconnected from the grid, or when fuel can be provided continuously. For applications that require frequent and relatively rapid
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from a wall socket". A 2010 well-to-wheels analysis of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles report from
Argonne National Laboratory states that renewable H2 pathways offer much larger green house gas benefits. This result has recently been confirmed. In 2010, a US DOE well-to-wheels publication assumed that
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instead, as these were cheaper to operate and purchase. However, battery electric buses lacked range compared to diesel buses, take time to charge (often overnight, compared with hydrogen fuel cell buses, which can be refilled quickly) and have reduced energy storage in cold weather. Some companies
237:
All fuel cells are made up of three parts: an electrolyte, an anode and a cathode. In principle, a hydrogen fuel cell functions like a battery, producing electricity, which can run an electric motor. Instead of requiring recharging, however, the fuel cell can be refilled with hydrogen. Different
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space program; another increase in the 80s was driven by research for automobiles. This was followed by a surge in filings from 2000 to 2005 by inventors in Japan, US and South Korea. Since then, China has dominated patent fillings in the field, with a smaller number in Japan, Germany, South Korea
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noted that using hydrogen as a fuel for cars does not help to reduce carbon emissions from transportation. The 95% of hydrogen still produced from fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide, and producing hydrogen from water is an energy-consuming process. Storing hydrogen requires more energy either to
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stated in 2013 that "there are still cost-prohibitive obstacles relating to transportation, storage, and, most importantly, production." Volkswagen's Rudolf Krebs said in 2013 that "no matter how excellent you make the cars themselves, the laws of physics hinder their overall efficiency. The most
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started to manufacture hydrogen powered 34-ton cargo trucks under the model name XCIENT, making an initial shipment of 10 of the vehicles to
Switzerland. They are able to travel 400 kilometres (250 mi) on a full tank and take 8 to 20 minutes to fill up. In 2022, Total Transportation Services
911:
used an AFC system with 6.5 kW net output. For each liter of fuel consumed, the average outboard motor produces 140 times less the hydrocarbons produced by the average modern car. Fuel cell engines have higher energy efficiencies than combustion engines, and therefore offer better range and
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fuel cell UAV set the record distance flown by a small UAV in 2007. The military is especially interested in this application because of the low noise, low thermal signature and ability to attain high altitude. In 2009, the Naval
Research Laboratory's (NRL's) Ion Tiger utilized a hydrogen-powered
466:
By 2017, Daimler phased out its FCEV development, citing declining battery costs and increasing range of EVs, and most of the automobile companies developing hydrogen cars had switched their focus to battery electric vehicles. By 2020, only three car makers were still manufacturing, or had active
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magazine cites relatively fast refueling times compared with electric truck charging times and the current limitations of the energy density of batteries, but they note that "operating constraints" include the "high amount of CO2 emissions hydrogen production", the lack of storage and refueling
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Almost 80% of the patents in the area of fuel cells for transportation were filed by car companies. Academia is collaborating actively with the industry. Although filings related to road vehicles such as cars and trucks dominate, inventions in other areas like shipping, aviation, rail and other
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for wheeled vehicles, specifically regarding hydrogen usage, there are international standards which define aspects of engineering and overall integrity, performance, safety, part lifecycle, and various other categories. One notable area of these regulations is regarding the compressed hydrogen
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hybrid system to power an electric motor, which was coupled to a conventional propeller. In 2003, the world's first propeller driven airplane to be powered entirely by a fuel cell was flown. The fuel cell was a unique FlatStack stack design which allowed the fuel cell to be integrated with the
779:
PEM fuel-cell-powered forklifts provide significant benefits over petroleum powered forklifts as they produce no local emissions. Fuel-cell forklifts can work for a full 8-hour shift on a single tank of hydrogen, can be refueled in 3 minutes and have a lifetime of 8–10 years. Fuel cell-powered
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found that the best hydrogen fuel cell vehicles consume "more than three times more electricity per mile than an electric vehicle ... generate more greenhouse-gas emissions than other powertrain technologies ... very high fuel costs. ... Considering all the obstacles and requirements for new
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encourage energy policies that will dilute and potentially derail global efforts to head-off climate change due to the risk of diverting investment and focus from vehicle technologies that are economically compatible with renewable energy." In 2014, former Dept. of Energy official
1122:, asserted that hydrogen vehicles "will not be practical over the next 10 to 20 years". In 2012, however, Chu stated that he saw fuel cell cars as more economically feasible as natural gas prices had fallen and hydrogen reforming technologies had improved. In June 2013, the
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reported that "experts say it will be 40 years or more before hydrogen has any meaningful impact on gasoline consumption or global warming, and we can't afford to wait that long. In the meantime, fuel cells are diverting resources from more immediate solutions." In 2008,
474:
lawsuit in
California over the lack of availability of hydrogen available for fuel cell electric cars, alleging, among other things, fraudulent concealment and misrepresentation as well as violations of California’s false advertising law and breaches of implied warranty.
222:
lawsuit in
California over the lack of availability of hydrogen available for fuel cell electric cars, alleging, among other things, fraudulent concealment and misrepresentation as well as violations of California’s false advertising law and breaches of implied warranty.
1345:, and delivering hydrogen would require building a vast and expensive new infrastructure, the remaining two "advantages of fuel cell vehicles – longer range and fast fueling times – are rapidly being eroded by improving battery and charging technology." A 2022 study in
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which consume much less energy. Usually a fuel cell car consumes 2.4 times more energy than a battery electric car, because electrolysis and storage of hydrogen is much less efficient than using electricity to directly load a battery. In addition, a 2023 study by the
1289:
asked in
November 2009, "hy would you want to store energy in the form of hydrogen and then use that hydrogen to produce electricity for a motor, when electrical energy is already waiting to be sucked out of sockets all over America and stored in auto batteries...?"
286:, a chemist, lawyer, and physicist. Grove's experiments with what he called a "gas voltaic battery" proved in 1842 that an electric current could be produced by an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen over a platinum catalyst. English engineer
151:, especially in indoor applications where their clean emissions are important to air quality, and in space applications. Fuel cells are being developed and tested in trucks, buses, boats, ships, motorcycles and bicycles, among other kinds of vehicles.
333:, a range of 120 miles and a top speed of 70 mph. There were only two seats, as the fuel cell stack and large tanks of hydrogen and oxygen took up the rear portion of the van. Only one was built, as the project was deemed cost-prohibitive.
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463:(MPGe), and 68 MPGe in city driving. In 2019, Katsushi Inoue, the president of Honda Europe, stated, "Our focus is on hybrid and electric vehicles now. Maybe hydrogen fuel cell cars will come, but that's a technology for the next era."
446:
estimated that Toyota initially would lose about $ 100,000 on each Mirai sold. As of
December 2017, global sales totaled 5,300 Mirais. The top selling markets were the U.S. with 2,900 units, Japan with 2,100 and Europe with 200.
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As of 2009, motor vehicles used most of the petroleum consumed in the U.S. and produced over 60% of the carbon monoxide emissions and about 20% of greenhouse gas emissions in the United States, however production of hydrogen for
1384:, a major aircraft manufacturer, has increased its patenting activity in the area since 2019. The number of fuel cell patents for shipping applications is comparable in size to the one for aviation and similarly slow in growth.
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concluded that, even assuming local hydrogen production, "investing in all-electric battery vehicles is a more economical choice for reducing carbon dioxide emissions, primarily due to their lower cost and significantly higher
1158:
As of September 2023, hydrogen cost $ 36 per kilogram at public charging stations in California, 14 times as much per mile for a Mirai as compared with a Tesla Model 3. The average price in Germany in 2023 is 12.5 euro per kg.
727:
Hydrogen fuel cell buses have historically been significantly more expensive to purchase and operate than diesel, hybrid or electric buses. In recent years, costs have been reduced to levels comparable with diesel buses.
1209:'This means that only a quarter of the initially available energy reaches the electric motor' ... Such losses in conversion don't stack up well against, for instance, recharging an electric vehicle (EV) like the
776:(2012). As of 2024, approximately 50,000 hydrogen forklifts are in operation worldwide (the bulk of which are in the U.S.), as compared with 1.2 million battery electric forklifts that were purchased in 2021.
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was produced from 2016 to 2021. The 2017 Clarity had the highest combined and city fuel economy ratings among all hydrogen fuel cell cars rated by the EPA that year, with a combined city/highway rating of 67
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infrastructure (estimated to cost as much as $ 400 billion), fuel-cell vehicles seem likely to be a niche technology at best, with little impact on U.S. oil consumption. In 2017, Michael Barnard, writing in
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and discontinued by 2015. From 2008 to 2014, Honda leased a total of 45 FCX units in the US. Over 20 other FCEV prototypes and demonstration cars were released in that time period, including the
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for automobiles publicly available in the U.S. Critics doubt whether hydrogen will be efficient or cost-effective for automobiles, as compared with other zero-emission technologies, and in 2019,
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As of December 2020, 31,225 passenger FCEVs powered with hydrogen had been sold worldwide. As of 2021, there were only two models of fuel cell cars publicly available in select markets: the
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A variety of bus manufacturers are currently producing hydrogen fuel cell buses. Bus manufacturers usually work with a provider of hydrogen fuel cells to power the bus, such as
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established the world's first fuel cell vehicle dealer network in 2008, and at the time was the only company able to lease hydrogen fuel cell vehicles to private customers. The
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General Electric and others continued working on PEM fuel cells in the 1970s. Fuel cell stacks were still limited principally to space applications in the 1980s, including the
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forklifts are often used in refrigerated warehouses as their performance is not degraded by lower temperatures. In design the FC units are often made as drop-in replacements.
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4214:. physorg.com, December 11, 2006, accessed August 2, 2011, citing Bossel, Ulf. "Does a Hydrogen Economy Make Sense?" Proceedings of the IEEE. Vol. 94, No. 10, October 2006
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Eberle and Rittmar von Helmolt stated in 2010 that challenges remain before fuel cell cars can become competitive with other technologies and cite the lack of an extensive
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hydrocarbons and particulates; the production of the hydrogen generally creates pollutants, except for the small amount that is made using only renewable energy.
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to customers began in Japan in December 2014. Most of the initial customers were expected to be governments and corporations, not individuals. Pricing started at
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178:, claimed to be the world's first mass-produced fuel cell electric vehicle, which was subsequently introduced to the market as a lease-only vehicle. In 2014,
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Assessments since 2020 have concluded that hydrogen vehicles are still only 38% efficient, while battery EVs from 80% to 95% efficient. A 2021 assessment by
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There are fuel cell vehicles for all modes of transport. The most prevalent fuel cell vehicles are cars, buses, forklifts and material handling vehicles.
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1275:". If hydrogen could be produced using renewable energy, "it would surely be easier simply to use this energy to charge the batteries of all-electric or
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1944:
700:, hydrogen-powered fuel-cell buses were tested in cities in the late 1990s. In the 2000s, buses entered trial service in cities around the world; the
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170:, which began leasing in 2008, was the world's first fuel cell vehicle designed for mass production rather than adapting an existing model. In 2013,
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By the 2010s, commercial introduction of hydrogen fuel cell buses was underway around the world. However, many transit operators were purchasing
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The environmental impact of fuel cell vehicles depends on the primary energy with which the hydrogen was produced. Fuel cell vehicles are only
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2598:"Appendix E – The Starting Point: A Discussion Paper Describing a Proposed Method of Sale and Quality Specification for Hydrogen Vehicle Fuel"
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significantly reduced emissions. Amsterdam introduced its first fuel cell powered boat in 2011 that ferries people around the city's canals.
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require a higher payload, the high energy density of hydrogen can make fuel cells a more advantageous solution than battery applications.
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ends up using some of the energy it creates. Then, energy is taken up by converting the hydrogen back into electricity within fuel cells.
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concluded that while hydrogen cars are far less efficient than electric cars, the vast majority of hydrogen being produced is polluting
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in 2008, but it was discontinued due to lack of hydrogen fuel services. Its predecessor was a hydrogen bicycle called Palcan, based in
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For transport applications such as long-haul trucks, fuel cells are a potential solution for zero emission transport. A 2022 study in
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3534:"A Review of Fuel Cell Powertrains for Long-Haul Heavy-Duty Vehicles: Technology, Hydrogen, Energy and Thermal Management Solutions"
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1175:. If this is the case fuel cell cars may be cleaner and more efficient than fossil fuel cars. However, they are not as efficient as
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By 2010, advancements in fuel cell technology had reduced the size, weight and cost of fuel cell electric vehicles. In 2010, the
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147:. Transporting and storing hydrogen may also create pollutants. Fuel cells have been used in various kinds of vehicles including
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166:, which began leasing on December 2, 2002, became the world's first government-certified commercial fuel cell vehicles, and the
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Notter, Dominic A.; Kouravelou, Katerina; Karachalios, Theodoros; Daletou, Maria K.; Haberland, Nara Tudela (January 1, 2015).
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The following table compares EPA's fuel economy expressed in miles per gallon gasoline equivalent (MPGe) for the two models of
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and the US. Between 2016 and 2020, annual filings, particularly for transportation applications, increased by a further 23%.
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concluded that renewable energy cannot economically be used to make hydrogen for an FCV fleet "either now or in the future."
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in July 2015. The German government hoped to increase this number to 50 by end of 2016, but only 30 were open in June 2017.
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signed a contract in California to supply a hydrogen fuel cell train in the US, the FLIRT H2 train, in 2024 as part of the
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Fouad, Fouad H.; Peters, Robert W.; Sisiopiku, Virginia P.; Sullivan, Andrew J.; Ahluwalia, Rajesh K. (December 1, 2007).
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Economic Impact of Fuel Cell Deployment in Forklifts and for Backup Power under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
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opined: "What's tough to dispute is that the hydrogen fuel cell dream is all but dead for the passenger vehicle market."
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Fuel Cell vehicle was available for lease from 2014 to 2018, when 54 units were leased. In 2018, Hyundai introduced the
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2874:"New Flyer launches new fuel cell bus model Xcelsior Charge FC (with Ballard technology and Siemens ELFA 3 drivetrain)"
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manufacturing programs for hydrogen cars. In 2023, 3,143 hydrogen cars were sold in the US compared with 380,000 BEVs.
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International Energy Agency (IEA), Clean Energy Ministerial, and Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI) (April 29, 2021).
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tested fuel cells to provide electrical power during crewed space missions. Fuel cell development continued with the
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researchers and industry partners throughout Europe conducted experimental flight tests in February 2008 of a crewed
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Global Assessment of Hydrogen Technologies – Task 5 Report Use of Fuel Cell Technology in Electric Power Generation
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infrastructure, H2 leakage and safety challenges, efficiency "losses in compression, storage and dispensing", .
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start-ups ... where zero emissions are a requirement, as in enclosed spaces such as warehouses." Also in 2008,
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100% clean and renewable wind, water, and sunlight (WWS) all-sector energy roadmaps for the 50 United States
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2155:. Environmental Leader: Environmental & Energy Management News, July 20, 2011, accessed August 2, 2011
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856:. The Fuel Cell Demonstrator Airplane, as it was called, used a Proton-Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell/
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signed AB 8, a bill to fund $ 20 million a year for 10 years to build up to 100 stations. In 2014, the
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3491:"Alstom to test its hydrogen fuel cell train in the Netherlands; first pilot project outside Germany"
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tool and choose "EV Stock", "Cars" and "World" for global stock, and "Country" for the country stock.
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storage systems that typically reach the end of qualified service life at 15 or fewer years in use.
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4452:"VW's Krebs talks hydrogen, says 'most efficient way to convert energy to mobility is electricity'"
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the efficiency of the single step of compressing hydrogen to 6,250 psi (43.1 MPa) at the
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International Energy Agency (IEA) Advanced Fuel Cells Technology Collaboration Programme (AFC TCP)
1184:(CICERO) estimated that leaked hydrogen has a global warming effect 11.6 times stronger than COâ‚‚.
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U.S. National Work Group Meeting for the Development of Commercial Hydrogen Measurement Standards
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4573:"Hydrogen cars won't overtake electric vehicles because they're hampered by the laws of science"
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2350:"Bibendum 2014: Former EU President says Toyota could lose 100,000 euros per hydrogen FCV sedan"
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4669:"New Report: Patenting Booms for Clean "Hydrogen Fuel Cell" Technologies for Transport"
3986:. DOE Fuel Cell Technologies Program, FY 2010 Annual Progress Report, accessed August 2, 2011
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757:(also called a fuel cell lift truck or a fuel cell forklift) is a fuel cell-powered industrial
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As of 2020, 5,648 hydrogen fuel cell buses were in use around the world, with 93.7% of them in
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4295:"Well-to-wheels greenhouse gas emissions and petroleum use for mid-size light- duty vehicles"
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3752:"Energy use for hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles: higher than electrics, even hybrids (analysis)"
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3400:. Frederik Pleitgen. CNN Tech: Nuclear Weapons. February 22, 2011. Accessed August 2, 2011.
2434:"Southern California customers take delivery of n>ew 2017 Honda Clarity Fuel Cell sedan"
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4054:"Hydrogen Cars Are Dead as Projects Are Scrapped and Refueling Prices Go Through the Roof"
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2363:"Toyota sells 1.52 million electrified vehicles in 2017, three years ahead of 2020 target"
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The first road vehicle powered by a fuel cell was the Chevrolet Electrovan, introduced by
8:
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3958:"Energy Department Launches Public-Private Partnership to Deploy Hydrogen Infrastructure"
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652:. According to Nissan, the liquid fuel could be an ethanol-water blend at a 55:45 ratio.
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was produced from 2016 to 2021, when it was discontinued. As of 2020, there was limited
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used to lift and transport materials. Most fuel cells used in forklifts are powered by
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One kg of hydrogen has roughly the same energy content as one U.S. gallon of gasoline.
5525:
5386:
5023:
4955:
4395:
4230:
3359:
3152:
2550:"The Switch from Hydrogen to Electric Vehicles Continues, Now Hyundai Makes the Move"
2097:
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with fuel cells, leaves around 25% for practical use." Richard Gilbert, co-author of
769:
412:
393:
383:
175:
4629:"Hydrogen technology is unlikely to play a major role in sustainable road transport"
833:
5675:
5670:
5627:
5540:
5511:
5277:
5257:
5224:
5077:
5028:
5000:
4898:
4134:
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2681:"Fuel Cell Buses in U.S. Transit Fleets: Summary of Experiences and Current Status"
2504:
2319:
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1219:
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689:
484:
136:
112:
104:
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1635:
1371:
fillings in the area of hydrogen fuel cells increased in the 1960s, partly due to
374:, is the world's first government-certified commercial hydrogen fuel cell vehicle.
5642:
5454:
5444:
5334:
4970:
4027:
4007:
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3699:
3680:
3651:"Sustainable transportation based on electric vehicle concepts: a brief overview"
3600:"Port of Los Angeles Rolls Out Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Freight Demonstration"
3385:
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3304:
3178:
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2048:
1948:
1929:
1895:"Toyota sued over lack of hydrogen availability for fuel cell cars in California"
1862:
1730:
1578:
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270:
211:
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3769:"CleanEnergyPartnership.de: FAQ - How Many Hydrogen Filling Stations Are There?"
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wrote in 2009, "Any way you look at it, hydrogen is a lousy way to move cars."
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1267:
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758:
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717:
701:
329:
developed the first fuel cell road vehicle, the Chevrolet Electrovan. It had a
326:
314:
310:
302:
171:
155:
120:
116:
5576:
4482:"Tesla Trumps Toyota: Why Hydrogen Cars Can’t Compete With Pure Electric Cars"
4020:
3912:"Cheap Natural Gas Prompts Energy Department to Soften Its Line on Fuel Cells"
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farm tractor, fitted with a 15 kilowatt fuel cell, around 1959. The Cold War
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5535:
5459:
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5038:
4990:
4960:
4921:
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Comparison of fuel economy expressed in MPGe for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
337:
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In 2008, professor Jeremy P. Meyers, in the Electrochemical Society journal
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rated by the EPA as of September 2021, and available in California.
371:
282:
in 1801, but the invention of the first working fuel cell is credited to
159:
144:
77:
3898:
2485:
One kg of hydrogen is roughly equivalent to one U.S. gallon of gasoline.
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1127:
Energy Department launched H2USA, which is focused on advancing
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The first submersible application of fuel cells is the German
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produced the first working hydrogen run motorcycle called the
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4435:"1 Giant Obstacle Keeping Hydrogen Fuel Out of Your Gas Tank"
3352:"Fuel Cells 2000 : Fuel Cell Basics : Applications"
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was a hydrogen bicycle with an electric motor. It debuted in
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4041:"The Great Compression: the Future of the Hydrogen Economy"
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In 2013, there were over 4,000 fuel cell forklifts used in
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Full Fuel-Cycle Comparison of Forklift Propulsion Systems
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Vehicle that uses a fuel cell to power its electric motor
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Graph showing increase in fuel cell patent applications
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The concept of the fuel cell was first demonstrated by
4469:"Time To Come Clean About Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles"
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Fuel Cell Demonstrator powered by a hydrogen fuel cell
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1468:"Hydrogen Production: Natural Gas Reforming"
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5283:Hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle
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3157:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
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2665:. Forschungszentrum JĂĽlich.
2042:“Fuel Cell History, Part 2”
1780:International Energy Agency
1428:Reformed methanol fuel cell
1418:Glossary of fuel cell terms
1406:
1245:Criticism of fuel cell cars
1043:hydrogen refueling stations
485:hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
260:reformed methanol fuel cell
252:molten carbonate fuel cells
10:
5838:
5612:Fuel cell electric vehicle
4727:. May 2022. p. 19;46.
3655:Royal Society of Chemistry
3550:Jung, Ryu (July 7, 2020).
2587:, Bloomberg, April 4, 2024
2369:: Toyota. February 2, 2018
2102:Royal Society of Chemistry
1500:. Retrieved July 24, 2016.
1030:
954:
934:
919:
884:
826:
799:In 2005, the British firm
746:
698:phosphoric acid fuel cells
659:
613:402 mi (647 km)
589:312 mi (502 km)
565:380 mi (610 km)
500:as of September 2021
350:List of fuel cell vehicles
347:
265:
248:phosphoric acid fuel cells
244:direct methanol fuel cells
230:
97:fuel cell electric vehicle
18:Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle
5800:
5740:
5720:
5684:
5658:
5651:
5620:
5584:
5567:
5518:
5432:
5416:What Is the Electric Car?
5400:
5327:
5291:
5263:Hydrogen-powered aircraft
5243:
5167:
4999:
4969:
4912:
4889:
4871:
4865:Alternative fuel vehicles
4557:Ruffo, Gustavo Henrique.
3799:October 29, 2017, at the
3540:, MDPI, December 16, 2022
3532:Pardi, Shantanu, et. al.
3421:Hammerschmidt, Albert E.
3364:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2465:U.S. Department of Energy
1443:Hydrogen fuel enhancement
1177:battery electric vehicles
1141:U.S. Department of Energy
993:
933:
829:Hydrogen-powered aircraft
619:
505:
492:
207:hydrogen fueling stations
5607:Battery electric vehicle
5597:Plug-in electric vehicle
5125:Plug-in electric vehicle
5105:Gyro flywheel locomotive
5083:Battery electric vehicle
4228:, New Society Publishers
2907:Toyota Motor Corporation
2849:Urban Transport Magazine
2768:Toyota Motor Corporation
1636:"Hyundai ix35 Fuel Cell"
1453:
880:
866:unmanned aerial vehicles
795:Motorcycles and bicycles
655:
205:, with fewer than fifty
174:began production of the
5592:Hybrid electric vehicle
5345:Hybrid electric vehicle
5309:Liquid nitrogen vehicle
5304:Hybrid electric vehicle
5110:Hybrid electric vehicle
5073:Electric platform truck
4776:. May 2022. p. 36.
4657:. May 2022. p. 17.
3947:, DOE, October 29, 2013
3883:"Q & A: Steven Chu"
3659:(subscription required)
1974:US Department of Energy
1852:, accessed July 2, 2020
1808:Global EV Data Explorer
1709:The Wall Street Journal
1134:
1129:hydrogen infrastructure
1039:hydrogen infrastructure
1033:Hydrogen infrastructure
1027:Hydrogen infrastructure
456:Honda Clarity Fuel Cell
301:vehicle was a modified
203:hydrogen infrastructure
193:(2014–present) and the
133:zero-emissions vehicles
119:, to power its onboard
5470:Zero-emissions vehicle
4986:Compressed-air vehicle
4927:Solar-powered aircraft
4800:. May 2022. p. 7.
4753:. May 2022. p. 6.
4706:. May 2022. p. 5.
4039:Brian Warshay, Brian.
3054:"Fuel cell technology"
2243:"The New Hyundai ix35"
2178:on September 30, 2022.
2081:“Gemini-V Information”
1923:"What Is a Fuel Cell?"
1364:
1203:producing hydrogen gas
1169:environmentally benign
1120:US Secretary of Energy
1007:
952:
904:
842:
791:
713:battery electric buses
678:
386:
375:
275:
256:solid oxide fuel cells
5707:EE/FF (CCS Combo 1/2)
5340:Flexible-fuel vehicle
5268:Hydrogen-powered ship
5220:Flexible-fuel vehicle
5095:Electric kick scooter
4828:Fuel cell market size
4375:Wrigglesworth, Phil.
4355:Squatriglia, Chuck.
4123:MZ Jacobson and Co.,
3843:"How Fuel Cells Work"
2718:on September 29, 2007
1942:"Types of Fuel Cells"
1393:construction vehicles
1362:
1001:
943:
898:
887:hydrogen-powered ship
836:
786:
733:Ballard Power Systems
669:
650:solid oxide fuel cell
381:
365:
348:Further information:
273:
231:Further information:
5465:Wind-powered vehicle
5049:Battery electric bus
4308:on November 30, 2009
4195:"Fuel Cell Vehicles"
4150:Bjørnæs, Christian.
4133:8, 2015, 2093-2117,
4075:www.handelsblatt.com
4060:, September 20, 2023
3196:www.globalsuzuki.com
3080:"Fuel cell forklift"
2436:. Green Car Congress
2326:on November 29, 2014
2318:. Fox News Chicago.
2171:The Washington Times
2122:“1966 GM Electrovan”
1517:on January 29, 2023.
1163:Environmental impact
946:Alstom Coradia iLint
406:Mercedes-Benz F-Cell
288:Francis Thomas Bacon
197:(2018–present). The
5551:Electric locomotive
5314:Natural gas vehicle
4458:, November 20, 2013
4450:Blanco, Sebastian.
4441:, November 23, 2013
4424:, November 17, 2009
4299:hydrogen.energy.gov
4275:on December 2, 2013
4099:Energy Environ. Sci
3604:City of Los Angeles
3287:on January 6, 2010.
3216:on January 15, 2008
3131:15. Dezember 2007.
3086:on December 6, 2010
3060:on December 3, 2013
2880:. September 8, 2022
2825:. September 5, 2019
2744:. December 10, 2010
2558:, September 1, 2017
2292:Wall Street Journal
2211:. Green Car Reports
1585:on January 7, 2019.
1286:The Washington Post
1230:Stanford University
1153:fuel cell forklifts
1061:Codes and standards
979:Swiss manufacturer
858:lithium-ion battery
398:Southern California
319:the Apollo capsules
294:from 1939 to 1959.
292:alkaline fuel cells
141:hydrogen production
129:compressed hydrogen
5822:Fuel cell vehicles
5638:Tesla Supercharger
4981:Compressed-air car
4947:List of prototypes
4634:Nature Electronics
4540:Barnard, Michael.
4338:Meyers, Jeremy P.
4139:10.1039/C5EE01283J
4111:10.1039/c5ee01082a
4052:Agatie, Cristian.
4026:2011-10-19 at the
4006:2011-08-21 at the
3916:The New York Times
3862:The New York Times
3698:2018-06-24 at the
3679:2013-12-02 at the
3497:, November 3, 2019
3495:Green Car Congress
3384:2014-07-31 at the
3337:2015-10-15 at the
3303:2011-10-14 at the
3177:2011-07-22 at the
3040:2013-02-17 at the
3017:Barnard, Michael.
3005:2013-12-03 at the
2987:2013-12-03 at the
2932:zhongtongbuses.com
2508:, November 4, 2019
2467:(September 2021).
2367:Toyota City, Japan
2151:2011-07-23 at the
2047:2015-04-02 at the
1947:2010-06-09 at the
1928:2008-11-06 at the
1619:Yonhap News Agency
1365:
1348:Nature Electronics
1080:. You can help by
1008:
953:
928:Type 212 submarine
905:
843:
801:Intelligent Energy
792:
755:fuel cell forklift
749:Fuel cell forklift
679:
387:
376:
276:
274:1966 GM Electrovan
242:(PEM) Fuel Cells,
182:began selling the
5809:
5808:
5796:
5795:
5736:
5735:
5671:Type 2 (Mennekes)
5526:Electric aircraft
5512:Electric vehicles
5478:
5477:
5387:Electric aircraft
5253:Fuel cell vehicle
5100:Fuel cell vehicle
5024:Electric aircraft
4956:Electric aircraft
4881:Fuel cell vehicle
4506:Brown, Nicholas.
4396:Los Angeles Times
4250:Arizona Daily Sun
3887:Technology Review
3775:on August 8, 2016
3756:Green Car Reports
3737:. March 16, 2016.
3630:Hydrogen Cars Now
3458:. March 25, 2015.
3025:, January 2, 2024
2634:Green Car Reports
2570:Morris, Charles.
2548:Williams, Keith.
2530:on August 2, 2017
2365:(Press release).
2290:Japan Real Time (
2261:, January 5, 2015
2259:Green Car Reports
1865:(July 25, 2022).
1685:on March 24, 2016
1625:on June 21, 2015.
1603:on July 29, 2021.
1563:on March 8, 2023.
1542:on March 8, 2023.
1448:Water-fuelled car
1320:Green Car Reports
1281:Los Angeles Times
1239:energy efficiency
1228:by scientists at
1220:refueling station
1098:
1097:
770:material handling
629:
628:
625:
413:Hyundai ix35 FCEV
394:Honda FCX Clarity
384:Honda FCX Clarity
370:, along with the
297:The first modern
176:Hyundai ix35 FCEV
168:Honda FCX Clarity
137:hydrogen vehicles
127:from the air and
89:fuel cell vehicle
16:(Redirected from
5829:
5656:
5655:
5649:
5648:
5628:Charging station
5579:
5573:
5541:Electric bicycle
5505:
5498:
5491:
5482:
5481:
5278:Hydrogen vehicle
5258:Hydrogen economy
5225:Methanol economy
5078:Electric vehicle
5029:Electric bicycle
5001:Electric battery
4899:Electric bicycle
4858:
4851:
4844:
4835:
4834:
4814:Heetebrij, Jan.
4802:
4801:
4795:
4787:
4778:
4777:
4769:
4761:
4755:
4754:
4746:
4738:
4729:
4728:
4722:
4714:
4708:
4707:
4699:
4691:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4680:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4652:
4644:
4638:
4627:Plötz, Patrick.
4625:
4619:
4618:
4616:
4614:
4599:
4593:
4592:
4590:
4588:
4577:The Conversation
4568:
4562:
4555:
4549:
4538:
4532:
4531:, March 19, 2015
4521:
4515:
4504:
4498:
4491:
4485:
4478:
4472:
4465:
4459:
4448:
4442:
4431:
4425:
4414:
4408:
4407:
4405:
4403:
4386:
4380:
4373:
4364:
4353:
4347:
4336:
4330:
4324:
4318:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4307:
4301:. Archived from
4291:
4285:
4284:
4282:
4280:
4274:
4268:. Archived from
4267:
4259:
4253:
4243:
4237:
4221:
4215:
4208:
4202:
4192:
4186:
4185:
4177:
4171:
4165:
4159:
4148:
4142:
4121:
4115:
4114:
4105:(7): 1969–1985.
4090:
4079:
4078:
4067:
4061:
4050:
4044:
4037:
4031:
4017:
4011:
3998:
3987:
3973:
3962:
3961:
3954:
3948:
3942:
3936:
3927:Anderson, Mark.
3925:
3919:
3910:Motavalli, Jim.
3908:
3902:
3896:
3890:
3879:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3852:
3846:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3830:
3828:
3818:
3810:
3804:
3791:
3785:
3784:
3782:
3780:
3771:. Archived from
3765:
3759:
3750:Voelcker, John.
3748:
3739:
3738:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3719:. July 14, 2014.
3709:
3703:
3690:
3684:
3670:
3661:
3660:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3622:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3587:
3585:
3580:. April 26, 2022
3570:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3547:
3541:
3530:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3504:
3498:
3488:
3482:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3466:
3460:
3459:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3432:
3426:
3419:
3413:
3407:
3401:
3395:
3389:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3363:
3355:
3348:
3342:
3329:
3320:
3314:
3308:
3295:
3289:
3288:
3283:. Archived from
3277:
3271:
3269:
3264:. Archived from
3258:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3247:
3235:Röhrich, Klaus.
3232:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3188:
3182:
3169:
3163:
3162:
3156:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3112:on March 6, 2008
3102:
3096:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3082:. Archived from
3076:
3070:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3056:. Archived from
3050:
3044:
3032:
3026:
3015:
3009:
2997:
2991:
2979:
2973:
2968:
2962:
2961:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2924:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2913:
2899:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2870:
2861:
2860:
2858:
2856:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2815:
2809:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2789:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2770:. March 28, 2018
2760:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2734:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2685:
2676:
2667:
2666:
2660:
2651:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2625:
2616:
2615:
2614:on June 8, 2011.
2613:
2602:
2594:
2588:
2581:
2575:
2568:
2559:
2546:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2526:. Archived from
2515:
2509:
2505:The Sunday Times
2496:
2487:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2457:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2441:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2399:on July 7, 2022.
2385:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2359:
2353:
2342:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2322:. Archived from
2320:Associated Press
2311:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2281:
2275:
2270:Panait, Mircea.
2268:
2262:
2252:
2246:
2241:Voelcker, John.
2239:
2233:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2196:on May 21, 2022.
2186:
2180:
2179:
2162:
2156:
2143:
2137:
2131:
2125:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2093:
2084:
2077:
2071:
2068:“PEM Fuel Cells”
2065:
2052:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2027:
2021:Green Car Future
2013:
2007:
2006:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1983:on July 11, 2012
1982:
1967:
1958:
1952:
1939:
1933:
1920:
1914:
1908:
1902:
1899:Hydrogen Insight
1891:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1859:
1853:
1843:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1818:
1812:
1804:
1798:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1737:on July 6, 2015.
1723:
1717:
1716:
1715:on May 26, 2018.
1701:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1681:. Archived from
1675:
1669:
1668:
1667:on July 6, 2022.
1657:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1553:
1544:
1543:
1528:
1519:
1518:
1507:
1501:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1464:
1413:Hydrogen vehicle
1331:Real Engineering
1274:
1265:, the author of
1208:
1173:renewable energy
1093:
1090:
1072:
1065:
936:
790:FC-me motorcycle
690:diesel emissions
675:Zhengzhou, China
620:
490:
489:
441:
433:
105:electric vehicle
74:
57:
40:
21:
5837:
5836:
5832:
5831:
5830:
5828:
5827:
5826:
5812:
5811:
5810:
5805:
5792:
5732:
5716:
5680:
5647:
5643:Vehicle-to-grid
5616:
5580:
5574:
5565:
5514:
5509:
5479:
5474:
5455:Wave power ship
5445:Ram air turbine
5428:
5396:
5335:Bi-fuel vehicle
5323:
5287:
5239:
5163:
5003:
4995:
4972:
4971:Compressed-air
4965:
4908:
4885:
4867:
4862:
4811:
4806:
4805:
4793:
4789:
4788:
4781:
4767:
4763:
4762:
4758:
4744:
4740:
4739:
4732:
4720:
4716:
4715:
4711:
4697:
4693:
4692:
4688:
4678:
4676:
4667:
4666:
4662:
4650:
4646:
4645:
4641:
4626:
4622:
4612:
4610:
4600:
4596:
4586:
4584:
4569:
4565:
4556:
4552:
4539:
4535:
4523:Meyers, Glenn.
4522:
4518:
4514:, June 26, 2015
4505:
4501:
4492:
4488:
4479:
4475:
4466:
4462:
4449:
4445:
4439:The Motley Fool
4433:Chatsko, Maxx.
4432:
4428:
4422:Washington Post
4415:
4411:
4401:
4399:
4387:
4383:
4374:
4367:
4354:
4350:
4337:
4333:
4325:
4321:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4293:
4292:
4288:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4265:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4244:
4240:
4222:
4218:
4209:
4205:
4193:
4189:
4178:
4174:
4166:
4162:
4149:
4145:
4122:
4118:
4091:
4082:
4069:
4068:
4064:
4051:
4047:
4038:
4034:
4028:Wayback Machine
4018:
4014:
4008:Wayback Machine
3999:
3990:
3984:Wayback Machine
3974:
3965:
3956:
3955:
3951:
3943:
3939:
3935:, June 13, 2013
3926:
3922:
3909:
3905:
3897:
3893:
3881:Bullis, Kevin.
3880:
3876:
3867:
3865:
3853:
3849:
3840:
3836:
3826:
3824:
3816:
3811:
3807:
3801:Wayback Machine
3792:
3788:
3778:
3776:
3767:
3766:
3762:
3749:
3742:
3735:The Japan Times
3729:
3728:
3724:
3717:The Japan Times
3711:
3710:
3706:
3700:Wayback Machine
3691:
3687:
3681:Wayback Machine
3671:
3664:
3658:
3648:
3644:
3634:
3632:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3609:
3607:
3598:
3597:
3593:
3583:
3581:
3572:
3571:
3567:
3557:
3555:
3548:
3544:
3531:
3527:
3517:
3515:
3505:
3501:
3489:
3485:
3475:
3473:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3448:
3447:
3443:
3434:
3433:
3429:
3420:
3416:
3408:
3404:
3396:
3392:
3386:Wayback Machine
3377:
3373:
3357:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3345:
3339:Wayback Machine
3330:
3323:
3315:
3311:
3305:Wayback Machine
3296:
3292:
3279:
3278:
3274:
3268:on May 9, 2013.
3260:
3259:
3255:
3245:
3243:
3233:
3229:
3219:
3217:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3179:Wayback Machine
3170:
3166:
3150:
3149:
3142:
3140:
3135:. Youtube.com.
3129:
3125:
3115:
3113:
3104:
3103:
3099:
3089:
3087:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3063:
3061:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3042:Wayback Machine
3033:
3029:
3016:
3012:
3007:Wayback Machine
2998:
2994:
2989:Wayback Machine
2980:
2976:
2969:
2965:
2950:
2946:
2936:
2934:
2926:
2925:
2921:
2911:
2909:
2901:
2900:
2893:
2883:
2881:
2878:Sustainable Bus
2872:
2871:
2864:
2854:
2852:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2828:
2826:
2823:Sustainable Bus
2817:
2816:
2812:
2802:
2800:
2790:
2783:
2773:
2771:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2747:
2745:
2736:
2735:
2731:
2721:
2719:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2695:
2693:
2683:
2677:
2670:
2658:
2652:
2648:
2638:
2636:
2626:
2619:
2611:
2600:
2596:
2595:
2591:
2582:
2578:
2569:
2562:
2547:
2543:
2533:
2531:
2524:fleeteurope.com
2516:
2512:
2497:
2490:
2477:
2475:
2473:fueleconomy.gov
2458:
2449:
2439:
2437:
2430:
2426:
2416:
2414:
2413:. June 16, 2021
2409:
2408:
2404:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2372:
2370:
2361:
2360:
2356:
2343:
2339:
2329:
2327:
2312:
2308:
2298:
2296:
2282:
2278:
2269:
2265:
2253:
2249:
2240:
2236:
2228:
2224:
2214:
2212:
2205:
2201:
2188:
2187:
2183:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2153:Wayback Machine
2144:
2140:
2132:
2128:
2120:
2116:
2106:
2104:
2094:
2087:
2079:Dumoulin, Jim.
2078:
2074:
2066:
2055:
2049:Wayback Machine
2039:
2035:
2025:
2023:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2001:
2000:
1996:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1965:
1959:
1955:
1949:Wayback Machine
1940:
1936:
1930:Wayback Machine
1921:
1917:
1909:
1905:
1901:, July 15, 2024
1893:Martin, Polly.
1892:
1885:
1875:
1873:
1871:The Motley Fool
1860:
1856:
1844:
1837:
1827:
1825:
1824:. June 16, 2021
1820:
1819:
1815:
1792:
1791:
1784:
1782:
1772:
1768:
1758:
1756:
1755:on May 16, 2022
1747:
1746:
1742:
1731:The Japan Times
1725:
1724:
1720:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1688:
1686:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1646:
1642:
1634:
1630:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1579:The Japan Times
1573:
1572:
1568:
1555:
1554:
1547:
1536:The Japan Times
1530:
1529:
1522:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1492:
1488:
1478:
1476:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1456:
1409:
1357:
1309:GreenTech Media
1295:The Motley Fool
1279:vehicles." The
1272:
1247:
1206:
1165:
1137:
1111:
1094:
1088:
1085:
1078:needs expansion
1063:
1035:
1029:
996:
961:In March 2015,
959:
938:
924:
918:
893:
885:Main articles:
883:
876:
831:
825:
797:
751:
745:
664:
658:
634:
537:
527:
520:
513:
494:
481:
439:
431:
360:
352:
346:
268:
235:
229:
212:The Motley Fool
85:
84:
83:
82:
81:
75:
66:
65:
64:
58:
49:
48:
47:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5835:
5825:
5824:
5807:
5806:
5801:
5798:
5797:
5794:
5793:
5791:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5744:
5742:
5738:
5737:
5734:
5733:
5731:
5730:
5724:
5722:
5718:
5717:
5715:
5714:
5709:
5704:
5699:
5694:
5688:
5686:
5682:
5681:
5679:
5678:
5676:Type 3 (Scame)
5673:
5668:
5662:
5660:
5653:
5646:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5624:
5622:
5618:
5617:
5615:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5588:
5586:
5582:
5581:
5568:
5566:
5564:
5563:
5561:Electric truck
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5522:
5520:
5516:
5515:
5508:
5507:
5500:
5493:
5485:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5436:
5434:
5430:
5429:
5427:
5426:
5419:
5412:
5404:
5402:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5383:
5382:
5377:
5367:
5365:Plug-in hybrid
5362:
5357:
5355:Hybrid vehicle
5352:
5347:
5342:
5337:
5331:
5329:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5301:
5295:
5293:
5289:
5288:
5286:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5273:Hydrogen train
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5249:
5247:
5241:
5240:
5238:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5176:
5174:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5161:
5160:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5139:
5134:
5133:
5132:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5086:
5085:
5075:
5070:
5068:Electric truck
5065:
5064:
5063:
5053:
5052:
5051:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5010:
5008:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4993:
4988:
4983:
4977:
4975:
4967:
4966:
4964:
4963:
4958:
4953:
4952:
4951:
4950:
4949:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4918:
4916:
4910:
4909:
4907:
4906:
4901:
4895:
4893:
4887:
4886:
4884:
4883:
4877:
4875:
4869:
4868:
4861:
4860:
4853:
4846:
4838:
4832:
4831:
4825:
4819:
4810:
4809:External links
4807:
4804:
4803:
4779:
4756:
4730:
4709:
4686:
4675:. May 17, 2022
4660:
4639:
4620:
4594:
4563:
4550:
4548:, May 30, 2017
4533:
4529:Clean Technica
4516:
4512:Clean Technica
4499:
4486:
4480:Romm, Joseph.
4473:
4460:
4443:
4426:
4416:Suplee, Curt.
4409:
4381:
4365:
4363:, May 12, 2008
4348:
4331:
4319:
4286:
4254:
4238:
4216:
4203:
4187:
4172:
4160:
4143:
4116:
4080:
4071:"Handelsblatt"
4062:
4058:Auto Evolution
4045:
4032:
4012:
3988:
3975:Garbak, John.
3963:
3949:
3937:
3920:
3918:, May 29, 2012
3903:
3891:
3889:, May 14, 2009
3874:
3847:
3834:
3821:United Nations
3805:
3786:
3760:
3740:
3722:
3704:
3685:
3662:
3642:
3617:
3606:. June 8, 2021
3591:
3565:
3542:
3525:
3499:
3483:
3461:
3455:Bloomberg News
3441:
3427:
3414:
3402:
3390:
3371:
3343:
3321:
3309:
3290:
3272:
3253:
3227:
3201:
3183:
3164:
3123:
3106:"The ENV Bike"
3097:
3071:
3045:
3027:
3010:
2992:
2974:
2963:
2944:
2919:
2891:
2862:
2851:. July 5, 2021
2836:
2810:
2781:
2755:
2729:
2703:
2692:. pp. 1–2
2668:
2646:
2617:
2589:
2576:
2560:
2541:
2510:
2498:Allen, James.
2488:
2447:
2424:
2402:
2380:
2354:
2337:
2306:
2276:
2263:
2247:
2234:
2222:
2199:
2181:
2157:
2138:
2126:
2114:
2085:
2072:
2053:
2040:Wand, George.
2033:
2008:
1994:
1953:
1934:
1915:
1903:
1883:
1854:
1835:
1813:
1766:
1740:
1718:
1696:
1670:
1652:
1640:
1628:
1606:
1588:
1566:
1545:
1520:
1502:
1486:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1408:
1405:
1356:
1353:
1313:Clean Technica
1277:plug-in hybrid
1268:Energy Victory
1246:
1243:
1164:
1161:
1136:
1133:
1110:
1107:
1096:
1095:
1089:September 2021
1075:
1073:
1062:
1059:
1031:Main article:
1028:
1025:
995:
992:
955:Main article:
950:InnoTrans 2016
937:
932:
917:
914:
903:fuel cell boat
891:Fuel Cell Boat
882:
879:
874:
824:
821:
796:
793:
759:forklift truck
744:
741:
722:supercapacitor
718:range extender
702:European Union
657:
654:
636:In June 2016,
633:
630:
627:
626:
617:
616:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
593:
592:
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
569:
568:
566:
563:
560:
557:
551:
548:
542:
541:
534:
531:
524:
517:
510:
507:
503:
502:
480:
477:
359:
356:
345:
342:
327:General Motors
315:Apollo Program
311:Project Gemini
303:Allis-Chalmers
267:
264:
228:
225:
172:Hyundai Motors
156:General Motors
121:electric motor
117:supercapacitor
76:
69:
68:
67:
59:
52:
51:
50:
42:
35:
34:
33:
32:
31:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5834:
5823:
5820:
5819:
5817:
5804:
5799:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5745:
5743:
5739:
5729:
5726:
5725:
5723:
5719:
5713:
5710:
5708:
5705:
5703:
5700:
5698:
5695:
5693:
5690:
5689:
5687:
5683:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5663:
5661:
5657:
5654:
5650:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5633:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5623:
5619:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5589:
5587:
5583:
5578:
5572:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5536:Electric boat
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5523:
5521:
5517:
5513:
5506:
5501:
5499:
5494:
5492:
5487:
5486:
5483:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5460:Windmill ship
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5431:
5425:
5424:
5420:
5418:
5417:
5413:
5411:
5410:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5401:Documentaries
5399:
5393:
5392:Electric boat
5390:
5388:
5385:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5372:
5371:
5370:Solar vehicle
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5328:Multiple-fuel
5326:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5300:
5297:
5296:
5294:
5290:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5246:
5242:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5230:Methanol fuel
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5166:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5144:
5143:
5142:Solar vehicle
5140:
5138:
5135:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5084:
5081:
5080:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5057:
5054:
5050:
5047:
5046:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5039:Electric boat
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5007:
5002:
4998:
4992:
4991:Tesla turbine
4989:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4974:
4968:
4962:
4961:Electric boat
4959:
4957:
4954:
4948:
4945:
4944:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4924:
4923:
4922:Solar vehicle
4920:
4919:
4917:
4915:
4911:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4892:
4888:
4882:
4879:
4878:
4876:
4874:
4870:
4866:
4859:
4854:
4852:
4847:
4845:
4840:
4839:
4836:
4829:
4826:
4823:
4820:
4817:
4813:
4812:
4799:
4792:
4786:
4784:
4775:
4774:
4766:
4760:
4752:
4751:
4743:
4737:
4735:
4726:
4719:
4713:
4705:
4704:
4696:
4690:
4679:September 13,
4674:
4670:
4664:
4656:
4649:
4643:
4636:
4635:
4630:
4624:
4609:
4605:
4598:
4582:
4578:
4574:
4567:
4560:
4554:
4547:
4543:
4537:
4530:
4526:
4520:
4513:
4509:
4503:
4496:
4490:
4483:
4477:
4470:
4467:Cox, Julian.
4464:
4457:
4456:AutoblogGreen
4453:
4447:
4440:
4436:
4430:
4423:
4419:
4413:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4385:
4378:
4372:
4370:
4362:
4358:
4352:
4345:
4341:
4335:
4328:
4323:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4290:
4271:
4264:
4258:
4252:, May 2, 2011
4251:
4247:
4242:
4236:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4220:
4213:
4210:Zyga, Lisa.
4207:
4200:
4196:
4191:
4183:
4176:
4169:
4164:
4157:
4153:
4147:
4140:
4136:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4120:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4096:
4089:
4087:
4085:
4076:
4072:
4066:
4059:
4055:
4049:
4042:
4036:
4029:
4025:
4022:
4016:
4009:
4005:
4002:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3985:
3981:
3978:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3959:
3953:
3946:
3941:
3934:
3930:
3924:
3917:
3913:
3907:
3900:
3895:
3888:
3884:
3878:
3864:
3863:
3858:
3851:
3844:
3838:
3827:September 19,
3822:
3815:
3809:
3802:
3798:
3795:
3794:"H2-Stations"
3790:
3774:
3770:
3764:
3758:, May 4, 2017
3757:
3753:
3747:
3745:
3736:
3732:
3726:
3718:
3714:
3708:
3701:
3697:
3694:
3689:
3682:
3678:
3675:
3669:
3667:
3656:
3652:
3646:
3631:
3627:
3621:
3605:
3601:
3595:
3579:
3575:
3569:
3554:. Chosun Ilbo
3553:
3546:
3539:
3535:
3529:
3514:
3513:Hydrogen View
3510:
3503:
3496:
3492:
3487:
3476:September 21,
3471:
3465:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3445:
3437:
3431:
3424:
3418:
3411:
3406:
3399:
3394:
3387:
3383:
3380:
3375:
3367:
3361:
3353:
3347:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3328:
3326:
3318:
3313:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3294:
3286:
3282:
3276:
3267:
3263:
3257:
3242:
3241:Pangloss Labs
3238:
3231:
3215:
3211:
3205:
3197:
3193:
3187:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3168:
3160:
3154:
3143:September 21,
3138:
3134:
3127:
3111:
3107:
3101:
3085:
3081:
3075:
3059:
3055:
3049:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3031:
3024:
3023:CleanTechnica
3020:
3014:
3008:
3004:
3001:
2996:
2990:
2986:
2983:
2978:
2972:
2967:
2959:
2955:
2952:Konrad, Tom.
2948:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2908:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2879:
2875:
2869:
2867:
2850:
2846:
2840:
2824:
2820:
2814:
2799:
2798:CleanTechnica
2795:
2788:
2786:
2769:
2765:
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2743:
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2733:
2717:
2713:
2707:
2691:
2690:
2682:
2675:
2673:
2664:
2657:
2650:
2635:
2631:
2624:
2622:
2610:
2606:
2599:
2593:
2586:
2583:Woody, Todd.
2580:
2573:
2567:
2565:
2557:
2556:
2555:Seeking Alpha
2551:
2545:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2495:
2493:
2486:
2478:September 13,
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2435:
2428:
2412:
2406:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2368:
2364:
2358:
2351:
2347:
2344:Ayre, James.
2341:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2310:
2295:
2293:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2267:
2260:
2256:
2251:
2244:
2238:
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2210:
2203:
2195:
2191:
2185:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2161:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2142:
2135:
2130:
2123:
2118:
2103:
2099:
2092:
2090:
2082:
2076:
2069:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2037:
2022:
2018:
2012:
2004:
1998:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1946:
1943:
1938:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1919:
1912:
1907:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1888:
1876:September 18,
1872:
1868:
1864:
1863:Hoium, Travis
1858:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1840:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1809:
1802:
1796:
1781:
1777:
1770:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1722:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1700:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1649:
1644:
1637:
1632:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1602:
1598:
1592:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1570:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1550:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1527:
1525:
1516:
1512:
1506:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1463:
1459:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1404:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1361:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1343:grey hydrogen
1340:
1339:CleanTechnica
1335:
1332:
1328:
1327:
1321:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1270:
1269:
1264:
1263:Robert Zubrin
1259:
1258:
1252:
1242:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1190:hydrocracking
1185:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1160:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1132:
1130:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1106:
1103:
1092:
1083:
1079:
1076:This section
1074:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1058:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1034:
1024:
1021:
1016:
1013:
1006:, Switzerland
1005:
1000:
991:
989:
988:commuter rail
986:
982:
977:
975:
974:Coradia iLint
971:
966:
964:
958:
951:
947:
944:Debut of the
942:
931:
929:
923:
913:
910:
902:
897:
892:
888:
878:
871:
867:
862:
859:
855:
851:
847:
840:
835:
830:
820:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
789:
785:
781:
777:
775:
771:
766:
764:
760:
756:
750:
740:
738:
734:
729:
725:
723:
719:
714:
709:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
686:
684:
676:
672:
668:
663:
662:Fuel cell bus
653:
651:
647:
643:
639:
623:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
598:
594:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
576:
574:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
556:
552:
549:
547:
543:
540:
535:
532:
530:
529:fuel economy
525:
523:
522:fuel economy
518:
516:
515:fuel economy
511:
508:
504:
501:
499:
491:
488:
486:
476:
473:
468:
464:
462:
457:
452:
448:
445:
437:
429:
425:
422:Sales of the
420:
418:
414:
409:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
385:
380:
373:
369:
364:
355:
351:
341:
339:
338:Space Shuttle
334:
332:
331:PEM fuel cell
328:
324:
323:lunar modules
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
295:
293:
289:
285:
284:William Grove
281:
272:
263:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
234:
224:
221:
216:
214:
213:
208:
204:
200:
199:Honda Clarity
196:
192:
187:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
158:in 1966. The
157:
152:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
79:
73:
63:
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5692:AA (CHAdeMO)
5611:
5546:Electric bus
5531:Electric car
5421:
5414:
5407:
5350:Hybrid train
5252:
5215:Ethanol fuel
5195:Butanol fuel
5180:Alcohol fuel
5115:Hybrid train
5099:
5056:Electric car
5044:Electric bus
4880:
4797:
4771:
4759:
4748:
4724:
4712:
4701:
4689:
4677:. Retrieved
4673:www.wipo.int
4672:
4663:
4654:
4642:
4632:
4623:
4611:. Retrieved
4607:
4597:
4585:. Retrieved
4576:
4566:
4553:
4545:
4536:
4528:
4519:
4511:
4502:
4489:
4476:
4463:
4455:
4446:
4438:
4429:
4421:
4412:
4400:. Retrieved
4394:
4384:
4360:
4351:
4343:
4334:
4322:
4310:. Retrieved
4303:the original
4298:
4289:
4279:November 25,
4277:. Retrieved
4270:the original
4257:
4249:
4241:
4225:
4219:
4206:
4199:Fuel Economy
4198:
4190:
4175:
4163:
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4098:
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3952:
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3932:
3923:
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3894:
3886:
3877:
3866:, retrieved
3860:
3850:
3837:
3825:. Retrieved
3820:
3808:
3789:
3777:. Retrieved
3773:the original
3763:
3755:
3734:
3725:
3716:
3707:
3688:
3672:Xiong, Ben.
3645:
3633:. Retrieved
3629:
3620:
3608:. Retrieved
3603:
3594:
3582:. Retrieved
3577:
3568:
3556:. Retrieved
3545:
3537:
3528:
3518:November 25,
3516:. Retrieved
3512:
3502:
3494:
3486:
3474:. Retrieved
3464:
3453:
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3430:
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3405:
3393:
3374:
3346:
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3293:
3285:the original
3275:
3266:the original
3256:
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3240:
3230:
3218:. Retrieved
3214:the original
3204:
3195:
3186:
3167:
3141:. Retrieved
3126:
3114:. Retrieved
3110:the original
3100:
3088:. Retrieved
3084:the original
3074:
3064:November 24,
3062:. Retrieved
3058:the original
3048:
3030:
3022:
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2995:
2977:
2966:
2957:
2947:
2935:. Retrieved
2931:
2922:
2910:. Retrieved
2906:
2882:. Retrieved
2877:
2853:. Retrieved
2848:
2839:
2827:. Retrieved
2822:
2813:
2801:. Retrieved
2797:
2772:. Retrieved
2767:
2758:
2746:. Retrieved
2742:the Guardian
2741:
2732:
2720:. Retrieved
2716:the original
2706:
2694:. Retrieved
2687:
2662:
2649:
2637:. Retrieved
2633:
2609:the original
2604:
2592:
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2532:. Retrieved
2528:the original
2523:
2513:
2503:
2484:
2476:. Retrieved
2472:
2440:December 24,
2438:. Retrieved
2427:
2415:. Retrieved
2405:
2397:the original
2383:
2371:. Retrieved
2357:
2340:
2330:November 19,
2328:. Retrieved
2324:the original
2309:
2299:December 29,
2297:. Retrieved
2289:
2279:
2266:
2258:
2250:
2237:
2225:
2213:. Retrieved
2202:
2194:the original
2184:
2176:the original
2169:
2160:
2141:
2129:
2117:
2105:. Retrieved
2075:
2036:
2026:November 10,
2024:. Retrieved
2020:
2011:
1997:
1985:. Retrieved
1978:the original
1969:
1956:
1937:
1918:
1906:
1898:
1874:. Retrieved
1870:
1857:
1849:
1826:. Retrieved
1816:
1805:
1783:. Retrieved
1769:
1757:. Retrieved
1753:the original
1743:
1735:the original
1721:
1713:the original
1699:
1687:. Retrieved
1683:the original
1673:
1665:the original
1655:
1643:
1631:
1623:the original
1609:
1601:the original
1591:
1583:the original
1569:
1561:the original
1540:the original
1515:the original
1505:
1489:
1477:. Retrieved
1471:
1462:
1401:airport tugs
1386:
1378:
1366:
1346:
1336:
1330:
1324:
1319:
1317:
1312:
1301:
1293:
1292:
1284:
1280:
1266:
1255:
1250:
1248:
1223:
1198:
1195:
1186:
1166:
1157:
1138:
1112:
1099:
1086:
1082:adding to it
1077:
1055:
1036:
1017:
1011:
1009:
981:Stadler Rail
978:
972:debuted the
967:
960:
925:
906:
863:
844:
798:
778:
767:
765:fuel cells.
752:
730:
726:
710:
687:
680:
644:rather than
635:
621:
597:Toyota Mirai
573:Toyota Mirai
546:Hyundai Nexo
538:
528:
521:
514:
495:
482:
479:Fuel economy
472:class action
469:
465:
453:
449:
438:2,000,000 (~
430:6,700,000 (~
424:Toyota Mirai
421:
410:
402:GM HydroGen4
388:
353:
344:Applications
335:
296:
280:Humphry Davy
277:
236:
220:class action
217:
210:
195:Hyundai Nexo
191:Toyota Mirai
188:
184:Toyota Mirai
153:
107:that uses a
100:
96:
92:
88:
86:
62:Toyota Mirai
45:Hyundai Nexo
29:
5200:Biogasoline
4914:Solar power
4891:Human power
4493:Hunt, Tam.
3246:December 8,
3220:December 8,
2829:October 27,
2803:October 26,
2774:October 26,
2696:November 1,
2373:February 3,
1987:December 2,
1305:Joseph Romm
1211:Nissan Leaf
1131:in the US.
1118:, then the
1109:US programs
1047:Jerry Brown
509:Model year
372:Toyota FCHV
358:Automobiles
160:Toyota FCHV
145:natural gas
5748:GB/T 20234
5652:Connectors
4235:0865716609
2937:January 8,
2912:January 8,
2884:January 8,
2855:January 7,
2748:August 13,
2215:August 20,
2107:January 8,
1806:Go to the
1367:Fuel cell
1355:Innovation
1257:Wired News
1215:Chevy Volt
1116:Steven Chu
1004:Winterthur
920:See also:
916:Submarines
868:(UAV). A
827:See also:
819:, Canada.
747:See also:
694:fuel cells
671:Yutong F12
660:See also:
577:2016–2020
550:2019–2021
539:fuel cost
440:US$ 19,600
432:US$ 57,400
307:Space Race
5788:SAE J3400
5783:SAE J3105
5778:SAE J3068
5773:SAE J1772
5768:ISO 15118
5763:IEC 63110
5758:IEC 62196
5753:IEC 61851
5741:Standards
5697:BB (GB/T)
5380:Solar bus
5375:Solar car
5360:Multifuel
5185:Biodiesel
5157:Solar bus
5152:Solar car
4942:Solar car
4937:Solar bus
4873:Fuel cell
4613:April 16,
4608:SlashGear
4402:March 11,
4344:Interface
2722:March 31,
1689:March 28,
1397:forklifts
1251:Interface
1018:In 2020,
990:service.
968:In 2016,
854:batteries
823:Airplanes
817:Vancouver
743:Forklifts
610:71 mpg-e
607:76 mpg-e
604:74 mpg-e
586:66 mpg-e
583:66 mpg-e
580:66 mpg-e
562:58 mpg-e
559:65 mpg-e
512:Combined
368:Honda FCX
299:fuel cell
233:Fuel cell
164:Honda FCX
149:forklifts
109:fuel cell
5816:Category
5621:Charging
5450:Vactrain
5433:See also
5245:Hydrogen
5235:Wood gas
5147:aircraft
4581:Archived
4312:July 27,
4024:Archived
4004:Archived
3980:Archived
3797:Archived
3696:Archived
3677:Archived
3635:July 25,
3610:July 25,
3584:July 25,
3578:WCIA.com
3558:July 12,
3538:Energies
3382:Archived
3360:cite web
3335:Archived
3301:Archived
3175:Archived
3153:cite web
3137:Archived
3038:Archived
3003:Archived
2985:Archived
2639:June 16,
2534:July 17,
2417:July 29,
2149:Archived
2045:Archived
1945:Archived
1926:Archived
1911:"Basics"
1828:July 29,
1795:cite web
1759:March 8,
1479:July 15,
1407:See also
1351:agreed.
1232:and the
1012:Energies
850:airplane
813:Shanghai
646:hydrogen
506:Vehicle
103:) is an
5632:network
5519:Vehicle
5319:Propane
5299:Autogas
5169:Biofuel
5034:Pedelec
4904:Pedelec
4587:June 4,
3779:May 12,
3116:May 27,
3090:May 30,
1785:May 17,
1387:A 2022
1020:Hyundai
957:Hydrail
870:Horizon
677:in 2022
642:ethanol
526:Highway
444:Pat Cox
266:History
113:battery
5702:ChaoJi
5666:Type 1
5440:Maglev
5292:Others
5190:Biogas
4973:engine
4546:Forbes
4233:
4127:. In:
3868:May 9,
2958:Forbes
1399:, and
1382:Airbus
1369:patent
1326:Forbes
1225:Energy
1114:2009,
1100:Under
994:Trucks
970:Alstom
935:Trains
846:Boeing
839:Boeing
788:Yamaha
737:Toyota
638:Nissan
622:Notes:
536:Annual
533:Range
404:, and
180:Toyota
125:oxygen
5721:AC/DC
5006:motor
4932:boats
4794:(PDF)
4768:(PDF)
4745:(PDF)
4721:(PDF)
4698:(PDF)
4651:(PDF)
4361:Wired
4306:(PDF)
4273:(PDF)
4266:(PDF)
3817:(PDF)
2684:(PDF)
2659:(PDF)
2612:(PDF)
2601:(PDF)
1981:(PDF)
1966:(PDF)
1454:Notes
1373:NASAs
985:Arrow
909:HYDRA
901:Hydra
881:Boats
683:China
656:Buses
601:2021
555:mpg-e
519:City
390:Honda
382:2008
95:) or
78:Foton
60:2021
43:2018
5803:WEVA
5728:NACS
5585:Type
5130:List
5061:List
5004:and
4798:WIPO
4773:WIPO
4750:WIPO
4725:WIPO
4703:WIPO
4681:2022
4655:WIPO
4615:2022
4589:2020
4404:2009
4314:2015
4281:2013
4231:ISBN
3870:2009
3829:2021
3781:2016
3637:2022
3612:2022
3586:2022
3560:2020
3520:2019
3478:2016
3366:link
3248:2022
3222:2022
3159:link
3145:2009
3118:2007
3092:2015
3066:2013
2939:2023
2914:2023
2886:2023
2857:2023
2831:2022
2805:2022
2776:2022
2750:2021
2724:2007
2698:2022
2641:2016
2536:2017
2480:2021
2463:and
2442:2016
2419:2021
2393:Time
2375:2018
2332:2014
2301:2014
2217:2014
2109:2013
2028:2018
1989:2010
1878:2021
1830:2021
1801:link
1787:2021
1761:2023
1691:2016
1481:2022
1145:EERE
1135:Cost
899:The
889:and
837:The
454:The
417:Nexo
411:The
366:The
321:and
162:and
101:FCEV
5712:MCS
5210:E85
5172:ICE
4135:doi
4107:doi
1241:."
1213:or
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948:at
809:PHB
805:ENV
774:DOE
763:PEM
735:or
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