National Rally - Knowledge

2797:. In a shock outcome, Le Pen outperformed Jospin (by 0.7%) in the 1st round, placing second and advancing to the runoff. This resulted in the first presidential run-off since 1969 without a leftist candidate and the first ever with a candidate from the far-right. To Le Pen's advantage, the election campaign had increasingly focused on law-and-order issues, helped by media attention on a number of violent incidents. Jospin had also been weakened due to the competition between an exceptional number of leftist parties. Nevertheless, Chirac did not even have to campaign in the second round, as widespread anti-Le Pen protests from the media and public opinion culminated on 3351: 479: 2907: 3040: 2244: 2896: 2782: 17398: 5493:

concerning her loan requests. Since November 2014, she insists that if a French bank agrees to give her a loan, she would break her contract with the FCBR, but she has not received any other counter-propositions. Le Pen accused the banks of collusion with the government. In April 2015, a Russian hacker group published texts and emails between Timur Prokopenko, a member of Putin's administration, and Konstantin Rykov, a former Duma deputy with ties to France, discussing Russian financial support to the National Front in exchange for its support of

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it saw a drop to around 5% in some late 2000s elections. Since 2010, the party's support seems to have increased towards its former heights. The party managed to advance to the final round of the 2002 French presidential election, although it failed to attract much more support after the initial first round vote. In the late 2000s the party suffered decline in elections. Under Marine Le Pen's presidency the party has increased its vote share significantly. The National Front came first in a national election for the first time during the

6169: 6220: 17524: 17512: 2338:(National Front of Youth; FNJ). The rhetoric used in the campaign stressed old, far-right themes and was largely uninspiring to the electorate at the time. Otherwise, its official program at this point was relatively moderate, differing little from the mainstream right's. Le Pen sought the "total fusion" of the currents in the party, and warned against "crude activism." The FNJ were banned from the party later that year. The move towards the mainstream cost it many leading members and much of its militant base. 63: 2524:, the FN won 11% of the vote and ten seats, in a contest that was considered to have a low level of importance by the public, which played to the party's advantage. The FN, notably, made inroads in both right-wing and left-wing constituencies, and finished 2nd in a number of towns. While many Socialists had arguably exploited the party in order to divide the right, Mitterrand later conceded that he had underestimated Le Pen. By July, 17% of opinion poll respondents held a positive opinion of the FN. 2473: 17572: 4768: 5022:. As the party gained growing support from the economically vulnerable, it converted towards politics of social welfare and economic protectionism. This was part of its shift away from its former claim of being the "social, popular, and national right" to its claim of being "neither right nor left – French!" Increasingly, the party's program became an amalgam of free market and welfarist policies. By the 2010s, some political commentators described its economic policies as left-wing. 6110: 2054:" of the party by softening its image and trying to frame the party as being neither right nor left. She endeavoured to extract it from its far-right roots, as well as censuring controversial members like her father, who was suspended and then expelled from the party in 2015. Following her election as the leader of the party in 2011, the popularity of the FN grew. By 2015, the FN had established itself as a major political party in France. Sources traditionally label the party as 4712: 1840: 2703:. Le Pen then declared that his party would implement its "national preference" policy, with the risk of provoking the central government and being at odds with the laws of the Republic. The FN's elected representatives pursued interventionist policies with regards to the new cultural complexion of their towns by directly influencing artistic events, cinema schedules, and library holdings, as well as cutting or halting subsidies for multicultural associations. The party won 2732: 17596: 17584: 3083:, the FN received 13.02% of the vote, a little lower than the 13.07% of the 2012 elections. The party appeared to have suffered from a demobilisation of its voters from the previous vote. Nonetheless, eight deputies (six FN and two affiliated) were elected, the best number for the FN in a parliamentary election using a majoritarian electoral system since its creation. Marine Le Pen was elected to the National Assembly for the first time, while 17619: 17536: 17500: 3215:, the party received 18.68% of the votes in the first round and won 89 seats in the second round, a significant increase from the previous total of 8 seats. The 89 seats enabled the National Rally to form a parliamentary group, for which at least 15 deputies are required, for the first time since 1986, when the national assembly was elected by proportional voting. The result made the party the 3rd largest party in the assembly and the largest 5269:. The National Front denounces anti-Russian feelings in Eastern Europe and the submission of Western Europe to "Washington's" interests in the region. Marine Le Pen is very critical against the threats of sanctions directed by the international community against Russia: "European countries should seek a solution through diplomacy rather than making threats that could lead to an escalation." She argues that the United States is leading a 2819: 2758:, favoured tactical cooperation with a weakened centre-right following the left's victory, Le Pen rejected any such "compromise." In the tenth FN national congress in 1997, Mégret stepped up his position in the party as its rising star and a potential leader following Le Pen. Le Pen however refused to designate Mégret as his successor-elect, and instead made his wife Jany the leader of the FN list for the upcoming European election. 2560:, who had joined the party after its 1984 success. The RPR won a majority with smaller, centre-right parties, and thus avoided the need to deal with the FN. Although FN was unable to exercise any real political influence, the party could project an image of political legitimacy. Several of its legislative proposals were controversial and had a socially reactionary and xenophobic character, among them attempts to restore the 17548: 4724: 1852: 17560: 7973: 7940: 7902: 7869: 7834: 7801: 7766: 7626: 7581: 7536: 7491: 7451: 7403: 7205: 7178: 7146: 7122: 7108: 7054: 7010: 6937: 6896: 6860: 6824: 6750: 6714: 6678: 6642: 6606: 3027:. While some of these cities were in southern France (like Fréjus) which traditionally votes more for right-wing parties than the rest of the country, others were located in northern France, where Socialist Party had been strong until the 2010s. Following these elections, the National Front had, in cities of over 1,000 inhabitants, 1,546 and 459 councilors at two different levels of local government. 7733: 7355: 7257: 7243: 7219: 7081: 6785: 6572: 6539: 6506: 5327:, but not heavy weapons that would make France a "co-belligerent" in the conflict. Similarly, Bardella has expressed support for defense equipment, ammunition and logistical assistance to Ukraine, but maintains opposition to giving long-range missiles to Ukraine or deploying French soldiers there. He is also opposed to Ukrainian NATO membership, suggesting it could escalate the war. 2517:

appearance in a monthly poll of political popularity, in which 9% of respondents held a "positive opinion" of the FN and some support for Le Pen personally. The next month, Le Pen was, for the first time, invited on a prime-time television interview programme, which he himself later deemed "the hour that changed everything".

16394:"News: Morawiecki inviting Orbán's Fidesz and Le Pen's National Rally to join Law and Justice's group in European Parliament. The common goal is "to save Europe" and "the ECR will most likely accept everyone who agrees against the dominant liberal and left-wing groups that are on course to destroy Europe," says Morawiecki" 2769:, with a vision of building bridges to the parliamentary right. Many had also been particularly influential in intellectualising the FN's policies on immigration, identity, and "national preference". Following the split, Le Pen denounced them as "extremist" and "racist". Support for the two parties was almost equal in the 3152:". Bannon advised the party members to "Let them call you racist, let them call you xenophobes, let them call you nativists. Wear it like a badge of honor. Because every day, we get stronger and they get weaker. ... History is on our side and will bring us victory." Bannon's remarks brought the members to their feet. 2597:. With his entourage, Le Pen traversed France for the entire period and, helped by Mégret, employed an American-style campaign. Le Pen's presidential campaign was highly successful; no candidates came close to rival his ability to excite audiences at rallies and boost ratings at television appearances. Using a 5447:

about the fact that some of her European senior colleagues had formed alliances with, and visited, some Israeli settlers and groups, Marine Le Pen said: "The shared concern about radical Islam explains the relationship ... but it is possible that behind it is also the need of the visitors from Europe

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said that the Russian government considered the National Front "capable of seizing power in France and changing the course of European history in Moscow's favour." According to the French media, party leaders had frequent contact with Russian ambassador Alexander Orlov and Marine Le Pen made multiple

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centre-right. In the 2010s, the party attempted to "de-demonise" its image and changed its name to National Rally. A 2022 Kanar survey found that 46% of French voters saw Marine Le Pen as "representing a patriotic Right attached to traditional values", although 50% saw her as "a danger to democracy".

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was critical of the FN, claiming that the FN's association with "anti-Semitism and general prejudice" made it impossible for UKIP to join Le Pen's efforts for a united right-wing populist European Parliament group despite an invitation from PVV leader Wilders. In 2017, Marine Le Pen met with and was

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and always defended Israel's right to exist". She has opposed the emigration of French Jews to Israel in response to radical Islam, explaining: "The Jews of France are Frenchmen, they're at home here, and they must stay here and not emigrate. The country is obligated to provide solutions against the

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The FN has changed considerably since its foundation, pursuing the principles of modernisation and pragmatism, and adapting to the changing political climate. Its message increasingly influenced mainstream political parties, and some commentators described it as right-wing, moving closer towards the

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Le Pen protested the "media boycott" against his party by sending letters to President Mitterrand in mid-1982. Following an exchange of letters with Le Pen, Mitterrand instructed the heads of the main television channels to give equitable coverage to the FN. In January 1984, the party made its first

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to national power for the first time in the Fifth Republic; Mitterrand immediately dissolved the National Assembly and called a snap legislative election. With only three weeks to prepare its campaign, the FN fielded only a limited number of candidates and won only 0.2% of the national vote. The PFN

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The National Front was a marginal party in 1973, the first election it participated in, but the party made its breakthrough in the 1984 European Parliament election, where it won 11% of the vote and ten MEPs. Following this election, the party's support mostly ranged from around 10 to 15%, although

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The party's stance on NATO has varied throughout the years. Under Jean-Marie Le Pen's leadership, the party advocated a complete withdrawal from the organization, while under Marine Le Pen's leadership, the party has softened its stance to instead advocate leaving NATO's integrated military command

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Jean-Marie Le Pen announced in September 2008 that he would retire as FN president in 2010. Le Pen's daughter Marine Le Pen and FN executive vice-president Bruno Gollnisch campaigned to succeed Le Pen, with Marine's candidacy backed by her father. On 15 January 2011, it was announced that Marine Le

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from the Russian government but a loan from a private Russian bank because no other bank would give her a loan. This loan is meant to prepare future electoral campaigns and to be repaid progressively. Marine Le Pen has publicly disclosed all the rejection letters that French banks have sent to her

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in a demonstration of 1.5 million participants across France. Chirac also refused to debate with Le Pen, and the traditional televised debate was cancelled. In the end, Chirac won the presidential run-off with an unprecedented 82.2% of the vote, with 71% of his votes—according to polls—cast simply

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Lechevalier said that most National Front politicians, and most of its leaders, held similar views as the GI. But they had to hide them from voters, she said. "We need the greatest number of people to come to our side to obtain the highest vote, in order to win,' she said. 'Then we can do what we

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Under Jordan Bardella, the RN has adopted some more pro-market policies, including lower taxes, and simplification of industrial norms. Bardella advocated an audit of public finances as a precursor to determining the 2025 budget. Bardella has sought to use these policies to court business support

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Le Pen's campaign for the presidential election unofficially began in the months following the 1986 election. To promote his statesmanship credentials, he made trips to South East Asia, the United States, and Africa. The management of the formal campaign, launched in April 1987, was entrusted to

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In France, parties have to secure support from a specific number of elected officials, from a specific number of departments, in order to be eligible to run for election. In 1976, the number of required elected officials was increased fivefold from the 1974 presidential cycle, and the number of

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in the late 1980s, some valuable FN politicians left the party. Soon, other quarrels left the party without its remaining member of the National Assembly. In November 1988, general secretary Jean-Pierre Stirbois, who, together with his wife Marie-France, had been instrumental in the FN's early

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in October 1983, the FN won 17% of the vote. With the choice of defeat to the political left or dealing with the FN, the local RPR and UDF agreed to form an alliance with the FN, causing a national sensation; together, they won the second round with 55% of the vote. The events in Dreux were a

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was its founder and leader until his resignation in 2011. While its influence was marginal until 1984, the party's role as a nationalist electoral force has grown considerably. It has put forward a candidate at every presidential election but one since 1974. In the 2002 presidential election,

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While the French party system had been dominated by polarisation and competition between the clear-cut ideological alternatives of two political blocs in the 1970s, the two blocs had largely moved towards the centre by the mid-1980s. This led many voters to perceive the blocs as more or less

4927:(immigrants minus emigrants) of 10,000 in France per year. Since 2017, that yearly net immigration rate was around 182,000 if one takes into account only people born abroad from non-French parents, but was around 44,000 if one includes also the departures and returns of French expatriates. 2941:, opinion polls showed Marine Le Pen as a serious challenger, with a few polls even suggesting that she could win the first round of the election. In the event, Le Pen came 3rd in the first round, scoring 17.9% – the best showing ever in a presidential election for the FN at that time. 2425:, the PFN became part of an attempt to build a "Euro-Right" alliance of the continent's far-right parties, and was in the end the only one of the two that contested the election. It fielded Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour as its primary candidate, while Le Pen called for voter abstention. 5879:

after he compared her to Le Pen, while Le Pen criticised Meloni's illegal immigration policies. However, in early 2024, Le Pen and Meloni made overtures to one another, declining to rule out future cooperation between their parties. In July 2024, Meloni praised Le Pen's alliance with

14342: 2299:(MSI), which at the time appeared to establish a broad coalition of the Italian hard right. The FN adopted a French version of the MSI tricolour flame as its logo. ON wanted to unite the various French far-right currents, and brought together "nationals" of Le Pen's group and 13490:

Le Pen said she and Wilders differ in their approach to Islam. 'I am against the visibility of Islam in society. We have a tradition of a strict division between church and state so I think religious symbolism has no place in the street. But I have nothing against Islam per

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was elected to succeed him as party leader in 2012. She temporarily stepped down in 2017 in order to concentrate on her presidential candidacy; she resumed her leadership after the election. She headed the party until 2021, when she temporarily resigned again. A year later,

2432:, both Le Pen and Pascal Gauchon of the PFN declared their intentions to run. However, an increased requirement regarding obtaining signatures of support from elected officials had been introduced for the election, which left both Le Pen and Gauchon unable to participate. 2919:

Pen had received the two-thirds vote needed to become the new leader of the FN. She embarked on a project to transform the FN into a "mainstream party" by softening its xenophobic image. Opinion polls showed the party's popularity increase under Marine Le Pen, and in the

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In 2022, Marine Le Pen proposed an end to “family reunification” rights for foreigners with residency permits and the end to the right to automatic citizenship for children born in France to foreigners living there. She also supported a referendum on immigration policy.

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By the early 1980s, the FN featured a mosaic of ideological tendencies and attracted figures who were previously resistant to the party. The party managed to draw supporters from the mainstream right, including some high-profile defectors from the RPR, the UDF, and the

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parties. Having failed to cooperate in the European Parliament, Le Pen sought in the mid-1990s to initiate contacts with other far-right parties, including from non-EU countries. The FN drew most support in Central and Eastern Europe, and Le Pen visited the Turkish

3051:, finishing first with 24.86% of the vote and 24 of France's 74 seats. This was said to be "the first time the anti-immigrant, anti-EU party had won a nationwide election in its four-decade history." The party's success came as a "shock" in France and the EU. 12460: 11844: 5189:

for "fighting radical Islam", stating that Egypt's "ability to separate extremist Islam from the religion sets an example to the rest of the world, including France, of how to deal with poisonous ideologies". The party has also favourably contrasted the

12591: 5432:. The leader of the party, Marine Le Pen, distanced herself for a time from the party machine in protest at her father's comments. In response to her father's remarks, Marine Le Pen referred to the Holocaust as the "abomination of abominations". 9600: 8901: 2357:." Despite being the only nationalist candidate, he failed to gain the support of the whole of the far-right, as the various groups either rallied behind other candidates or called for voter abstention. The campaign further lost ground when the 2773:, as the FN polled its lowest national score since 1984 with just 5.7%, and the MNR won 3.3%. The effects of the split, and competition from more moderate nationalists, resulted in their combined support being lower than the FN result of 1984. 14800: 13627: 4912:

After the 1999 split, the FN cultivated a more moderate image on immigration and Islam, no longer calling for the systematic repatriation of legal immigrants but still supporting the deportation of illegal, criminal or unemployed immigrants.

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Marine Le Pen rescinded the party's traditional support for the death penalty with her 2017 campaign launch, instead announcing support for imprisonment "in perpetuity" for the "worst crimes" in February 2017. In 2022, she proposed to hold a

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held on the same day, FN won 137 seats, and gained representation in 21 of the 22 French regional councils. The RPR depended on FN support to win presidencies in some regional councils, and the FN won vice-presidential posts in four regions.

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were also accepted in the party, as Le Pen urged the need for "reconciliation", arguing that forty years after the war the only important question was whether or not "they wish to serve their country". The FN won 8.7% overall support in the

2492:) of 1983, in turn inducing them to seek out to new political alternatives. By October 1982, Le Pen supported the prospect of deals with the mainstream right, provided that the FN did not have to soften its position on "key issues." In the 3137:. However, the name change faced opposition from an already-existing party named "Rassemblement national", whose president, Igor Kurek, described it as "Gaullist and republican right": the party had previously registered its name with the 9426: 14352: 5273:

against Russia. She sees no other solution for peace in Ukraine than to organise a kind of federation that would allow each region to have a large degree of autonomy. She thinks Ukraine should be sovereign and free as any other nation.

2750:. The result showed that the party had become established enough to compete without its leader, who had decided not to run, in order to focus on the 2002 presidential election. Although it won only one seat in the National Assembly, in 2508:, where Le Pen was elected to the local council with 11% of the vote. |Subsequent by-elections kept media attention on the party, which was for the first time able to pose as a viable component of the broader right. In a by-election in 5513:, a far-right group. In secretly taped conversations, RN leaders endorsed goals of Generation Identity and discussed plans to "remigrate" immigrants, effectively sending them back to their countries of origin, if the RN came to power. 2834:, in part in an attempt to reduce the FN's influence in regional councils. The FN won 15.1% of the vote in metropolitan France, almost the same as in 1998, but its number of councillors was almost halved due to the new system. For the 2327:, Algerian War veterans, and some monarchists, among others. Le Pen was chosen to be the first president of the party, as he was untainted with the militant public image of the ON and was a relatively moderate figure in the far-right. 12206: 9257:

Lebourg, Nicolas; Preda, Jonathan (15 May 2013). "Ordre Nouveau, fin des illusions droitières et matrice activiste du premier Front national" [New Order, end of illusions and the activist matrix of the first National Front].

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shared his views, prompting a rebuke by President Macron. Chikli later described his relations with the RN, stating it was "natural that conservative leaders will have good relations with conservative leaders all across the globe".

5202:, criticising Macron's attempts to deepen ties with Algeria. In January 2023, the National Rally was one of only four parties in the European Parliament that voted against a resolution condemning Morocco's treatment of journalist 2564:, expel foreigners who "proportionally committed more crimes than the French", restrict naturalisation, introduce a "national preference" for employment, impose taxes on the hiring of foreigners by French companies, and privatise 2722:

allowance for babies born to at least one parent of French (or EU) nationality. The measure was ruled illegal by a court, whicn also sentenced her to a suspended prison sentence, a fine, and a two-year ban from public office.

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In November 2014, Marine Le Pen confirmed that the party had received a €9 million loan from the First Czech Russian Bank (FCRB) in Moscow to the National Front. Senior FN officials from the party's political bureau informed

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programme which included lower taxes, reducing state intervention, reducing the size of the public sector, privatisation, and scaling back government bureaucracy. Some scholars have characterised the FN's 1978 programme as

15787: 2349:, were shared by most of the mainstream right. Other FN issues included calls for increased French birth rates, immigration reduction (although this was downplayed), establishment of a professional army, abrogation of the 2112:

in a landslide with 31.4% of the votes. This caused Macron to announce a snap election to try to garner more support for his party, Ensemble. Later that month, an RN-led right-wing coalition topped the first round of the

2556:, the FN took advantage of the new, proportional representation system and won 9.8% of the vote and 35 seats in the National Assembly. Many of these seats were filled by a new wave of "respectable" political operatives, 15186: 15096: 9704: 5428:, but historians could discuss the number of deaths. As to the existence of gas chambers, it is up to historians to determine." Jean-Marie Le Pen was fined for these remarks, but Gollnisch was found not guilty by the 14387: 12456: 12408: 5033:

on energy and essential products. The party has supported public services, protectionism, and economic intervention, and opposed the increase in the fuel tax in 2018, and the increase in the retirement age in 2023.

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le mouvement lepéniste peut être à juste titre considéré comme le modèle prototypique de la « nouvelle » droite radicale populiste paneuropéenne, variante contemporaine de l'extrême droite traditionnelle

2668:. Following that success, surveys found that French public opinion was largely negative towards Islam. In a 1989 legislative by-election in Dreux, FN candidate Marie-France Stirbois, campaigning mostly on an anti- 9768: 11848: 9317: 5875:(FdI) from 2013 onwards, the relationship between the RN and FdI became strained in 2022, after Meloni publicly declined to support Le Pen's 2022 presidential bid. In 2023, Meloni complained to French President 5391:

The party advocates referendums on key issues such as the death penalty, immigration policy, and constitutional change. In 2022, Marine Le Pen stated: "I want the referendum to become a classic operating tool."

15681: 13779: 15353: 11264: 5058:, but has stated that climate change is "not the priority" of the party. The party is against measures to tackle climate change and protecting the environment. The National Rally has proposed abolition of the 4908:

Since its early years, the party has called for immigration to be reduced. The theme of exclusion of non-European immigrants was brought into the party in 1978 and became increasingly important in the 1980s.

2058:. However, some media outlets have started to refer to the party as "right-wing populist" or "nationalist right" instead, arguing that it has substantially moderated from its years under Jean-Marie Le Pen. 14197: 5888:

during the 2024 French legislative election, congratulated the RN on its success in the first round of the election, and expressed preference for the right-wing alliance in the second round of the election.

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had 19.6%. Women voters in France were traditionally more attracted to mainstream conservative parties than the radical right until the 2000s. The proportion of women in the party has risen to 39% by 2017.

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Based on their first round performance, the RN will receive around €15 million per year in government subsidies for the next five years: each vote in the first round was worth €1.61 per year to the party.

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that the German occupation of France "was not particularly inhumane, even if there were a few blunders, inevitable in a country of 640,000 square kilometres (250,000 sq. mi.)" and in 1987 referred to the

17020: 14477: 14300: 10429: 9592: 8893: 9801: 2857:, reached the runoff -where she was defeated by the Socialist incumbent. These electoral defeats partly accounted for the party's financial problems. Le Pen announced the sale of the FN headquarters in 13617: 3256:

parties on a platform of refusing military aid to Ukraine, anti-immigration, and pro-"traditional family" values. The group, the third largest in the parliament, also includes members from the Flemish

16324: 14792: 13063: 3293:. Together, these parties secured the largest share of the vote in the first round with 33.15% of the vote. More voters who reported struggling financially voted for the RN than for any other party. 14533: 12173: 15222: 14920: 12382: 5950:. The delegation was not sanctioned by the European Parliament, and consisted mostly of right-wing populist politicians including MEPs from Vox, AfD, the Northern League, Vlaams Belang, the British 16447: 16242: 11970: 3069:, Marine Le Pen announced that she would temporarily step down as the party's leader in an attempt to "unite voters." In the second round of voting, Le Pen was defeated 66.1% to 33.9% by her rival 13223: 9422: 12148: 16602: 8768:

Williams, Michelle Hale (January 2011). "A new era for French far right politics? Comparing the FN under two Le Pens and The Impact of Radical Right-Wing Parties in West European Democracies".

5738:(EAF). The EAF is a pan-European sovereigntist platform founded late 2010 that is recognised by the European Parliament. The EAF has individual members linked to the Austrian Freedom Party of 2865:, and of his personal armoured car. In 2008, a French court handed Le Pen a three-month suspended sentence and a €10,000 fine for remarks he made in 2005 that contravened France's law against 16356: 15321: 8459: 5688:

During Jean-Marie Le Pen's presidency, the party has also been active in establishing extra-parliamentary confederations. During the FN's 1997 national congress, the FN established the loose

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stated, "It's remarkable that a political party from the motherland of freedom can be funded by Putin's sphere—the largest European enemy of freedom." Marine Le Pen argued that it was not a

4841:) interpretations of the "people", they claim to defend the "average Frenchman" and "common sense", against the "betrayal of inevitably corrupt elites". The party has been also described as 2672:

platform, returned a symbolic FN presence to the National Assembly. By the early 1990s, some mainstream politicians began also employing anti-immigration rhetoric. In the first round of the

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made public a report of Le Pen's alleged involvement in torture during his time in Algeria. In his first participation in a presidential election, Le Pen won only 0.8% of the national vote.

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Sa "mémoire" se structure autour de deux motifs: la violence de masse, et l'intégration de l'extrême droite au jeu politique avec la création par Ordre Nouveau du Front National en 1972.

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Since their entry into the European Parliament in 1979, the National Rally has promoted a message of being pro-Europe, but anti-EU. However, in 2019, the proposal that France leave the

2405:. Following the death of Duprat in a bomb attack in 1978, the revolutionary nationalists left the party, while Stirbois became Le Pen's deputy as his solidarists effectively ousted the 14942: 14744: 12329: 11783: 11506: 8951: 3193:, political commentators noted an increased moderation in the FN's platform that aimed to attract conservative voters, as well as a new image being promoted by the party as a force of 16153: 8476: 15819: 15054: 14367: 14264: 9565: 18451: 14508: 11901: 9831: 9729: 9454: 8838: 16081: 12486: 11878: 5339:

and the EU was removed from the party's manifesto, which has since called for "reform from within" of the union. The party advocates that EU legislation should be initiated by the

16575: 16175: 15783: 15553: 13756: 8972: 13357:'Immigration: Le FN précise ses objectifs chiffrés (et ça change beaucoup)' ('FN defines more precisely its numerical immigration objectives (and that makes a great difference))' 9671: 9541: 15176: 13830: 12751: 2117:

with a record 33.2% of the votes. On 7 July, the RN also won the popular vote (37.06%) in the second round of the snap election, but only won the third highest number of seats.

15088: 19464: 16429: 14826: 14444: 8349: 4901: 19045: 16135: 14409: 9696: 5734:, announced deeper cooperation between their parties. Pursuing her de-demonisation policy, in October 2011, Marine Le Pen, as new president of the National Front, joined the 2923:

the party won 15% of the overall vote (up from 4.5% in 2008). However, due to the French electoral system, the party only won 2 of the 2,026 seats that were up for election.

2754:, it advanced to the second round in 132 constituencies. The FN was arguably more influential at that time than it had been in 1986 with its 35 seats. While Bruno Mégret and 16220: 15869: 15761: 14383: 13443: 13005: 12404: 11760: 8855: 14591: 13296: 11539: 8999: 14877: 14246: 11818: 11674: 8876: 16777: 6429:

the party advanced to the second round of the election for the second time, and doubled the percentage it received in the 2002 presidential election, earning 34%. In the

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Jordan Bardella became acting president of the party after Marine Le Pen launched her presidential campaign in September 2021. He was elected president in November 2022.

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was elected president of the RN on 5 November 2022, ending Marine Le Pen's period as president of the party. Le Pen remained president of RN's parliamentary group.

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initially considered forming a joint group in the next European Parliament, but ultimately once again declined. In 2024, Farage, in his capacity as the leader of

5018:. During the 1980s, Jean-Marie Le Pen complained about the rising number of "social parasites", and called for deregulation, tax cuts, and the phasing-out of the 1978:. The party advocates a "more balanced" and "independent" French foreign policy, opposing French military intervention in Africa while supporting France leaving 19666: 17012: 16982: 16952: 16922: 16892: 15919: 14555: 11458: 4939:

The National Rally has sought to restrict Islamic practice in France. In 2011, Marine Le Pen warned that wearing full face veils are "the tip of the iceberg" of

14467: 10419: 3204:, Le Pen again reached the 2nd round with 23.15% of the votes, though she was defeated by incumbent Macron, after receiving 41.45% of the votes in the run-off. 2838:, too, a new system less favourable to the FN had been introduced. The party regained some of its strength from 1999, earning 9.8% of the vote and seven seats. 17441: 15255: 14766: 14318: 13036: 9793: 8926: 5448:

to change their image in their countries ... As far as their partners in Israel are concerned, I myself don't understand the idea of continuing to develop the

18924: 13059: 12703: 11647: 16411: 16314: 15154: 12080: 11940: 8371: 5947: 3134: 14523: 13951: 13805: 13158: 12165: 2708: 2541: 15707: 15212: 14916: 12725: 12378: 368: 16238: 16117: 15044: 13390: 12512: 11962: 8415: 2810:, in which it got 11.3% of the vote. It nevertheless outpolled Mégret's MNR, which had fielded the same number of candidates but won a mere 1.1% support. 15123: 13231: 12018: 4873:. In its 2001 programme, the party linked the breakdown of law and order to immigration, deeming immigration a "mortal threat to civil peace in France." 2373:(PFN), founded by FN dissidents (largely from the ON). Their competition weakened both parties throughout the 1970s. Along with the growing influence of 16264: 12592:"Résultats des législatives 2022 : le Rassemblement national arrive troisième avec 18,68% des voix au premier tour, selon les résultats définitifs" 12123: 12049: 5115:

treaties as foundations for "a supranational entity spelling the end of France." In 2004, the party criticised the EU as "the last stage on the road to

17765: 16483: 16292: 14990: 12145: 9030: 3228: 3138: 16594: 2765:(MNR), effectively splitting the FN in half at most levels. Many of those who joined the new MNR had joined the FN in the mid-1980s, in part from the 12773: 18338: 16346: 16198: 15980: 15313: 8451: 2448:

was even worse off, and the election marked the effective end of competition from the party. The Socialists attained their best ever result with an

2279:

had competed in some local elections since 1970, at its second congress, in June 1972, it decided to establish a new political party to contest the

19485: 17428: 13695: 13187: 11697: 9342: 8809: 5302: 4754: 4036: 3244:

In the 2024 European parliamentary elections, the RN won the most delegates of any single party (30). On 8 July, Bardella became president of the

1882: 1164: 16099: 14343:"€40m of Russian cash will allow Marine Le Pen's Front National to take advantage of rivals' woes in upcoming regional and presidential elections" 13356: 13124: 12832: 12535: 19601: 18297: 17291: 15376: 12229: 8310: 8153: 7807: 5582: 15841: 14710: 14068: 12430: 9401: 5824:(PVV) in November 2013, after years of the PVV rejecting collaboration with the FN. Similarly, in December 2013, the FN formed an alliance with 5517:, a RN Member of the European Parliament (MEP), said that many RN leaders held similar opinions as the GI, but sought to hide them from voters. 5029:, which it calls "economic patriotism", and it has advocated populist policies, such as tax cuts for people under 30 years old, and cuts in the 19661: 19606: 15937: 13581: 12350: 9622: 5494: 3928: 1056: 16870: 14206:

Les responsables du Front national érigent volontiers les Émirats en contre-exemple du Qatar, accusé de financer le fondamentalisme islamiste.

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and called for cooperation with Israel, the United States, Russia, Iran and Saudi Arabia to support the economic recovery of Lebanon from the

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electoral successes, died in a car accident, leaving Bruno Mégret as the unrivalled, de facto FN deputy leader. The party only got 5% in the

1106: 15641: 14665: 19596: 18413: 16684: 16465: 15901: 15809: 14365: 14282: 14095: 13332: 9569: 5132: 4296: 2529: 2295:. In order to create a broad movement, ON sought to model the new party (as it earlier had sought to model itself) on the more established 1424: 14858: 14500: 13537: 11870: 10712: 9823: 9446: 8830: 4920:(2011) rebellions in several countries, Marine Le Pen campaigned for a halt to the migration of Tunisian and Libyan immigrants to Europe. 2334:, receiving 0.5% of the national vote, although Le Pen won 5% in his Paris constituency. In 1973, the party created a youth movement, the 18458: 16509: 15518: 12482: 11198: 9075: 7953: 7915: 7877: 7849: 7814: 7781: 7746: 7713: 7680: 6430: 6422: 5990: 5924: 3048: 2835: 2770: 2637: 2521: 2422: 273: 17191:

Beauzamy, Brigitte (2013). "Explaining the Rise of the Front National to Electoral Prominence: Multi-Faceted or Contradictory Models?".

16171: 15549: 13752: 11845:"2014 municipal elections: the National Front won 12 cities, elected in 1546 and 459 councilors elected in intercommunal! 31 March 2014" 9161: 8968: 2532:(CNIP). In the 1984 European elections, eleven of the 81 FN candidates came from these parties, while the party's list also included an 18574: 17423: 16714: 15855: 15666: 9533: 2200:

Espousing France's Catholic and monarchist traditions, one of the primary progenitors of the ideology generally promoted by FN was the

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The RN remains divided on relations with Russia, with Bardella stating that he believed Russia was a threat to French security, while

4240: 1368: 17540: 16744: 14046: 8427: 5622: 5128: 15012: 14822: 14436: 8341: 2030:

The party has seen an increase in its popularity and acceptance in French society in recent years. It has been accused of promoting

18583: 17954: 17890: 15753: 14898: 14413: 11963:"French Municipal Elections: Far-Right National Front Scores Impressive Gains, But Hopes For Real Political Power Remain A Fantasy" 8088: 8068: 8048: 8028: 6409: 3060: 2890: 2876:

the FN appeared to have re-emerged on the political scene after surprisingly winning almost 12% of the overall vote and 118 seats.

2845:, Le Pen and Mégret agreed to join forces. Le Pen came 4th in the election with 11% of the vote, and the party won no seats in the 1947: 15491: 13086: 12997: 11756: 8847: 5127:, while it returned to supporting a common European currency to rival the United States dollar. Further, it rejected the possible 2069:, the National Rally changed policies in 2019, deciding to campaign for a reform of the EU rather than leaving it and to keep the 19105: 17270: 16553: 16019: 12804: 12643: 9649: 8989: 5710: 5533:, were ordered to stand trial after they were charged with a scheme which involved paying National Rally party officials through 5218: 2927: 2358: 17: 14881: 14158: 13518: 11670: 10069: 8872: 19656: 19646: 19636: 19631: 17758: 17730: 16774: 16654: 16624: 5897: 4772: 4008: 3819: 1136: 947: 197: 18302: 15411: 13503: 11615: 5985:. Both PiS and Fidesz had previously rejected cooperation with Le Pen in 2019. Orbán subsequently supported Le Pen during the 2676:, the FN soared to 12.7% of the overall vote, but did not win a single seat due to the nature of the electoral system. In the 19621: 18934: 17455: 17306: 17221: 17200: 17173: 17148: 17125: 17104: 16059: 13730: 11991: 11582: 11192: 10402: 9949: 9155: 9069: 8405: 4696: 3271:

The RN success in the European elections led to the dissolution of the French lower house by Emmanuel Macron on 9 June 2024.

1824: 187: 16378: 15722: 14179: 9517: 8287: 19626: 17847: 16802: 16001: 14265:"Leader of France's Rightist Party, Marine Le Pen, in a Sharp Turn After Attack by Hamas, Voices Strong Support for Israel" 13969: 13461: 7649: 5996:

Relations with the AfD deteriorated in early 2024, following Le Pen's disagreements with the AfD members' discussions over

4747: 4158: 1875: 1286: 12263: 11071: 19651: 17875: 17775: 8120: 5935: 5909: 5453: 5120: 4456: 4123: 3749: 2616:, the FN was hurt by the return two-ballot majority voting, by the limited campaign period, and by the departure of many 1584: 1251: 877: 425: 19130: 18929: 18676: 17361: 13096: 12970: 8788: 8758: 8715: 8562: 5435:

During the 2012 presidential election, Marine Le Pen sought the support of Jewish people in France. Interviewed by the

5424:". He has repeated the latter claim several times. In 2004, Bruno Gollnisch said: "I do not question the existence of 5287: 3170:

During a 2021 debate, Marine Le Pen was called "soft" on Islam by the Minister of the Interior in Macron's government,

2173:. Throughout the late 1960s and early 1970s, the French far-right consisted mainly of small, extreme movements such as 18994: 15520:

Transnational Networks of Extreme Right Parties in East Central Europe: Stimuli and Limits of Cross-Border Cooperation

13519:"Islamophobia is the driving force of the French election – as a Muslim hijabi, neither Macron or Le Pen appeal to me" 11448: 3122: 18150: 18138: 18126: 18114: 18102: 18090: 18078: 18066: 17751: 17085: 17016: 16986: 16956: 16926: 16896: 11642: 8734: 8609: 8533: 7230: 7192: 7160: 7133: 7095: 7068: 7036: 7024: 6992: 6426: 6199: 6195: 6191: 6187: 6156: 6148: 6144: 6140: 6136: 6132: 5986: 5853: 5678: 5662: 5562: 5320: 4829:

republic that would bypass traditional political divisions and institutions. Aiming at a unity of the political (the

4338: 3320:

alliance who were expected to win 140-160 seats. Finally, the RN won only 142 seats, ranking third in the election.

3201: 3130: 3066: 2959:

In two polls about presidential favourites, conducted in April and May 2013, Marine le Pen polled ahead of president

2938: 2842: 2802:"to block Le Pen". Following the presidential election, the main centre-right parties merged to form the broad-based 2790: 2677: 2633:, while the RPR announced it would reject any alliance with the FN, a rejections that now included the local level. 2606: 2429: 2342: 2166: 2109: 2101: 2097: 2089: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1466: 18732: 16154:"France, Meloni's compliments to Le Pen: The barriers between the alternative forces to the left have been overcome" 15586: 15245: 14770: 13028: 11637: 8918: 5388:, cosigned a letter asking President Emmanuel Macron to implement proportional representation for future elections. 5099:

to turning against it. In 2002, Jean-Marie Le Pen campaigned on pulling France out of the EU and re-introducing the

19591: 18999: 17824: 12072: 11932: 8157: 6905: 6869: 6833: 6792: 6759: 6723: 6687: 6651: 6615: 6579: 6546: 6513: 6475: 6008: 5905: 5766: 5586: 5452:. I consider it a political mistake and would like to make it clear in this context that we must have the right to 5071: 5039: 4027: 3290: 3280: 3208: 3080: 2945: 2846: 2807: 2743: 2673: 2613: 2553: 2453: 2418: 2378: 2331: 2280: 2114: 1155: 15146: 5709:

sought to distance himself from Le Pen, and later attempted to build a separate group. In 2009, the FN joined the

5633:. It was formerly known as the Europe of Nations and Freedom group, during which time it also included the Polish 5162:(along with Spain, Greece and Portugal) – although that policy was dropped in 2019. She also wants to reintroduce 18974: 18290: 13150: 5778: 5242: 4825:. National populists combine the social values of the left and the political values of the right, and advocate a 4740: 4421: 3332: 3148:, former advisor to Donald Trump before and after his 2016 election, gave what has been described as a "populist 3141:

in 2013. On 1 June, Le Pen announced that the name change was approved by party adherents with 80.81% in favour.

2976: 2707:, its fourth town, in a 1997 by-election, where similar policies were subsequently pursued. Vitrolles' new mayor 2688: 2643:

In the wake of FN's electoral success, the immigration debate, growing concerns over Islamic fundamentalism, and

2493: 1868: 1549: 460: 38: 31: 18786: 18511: 13618:"European elections 2014: Marine Le Pen's Front National victory in France is based on anguish, rage and denial" 13380: 6301:

In March 2018, the position of vice-president replaced that of General Secretary. It became a duo in June 2019:

2345:, Le Pen failed to find a mobilising theme for his campaign, since many of its platform's major issues, such as 18567: 15784:"Steve Bannon to address far-right event in France where Marine Le Pen will reveal new name for National Front" 12508: 12197:""Rassemblement national", trop proche de "Rassemblement national populaire", ancien parti collaborationniste?" 9672:"Sénatoriales : le Conseil d'État juge que l'étiquette «extrême droite» doit s'appliquer aux candidats RN" 8590: 8149: 8145: 7739: 7706: 7593: 7543: 7503: 7458: 7418: 7370: 7317: 5649:(formerly the Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom) since 2014, which additionally includes Slovakia's 5574: 5554: 5043: 3769: 3190: 2920: 2911: 2873: 2831: 2644: 2630: 2576: 2546: 897: 15119: 14218: 12041: 12010: 9593:"Rise of the French far right: Front National party could make sweeping gains at this month's local elections" 8894:"Rise of the French far right: Front National party could make sweeping gains at this month's local elections" 3117:(National Rally) while keeping the flame as its logo. The new name was put to a vote among all party members. 2718:, who ran in place of her husband Bruno, went further in one significant measure, introducing a special 5,000- 2704: 18726: 18420: 12104: 10706:"Entre 1986 et 1988, les députés FN voulaient rétablir la peine de mort et instaurer la préférence nationale" 8161: 7908: 6401: 6004:. In May 2024, the RN announced it would end its alliance with the AfD in the next European Parliament term. 5770: 5735: 5340: 3714: 3656: 3113:

At the conclusion of the 11 March 2018 party congress in Lille, Marine Le Pen proposed renaming the party to

2931: 2537: 2459:

The "socialist takeover" led to a radicalisation in centre-right, anti-communist, and anti-socialist voters.

842: 784: 382: 16448:"Parlement européen : le RN rompt avec ses alliés allemands de l'AfD après des déclarations sur les SS" 16282: 14980: 13926:"French elections: Why is the rejection of environmentalism a driving force behind France's far-right vote?" 13444:"'What is the headscarf doing in politics?' Muslim headscarves become issue in French presidential campaign" 9026: 4821:'s analysis, include the party in an old French tradition of "national populism" that can be traced back to 19386: 19110: 19100: 18939: 18645: 17947: 17852: 17528: 5810: 5646: 5642: 5614: 5306: 5199: 5182:

in Mali against Islamist militants in the country, because it was at the request of the Malian government.

5171: 5083: 4882: 4870: 4511: 4383: 3834: 3391: 3126: 3032: 3012: 2803: 2762: 2505: 2170: 1639: 1511: 962: 519: 215: 14301:"Israël: "Je souhaite que nous puissions nous y rendre dans les prochains temps", affirme Jordan Bardella" 8670: 8640:

Messina, Anthony (2015). "The political and policy impacts of extreme right parties in time and context".

3308:, However, 2-3 days before the second round, the RN were predicted to win around 170-220 seats. After the 19070: 17973: 12457:"Régionales en Paca : à Marseille, "les LR historiques voteront Thierry Mariani", le candidat du RN" 5429: 5373: 5361: 4518: 4333: 3799: 3689: 3619: 2601:

tone, he presented himself as the representative of the people against the "gang of four" (RPR, UDF, PS,

2038:. While her father was nicknamed the "Devil of the Republic" by mainstream media and sparked outrage for 1646: 1461: 927: 817: 747: 172: 19191: 4018: 3285:

In June 2024, the party joined with the micro-party "To the right! Friends of Eric Ciotti", forming the

1146: 19611: 18919: 18444: 17870: 14689: 7360: 6442: 6405: 6203: 6152: 5978: 5002:. This occurred within the framework of a changed international environment, from a battle between the 4947:(which covers the head but not the face) in public. Le Pen also proposed to ban the production of both 4321: 4205: 4056: 3938: 3212: 2501: 1951: 1449: 1333: 1184: 1066: 298: 17312: 16430:"Mayotte: Marine Le Pen «fâchée» contre l'AfD qui s'interroge sur l'appartenance de l'île à la France" 13643: 9372: 5257:

as a "defender of the Christian heritage of European civilisation." The National Front considers that

4108: 1236: 19080: 19060: 18954: 18739: 18622: 18560: 18487: 18395: 18315: 16037: 7275: 5713:; it left the alliance since. Along with some other European parties, the FN in 2010 visited Japan's 5634: 5578: 5566: 5238: 5226: 4442: 4413: 4378: 4286: 2602: 1967: 1570: 1541: 1506: 1414: 354: 253: 18766: 16576:"Présidentielle 2022 : Marine Le Pen cède la tête du RN à Jordan Bardella et lance sa campagne" 14233:"Vote results: Resolution on the situation of journalists in Morocco, notably the case of Omar Radi" 12199:["National Rally", too close to "National People's Rally", former collaborationist party?]. 9626: 8619:

Mayer, Nonna (January 2013). "From Jean-Marie to Marine Le Pen: Electoral Change on the Far Right".

5484:

said the loans "take Moscow's attempt to influence the internal politics of the EU to a new level."

5478:

that this was the first instalment of a €40 million loan, although Marine Le Pen has disputed this.

5360:

later added that the RN would not advocate withdrawing France from the integrated command while the

4677: 4133: 3197:, i.e. the popular right, the social right. The party, nonetheless, fared badly in these elections. 1805: 1261: 19641: 18831: 18602: 17880: 17829: 17796: 17692: 17623: 17504: 16866: 15492:"Patriots for Europe becomes EU parliament's 3rd-largest group, picks Jordan Bardella as president" 14126: 13780:"Comment Marine Le Pen a abandonné le libéralisme pour un programme « social-populiste »" 13481: 7586: 7496: 5702: 5650: 5630: 5598: 5425: 5079: 4858: 4822: 4780: 4667: 4311: 3918: 3476: 3253: 3216: 2934:. In October 2013, Bruno Gollnisch and Jean-Marie Le Pen resigned from their position in the AENM. 2793:, opinion polls had predicted a run-off between incumbent President Chirac and Socialist candidate 2660: 2485: 2440: 2410: 2169:, Le Pen unsuccessfully attempted to consolidate the right-wing vote around presidential candidate 2105: 1999: 1987: 1795: 1439: 1046: 604: 261: 15608: 14852:"Economic Voting and the national Front: Towards a Subregional Understanding of the Extreme-Right" 14677: 14384:"UKRAINE. De Mélenchon à Le Pen, qu'en disent les politiques français ?- 5 mars 2014 – L'Obs" 13866: 13848: 9853: 9308:"Marine Le Pen temporarily steps down as Front National leader to concentrate on presidential bid" 4818: 4225: 3849: 1353: 977: 19311: 18019: 17963: 17940: 17588: 14609:

Lorimer, Marta (2020). "Europe as ideological resource: the case of the Rassemblement National".

14103: 8230:

The system had been designed by Mitterand's party to soften its predicted weakening in the polls.

6270: 5739: 5731: 5674: 5610: 5558: 5078:

was among the few parties to come close to meeting the law, with 49% female candidates; Jospin's

5075: 5055: 5007: 4506: 4353: 4046: 3958: 3854: 3552: 2296: 1634: 1481: 1174: 1086: 982: 680: 19444: 18944: 17409: 16692: 15634: 13328: 11819:"Un an après la présidentielle, Marine Le Pen devancerait François Hollande- 3 mai 2013 – L'Obs" 6254:

The party had five vice presidents between July 2012 and March 2018 (against three previously).

3739: 3415: 2849:. The party's 4.3% support was the lowest score since the 1981 election and only one candidate, 2184: 2081:, citing "an attachment to the European spirit", but to reserve free movement to nationals of a 867: 543: 19569: 19555: 19120: 18721: 17814: 17564: 14851: 14167:

Le Pen says she supported the intervention in Mali, because the Malians asked France to step in

11788: 10705: 8165: 8125: 7946: 7408: 5943: 5594: 5514: 5457: 5214: 4889: 4435: 4368: 4291: 3531: 3340: 3286: 3265: 2497: 2082: 2035: 1563: 1496: 1419: 659: 468: 446: 19276: 18959: 18361: 18201: 18035: 16501: 15531: 14899:"Far-right leader Bardella backpedals on taking France out of NATO strategic military command" 14247:"'A Historic Moment': How French Politicians Reacted to France's New Stance on Western Sahara" 11180: 9053: 6373: 6276: 4572: 3350: 2713: 2436: 2386: 2014:

Jean-Marie Le Pen advanced to the second round but finished a distant second in the runoff to

1700: 478: 19140: 18969: 18650: 17862: 17600: 17331:

Shields, James (2013). "Marine Le Pen and the 'New' FN: A Change of Style or of Substance?".

17136: 16393: 16319: 15682:"Rep. Joe Walsh continues to fan the flames of Islamophobia—and it's accomplishing his goals" 15346:[Financing of the National Front: Russian hackers unveil contacts with the Kremlin]. 15049: 15017: 14472: 12351:"Steve Bannon told a French far-right party to wear the 'racist' label 'as a badge of honor'" 10392: 9141: 5920: 5893: 5840: 5759: 5743: 5638: 5405:

There has been a difference between Marine Le Pen's and her father's opinions concerning the

5266: 5175: 4866: 4842: 4657: 4373: 4190: 3889: 3629: 3587: 3568: 3481: 3175: 3133:

had been managed by Jean-Marie Le Pen. The name had also been used by the FN previously, for

3099: 2504:(UDF) formed alliances with the FN in a number of towns. The most notable result came in the 2417:" with Le Pen being a "puppet of the Jews." The far right was marginalised altogether in the 2316: 2192: 2108:, from 7 to 89 seats. In June 2024, the party, led by its president Jordan Bardella, won the 2006: 1785: 1501: 1318: 1017: 757: 715: 696: 609: 160: 18984: 16722: 8311:"Renowned Nazi hunter in France advises Jews to choose far right over far left in elections" 5923:

in Spain. In 2024, Vox had Le Pen address its conference, despite Vox being a member of the

5864:, distanced himself from the RN, describing its economic agenda as a "disaster" for France. 5485: 4943:

of French culture. In 2021, and again in 2022, Le Pen again proposed banning the wearing of

4904:

2005 FN political poster reading: "Immigrants are going to vote... and you're abstaining?!!"

4551: 3174:. Marine Le Pen called for a "national-unity government" that would include persons such as 3030:

The international media described the results as "historic", and "impressive", although the

1679: 19376: 18909: 18681: 18169: 17919: 17117:

Politics on the Fringe: The People, Policies, and Organization of the French National Front

16056:"Meloni a "Il Corriere della Sera": "In Francia il voto della paura è stato contro Le Pen"" 14036: 9106: 8707: 8671:"The French secular hypocrisy: the extreme right, the Republic and the battle for hegemony" 8249: 6349: 5852:

by Farage, who praised Le Pen and expressed support for her presidential bid. Prior to the

5191: 5186: 5026: 5011: 4565: 4066: 3968: 3794: 3666: 3543: 3370: 3317: 3039: 2906: 2565: 2382: 1693: 1194: 1096: 922: 794: 671: 498: 19216: 16752: 13224:"Projet de lutte contre la prostitution : la morale féministe dépourvue d'efficacité" 9623:"France – Poll gives France's far-right National Front party boost ahead of regional vote" 9534:"Jean-Marie Le Pen, exclu du Front national, fera "bien évidemment" un recours en justice" 5456:– just as we are allowed to criticise any sovereign country – without it being considered 5241:. Bardella has expressed opposition to recognition of Palestinian statehood following the 4245: 3624: 3016: 2960: 2312: 1373: 752: 8: 19545: 19381: 19361: 19286: 19090: 18979: 18964: 18856: 18816: 18715: 18701: 18687: 18347: 17923: 17819: 17668: 17476: 15814: 15022: 13301: 13191: 12405:"Marine le Pen "molle": Les propos de Gérald Darmanin sèment l'embarras au sein de LaREM" 12379:"Ex-Sarkozy minister jumps conservative ship to join French far-right - Channel NewsAsia" 11729: 11544: 11511: 11259: 9367: 7979: 7643: 6318: 6065: 5928: 5666: 5618: 5581:, it chose to distance itself from the FN. From 1999 to 2001, the FN was a member of the 5550: 5538: 5510: 5344: 5324: 5112: 5059: 4716: 4348: 4343: 4175: 4118: 3651: 3557: 3396: 3245: 3036:

suggested that "hopes for real political power remain a fantasy" for the National Front.

3004: 2895: 2747: 2398: 2370: 2176: 2065:(National Rally), and this was confirmed by a ballot of party members. Formerly strongly 1975: 1939: 1844: 1476: 1471: 1303: 1246: 779: 685: 524: 430: 326: 278: 228: 104: 19171: 19025: 18639: 15968: 14592:"Leader of French far-right in EP stands against condemning Orbán's "peace initiatives"" 13908:"Présidentielle : les principaux points du programme diplomatique de Marine Le Pen" 9110: 4558: 4406: 4200: 3043:

Demonstration against the National Front in Paris after the results of the 2014 election

2664:

was the first major test of the relations between the values of the French Republic and

2203: 1686: 1534: 1328: 19518: 19478: 19055: 18607: 17915: 17397: 17248: 16287: 15701: 15527: 14644: 14041: 13586: 13385: 12110: 10424: 9122: 8690: 8657: 8477:"French far-right leader seeks to reintroduce death penalty after Charlie Hebdo attack" 6020: 5970: 5774: 5449: 5411: 5292: 5222: 5104: 5074:, the first under the new gender parity provision in the French Constitution, Le Pen's 4924: 4662: 4610: 4586: 4490: 4428: 4086: 4076: 3998: 3874: 3789: 3784: 3639: 3634: 3365: 3211:, for which polling had indicated that FN would win only between 15 to 45 seats in the 3024: 2781: 2055: 1943: 1935: 1790: 1738: 1714: 1618: 1556: 1214: 1204: 1126: 1002: 917: 912: 767: 762: 493: 420: 409: 243: 238: 223: 19351: 19316: 19251: 19050: 18866: 18811: 18617: 18263: 18236: 17274: 16537: 15434:"French far-right leader Marine Le Pen to stand trial over alleged misuse of EU funds" 15089:"" Détail de l'histoire " : Marine le Pen en " désaccord profond " avec son père" 12808: 12704:"Le Pen, Orban and the 'Patriots for Europe': Is the EU being undermined from within?" 11757:"2012 French legislative elections: Gard's 2nd constituency (first round and run-off)" 9190: 6159:. He later served as honorary president of the party from January 2011 to August 2015 5885: 5381: 5178:, she opposed the French military involvements. However, the party supported the 2013 5042:

campaign. During this time, Bardella also rescinded the prior RN pledge to repeal the

4195: 4180: 3988: 3774: 3171: 2953: 2374: 2051: 1323: 1308: 1116: 902: 19490: 19356: 19336: 19291: 19201: 18776: 18761: 18612: 18467: 18110: 18098: 18086: 18074: 18062: 18027: 17984: 17783: 17576: 17357: 17302: 17252: 17217: 17196: 17169: 17144: 17121: 17100: 17081: 16545: 15660: 14648: 14636: 13696:"The European far right: actually right? Or left? Or something altogether different?" 13557:"Le Pen is bad, but many French Muslims like me don't want to vote for Macron either" 13209: 13092: 12272: 12115: 11188: 10398: 10061: 10053: 9945: 9151: 9126: 9065: 9054:"A new course for the French radical right? The Front National and "de-demonisation"" 8754: 8730: 8711: 8694: 8661: 8605: 8586: 8558: 8529: 8401: 7685: 7322: 7041: 6997: 6480: 6282: 6114: 6073: 5934:

In 2019, RN MEPs participated in the first international delegation to visit India's

5872: 5821: 5530: 5506: 5417: 5380:

disenfranchises voters. In early 2021, Marine Le Pen, along with centrist politician

5108: 4672: 4631: 4210: 4148: 4138: 3829: 3694: 3526: 3313: 3305: 3261: 3183: 3160: 3095: 2684: 2655: 2476: 2449: 2381:", the FN gained several new groups of supporters in the late 1970s and early 1980s: 2142: 2104:, the National Rally achieved a significant increase in the number of its MPs in the 2077:

for some collectivities). In 2021, Le Pen announced that she wanted to remain in the

2010: 1971: 1800: 1759: 1338: 1276: 1266: 957: 822: 654: 128: 19499: 19246: 19009: 19004: 18821: 18756: 18493: 17791: 16662: 16632: 16239:"Marine le Pen felicita a Vox por su resultado en Andalucía antes de que se conozca" 4617: 3814: 3699: 2996: 2409:

tendency in the party leadership. A radical group split off in 1980 and founded the

1745: 942: 827: 19512: 19391: 19241: 19236: 19065: 18846: 18836: 18540: 17743: 17718: 17340: 17240: 16484:"Diaspora Affairs Minister Chikli Stands by Praise for France's Le Pen – Exclusive" 15870:"Lega, il salto di Salvini. Dai Comunisti padani all'amicizia con l'estrema destra" 14626: 14618: 13722: 12726:"Législatives : le financement politique des partis, l'autre enjeu du scrutin" 12365: 12360: 11607: 11574: 9198: 9114: 8682: 8649: 8628: 8393: 6069: 5916: 5802: 5755: 5747: 5577:

group, while the MSI left due to the Germans' arrival. As the MSI evolved into the

5421: 5377: 5179: 5167: 5116: 4624: 4363: 4276: 4220: 4215: 3859: 3779: 3709: 3704: 3164: 2866: 2700: 2043: 1752: 1491: 1404: 1348: 1343: 987: 907: 837: 832: 19326: 16055: 14622: 14198:"En quête de finances pour 2017, le FN fait les yeux doux aux Émirats arabes unis" 14180:"French far-right leader praises 'model' state Egypt for 'fighting radical Islam'" 13806:"Le Pen's opposition to pension reform, focus on public order 'pays off' in polls" 12894: 8686: 8653: 8388:

Jens Rydgren (2008). "France: The Front National, Ethnonationalism and Populism".

6049: 5901: 4170: 3607: 3054: 2350: 2243: 1298: 735: 19432: 19271: 19266: 19261: 19206: 19196: 19176: 19135: 19115: 19075: 18989: 18851: 18656: 18597: 18354: 18244: 18185: 17643: 17413: 17244: 17211: 17159: 17115: 17073: 17069: 16781: 14556:"French far-right party divided over Putin's non-invitation to D-Day anniversary" 14528: 14371: 14347: 13622: 13363: 12841: 12565: 12357: 12333: 12234: 12152: 11997: 9939: 9509: 9312: 8994: 8416:"'The nation state is back': Front National's Marine Le Pen rides on global mood" 8302: 8283: 8239:

if the election had used proportional representation, it would have won 64 seats.

8115: 7920: 6910: 6361: 6294: 6224: 6057: 6033: 5974: 5955: 5876: 5720: 5480: 5439: 5357: 5313: 5305:, attended an event in Donetsk marking the "independence" of the self-proclaimed 5270: 5230: 5062:, highlighting key policies it opposes such as the 2035 ban on fossil fuel cars. 5030: 4971: 4955:

meat. Le Pen says she is "against the visibility of Islam" but not Islam per se.

4809: 4792: 4788: 4481: 4472: 4449: 4271: 4230: 4165: 4113: 3948: 3884: 3844: 3809: 3734: 3724: 3507: 3377: 3316:

were predicted to win around 150-190 seats, slightly ahead of president Macron's

3233: 3156: 3084: 3070: 3008: 2980: 2979:, lists officially supported by the National Front won mayoralties in 12 cities: 2964: 2949: 2755: 2533: 2402: 2390: 2320: 2304: 2300: 2159:, including Le Pen, were part of an inner circle of returned servicemen known as 2093: 2024: 1926: 1908: 1609: 1600: 1577: 1399: 1358: 1293: 1241: 1076: 1012: 972: 937: 862: 852: 635: 505: 312: 132: 81: 19401: 19321: 14037:"A consistent opponent of immigration: Le Pen based appeal on fears about crime" 13965: 12566:"French election result: Macron defeats Le Pen and vows to unite divided France" 6186:

Marine Le Pen took over as the president of the party in 2011 and contested the

5966: 4682: 4250: 2735: 2590: 1810: 1378: 19540: 19346: 19256: 19186: 19161: 19085: 18891: 18881: 18871: 18826: 18796: 18552: 18369: 18271: 17523: 17231:

Hainsworth, Paul (2012). "The Extreme Right in France: From Pétain to Le Pen".

15883: 15344:"Financement du FN : des hackers russes dévoilent des échanges au Kremlin" 15281:"Prêt russe au FN : Marine Le Pen publie les refus des banques françaises" 15250: 14793:"Asselineau, le Pen, Dupont-Aignan, Mélenchon… quatre nuances de souverainisme" 6310: 6258: 6168: 6053: 6045: 6012: 5868: 5825: 5654: 5254: 5207: 5148: 5124: 5103:

as the country's national currency. In the early 2000s the party denounced the

5096: 4975: 4862: 4651: 4358: 4235: 4185: 3894: 3804: 3759: 3729: 3661: 3516: 3471: 3406: 2651: 2609:, Le Pen won an unprecedented 14.4% of the vote, and double the votes of 1984. 2572: 2472: 2444: 2394: 2346: 2217: 2150: 2138: 2015: 1995: 1983: 1779: 1486: 1363: 1313: 1022: 932: 887: 857: 789: 644: 599: 534: 99: 19524: 18806: 18801: 16100:"Insight: Meloni, Le Pen rift mars far right's prospects of wielding EU power" 16082:"The far-right rift between France's Marine Le Pen and Italy's Giorgia Meloni" 14981:"Jean-Marie Le Pen renvoyé devant la justice pour ses propos sur l'Occupation" 14319:"France's far-right leader 'unfavourable to recognition of Palestinian state'" 13867:"French businesses court Marine Le Pen after taking fright at left's policies" 9231: 6219: 5982: 5706: 5400: 4143: 4128: 3754: 1271: 1256: 882: 62: 19585: 19471: 19296: 19221: 18914: 18886: 18781: 18534: 18529: 18209: 18146: 18134: 18122: 18043: 17992: 17516: 17371: 16549: 16347:"À Bruxelles, Le Pen loue le "bienfaisant courage" de la Pologne face à l'UE" 15942: 15181: 14640: 12828: 12431:"Marine le Pen promet un " gouvernement d'union nationale " si elle est élue" 12276: 12119: 11902:"Far-Right Front National makes historic gains in French municipal elections" 10065: 8397: 7996: 7882: 7548: 7165: 6797: 6379: 6288: 6173: 6037: 5939: 5833: 5794: 5751: 5727: 5698: 5606: 5526: 5262: 5136: 5019: 5015: 4999: 4995: 4988: 4796: 4767: 4728: 4544: 4316: 4281: 4153: 3879: 3764: 3744: 3580: 3521: 3257: 3088: 2899: 2854: 2850: 2794: 2621: 2605:), while the central theme of his campaign was "national preference". In the 2575:

reinstated the two-round system of majority voting for the next election. In

2561: 2085:

country, excluding residents of and visitors from another Schengen country.

2078: 2019: 1991: 1856: 1672: 1444: 1409: 1281: 1007: 892: 872: 708: 649: 117: 19125: 17903: 16788: 16412:"Le Pen questions EU-level alliance with AfD, spelling trouble for ID unity" 14410:"Marine Le Pen: Ukraine s association with EU – best option| Ukrinform" 13831:"As Bardella becomes more like Macron, his party becomes more like Meloni's" 13188:"Marine Le Pen: I would hold a referendum on reinstating the death penalty." 9730:"Marine Le Pen annonce que le Front national devient Rassemblement national" 9191:"Le Front national français dans l'espace des droites radicales européennes" 6109: 5589:

group. Between the mentioned groups, the party sat among the non-affiliated

5409:

and Jews. In 2005, Jean-Marie Le Pen wrote in the far-right weekly magazine

4892:, on the grounds that it would negatively affect the safety of sex workers. 4306: 1434: 19565: 19560: 19438: 19425: 19366: 19331: 19301: 19231: 19226: 19040: 18949: 18876: 18841: 18791: 18771: 18663: 16315:"22 of 27 EU parliamentarians visiting Kashmir are from Right-wing parties" 16265:"Meloni, Orbán, Le Pen back Spanish far right in 'battle against Brussels'" 16118:"Le Pen praises Salvini's previous anti-migration efforts, tackling Meloni" 13060:"Europeans favoring right-wing populist parties are more positive on Putin" 12337: 9566:"Local elections confirm a quarter of French voters support Front National" 9343:"France's far right replaces Le Pen with Jordan Bardella – DW – 11/05/2022" 9058:

Radical Right-Wing Populist Parties in Western Europe: Into the Mainstream?

9027:"Quelle doit être la couleur du Front national sur les cartes électorales?" 7841: 7773: 5951: 5857: 5844: 5832:, which had previously eschewed cooperation with the FN when it was led by 5814: 5806: 5786: 5682: 5590: 5385: 5282: 5277: 5163: 5095:

From the 1980s to the 1990s, the party's policy shifted from favouring the

4979: 4959: 4940: 4499: 3899: 3869: 3864: 3839: 3824: 3671: 3573: 3439: 3179: 3145: 2719: 2252: 2100:, she lost to Macron in the run-off, receiving 41.45% of the votes. In the 2047: 1627: 1027: 997: 992: 967: 952: 799: 701: 567: 16020:"Nigel Farage: Marine Le Pen's economics would be 'a disaster' for France" 15576: 14219:"Le parti de Marine le Pen s'attaque à l'Algérie et fait l'éloge du Maroc" 12305:

Wear 'racist' like a badge of honour, Bannon tells French far-right summit

9202: 9097:

Forchtner, Bernhard (September 2019). "Climate change and the far right".

3719: 3446: 2571:

The party's time in the National Assembly effectively came to an end when

2369:

Following the 1974 election, the FN was obscured by the appearance of the

847: 574: 19418: 19396: 19371: 19341: 19306: 19181: 19166: 19156: 18861: 18217: 18193: 18011: 17806: 17661: 17571: 17464: 15754:"Marine Le Pen rencontre un élu américain connu pour ses propos racistes" 15285: 14131: 12671:"Bardella heads Patriots for Europe, EU Parliament's third-largest group" 12146:

Les Patriotes: How Le Pen's ex-protégé hopes to win over French far right

9794:"Après l'euro et le Frexit, nouveau revirement européen de Marine Le Pen" 6385: 6367: 6305: 6264: 6061: 6041: 5997: 5881: 5685:

and most former ID members, with Bardella ultimately chairing the group.

5658: 5626: 5570: 4984: 4917: 4800: 4784: 4689: 3614: 3500: 3432: 3427: 3401: 2858: 2406: 2354: 2134: 2066: 2039: 1817: 742: 628: 560: 555: 529: 266: 94: 17344: 16136:"Le Pen draws closer to Meloni and distances herself from Germany's AfD" 15810:"French MPs demand inquiry into Steve Bannon's links with Marine Le Pen" 15213:"Far-right Front National's Russian loan: '31 mln euros more to follow'" 14711:"Le Rassemblement national abandonne définitivement la sortie de l'euro" 14631: 14069:"Le Rassemblement national abandonne définitivement la sortie de l'euro" 13414:"Marine Le Pen revendique la « brutalité » contre l'islamisme" 12774:"French elections: Here's who voted for the different political parties" 9761:"Le Pen's Rassemblement National revises stance towards EU and the euro" 9650:"How Marine Le Pen turned respectable (and why you shouldn't be fooled)" 9143:

The Far Right and the Environment: Politics, Discourse and Communication

8632: 6015:

expressed support for Le Pen and the National Rally, and suggested that

3102:, on the grounds that the FN had "softened" its position on leaving the 2731: 19549: 18694: 17424:

Has Marine Le Pen made France's Front National respectable? RFI English

16221:"Putin's allies in the European Parliament rally around Le Pen's party" 15581: 14468:"Poutine et le FN : révélations sur les réseaux russes des Le Pen" 14283:"Marine Le Pen courts French Jews as far left refuses to condemn Hamas" 13206:"Le Pen is willing to hold death penalty referendum if she is elected." 9056:. In Akkerman, Tjitske; de Lange, Sarah L.; Rooduijn, Matthijs (eds.). 5908:

since 2021. The RN was critical of the decision to allow the Bulgarian

5798: 5693: 5234: 5194:'s opposition to Islamism with the more pro-Islamist position taken by 5003: 4878: 4826: 4779:

The party's ideology has been broadly described by scholars, including

3562: 3536: 3309: 3074: 2830:

A new electoral system of two-round voting had been introduced for the

2324: 2031: 690: 664: 182: 19506: 14232: 13125:"Who is Marine Le Pen and what are her French election 2022 policies?" 12509:"Elections régionales : En Aveyron, le RN veut séduire la droite" 8990:"France – A Guide to Europe's Right-Wing Parties and Extremist Groups" 8511:

Abridged list of reliable sources that refer to the National Rally as

5323:, Le Pen supported sending non-lethal defensive aid to Ukraine in the 4600: 3020: 2421:, although the PFN came out better off. In the first election for the 2061:

At the FN congress of 2018, Marine Le Pen proposed renaming the party

1728: 19281: 19211: 18177: 17271:"From Jean-Marie to Marine Le Pen: Electoral Change on the Far Right" 17165: 16379:"Marine Le Pen and Eric Zemmour face off in rival rallies – POLITICO" 15856:"Le Pen plans for far-right Parliament group fall foul of Bossi move" 15217: 14917:"Proportionnelle: Bayrou, Bayou, le Pen et Lagarde écrivent à Macron" 14690:"EU vote may shift power in main euro zone states, stall integration" 14524:"Marine Le Pen's Closest Advisor Comes Out of the Shadows in Donetsk" 13504:"Marine Le Pen, Islamophobia, and the polarization of French society" 13297:"Marine Le Pen planning Italy trip to condemn North African refugees" 12805:"From Jean-Marie to Marine Le Pen: Electoral Change on the Far Right" 11540:"Far-Right National Front performs well in French regional elections" 9147: 9061: 6355: 5861: 5829: 5602: 5475: 5406: 5203: 4994:

The party's economic policy shifted from the 1980s to the 1990s from

4804: 4579: 3488: 3453: 3304:, the National Rally were expected to get 230-270 seats, close to an 2914:, with regions where the National Front gained the most votes in grey 2869:. Twenty permanent employees of the FN were also dismissed in 2008. 2823: 2696: 2208:, founded at the end of the 19th century, and its descendants in the 2126: 2074: 1707: 616: 581: 18436: 17391: 16002:"Farage, Polish populists dash far-right hopes of grand EU alliance" 13091:. Princeton, New Jersey, US: Princeton University Press. p. 2. 13029:"Le Pen Family Drama Splits France's Far Right National Front Party" 12536:"Le Pen's far-right party suffers blow in French regional elections" 12166:"Marine Le Pen propose de rebaptiser le FN "Rassemblement national"" 9824:"Marine Le Pen n'envisage plus de suspendre les accords de Schengen" 9697:"Marine Le Pen propose de renommer le FN " Rassemblement national "" 9447:"Jean-Marie Le Pen fined again for dismissing Holocaust as 'detail'" 9118: 8919:"Le Pen Family Drama Splits France's Far Right National Front Party" 5726:

At a conference in 2011, the two new leaders of the FN and the FPÖ,

5135:. In other issues, Le Pen opposed the invasions of Iraq, led by the 2988: 2818: 402: 18670: 17839: 17595: 17583: 17419:

Nations Presse Info, an information Website near the National Front

16803:"Jordan Bardella promu 2e vice-président du Rassemblement national" 16466:"France's Macron slams Israeli minister's backing of Marine Le Pen" 16351: 15377:"France's National Rally links to violent far-right group revealed" 15348: 14985: 13952:"French elections: Far-right's proposals go against the Green Deal" 13466: 13084: 12201: 10307: 8221:

The 1984 European election used proportional representation system.

5790: 5715: 5670: 5520: 5489: 5336: 5206:. It praised the 2024 recognition of Moroccan sovereignty over the 5144: 5140: 5131:. The FN was also one of several parties that backed France's 2005 4962:

by many. The party has connected immigration to Islamic terrorism.

4814: 4593: 3644: 3422: 3386: 3249: 3149: 2926:

At the end of 2011, the National Front withdrew from the far-right

2761:

Mégret and his faction left the FN in January 1999 and founded the

2669: 2598: 2213: 2130: 2009:

to be the legitimate political vehicle for the far-right movement.

1721: 772: 550: 514: 17137:"France: The National Front As Prototype of the New Radical Right" 12618:"France: Marine Le Pen's National Rally estimated to win 89 seats" 12264:"'Let Them Call You Racists': Bannon's Pep Talk to National Front" 12011:"Far-right National Front stuns French elite with EU 'earthquake'" 11933:"France's National Front Scores Historic Win in European Election" 9423:"Marine Le Pen National Front leader | Who is Marine Le Pen?" 6330:

The position of General Secretary was held between 1972 and 2018:

5797:. In February 2017, two more conservative Republican Congressmen, 5765:

During her 2012 visit to the United States, Marine Le Pen met two

1954:

since 2022. Its candidate was defeated in the second round in the

17932: 17618: 17535: 17511: 17499: 17418: 13885:"Bardella goes back on promise to repeal Macron's pension reform" 13263: 13261: 13088:

Political Entrepreneurs: The Rise of Challenger Parties in Europe

8555:

Political Entrepreneurs: The Rise of Challenger Parties in Europe

6001: 5689: 5461: 5443: 5258: 5152: 4900: 3495: 2992: 2984: 2798: 2414: 623: 16283:"India Finally Lets Lawmakers into Kashmir: Far-Right Europeans" 15981:"Brexit party in talks to join far-right group in EU parliament" 15177:"Europe is trying to keep Russia from influencing its elections" 12996:

Erlanger, Steven; de Freytas-Tamura, Kimiko (17 December 2016).

11784:"Anti-Euro Le Pen Party Wins First Parliament Seats in 15 Years" 11255:"French far-right leader Jean-Marie Le Pen sets retirement date" 10444: 9285: 8846:

Erlanger, Steven; de Freytas-Tamura, Kimiko (17 December 2016).

8585:. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press. pp. 91–120. 5509:

uncovered links between high-ranking National Rally figures and

5123:." It also proposed breaking all institutional ties back to the 18708: 17547: 17429:

Marine Le Pen's Protectionist Economics and Social Conservatism

17354:

The French National Front: The Extremist Challenge To Democracy

17042: 13753:"Macron-Le Pen face-off: EU supporter vs. economic nationalist" 11453: 9475:"Jean-Marie Le Pen condamné pour incitation à la haine raciale" 8944:"The ruthlessly effective rebranding of Europe's new far right" 8751:

The French National Front: The Extremist Challenge To Democracy

8452:"Depuis 2011, le FN est devenu "protectionniste au sens large"" 8261:

The proportional representation was used in the 1986 elections.

6433:

the rebranded National Rally retained its spot as first party.

5962: 5436: 5298: 4970:

At the end of the 1970s, Jean-Marie Le Pen broke away from the

4952: 3312:

on 7th July, that figure was reduced to 120-170 seats, and the

3055:

Presidential and parliamentary election, rebranding (2017–2022)

3000: 2751: 2692: 2146: 2141:

and on right-wing dismay over the decision by French President

17433: 14741:"Retreating Eurosceptics now settle for 'reforms from within'" 13849:"France's far-right chief pledges to clean up public finances" 13582:"Marine Le Pen's Anti-Islam Message Gains Influence in France" 13462:"France's Marine Le Pen says she's not waging a religious war" 13258: 12849: 12327:"Steve Bannon tells French far-right 'history is on our side'" 11480: 10527: 8248:

It had won a mayorship only once before, in the small town of

6279:, in charge of elections and electoral litigations (2012–2018) 5210:

and suggested the French government should have acted sooner.

2640:, the FN held on to its ten seats, winning 11.7% of the vote. 19095: 19035: 19030: 17559: 15920:"Geert Wilders invites Nigel Farage to join anti-EU alliance" 13482:"Marine Le Pen backs European election alliance with Wilders" 12744:"Publication des candidatures et des résultats aux élections" 12483:"Le parti de Marine le Pen engrange les ralliements à droite" 12039: 10021: 8194: 8182: 6016: 5782: 5245:, on the grounds that this would be "recognising terrorism". 5195: 5100: 4948: 4944: 4538: 2665: 2509: 1666: 175: 15938:"Inevitably, Nigel Farage and Marine Le Pen are now buddies" 15902:"Le Pen's National Front fail to woo Britain's Eurosceptics" 14943:"Le Pen repeats slur that Nazi gas chambers were a 'detail'" 13984: 13538:"The French culture war over Islam shows no sign of abating" 11725:"Marion Le Pen becomes youngest French MP in modern history" 10009: 5989:. Morawiecki later expressed openness to the RN joining the 5805:, also met with Le Pen in Paris. The party also has ties to 5565:. Following the 1989 election, it teamed up with the German 2806:(UMP). The FN failed to hold on to Le Pen's support for the 2092:, receiving 33.9% of the votes in the run-off and losing to 19046:

Association for the Defence of the Memory of Marshal Pétain

17213:

The National Front in France: Ideology, Discourse and Power

17141:

The Radical Right in Western Europe: A Comparative Analysis

17097:

The National Front in France: Ideology, Discourse and Power

15013:"Bruno Gollnisch condamné pour ses propos sur l'Holocauste" 14096:"France's Le Pen wants France, Greece, Spain to ditch euro" 13366:. 20minutes.fr, 5 November 2015. Retrieved 4 December 2016. 13246: 12230:"Marine Le Pen sparks row over new name for Front National" 11377: 11143: 10924: 10876: 10360: 10295: 10283: 10271: 10203: 9997: 8583:

The radical right in Western Europe: a comparative analysis

8284:"Vive la difference – has France's Front National changed?" 8188: 6291:, in charge of local executives and supervision (2014–2018) 5401:

Opinions on the holocaust, and relations with Jewish groups

5159: 3222: 3107: 2746:, the FN polled its best-ever result with 15.3% support in 2738:

and his faction broke out from the FN to form the MNR party

2726: 2070: 1979: 16842: 16840: 16838: 16836: 16834: 16832: 16830: 16828: 14501:"France's cash-strapped far right turns to Russian lender" 14015: 14013: 14011: 13666: 13664: 13662: 13660: 13278: 13276: 12929: 12927: 11449:"Après le "Paquebot", Le Pen vend sa 605 blindée sur eBay" 11430: 11428: 11355: 11353: 11328: 11326: 11301: 11299: 11297: 11284: 11282: 11162: 11160: 11158: 11109: 11107: 11105: 11006: 11004: 11002: 10965: 10963: 10803: 10801: 10259: 9958: 8831:"France's cash-strapped far right turns to Russian lender" 8602:

The Radical Right in Western Europe A Comparative Analysis

8507: 8505: 3091:

became the youngest ever member of the French parliament.

2283:. The party was launched on 5 October 1972 under the name 17407:

FNinfos, the official website of National Front activists

15246:"Is the Kremlin financing Europe's right-wing populists?" 13996: 12998:"E.U. Faces Its Next Big Test as France's Election Looms" 12995: 11608:"France's National Front picks Marine Le Pen as new head" 11389: 11338: 11225: 11131: 11090: 10987: 10975: 10900: 10842: 10840: 10813: 10752: 10750: 10748: 10746: 10744: 10742: 10672: 10670: 10633: 10631: 10629: 10627: 10625: 10623: 10610: 10608: 10606: 10604: 10602: 10505: 10503: 10501: 10499: 10497: 10495: 10467: 10465: 10463: 10461: 10459: 10350: 10348: 10346: 10222: 10220: 10218: 10193: 10191: 10189: 10164: 10162: 9987: 9985: 8848:"E.U. Faces Its Next Big Test as France's Election Looms" 8845: 8727:

France: The Front National, Ethnonationalism and Populism

8704:

The Far Right Today and The ideology of the extreme right

8200: 5849: 5347:, and that French laws should have primacy over EU laws. 4923:

In November 2015, the party stated as its goal to have a

4888:

The party opposed the 2016 criminalisation of the use of

3121:

had already been used as the name of a French party, the

1974:, protection of French identity, and stricter control of 15577:"Austrian far-right in fresh push for EU respectability" 14159:"French Military Operations in Africa Unpopular at Home" 13902: 13900: 13898: 12155:. France 24, 18 December 2017. Retrieved 3 January 2018. 10936: 10687: 10685: 10655: 10482: 10480: 10372: 10331: 10247: 10237: 10235: 10174: 10147: 10135: 10125: 10123: 9919: 9907: 9895: 9883: 8428:"Marine Le Pen says sanctions on Russia are not working" 6376:(2010–2011; interim period during the internal campaign) 6131:

party in 1972 and contested the Presidency of France in

16825: 15842:"Le Pen and Wilders unite to form eurosceptic alliance" 15472: 15460: 15448: 15069: 14961: 14574:"Bardella: No troops or long-range missiles to Ukraine" 14008: 13676: 13657: 13273: 12971:"Victory for France's conservatives in local elections" 12951: 12939: 12924: 12912: 12105:"Why Macron Won: Luck, Skill and France's Dark History" 11575:"Marine Le Pen 'chosen to lead Frances National Front'" 11507:"La Peugeot de Le Pen à nouveau mise en vente sur ebay" 11425: 11413: 11401: 11365: 11350: 11323: 11311: 11294: 11279: 11213: 11155: 11119: 11102: 11052: 11040: 11028: 11016: 10999: 10960: 10948: 10888: 10864: 10852: 10798: 10084: 9970: 9871: 9691: 9689: 9212: 8789:"Victory for France's conservatives in local elections" 8502: 6206:

since 2017. Under her leadership the party was renamed

5534: 4865:, harsher sentencing, increased prison capacity, and a 3239: 3103: 2353:, and generally the creation of a "French and European 15120:"The National Front and the quest for the Jewish vote" 14880:. Enquete&Debat. 23 September 2014. Archived from 10912: 10837: 10825: 10786: 10774: 10739: 10727: 10667: 10620: 10599: 10587: 10575: 10492: 10456: 10343: 10215: 10186: 10159: 10108: 10096: 9982: 9854:"Left-wing surge thwarts far right in French election" 9724: 9722: 9273: 6267:, in charge of training and demonstrations (2011–2018) 5500: 1982:'s integrated command. It also supports reform of the 17406: 17193:

Right-Wing Populism in Europe: Politics and Discourse

16172:"Geert Wilders voit Marine le Pen présidente en 2017" 15969:

https://x.com/EuropeElects/status/1129133778717282309

15021:(in French). Reuters. 18 January 2007. Archived from 14878:"Marine Le Pen, entre souverainisme et identitarisme" 14437:"We should beware Russia's links with Europe's right" 13895: 13381:"Marine Le Pen, France's (Kinder, Gentler) Extremist" 10762: 10682: 10643: 10563: 10551: 10539: 10515: 10477: 10319: 10232: 10120: 10033: 9400:. Policy-network.net. 22 January 2015. Archived from 6285:, in charge of strategy and communication (2012–2017) 5557:

after the 1984 election, which also consisted of the

3065:

On 24 April 2017, a day after the first round of the

2467: 37:"Front National" redirects here. For other uses, see 17773: 17292:"France: The historic victory of the Front National" 15884:"Warfare between Eurosceptic camps: Le Pen v Farage" 15412:"France's Marine Le Pen to Face Trial Over Spending" 13688: 13027:

Meichtry, Stacy; Bisserbe, Noemie (19 August 2015).

11698:"New poll shows far right could squeeze out Sarkozy" 10394:

Political parties and the collapse of the old orders

9686: 9510:"France National Front: Jean-Marie Le Pen suspended" 8917:

Meichtry, Stacy; Bisserbe, Noemie (19 August 2015).

8810:"New poll shows far right could squeeze out Sarkozy" 6202:

from 2004 to 2017 and has served as a deputy of the

5465:

development of radical Islam in problematic areas".

5316:suggested it was not a threat to France or Europe. 3248:, originally founded by Viktor Orbán with the Czech 2397:(1984) and his Catholic fundamentalists, as well as 2125:

The party's ideological roots can be traced to both

17262:

Nationalistes et Conservateurs en France, 1885–1902

12973:. Deutsche Welle. AP, AFP, Reuters. 30 March 2015. 11671:"Far-right's Marine Le Pen leads in shock new poll" 9719: 8873:"Far-right's Marine Le Pen leads in shock new poll" 8791:. Deutsche Welle. AP, AFP, Reuters. 30 March 2015. 8574:

Nationalistes et Conservateurs en France, 1885–1902

5367: 5155:in 1990, and subsequently considered him a friend. 5133:

rejection of the Treaty for a European Constitution

3047:The National Front received 4,712,461 votes in the 2323:'s Justice and Liberty movement; as well as former 19617:Member parties of the Identity and Democracy Party 17161:The Extreme Right in France: From Pétain to Le Pen 15550:"Japanese and European far right gathers in Tokyo" 15045:"Bruno Gollnisch blanchi par la Cour de cassation" 12262: 12103: 9568:. openeurope.org.uk. 23 March 2015. Archived from 8969:"Japanese and European far right gathers in Tokyo" 8553:Hobolt, Sara; De Vries, Catherine (16 June 2020). 2970: 2073:as the main currency of France (together with the 17195:. London/New York: Bloomsbury. pp. 177–190. 16685:"Marie-Christine Arnautu: Functions in the party" 16595:"F. Philippot becomes a vice president of the FN" 13151:"Marine Le Pen's plan to make France great again" 13148: 9398:"The French National Front: On its way to power?" 5793:, whom Le Pen complimented for his stance on the 5553:. The first group it helped co-establish was the 4817:. Jean-Yves Camus and Nicolas Lebourg, following 2462: 19583: 18582: 17297:. In De Sio L.; Emanuele V.; Maggini N. (eds.). 15706:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 13723:"French National Front: Far right or hard left?" 13026: 12301: 11759:(in French). Minister of the Interior (France). 8916: 8333: 5692:group, which consisted of a variety of European 5521:Alleged payment of party officials with EU funds 5460:. After all, the National Front has always been 2977:municipal elections held on 23 and 30 March 2014 2884: 2687:(and thus the mayorship) in three cities in the 2513:monumental turning point in the rise of the FN. 2479:, leader of the National Front from 1972 to 2011 2269:Logo of the National Front between 1972 and 2007 17135:Kitschelt, Herbert; McGann, Anthony J. (1997). 17134: 16391: 15275: 15273: 13267: 12042:"The National Front's victory: France in shock" 10533: 10450: 10027: 9099:Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 8599: 8580: 6400:As of February 2023, the National Rally has 88 6198:French presidential elections. She served as a 5237:policies over time, particularly following the 1986:(EU) and its related organisations as well as 19667:Political parties of the French Fifth Republic 15996: 15994: 14823:"Ce que Marine le Pen propose pour la défense" 13644:"What does France's National Front stand for?" 13615: 13085:Catherine E. De Vries; Sara B. Hobolt (2020). 12073:"France Shaken by National Front 'Earthquake'" 11813: 11811: 11178: 9590: 8552: 8177:Other customary colours include the following: 5948:revoke the special status of Jammu and Kashmir 5892:In addition, the party has had relations with 5549:The FN has been part of several groups in the 4297:National Centre of Independents & Peasants 3929:Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism 3229:National Rally–The Republicans alliance crisis 2776: 2303:'s Party of French Unity; "nationalists" from 2005:The party was founded in 1972, created by the 1425:National Centre of Independents & Peasants 1057:Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism 18568: 18452: 17948: 17759: 17449: 17043:"Résultats de l'élection présidentielle 2017" 16715:"Jean-François Jalkh: Functions in the party" 15723:"Marine Le Pen's awkward day on Capitol Hill" 14336: 14334: 14332: 14093: 12040:Charlemagne European politics (26 May 2014). 9232:"22 MESURES POUR 2022 (22 measures for 2022)" 9025:Garnier, Christophe-Cécil (7 December 2015). 6425:, when it gained 24% of the vote. During the 6151:. He served several terms as a deputy of the 5781:, who is known for his strong stance against 4748: 3979:An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races 3182:on the left, such as former economy minister 3135:its parliamentary group between 1986 and 1988 2879: 2680:, votes for Le Pen rose to 15% of the total. 2624:comments made by Le Pen and the FN newspaper 2364: 1876: 1107:An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races 18414:Movement for a Europe of Nations and Freedom 17068: 15688:. Archived from the original on 11 June 2017 15336: 15314:"Marine Le Pen justifie le prêt russe du FN" 15270: 15206: 15204: 14412:. Ukrinform.ua. 26 June 2013. Archived from 13990: 13720: 12855: 12823: 12736: 12719: 12717: 11871:"The French Right Scores a Historic Victory" 10301: 10277: 9256: 8941: 8600:McGann, Anthony; Kitschelt, Herbert (1997). 8581:Kitschelt, Herbert; McGann, Anthony (1995). 8542: 8387: 8006: 7183: 7151: 7086: 7059: 7015: 5561:(MSI), its early inspiration, and the Greek 5420:as "a point of detail of the history of the 4687: 4516: 4497: 4488: 4479: 4470: 4454: 4440: 4426: 4404: 3605: 3578: 3541: 3505: 3486: 3437: 3413: 3375: 3274: 2910:Results by region at the first round of the 2785:Logo for Le Pen's 2002 presidential campaign 2583: 2530:National Centre of Independents and Peasants 2201: 2190: 2182: 2174: 2160: 2154: 2145:to abandon his promise of holding on to the 1815: 1644: 1625: 1616: 1607: 1598: 1582: 1568: 1554: 1532: 733: 706: 669: 633: 614: 565: 541: 503: 18925:Fédération d'action nationale et européenne 17143:. University of Michigan. pp. 91–120. 16745:"Florian Philippot: Functions in the party" 15991: 15005: 11808: 8524:Azéma, Jean-Pierre; Winock, Michel (1994). 8523: 5991:European Conservatives and Reformists Group 5927:; after the election, Vox joined the RN in 5925:European Conservatives and Reformists Group 5468: 5454:criticise the policy of the State of Israel 5158:Marine Le Pen advocated France leaving the 4857:In 2002, Jean-Marie Le Pen campaigned on a 2540:- although in unwinnable positions. Former 18575: 18561: 18459: 18445: 17955: 17941: 17766: 17752: 17456: 17442: 17396: 17230: 14945:. France 24. 27 March 2009. Archived from 14678:"European elections 2019 – as it happened" 14329: 13536:Esposti, Emanuelle Degli; Chaplin, Chris. 13535: 6395: 6000:and the AfD questioning French control of 5915:Since 2018, the RN has had relations with 5848:interviewed for the British radio station 5585:. In 2007, it was part of the short-lived 5544: 5372:The National Rally has advocated for full 5253:Marine Le Pen described Russian President 5054:Le Pen does not plan to withdraw from the 5025:Under Marine Le Pen, the RN has supported 4755: 4741: 2484:indistinguishable, particularly after the 1883: 1869: 408: 17299:The European Parliament Elections of 2014 15237: 15201: 14630: 14515: 14492: 14459: 14428: 14386:. Tempsreel.nouvelobs.com. 5 March 2014. 14340: 14030: 14028: 13438: 13436: 13434: 13020: 12989: 12714: 12644:"The makeover of France's National Rally" 12254: 11638:"Résultats des élections Cantonales 2011" 11185:The concise Oxford dictionary of politics 11179:McLean, Iain; McMillan, Alistair (2009). 9139: 9096: 8891: 8342:"The rise and rise of France's far right" 8281: 6273:, in charge of social affairs (2011–2018) 3139:National Institute of Industrial Property 2233: 17190: 17013:"Résultat des élections Régionales 2021" 16983:"Résultat des élections Régionales 2015" 16953:"Résultat des élections Régionales 2010" 16923:"Résultat des élections Régionales 2004" 16893:"Résultat des élections Régionales 1998" 15751: 15574: 15118:Boitiaux, Charlotte (14 December 2011). 15117: 14118: 13579: 13554: 13516: 13411: 13374: 13372: 12963: 12723: 12668: 12533: 12260: 12227: 12194: 12101: 12070: 11930: 11716: 11602: 11600: 11569: 11567: 11248: 11246: 11244: 11242: 11240: 9758: 9260:Studia Historica. Historia Contemporánea 8767: 7028: 5785:, which Domenic Powell argues, rises to 5356:structure, which France joined in 2009. 5290:were a "pro-Russian bloc." In 2014, the 4934: 4899: 4766: 3223:Jordan Bardella's leadership (from 2022) 3061:2017 Marine Le Pen presidential campaign 3038: 2905: 2894: 2891:2012 Marine Le Pen presidential campaign 2817: 2780: 2730: 2727:Turmoil and split of the MNR (1997–2002) 2471: 19106:National Council of European Resistance 17351: 17330: 17157: 17113: 16861: 16859: 16857: 16855: 16846: 16535: 15720: 15547: 15478: 15466: 15454: 15075: 14967: 14608: 14465: 14434: 14094:Georgiopoulos, George (20 March 2011). 14019: 14002: 13682: 13670: 13294: 13282: 13252: 12957: 12945: 12933: 12918: 12797: 11821:. Tempsreel.nouvelobs.com. 3 May 2013. 11781: 11434: 11419: 11407: 11395: 11383: 11371: 11359: 11344: 11332: 11317: 11305: 11288: 11231: 11219: 11166: 11149: 11137: 11125: 11113: 11096: 11058: 11046: 11034: 11022: 11010: 10993: 10981: 10969: 10954: 10942: 10930: 10918: 10906: 10894: 10882: 10870: 10858: 10846: 10831: 10819: 10807: 10792: 10780: 10768: 10756: 10733: 10691: 10676: 10661: 10649: 10637: 10614: 10593: 10581: 10569: 10557: 10545: 10521: 10509: 10486: 10471: 10420:"The Many Lives of François Mitterrand" 10378: 10366: 10354: 10337: 10325: 10313: 10289: 10265: 10253: 10241: 10226: 10209: 10197: 10180: 10168: 10153: 10141: 10129: 10114: 10102: 10090: 10051: 10039: 10015: 10003: 9991: 9976: 9964: 9944:. University of Michigan. p. 193. 9925: 9913: 9901: 9889: 9647: 9302: 9300: 9291: 9279: 9024: 8966: 8748: 8743: 8724: 8639: 8547: 8392:. Link.springer.com. pp. 166–180. 8372:"Le RN affirmé avoir 100,000 adhérents" 5711:Alliance of European National Movements 5525:In December 2023, 28 people, including 2928:Alliance of European National Movements 2330:The National Front fared poorly in the 2088:Le Pen reached the second round of the 445: The RN is considered part of the 14: 19602:Anti-Islam political parties in Europe 19584: 17376:Histoire de l'extrême droite en France 17370: 17209: 17094: 16605:from the original on 26 September 2013 16531: 16529: 16527: 15679: 15665:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 15409: 15311: 15210: 15144: 14864:from the original on 24 September 2015 14666:"European far right hails Brexit vote" 14498: 14025: 13803: 13777: 13630:from the original on 25 September 2015 13431: 13378: 13182: 13180: 13178: 13176: 13122: 13118: 13116: 13114: 13057: 12834:Histoire de l'extrême droite en France 11899: 11722: 11668: 11537: 11504: 11252: 11201:from the original on 27 September 2021 9877: 9648:Vinocur, Nicholas (12 February 2024). 9603:from the original on 25 September 2015 9218: 9188: 9164:from the original on 27 September 2021 9078:from the original on 26 September 2021 9051: 8904:from the original on 25 September 2015 8870: 8828: 8668: 8526:Histoire de l'extrême droite en France 8474: 8462:from the original on 27 September 2015 8308: 8282:Gatehouse, Gabriel (5 December 2015). 7637: 6325: 5867:Though the FN had close contacts with 5789:and three-time presidential candidate 5705:(FPÖ) refused to join the efforts, as 5623:Conservative People's Party of Estonia 5185:Le Pen has praised Egyptian President 4773:Department for Protection and Security 4417:(formerly known as: Club de l'Horloge) 2902:, National Front president (2011–2022) 2813: 1545:(formerly known as: Club de l'Horloge) 198:Department for Protection and Security 19662:Political parties established in 1972 19607:Far-right political parties in France 18935:French and European Nationalist Party 18556: 18466: 18440: 17936: 17747: 17437: 17289: 17268: 16873:from the original on 24 February 2017 16775:Marine Le Pen rempile à la tête du FN 16655:"Louis Aliot: Functions in the party" 16625:"Alain Jamet: Functions in the party" 16295:from the original on 24 December 2019 16038:"Nigel Farage turns on Marine Le Pen" 15752:Levenson, Claire (14 February 2017). 15615:from the original on 10 November 2017 15556:from the original on 15 February 2011 15516: 15387:from the original on 2 September 2019 15258:from the original on 16 February 2015 15243: 15126:from the original on 30 December 2011 14829:from the original on 13 November 2013 14511:from the original on 29 January 2015. 14499:Dodman, Benjamin (23 November 2014). 14480:from the original on 29 November 2014 14466:Jauvert, Vincent (27 November 2014). 14390:from the original on 17 December 2014 14034: 13972:from the original on 12 February 2003 13506:. The ILR School, Cornell University. 13369: 13149:Vinocur, Nicholas (4 February 2017). 12802: 12688:"Bardella se récupère à Strasbourg". 12283:from the original on 15 February 2021 11695: 11597: 11564: 11446: 11237: 11172: 11078:from the original on 28 December 2014 10715:from the original on 12 December 2016 10703: 10417: 10390: 9834:from the original on 19 February 2021 9804:from the original on 21 February 2021 9788: 9786: 9771:from the original on 25 February 2021 9669: 9505:Jean-Marie suspension and expulsion: 9485:from the original on 25 February 2021 9337: 9335: 9320:from the original on 6 September 2017 9002:from the original on 27 February 2016 8975:from the original on 15 February 2011 8841:from the original on 29 January 2015. 8829:Dodman, Benjamin (23 November 2014). 8807: 8701: 8618: 8339: 5817:, and addressed an RN event in 2018. 5248: 5233:. The party has shifted towards more 4974:heritage of Poujadism and espoused a 4697:Social thinking of Arthur de Gobineau 3155:In January 2019, ex-Sarkozy minister 2847:legislative election of the same year 2413:, dismissing the FN as becoming "too 2289:Front national pour l'unité française 2216:group that supports the claim of the 2050:, Marine Le Pen pursued a policy of " 1925: 1907: 1825:Social thinking of Arthur de Gobineau 369:Presidencies of Departmental Councils 188:Rassemblement national de la jeunesse 17735:Foundation of Identity and Democracy 17259: 17023:from the original on 7 November 2021 16993:from the original on 7 November 2021 16933:from the original on 7 November 2021 16903:from the original on 29 October 2021 16852: 16359:from the original on 25 October 2021 16196: 15589:from the original on 7 November 2021 15548:Tourret, Nathalie (14 August 2010). 15530:. pp. 11–13, 24. Archived from 15374: 15225:from the original on 14 January 2016 15157:from the original on 11 January 2011 15057:from the original on 7 November 2021 14721:from the original on 20 January 2020 14521: 14447:from the original on 1 December 2016 14341:Lichfield, John (27 November 2014). 14124: 14075:from the original on 20 January 2020 13412:Johannès, Franck (30 January 2021). 13329:"Net migration – France | Data" 13161:from the original on 5 February 2017 12242:from the original on 15 October 2018 12209:from the original on 15 October 2018 12008: 11973:from the original on 13 January 2015 9544:from the original on 8 December 2015 9429:from the original on 23 January 2015 9420: 9297: 8967:Tourret, Nathalie (14 August 2010). 8571: 7650:Elections to the European Parliament 7269: 6436: 5981:leader and Slovenian Prime Minister 5965:leader and Hungarian Prime Minister 5301:. In May 2015, one of her advisers, 5166:and has campaigned against allowing 3240:2024 European parliamentary election 3167:(LR) and joined the National Rally. 2948:, the National Front won two seats: 19597:Anti-immigration politics in France 17876:Union of Democrats and Independents 16813:from the original on 31 August 2019 16800: 16592: 16556:from the original on 31 August 2019 16538:"Organigramme du Front National FN" 16524: 16392:Law and Justice (7 February 2024). 16327:from the original on 2 January 2020 15721:Keating, Joshua (3 November 2011). 15244:Pabst, Sabrina (29 November 2014). 15211:Turchi, Marine (27 November 2014). 13698:. Theconversation.com. 3 May 2012. 13594:from the original on 4 October 2016 13580:Nossiter, Adam (17 November 2015). 13393:from the original on 6 January 2017 13173: 13111: 13066:from the original on 4 January 2019 12669:Malingre, Virginie (10 July 2024). 12385:from the original on 9 January 2019 12083:from the original on 23 August 2014 11505:Sulzer, Alexandre (30 April 2008). 11267:from the original on 3 January 2011 11253:Samuel, Henry (11 September 2008). 10072:from the original on 31 August 2019 9937: 8987: 8144:The party was formerly part of the 8121:The Radical Right in Western Europe 6415: 5645:. The RN has also been part of the 5505:A 2019 undercover investigation by 5501:Links with banned neo-fascist group 5213:Le Pen supports the restoration of 5119:", likening it to a "puppet of the 4457:Union Nationale Inter-universitaire 3013:the 7th arrondissement of Marseille 2264:Logo of the Italian Social Movement 1585:Union Nationale Inter-universitaire 24: 19131:Sovereignty, Identity and Freedoms 18930:Federation of Nationalist Students 18677:French National-Collectivist Party 17962: 17184: 16963:from the original on 20 March 2012 16245:from the original on 4 August 2020 16178:from the original on 18 April 2020 15950:from the original on 15 March 2017 15790:from the original on 14 April 2020 15764:from the original on 29 April 2017 15680:Powell, Domenic (14 August 2012). 15324:from the original on 26 March 2015 15293:from the original on 17 March 2015 15189:from the original on 13 April 2017 14747:from the original on 23 April 2021 13702:from the original on 28 March 2019 13309:from the original on 11 March 2011 13039:from the original on 4 August 2020 12875:from the original on 7 August 2016 12437:from the original on 16 March 2021 12302:McNicholl, Tracy (11 March 2018), 12195:Herreros, Romain (11 March 2018). 11704:from the original on 27 April 2011 11677:from the original on 10 March 2011 11618:from the original on 24 April 2019 11585:from the original on 16 March 2011 11552:from the original on 18 March 2010 11187:. Oxford University. p. 356. 10432:from the original on 23 March 2017 10054:"Chronologie du Front National FN" 9783: 9759:Barbière, Cécile (16 April 2019). 9707:from the original on 11 March 2018 9670:Cohen, Dinah (22 September 2023). 9641: 9457:from the original on 23 March 2021 9421:Craw, Victoria (23 January 2015). 9360: 9332: 8929:from the original on 4 August 2020 8879:from the original on 10 March 2011 8816:from the original on 27 April 2011 6261:, first vice president (2011–2014) 6249: 6019:leader and Israeli Prime Minister 5898:IMRO – Bulgarian National Movement 5746:, and other movements such as the 5669:group with Fidesz, Vox, the Czech 4028:"The Future of the Intelligentsia" 3125:, led by the radical-right lawyer 2826:for Le Pen's 2007 presidential bid 2549:, netting over 30% in some areas. 2468:Electoral breakthrough (1982–1988) 2162:Le cercle national des combattants 1156:"The Future of the Intelligentsia" 25: 19678: 18512:Mémoires : fils de la nation 17610:Other parliamentary group members 17383: 16512:from the original on 16 June 2019 15733:from the original on 27 July 2014 15356:from the original on 4 April 2015 15312:Mestre, Abel (23 November 2014). 14993:from the original on 20 July 2006 14611:Journal of European Public Policy 14435:Harding, Luke (8 December 2014). 14139:from the original on 30 July 2011 14125:Rohr, Mathieu von (7 July 2011). 13759:from the original on 10 July 2021 13733:from the original on 5 April 2015 13555:Khan-Ruf, Safya (22 April 2022). 13517:Belgacem, Assia (22 April 2022). 13379:Shorto, Russell (29 April 2011). 13008:from the original on 2 March 2017 12977:from the original on 1 March 2017 12895:"Parties and Elections in Europe" 12754:from the original on 30 June 2024 12546:from the original on 28 June 2021 12411:from the original on 4 April 2021 12176:from the original on 7 March 2019 12052:from the original on 2 April 2015 12021:from the original on 11 June 2019 11912:from the original on 2 April 2015 11881:from the original on 7 April 2014 11825:from the original on 2 April 2015 11763:from the original on 12 July 2012 11737:from the original on 22 June 2018 11650:from the original on 14 July 2011 9520:from the original on 20 July 2018 9033:from the original on 14 June 2018 8858:from the original on 2 March 2017 8795:from the original on 1 March 2017 8290:from the original on 17 July 2018 6200:Member of the European Parliament 6157:Member of the European Parliament 5987:2022 French presidential election 5961:In October 2021, Le Pen met with 5854:2019 European Parliament election 5663:2024 European Parliament election 5641:and a former member of Romania's 5497:, though this has not coalesced. 5330: 5321:2022 French presidential election 5198:. The party has advocated closer 5090: 4958:The National Rally is considered 4339:French Agrarian and Peasant Party 3202:2022 French presidential election 3159:and former conservative lawmaker 3087:was re-elected. FN's 23-year-old 3081:following parliamentary elections 3049:2014 European Parliament election 2443:(PS), a results that brought the 1970:, advocating significant cuts to 1467:French Agrarian and Peasant Party 341:Presidencies of Regional Councils 19000:Revolutionary Nationalist Groups 17617: 17594: 17582: 17570: 17558: 17546: 17534: 17522: 17510: 17498: 17301:. Rome: CISE. pp. 181–188. 17264:(in French). Les Indes Savantes. 17233:Modern & Contemporary France 17035: 17005: 16975: 16945: 16915: 16885: 16794: 16767: 16737: 16707: 16677: 16647: 16617: 16586: 16580:ici, par France Bleu et France 3 16568: 16494: 16476: 16458: 16440: 16422: 16404: 16385: 16371: 16339: 16307: 16275: 16257: 16231: 16213: 16190: 16164: 16146: 16128: 16110: 16092: 16074: 16062:from the original on 24 May 2019 16048: 16030: 16012: 15973: 15962: 15930: 15912: 15894: 15876: 15862: 15848: 15834: 15822:from the original on 4 June 2020 15802: 15776: 15745: 15714: 15673: 15647:from the original on 21 May 2019 15627: 15601: 15568: 15541: 15510: 15484: 15426: 15410:Kostov, Nick (8 December 2023). 15403: 15368: 15305: 15169: 15138: 15111: 15099:from the original on 19 May 2021 15081: 15037: 14973: 14935: 14909: 14891: 14841: 14815: 14803:from the original on 19 May 2021 14785: 14759: 14733: 14703: 14655: 14602: 14584: 14566: 14548: 14536:from the original on 16 May 2015 14402: 14376: 14359: 14311: 14293: 14275: 14257: 14239: 14225: 14211: 14190: 14172: 14151: 14087: 14061: 14049:from the original on 18 May 2013 13958: 13944: 13918: 13877: 13859: 13841: 13823: 13804:Brunet, Romain (29 March 2023). 13797: 13771: 13745: 13714: 13606: 13573: 13567: 13548: 13529: 13510: 13496: 13474: 13454: 13405: 13347: 13335:from the original on 19 May 2021 13321: 13288: 13216: 13198: 13142: 13105: 13078: 13058:Taylor, Kyle (24 January 2017). 13051: 12887: 12861: 12788: 12766: 12696: 12681: 12662: 12636: 12610: 12584: 12558: 12527: 12515:from the original on 19 May 2021 12501: 12489:from the original on 19 May 2021 12475: 12463:from the original on 19 May 2021 12449: 12423: 12397: 12371: 12343: 12319: 12295: 12261:Nossiter, Adam (10 March 2018). 12221: 12188: 12158: 12138: 12095: 12064: 12033: 12002: 11985: 11955: 11943:from the original on 29 May 2014 11924: 11893: 11863: 11837: 11782:Fouquet, Helene (17 June 2012). 11775: 11749: 11689: 11662: 11630: 11531: 11498: 11473: 11461:from the original on 22 May 2011 11440: 11064: 9740:from the original on 1 June 2018 9481:. lemonde.fr. 24 February 2005. 9189:Ivaldi, Gilles (18 April 2016). 8954:from the original on 8 July 2020 8892:Lichfield, John (1 March 2015). 8604:. University of Michigan Press. 8487:from the original on 7 July 2015 8352:from the original on 8 July 2024 8321:from the original on 3 July 2024 8255: 8242: 8233: 8158:Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty 7989: 7972: 7971: 7939: 7938: 7901: 7900: 7868: 7867: 7833: 7832: 7800: 7799: 7765: 7764: 7731: 7625: 7624: 7580: 7579: 7535: 7534: 7490: 7489: 7450: 7449: 7402: 7401: 7353: 7255: 7241: 7217: 7204: 7203: 7177: 7176: 7145: 7144: 7121: 7120: 7107: 7106: 7079: 7053: 7052: 7009: 7008: 6936: 6935: 6895: 6894: 6859: 6858: 6823: 6822: 6783: 6749: 6748: 6713: 6712: 6677: 6676: 6641: 6640: 6605: 6604: 6570: 6537: 6504: 6218: 6167: 6108: 6009:2024 French legislative election 5719:("right-wing") movement and the 5665:, the National Rally joined the 5587:Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty 5395: 5368:Electoral reform and referendums 5040:2024 French legislative election 4852: 4722: 4710: 3349: 3291:2024 French legislative election 3281:2024 French legislative election 3209:2022 French legislative election 2251: 2242: 2115:snap French legislative election 1850: 1838: 477: 61: 18995:Rassemblement National Français 17463: 16582:(in French). 12 September 2021. 15575:Phillips, Leigh (9 June 2011). 15145:Primor, Adar (7 January 2011). 14923:from the original on 1 May 2021 13204:Samuel, Henry (15 April 2022). 13186:Samuel, Henry (14 April 2022). 13123:Samuel, Henry (24 April 2022). 12724:Barbarit, Simon (3 July 2024). 12349:Ganley, Elaine (10 March 2018) 12228:Willsher, Kim (12 March 2018). 12126:from the original on 9 May 2017 12071:Meichtry, Stacy (26 May 2014). 11931:Meichtry, Stacy (25 May 2014). 11900:Samuel, Henry (23 March 2014). 11696:Bamat, Joseph (23 April 2011). 11538:Samuel, Henry (15 March 2010). 11447:Riché, Pascal (29 April 2008). 10697: 10418:Birch, Jonah (19 August 2015). 10411: 10384: 10045: 9931: 9846: 9830:(in French). 12 February 2020. 9816: 9752: 9615: 9591:John Lichfield (1 March 2015). 9584: 9558: 9499: 9387: 9250: 9224: 9182: 9176: 9133: 9090: 9045: 8808:Bamat, Joseph (23 April 2011). 8475:Taylor, Adam (8 January 2015). 8224: 8215: 8205: 8171: 8154:Technical Group of Independents 6947: 6129:National Front for French Unity 6032:The executive bureau features: 5597:group, which also includes the 5583:Technical Group of Independents 5537:funds which were earmarked for 5243:2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel 4422:Initiative and Liberty Movement 3123:Rassemblement National Français 2971:Electoral successes (2012–2017) 2285:National Front for French Unity 1550:Initiative and Liberty Movement 32:National Rally (disambiguation) 18421:Europe of Nations and Freedom 16869:. European Election Database. 15147:"The daughter as de-demonizer" 14767:"L'OTAN vue par Marine le Pen" 14035:James, Barry (23 April 2002). 13966:"Le Pen and his feminine side" 13778:Conesa, Elsa (18 April 2022). 13616:John Lichfield (26 May 2014). 13295:Squires, Nick (8 March 2011). 13230:. 7 April 2016. Archived from 12871:. Lefigaro.fr. 13 April 2015. 12534:Willsher, Kim (27 June 2021). 12325:Willsher, Kim (10 March 2018) 11723:Samuel, Henry (17 June 2012). 10704:Fabre, Clarisse (4 May 2002). 9941:Political parties of the world 9800:(in French). 29 January 2021. 9625:. France24.com. Archived from 9052:Ivaldi, Gilles (18 May 2016). 9018: 8729:. London: Palgrave Macmillan. 8702:Mudde, Cas (25 October 2019). 8557:. Princeton University Press. 8441: 8378: 8364: 8309:Corbet, Sylvie (3 July 2024). 8275: 8138: 7732: 7354: 7256: 7242: 7218: 7080: 6784: 6571: 6538: 6505: 6337:Dominique Chaboche (1973–1976) 6233:Acting since 13 September 2021 6127:Jean-Marie Le Pen founded the 5912:to join the ID Party in 2024. 5044:2023 French pension reform law 4895: 3191:2021 French regional elections 2912:2015 French regional elections 2463:Jean-Marie Le Pen's leadership 2359:Revolutionary Communist League 2228: 2027:was elected as her successor. 1948:parliamentary opposition party 1938:political party, described as 449:and does not oppose democracy. 13: 1: 19657:National conservative parties 19647:Eurosceptic parties in France 19637:1972 establishments in France 19632:Right-wing populism in France 19457:Active publications and media 18727:Revolutionary Social Movement 16867:"France: Elections 1990–2010" 15517:Mareš, Miroslav (July 2006). 14623:10.1080/13501763.2020.1754885 12102:Nossiter, Adam (7 May 2017). 8687:10.1080/0031322X.2015.1069063 8654:10.1080/01419870.2015.1016071 8390:Twenty-First Century Populism 8268: 8162:Europe of Nations and Freedom 6340:Victor Barthélémy (1976–1978) 6079: 6064:(deputy regional councilor), 6027: 5820:The FN allied with the Dutch 5771:U.S. House of Representatives 5754:(Belgian Flanders), Germany ( 5736:European Alliance for Freedom 5495:Russia's annexation of Crimea 5376:in France, claiming that the 5129:accession of Turkey to the EU 3131:presidential campaign in 1965 2930:and joined the more moderate 2885:Revival of the FN (2011–2012) 2336:Front national de la jeunesse 2120: 2110:European Parliament elections 1909:[ʁasɑ̃bləmɑ̃nɑsjɔnal] 19622:Right-wing parties in France 19111:National Republican Movement 18646:Antisemitic League of France 18584:Far-right politics in France 17245:10.1080/09639489.2012.691290 17080:. Harvard University Press. 17078:Far-Right Politics in Europe 14522:Vaux, Pierre (14 May 2015). 13721:Henry Astier (16 May 2014). 12899:www.parties-and-elections.eu 11967:International Business Times 11669:Frosch, Jon (7 March 2011). 10391:White, John Kenneth (1998). 10316:, pp. 179–180, 185–187. 9140:Forchtner, Bernhard (2020). 8871:Frosch, Jon (7 March 2011). 8340:Kirby, Paul (30 June 2024). 5811:White House Chief Strategist 5647:Identity and Democracy Party 5615:Freedom and Direct Democracy 4883:capital punishment in France 4384:Union for a Popular Movement 3144:During that party congress, 3127:Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour 3033:International Business Times 2932:European Alliance of Freedom 2804:Union for a Popular Movement 2763:National Republican Movement 2506:20th arrondissement of Paris 2171:Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour 2137:movement founded in 1953 by 2102:2022 parliamentary elections 1512:Union for a Popular Movement 437: 7: 19627:Right-wing populist parties 19071:Equality and Reconciliation 18733:Service d'ordre légionnaire 17776:political parties in France 17352:Simmons, Harvey G. (1996). 17114:DeClair, Edward G. (1999). 16751:(in French). Archived from 16721:(in French). Archived from 16691:(in French). Archived from 16661:(in French). Archived from 16631:(in French). Archived from 15609:"Marine Le Pen en Autriche" 15398:want when we are in power.' 15352:(in French). 3 April 2015. 15053:(in French). 24 June 2009. 14989:(in French). 13 July 2006. 13268:Kitschelt & McGann 1997 10534:Kitschelt & McGann 1997 10451:Kitschelt & McGann 1997 10028:Kitschelt & McGann 1997 8988:Van, Sonia (29 July 2011). 8749:Simmons, Harvey G. (1996). 8109: 7631:Leftist Union + Ecologists 6204:National Assembly of France 6153:National Assembly of France 5374:proportional representation 5362:Russian invasion of Ukraine 5261:has been subjugated by the 5065: 3323: 3178:, former LR officials, and 2777:Presidential run-off (2002) 2423:European Parliament in 1979 1966:presidential elections. It 1946:. It is the single largest 1920:from 1972 to 2018 (French: 10: 19683: 19652:French nationalist parties 18975:Organisation Armée Secrète 18920:European Rally for Liberty 17061: 15436:. Reuters. 8 December 2023 13213:. Retrieved 17 April 2022. 13195:. Retrieved 17 April 2022. 12692:. 10 July 2024. p. 2. 12009:John, Mark (25 May 2014). 11646:(in French). 26 May 2011. 7361:Union for French Democracy 6427:2017 presidential election 5979:Slovenian Democratic Party 5938:following the decision by 5657:, which was later renamed 5286:that the National Front's 5072:2002 legislative elections 5049: 4965: 4925:net legal immigration rate 4322:VIA, the Way of the People 4057:The Tears of the White Man 3939:The Genius of Christianity 3278: 3226: 3058: 2939:2012 presidential election 2888: 2880:Marine Le Pen's leadership 2843:2007 presidential election 2822:National advertisement in 2808:2002 legislative elections 2791:2002 presidential election 2744:1997 legislative elections 2678:1995 presidential election 2674:1993 legislative elections 2614:1988 legislative elections 2607:1988 presidential election 2554:1986 legislative elections 2502:Union for French Democracy 2430:1981 presidential election 2419:1978 legislative elections 2379:revolutionary nationalists 2365:FN–PFN rivalry (1973–1981) 2343:1974 presidential election 2332:1973 legislative elections 2281:1973 legislative elections 2223: 2167:1965 presidential election 2090:2017 presidential election 1450:VIA, the Way of the People 1185:The Tears of the White Man 1067:The Genius of Christianity 114:Parliamentary party leader 36: 29: 19533: 19456: 19410: 19149: 19018: 18900: 18749: 18631: 18590: 18522: 18503: 18488:Blue, White and Red Rally 18474: 18405: 18396:Rassemblement bleu Marine 18387: 18380: 18317:Rassemblement bleu Marine 18314: 18282: 18255: 18228: 18161: 18054: 18003: 17972: 17912: 17889: 17861: 17838: 17805: 17782: 17728: 17702: 17678: 17652: 17636: 17609: 17490: 17483: 17473: 16201:. Srpskanarodnapartija.rs 16197:Име* (12 November 2021). 12598:(in French). 12 June 2022 11481:"Encyclopedia Britannica" 11181:"National Front (France)" 9294:, pp. 46, 56 and 71. 8942:Polakow-Suransky, Sasha. 8669:Mondon, Aurelien (2015). 8642:Ethnic and Racial Studies 8007:Congress of New Caledonia 7995:Run in a joint list with 7919: 7839: 7684: 7547: 7495: 7412: 7407: 7321: 7164: 7040: 6966: 6963: 6960: 6957: 6954: 6796: 6479: 6391:Steeve Briois (2017–2018) 6346:Pierre Gérard (1980–1981) 6343:Alain Renault (1978–1980) 6315:Steeve Briois (2018–2022) 6242: 6217: 6214: 6185: 6166: 6163: 6126: 6107: 6104: 5637:, a former member of the 5635:Congress of the New Right 5307:Donetsk People's Republic 5227:Israel-Palestine conflict 4443:Nouvelle Action Royaliste 3275:2024 legislative election 3189:In the months before the 2946:2012 legislative election 2584:Consolidation (1988–1997) 2454:1981 legislative election 1571:Nouvelle Action Royaliste 416: 400: 395: 381: 367: 353: 339: 325: 311: 297: 286: 274:European Parliament group 272: 260: 254:Rassemblement bleu Marine 249: 237: 214: 203: 193: 181: 166: 156: 138: 124: 113: 87: 77: 69: 60: 48: 19411:Ideologies and movements 17797:New Anticapitalist Party 17693:Von der Leyen Commission 17017:Minister of the Interior 16987:Minister of the Interior 16957:Minister of the Interior 16927:Minister of the Interior 16897:Minister of the Interior 16199:"Српска народна партија" 15526:. Brno, Czech Republic: 14351:. London. Archived from 13991:Camus & Lebourg 2017 12856:Camus & Lebourg 2017 12824:Camus & Lebourg 2017 12794:Scholarly descriptions: 12748:Ministère de l'Intérieur 12332:15 February 2021 at the 11643:French Interior Ministry 10302:Camus & Lebourg 2017 10278:Camus & Lebourg 2017 8543:Camus & Lebourg 2017 8398:10.1057/9780230592100_11 8317:. The Associated Press. 8131: 6334:Alain Robert (1972–1973) 5969:, Polish Prime Minister 5828:, the new leader of the 5703:Freedom Party of Austria 5599:Freedom Party of Austria 5563:National Political Union 5469:Czecho-Russian bank loan 5219:Lebanese economic crisis 5200:France–Morocco relations 5172:2010–2011 Ivorian crisis 4519:Service d'Action Civique 4019:Enquête sur la monarchie 3919:Considerations on France 3477:Catholic social teaching 3331:This article is part of 3266:Lega per Salvini Premier 3217:parliamentary opposition 2689:1995 municipal elections 2494:1983 municipal elections 2435:The election was won by 2411:French Nationalist Party 1988:economic interventionism 1647:Service d'Action Civique 1147:Enquête sur la monarchie 1047:Considerations on France 605:Catholic social teaching 459:This article is part of 383:Departmental Councillors 53: 19592:National Rally (France) 18940:Front Algérie Française 18055:Presidential candidates 18020:Marie-Christine Arnautu 17705:at the European Council 17260:Joly, Bertrand (2008). 17158:Shields, James (2007). 16773:AFP (30 November 2014) 14857:. Politics.as.nyu.edu. 13062:. Pew Research Center. 13033:The Wall Street Journal 12776:. Euronews. 2 July 2024 12077:The Wall Street Journal 11937:The Wall Street Journal 9938:Day, Alan John (2002). 9417:Devil of the Republic: 9373:Encyclopædia Britannica 8923:The Wall Street Journal 8572:Joly, Bertrand (2008). 6431:2019 European elections 6423:2014 European elections 6396:Elected representatives 6271:Marie-Christine Arnautu 5740:Heinz-Christian Strache 5732:Heinz-Christian Strache 5611:Alternative for Germany 5559:Italian Social Movement 5545:International relations 5350: 5221:. The party supports a 5056:Paris Climate Agreement 4771:Members of the party's 4717:Conservatism portal 4507:Independent Republicans 4354:Independent Republicans 4047:Violence and the Sacred 3959:St Petersburg Dialogues 3098:left the FN and formed 2921:2011 cantonal elections 2874:2010 regional elections 2836:2004 European elections 2832:2004 regional elections 2638:1989 European elections 2631:1988 cantonal elections 2547:1985 cantonal elections 2522:1984 European elections 2500:(RPR) and the centrist 2297:Italian Social Movement 1845:Conservatism portal 1635:Independent Republicans 1482:Independent Republicans 1175:Violence and the Sacred 1087:St Petersburg Dialogues 239:Political position 170:114 bis rue Michel-Ange 18:Front National (France) 19570:Algiers putsch of 1961 19556:6 February 1934 crisis 19121:Rassemblement National 19061:Carrefour de l'Horloge 18722:National Popular Rally 18237:Marion Maréchal-Le Pen 17815:French Communist Party 17679:European Commissioners 17210:Davies, Peter (1999). 17095:Davies, Peter (2012). 16749:Rassemblement National 16719:Rassemblement National 16689:Rassemblement National 16659:Rassemblement National 16629:Rassemblement National 16536:De Boissieu, Laurent. 16506:Rassemblement National 12151:9 January 2018 at the 11996:14 August 2015 at the 11789:Bloomberg Businessweek 11074:. Archives.lesoir.be. 10052:De Boissieu, Laurent. 9236:Rassemblement National 8725:Rydgren, Jens (2008). 8212:departments threefold. 8166:Identity and Democracy 8126:Radical right (Europe) 7409:Rally for the Republic 7303:Regional presidencies 6060:(regional councilor), 5944:Bharatiya Janata Party 5906:Serbian People's Party 5595:Identity and Democracy 5515:Christelle Lechevalier 5215:France-Syria relations 5082:had 36%, and Chirac's 4905: 4890:prostitution in France 4869:on re-introducing the 4776: 4688: 4517: 4498: 4489: 4480: 4471: 4455: 4441: 4427: 4414:Carrefour de l'Horloge 4405: 4369:Rally for the Republic 4292:Future with Confidence 3606: 3579: 3542: 3506: 3487: 3438: 3414: 3376: 3342:Conservatism in France 3287:union of the far-right 3119:Rassemblement national 3115:Rassemblement national 3044: 2915: 2903: 2827: 2786: 2771:1999 European election 2739: 2577:the regional elections 2498:Rally for the Republic 2490:tournant de la rigueur 2480: 2315:'s and Alain Robert's 2234:Foundation (1972–1973) 2220:to the French throne. 2210:Restauration Nationale 2202: 2191: 2183: 2175: 2161: 2155: 2083:European Economic Area 2063:Rassemblement National 1927:[fʁɔ̃nɑsjɔnal] 1921: 1901:Rassemblement national 1900: 1816: 1645: 1626: 1617: 1608: 1599: 1583: 1569: 1555: 1542:Carrefour de l'Horloge 1533: 1497:Rally for the Republic 1420:Future with Confidence 734: 707: 670: 634: 615: 566: 542: 504: 470:Conservatism in France 144:; 51 years ago 54:Rassemblement National 27:French political party 18651:Breton National Party 17475:Parliamentary group: 17333:Parliamentary Affairs 17290:Russo, Luana (2014). 17269:Mayer, Nonna (2013). 17045:. Elections.bfmtv.com 16320:The Telegraph (India) 15414:. Wall Street Journal 15050:Le Nouvel Observateur 14473:Le Nouvel Observateur 13488:. 14 September 2013. 13362:29 April 2017 at the 12840:6 August 2020 at the 12803:Mayer, Nonna (2013). 12356:4 August 2020 at the 10018:, pp. 31, 36–37. 9203:10.3917/pouv.157.0115 8708:John Wiley & Sons 8675:Patterns of Prejudice 8621:Parliamentary Affairs 8576:. Les Indes Savantes. 8528:. Éditions du Seuil. 5894:Krasimir Karakachanov 5841:UK Independence Party 5760:Slovak National Party 5744:UK Independence Party 5639:UK Independence Party 5631:Danish People's Party 5593:. It was part of the 5384:and green politician 5267:Revolution of Dignity 5239:2023 Israel–Hamas war 5176:2011 Libyan civil war 4935:Islam and immigration 4903: 4885:if she were elected. 4843:national conservative 4819:Pierre-André Taguieff 4770: 4678:Immigrant criminality 4658:Clerical philosophers 4374:Republican Federation 4037:The Reign of Quantity 3715:Blanc de Saint-Bonnet 3630:Thermidorian Reaction 3588:Traditional authority 3392:Political Catholicism 3176:Nicolas Dupont-Aignan 3067:presidential election 3042: 2909: 2898: 2821: 2784: 2734: 2475: 1806:Immigrant criminality 1786:Clerical philosophers 1502:Republican Federation 1165:The Reign of Quantity 843:Blanc de Saint-Bonnet 758:Thermidorian Reaction 716:Traditional authority 520:Political Catholicism 403:rassemblementnational 19445:Révolution nationale 18945:Groupe Union Défense 18910:Charles Martel Group 18740:Solidarité Française 18682:French Popular Party 18170:Jean-Pierre Stirbois 17920:Miscellaneous centre 16801:AFP (16 June 2019). 16593:AFP (12 July 2012). 16174:. 29 November 2014. 16124:. 18 September 2023. 16088:. 23 September 2022. 15025:on 30 September 2007 14355:on 11 February 2015. 11519:on 27 September 2011 10397:. SUNY. p. 38. 10369:, pp. 182, 198. 10292:, pp. 181, 184. 10212:, pp. 177, 185. 10006:, pp. 159, 169. 9029:(in French). Slate. 8422:. 18 September 2016. 8250:Saint-Gilles-du-Gard 6410:National Rally group 6350:Jean-Pierre Stirbois 5773:associated with the 5192:United Arab Emirates 5187:Abdel Fattah El-Sisi 5027:economic nationalism 4668:French–German enmity 4067:The Tyranny of Guilt 3969:Democracy in America 3667:Second French Empire 3416:Révolution nationale 2566:Agence France-Presse 2488:' "austerity turn" ( 2383:Jean-Pierre Stirbois 2319:; the anti-Gaullist 2185:Groupe Union Défense 1796:French–German enmity 1195:The Tyranny of Guilt 1097:Democracy in America 795:Second French Empire 544:Révolution nationale 355:Regional Councillors 262:European affiliation 250:National affiliation 30:For other uses, see 19546:Franco-Prussian War 19292:Le Pen (Jean-Marie) 19101:League of the South 19091:Generation Identity 18980:Party of New Forces 18960:Nouvelle Résistance 18716:Mouvement Franciste 18702:Ligue des Patriotes 18688:Jeunesses Patriotes 18362:Paul-Marie Coûteaux 18348:Miscellaneous right 18283:Leadership election 18229:Chamber of Deputies 18202:Jean-François Jalkh 18162:General Secretaries 18036:Jean-François Jalkh 17924:Miscellaneous right 17853:Democratic Movement 17820:La France Insoumise 17703:Heads of government 17669:European Parliament 17653:European Parliament 17477:Patriots for Europe 17120:. Duke University. 16755:on 11 November 2013 16725:on 11 November 2013 16665:on 10 November 2013 16635:on 11 November 2013 16355:. 22 October 2021. 16323:. 28 October 2019. 16291:. 29 October 2019. 16241:. 2 December 2018. 15926:. 13 November 2013. 15872:. 15 December 2013. 15844:. 13 November 2013. 15289:. 8 December 2014. 14949:on 3 September 2013 14919:. 4 February 2021. 14743:. 6 November 2019. 14717:. 16 January 2019. 14370:6 July 2015 at the 14204:. 25 October 2016. 14186:. 15 December 2020. 14071:. 16 January 2019. 13255:, pp. 177–185. 11730:The Daily Telegraph 11614:. 16 January 2011. 11581:. 15 January 2011. 11386:, pp. 291–293. 11152:, pp. 277–279. 10933:, pp. 247–249. 10885:, pp. 235–237. 9967:, pp. 163–164. 9572:on 19 November 2015 9404:on 15 February 2018 9111:2019WIRCC..10E.604F 8481:The Washington Post 7653: 7644:European Parliament 7638:European Parliament 7278: 7030:did not participate 6445: 6374:Jean-François Jalkh 6326:General Secretaries 6277:Jean-François Jalkh 6011:, Israeli minister 5993:in February 2024. 5929:Patriots for Europe 5667:Patriots for Europe 5619:Dutch Freedom Party 5551:European Parliament 5539:European Parliament 5511:Generation Identity 5426:concentration camps 5345:European Commission 5325:Russo-Ukrainian War 5139:, both in the 1991 5060:European Green Deal 4573:La Nation française 4349:Movement for France 4344:French Social Party 4159:Political positions 4149:Le Pen (Jean-Marie) 3770:Fustel de Coulanges 3657:Bourbon Restoration 3652:Second White Terror 3397:Christian democracy 3246:Patriots for Europe 3195:la droite populaire 3106:and abandoning the 2814:Decline (2003–2010) 2748:metropolitan France 2496:, the centre-right 2437:François Mitterrand 2399:Jean-Yves Le Gallou 2371:Party of New Forces 1976:illegal immigration 1968:opposes immigration 1940:right-wing populist 1701:La Nation française 1477:Movement for France 1472:French Social Party 1287:Political positions 1277:Le Pen (Jean-Marie) 898:Fustel de Coulanges 785:Bourbon Restoration 780:Second White Terror 525:Christian democracy 327:European Parliament 279:Patriots for Europe 229:Right-wing populism 142:5 October 1972 120:(National Assembly) 19465:Boulevard Voltaire 18985:Phalange Française 17916:Miscellaneous left 17412:7 May 2017 at the 17356:. Westview Press. 17318:on 27 October 2014 16780:9 May 2015 at the 16695:on 14 October 2014 16418:. 26 January 2024. 16381:. 5 February 2022. 16288:The New York Times 16142:. 2 February 2024. 15611:. Front National. 15537:on 18 August 2011. 15528:Masaryk University 14307:. 5 November 2023. 14289:. 22 October 2023. 14251:Morocco World News 14235:. 19 January 2023. 14221:. 17 October 2023. 14042:The New York Times 13587:The New York Times 13386:The New York Times 13002:The New York Times 12690:Le Canard Enchaîné 12269:The New York Times 12144:Louise Nordstorm, 12111:The New York Times 10268:, p. 180–184. 9540:. 20 August 2015. 9442:Holocaust denial: 8852:The New York Times 8753:. Westview Press. 7642: 7274: 6441: 6408:as members of the 6404:. They sit in the 6048:(vice-president), 6044:(vice-president), 6040:(vice-president), 6021:Benjamin Netanyahu 5971:Mateusz Morawiecki 5775:Tea Party movement 5701:. The significant 5653:and the Bulgarian 5643:Conservative Party 5486:Reinhard Bütikofer 5430:Court of Cassation 5293:Nouvel Observateur 5249:Russia and Ukraine 5223:two-state solution 5170:. During both the 4906: 4837:) and social (the 4777: 4663:European New Right 4587:Le Figaro Magazine 4552:Famille chrétienne 4429:La Manif pour tous 4077:The French Suicide 3690:Barbey d'Aurevilly 3640:Companions of Jehu 3635:First White Terror 3482:Counter-revolution 3366:French nationalism 3264:, and the Italian 3045: 3025:Camaret-sur-Aigues 2916: 2904: 2828: 2787: 2740: 2661:affaire du foulard 2656:Ayatollah Khomeini 2481: 1791:European New Right 1715:Le Figaro Magazine 1680:Famille chrétienne 1557:La Manif pour tous 1205:The French Suicide 818:Barbey d'Aurevilly 768:Companions of Jehu 763:First White Terror 610:Counter-revolution 494:French nationalism 421:Politics of France 224:French nationalism 19612:Jean-Marie Le Pen 19579: 19578: 19387:Tixier-Vignancour 18955:L'Œuvre Française 18832:Drieu La Rochelle 18550: 18549: 18468:Jean-Marie Le Pen 18434: 18433: 18430: 18429: 18028:Florian Philippot 17985:Jean-Marie Le Pen 17930: 17929: 17741: 17740: 17632: 17631: 17345:10.1093/pa/gss076 17308:978-88-98012-15-2 17223:978-0-415-15866-4 17202:978-1-78093-343-6 17175:978-0-415-37200-8 17150:978-0-472-08441-8 17127:978-0-8223-2139-2 17106:978-1-134-72530-4 16502:"Bureau Exécutif" 16490:. 7 October 2024. 15946:. 14 March 2017. 15375:Harrison, David. 15185:. 12 April 2017. 14799:. 14 March 2017. 14271:. 8 October 2023. 14005:, pp. 282 f. 13755:. 23 April 2017. 13234:on 28 August 2017 13210:Irish Independent 12869:"Jean-Yves Camus" 12858:, pp. 12–13. 12650:. 16 October 2022 12433:. 12 March 2021. 12172:. 11 March 2018. 11969:. 31 March 2014. 11877:. 31 March 2014. 11398:, pp. 292 f. 11347:, pp. 288 f. 11234:, pp. 280 f. 11194:978-0-19-920516-5 11140:, pp. 271 f. 11099:, pp. 264 f. 10996:, pp. 262 f. 10984:, pp. 260 f. 10909:, pp. 236 f. 10822:, pp. 223 f. 10664:, pp. 64–66. 10453:, pp. 95–98. 10404:978-0-7914-4067-4 10156:, pp. 174 f. 10144:, pp. 173 f. 9951:978-0-9536278-7-5 9928:, pp. 13–17. 9916:, pp. 27–31. 9904:, pp. 25–27. 9892:, pp. 21–24. 9880:, pp. 31–35. 9703:. 11 March 2018. 9393:Softening image: 9221:, pp. 46–55. 9157:978-1-351-10402-9 9071:978-1-317-41978-5 8633:10.1093/pa/gss071 8458:. 21 April 2014. 8407:978-1-349-28476-4 8152:(1989–1994), the 8148:(1984–1989), the 8107: 8106: 7985: 7984: 7686:Jean-Marie Le Pen 7635: 7634: 7323:Jean-Marie Le Pen 7276:Regional councils 7270:Regional councils 7267: 7266: 7042:Jean-Marie Le Pen 6998:Jean-Marie Le Pen 6945: 6944: 6481:Jean-Marie Le Pen 6443:National Assembly 6437:National Assembly 6406:National Assembly 6283:Florian Philippot 6247: 6246: 6234: 6115:Jean-Marie Le Pen 6074:Jean-Paul Garraud 6056:(spokesperson), 5977:(PiS) party, and 5936:Jammu and Kashmir 5873:Brothers of Italy 5822:Party for Freedom 5758:), and Slovakia ( 5673:, the Portuguese 5613:(AfD), the Czech 5579:National Alliance 5418:Nazi gas chambers 5341:Council of the EU 5229:and welcomed the 5010:, to one between 4765: 4764: 4729:France portal 4673:French Revolution 4632:Valeurs actuelles 4134:de La Tour du Pin 3999:What Is a Nation? 3625:War in the Vendée 3314:New Popular Front 3306:absolute majority 3252:and the Austrian 3213:National Assembly 3184:Arnaud Montebourg 3161:Jean-Paul Garraud 3096:Florian Philippot 3017:Villers-Cotterêts 2961:François Hollande 2685:absolute majority 2593:, one of the new 2477:Jean-Marie Le Pen 2450:absolute majority 2313:François Brigneau 2143:Charles de Gaulle 2133:, small business 2106:National Assembly 2011:Jean-Marie Le Pen 1972:legal immigration 1952:National Assembly 1893: 1892: 1857:France portal 1801:French Revolution 1760:Valeurs actuelles 1262:de La Tour du Pin 1127:What Is a Nation? 753:War in the Vendée 454: 453: 426:Political parties 299:National Assembly 210:100,000 (claimed) 129:Jean-Marie Le Pen 16:(Redirected from 19674: 19513:Radio Courtoisie 19494: 19150:Post-1945 people 19081:The Nationalists 19066:Debout la France 19026:Action Française 18903:post-1945 groups 18640:Action Française 18577: 18570: 18563: 18554: 18553: 18543:(wife 1960–1987) 18541:Pierrette Le Pen 18461: 18454: 18447: 18438: 18437: 18423: 18416: 18398: 18385: 18384: 18373: 18365: 18357: 18350: 18343: 18342: 18329: 18318: 18307: 18306: 18293: 18275: 18267: 18248: 18240: 18221: 18213: 18205: 18197: 18189: 18181: 18173: 18154: 18142: 18130: 18118: 18106: 18094: 18082: 18070: 18047: 18039: 18031: 18023: 18015: 17996: 17988: 17976: 17966: 17957: 17950: 17943: 17934: 17933: 17768: 17761: 17754: 17745: 17744: 17719:European Council 17655:Group Presidents 17622: 17621: 17599: 17598: 17587: 17586: 17575: 17574: 17563: 17562: 17551: 17550: 17539: 17538: 17527: 17526: 17515: 17514: 17503: 17502: 17488: 17487: 17467: 17458: 17451: 17444: 17435: 17434: 17403: 17400: 17395: 17394: 17392:Official website 17379: 17367: 17348: 17327: 17325: 17323: 17317: 17311:. Archived from 17296: 17286: 17284: 17282: 17273:. Archived from 17265: 17256: 17227: 17206: 17179: 17154: 17131: 17110: 17091: 17074:Lebourg, Nicolas 17070:Camus, Jean-Yves 17055: 17054: 17052: 17050: 17039: 17033: 17032: 17030: 17028: 17009: 17003: 17002: 17000: 16998: 16979: 16973: 16972: 16970: 16968: 16949: 16943: 16942: 16940: 16938: 16919: 16913: 16912: 16910: 16908: 16889: 16883: 16882: 16880: 16878: 16863: 16850: 16844: 16823: 16822: 16820: 16818: 16798: 16792: 16786: 16771: 16765: 16764: 16762: 16760: 16741: 16735: 16734: 16732: 16730: 16711: 16705: 16704: 16702: 16700: 16681: 16675: 16674: 16672: 16670: 16651: 16645: 16644: 16642: 16640: 16621: 16615: 16614: 16612: 16610: 16590: 16584: 16583: 16572: 16566: 16565: 16563: 16561: 16542:France Politique 16533: 16522: 16521: 16519: 16517: 16498: 16492: 16491: 16480: 16474: 16473: 16462: 16456: 16455: 16444: 16438: 16437: 16436:. 20 April 2024. 16426: 16420: 16419: 16408: 16402: 16401: 16389: 16383: 16382: 16375: 16369: 16368: 16366: 16364: 16343: 16337: 16336: 16334: 16332: 16311: 16305: 16304: 16302: 16300: 16279: 16273: 16272: 16261: 16255: 16254: 16252: 16250: 16235: 16229: 16228: 16217: 16211: 16210: 16208: 16206: 16194: 16188: 16187: 16185: 16183: 16168: 16162: 16161: 16150: 16144: 16143: 16132: 16126: 16125: 16114: 16108: 16107: 16096: 16090: 16089: 16078: 16072: 16071: 16069: 16067: 16052: 16046: 16045: 16034: 16028: 16027: 16016: 16010: 16009: 15998: 15989: 15988: 15977: 15971: 15966: 15960: 15959: 15957: 15955: 15934: 15928: 15927: 15916: 15910: 15909: 15908:. 19 April 2014. 15898: 15892: 15891: 15880: 15874: 15873: 15866: 15860: 15859: 15852: 15846: 15845: 15838: 15832: 15831: 15829: 15827: 15806: 15800: 15799: 15797: 15795: 15786:. 9 March 2018. 15780: 15774: 15773: 15771: 15769: 15749: 15743: 15742: 15740: 15738: 15718: 15712: 15711: 15705: 15697: 15695: 15693: 15677: 15671: 15670: 15664: 15656: 15654: 15652: 15646: 15639: 15631: 15625: 15624: 15622: 15620: 15605: 15599: 15598: 15596: 15594: 15572: 15566: 15565: 15563: 15561: 15545: 15539: 15538: 15536: 15525: 15514: 15508: 15507: 15505: 15503: 15488: 15482: 15476: 15470: 15464: 15458: 15452: 15446: 15445: 15443: 15441: 15430: 15424: 15423: 15421: 15419: 15407: 15401: 15400: 15394: 15392: 15372: 15366: 15365: 15363: 15361: 15340: 15334: 15333: 15331: 15329: 15309: 15303: 15302: 15300: 15298: 15277: 15268: 15267: 15265: 15263: 15241: 15235: 15234: 15232: 15230: 15208: 15199: 15198: 15196: 15194: 15173: 15167: 15166: 15164: 15162: 15142: 15136: 15135: 15133: 15131: 15115: 15109: 15108: 15106: 15104: 15095:. 3 April 2015. 15085: 15079: 15073: 15067: 15066: 15064: 15062: 15041: 15035: 15034: 15032: 15030: 15009: 15003: 15002: 15000: 14998: 14977: 14971: 14965: 14959: 14958: 14956: 14954: 14939: 14933: 14932: 14930: 14928: 14913: 14907: 14906: 14895: 14889: 14885: 14884:on 7 March 2016. 14873: 14871: 14869: 14863: 14856: 14845: 14839: 14838: 14836: 14834: 14819: 14813: 14812: 14810: 14808: 14789: 14783: 14782: 14780: 14778: 14769:. Archived from 14763: 14757: 14756: 14754: 14752: 14737: 14731: 14730: 14728: 14726: 14707: 14701: 14697: 14685: 14673: 14659: 14653: 14652: 14634: 14617:(9): 1388–1405. 14606: 14600: 14599: 14588: 14582: 14581: 14570: 14564: 14563: 14552: 14546: 14545: 14543: 14541: 14519: 14513: 14512: 14496: 14490: 14489: 14487: 14485: 14463: 14457: 14456: 14454: 14452: 14432: 14426: 14425: 14423: 14421: 14406: 14400: 14399: 14397: 14395: 14380: 14374: 14363: 14357: 14356: 14338: 14327: 14326: 14315: 14309: 14308: 14297: 14291: 14290: 14279: 14273: 14272: 14261: 14255: 14254: 14243: 14237: 14236: 14229: 14223: 14222: 14215: 14209: 14208: 14194: 14188: 14187: 14176: 14170: 14169: 14163:Voice of America 14155: 14149: 14148: 14146: 14144: 14122: 14116: 14115: 14113: 14111: 14106:on 24 March 2011 14102:. Archived from 14091: 14085: 14084: 14082: 14080: 14065: 14059: 14058: 14056: 14054: 14032: 14023: 14017: 14006: 14000: 13994: 13988: 13982: 13981: 13979: 13977: 13962: 13956: 13955: 13948: 13942: 13941: 13939: 13937: 13922: 13916: 13915: 13914:. 14 April 2022. 13904: 13893: 13892: 13881: 13875: 13874: 13863: 13857: 13856: 13845: 13839: 13838: 13827: 13821: 13820: 13818: 13816: 13801: 13795: 13794: 13792: 13790: 13775: 13769: 13768: 13766: 13764: 13749: 13743: 13742: 13740: 13738: 13718: 13712: 13711: 13709: 13707: 13692: 13686: 13680: 13674: 13668: 13655: 13651: 13639: 13637: 13635: 13610: 13604: 13603: 13601: 13599: 13577: 13571: 13565: 13564: 13552: 13546: 13545: 13533: 13527: 13526: 13514: 13508: 13507: 13500: 13494: 13493: 13478: 13472: 13471: 13458: 13452: 13451: 13450:. 15 April 2022. 13440: 13429: 13428: 13426: 13424: 13409: 13403: 13402: 13400: 13398: 13376: 13367: 13355: 13351: 13345: 13344: 13342: 13340: 13325: 13319: 13318: 13316: 13314: 13292: 13286: 13280: 13271: 13265: 13256: 13250: 13244: 13243: 13241: 13239: 13220: 13214: 13202: 13196: 13184: 13171: 13170: 13168: 13166: 13146: 13140: 13139: 13137: 13135: 13120: 13109: 13103: 13102: 13082: 13076: 13075: 13073: 13071: 13055: 13049: 13048: 13046: 13044: 13024: 13018: 13017: 13015: 13013: 12993: 12987: 12986: 12984: 12982: 12967: 12961: 12955: 12949: 12943: 12937: 12931: 12922: 12916: 12910: 12909: 12907: 12905: 12891: 12885: 12884: 12882: 12880: 12865: 12859: 12853: 12847: 12820: 12818: 12816: 12807:. 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Archived from 11502: 11496: 11495: 11493: 11491: 11477: 11471: 11470: 11468: 11466: 11444: 11438: 11432: 11423: 11417: 11411: 11405: 11399: 11393: 11387: 11381: 11375: 11369: 11363: 11357: 11348: 11342: 11336: 11330: 11321: 11315: 11309: 11303: 11292: 11286: 11277: 11276: 11274: 11272: 11250: 11235: 11229: 11223: 11217: 11211: 11210: 11208: 11206: 11176: 11170: 11164: 11153: 11147: 11141: 11135: 11129: 11123: 11117: 11111: 11100: 11094: 11088: 11087: 11085: 11083: 11068: 11062: 11056: 11050: 11044: 11038: 11032: 11026: 11020: 11014: 11008: 10997: 10991: 10985: 10979: 10973: 10967: 10958: 10952: 10946: 10945:, pp. 94 f. 10940: 10934: 10928: 10922: 10916: 10910: 10904: 10898: 10892: 10886: 10880: 10874: 10868: 10862: 10856: 10850: 10844: 10835: 10829: 10823: 10817: 10811: 10805: 10796: 10790: 10784: 10778: 10772: 10766: 10760: 10754: 10737: 10731: 10725: 10724: 10722: 10720: 10710: 10701: 10695: 10689: 10680: 10674: 10665: 10659: 10653: 10647: 10641: 10635: 10618: 10612: 10597: 10591: 10585: 10579: 10573: 10567: 10561: 10555: 10549: 10543: 10537: 10531: 10525: 10519: 10513: 10507: 10490: 10484: 10475: 10469: 10454: 10448: 10442: 10441: 10439: 10437: 10415: 10409: 10408: 10388: 10382: 10381:, p. 182 f. 10376: 10370: 10364: 10358: 10352: 10341: 10340:, p. 181 f. 10335: 10329: 10323: 10317: 10311: 10305: 10299: 10293: 10287: 10281: 10275: 10269: 10263: 10257: 10256:, p. 178 f. 10251: 10245: 10239: 10230: 10224: 10213: 10207: 10201: 10195: 10184: 10183:, p. 176 f. 10178: 10172: 10166: 10157: 10151: 10145: 10139: 10133: 10127: 10118: 10112: 10106: 10100: 10094: 10093:, pp. 38 f. 10088: 10082: 10081: 10079: 10077: 10058:France Politique 10049: 10043: 10037: 10031: 10025: 10019: 10013: 10007: 10001: 9995: 9989: 9980: 9979:, pp. 36 f. 9974: 9968: 9962: 9956: 9955: 9935: 9929: 9923: 9917: 9911: 9905: 9899: 9893: 9887: 9881: 9875: 9869: 9868: 9866: 9864: 9850: 9844: 9843: 9841: 9839: 9820: 9814: 9813: 9811: 9809: 9790: 9781: 9780: 9778: 9776: 9756: 9750: 9749: 9747: 9745: 9726: 9717: 9716: 9714: 9712: 9693: 9684: 9679: 9664: 9662: 9660: 9645: 9639: 9638: 9636: 9634: 9619: 9613: 9612: 9610: 9608: 9588: 9582: 9581: 9579: 9577: 9562: 9556: 9553: 9551: 9549: 9529: 9527: 9525: 9503: 9497: 9494: 9492: 9490: 9466: 9464: 9462: 9453:. 6 April 2016. 9438: 9436: 9434: 9413: 9411: 9409: 9391: 9385: 9384: 9382: 9380: 9368:"National Rally" 9364: 9358: 9357: 9355: 9353: 9339: 9330: 9329: 9327: 9325: 9304: 9295: 9289: 9283: 9277: 9271: 9270: 9254: 9248: 9247: 9245: 9243: 9228: 9222: 9216: 9210: 9209: 9197:(157): 115–126. 9186: 9180: 9174: 9173: 9171: 9169: 9137: 9131: 9130: 9094: 9088: 9087: 9085: 9083: 9049: 9043: 9042: 9040: 9038: 9022: 9016: 9011: 9009: 9007: 8984: 8982: 8980: 8963: 8961: 8959: 8938: 8936: 8934: 8913: 8911: 8909: 8888: 8886: 8884: 8867: 8865: 8863: 8842: 8825: 8823: 8821: 8804: 8802: 8800: 8777: 8764: 8740: 8721: 8698: 8665: 8648:(8): 1355–1361. 8636: 8615: 8596: 8577: 8568: 8539: 8509: 8500: 8496: 8494: 8492: 8471: 8469: 8467: 8445: 8439: 8435: 8423: 8411: 8382: 8376: 8375: 8368: 8362: 8361: 8359: 8357: 8337: 8331: 8330: 8328: 8326: 8306: 8300: 8299: 8297: 8295: 8279: 8262: 8259: 8253: 8246: 8240: 8237: 8231: 8228: 8222: 8219: 8213: 8209: 8203: 8199: 8193: 8187: 8181: 8175: 8169: 8164:(2015–2019) and 8142: 8102: 8082: 8062: 8042: 8011: 8010: 8000: 7993: 7975: 7974: 7967: 7942: 7941: 7934: 7904: 7903: 7896: 7871: 7870: 7863: 7836: 7835: 7828: 7803: 7802: 7795: 7768: 7767: 7760: 7735: 7734: 7727: 7699: 7654: 7641: 7628: 7627: 7620: 7613: 7583: 7582: 7575: 7568: 7538: 7537: 7530: 7523: 7493: 7492: 7485: 7478: 7453: 7452: 7445: 7438: 7405: 7404: 7397: 7390: 7357: 7356: 7349: 7342: 7294:2nd round votes 7288:1st round votes 7279: 7273: 7259: 7258: 7245: 7244: 7221: 7220: 7207: 7206: 7180: 7179: 7148: 7147: 7124: 7123: 7110: 7109: 7083: 7082: 7056: 7055: 7012: 7011: 6952: 6951: 6939: 6938: 6930: 6898: 6897: 6889: 6862: 6861: 6853: 6826: 6825: 6817: 6787: 6786: 6779: 6752: 6751: 6743: 6716: 6715: 6707: 6680: 6679: 6671: 6644: 6643: 6635: 6608: 6607: 6599: 6574: 6573: 6566: 6541: 6540: 6533: 6508: 6507: 6500: 6461:2nd round votes 6455:1st round votes 6446: 6440: 6416:Election results 6232: 6222: 6181:5 November 2022 6178:15 January 2011 6171: 6122:15 January 2011 6112: 6100: 6095: 6084: 6083: 6070:Philippe Olivier 5917:Santiago Abascal 5813:under President 5809:, who served as 5803:Dana Rohrabacher 5748:Sweden Democrats 5569:and the Belgian 5422:Second World War 5378:two-round system 5343:rather than the 5180:Operation Serval 5168:dual citizenship 5117:world government 4757: 4750: 4743: 4727: 4726: 4725: 4715: 4714: 4713: 4693: 4625:Radio Courtoisie 4606: 4522: 4503: 4494: 4485: 4476: 4460: 4446: 4432: 4418: 4410: 4407:Action Française 4379:Resistance Party 4364:Rally for France 4287:The Nationalists 4277:Debout la France 4124:de Chateaubriand 4092: 4082: 4072: 4062: 4052: 4042: 4032: 4024: 4014: 4004: 3994: 3989:The Ancient City 3984: 3974: 3964: 3954: 3944: 3934: 3924: 3750:de Chateaubriand 3611: 3584: 3569:Social hierarchy 3547: 3511: 3492: 3443: 3419: 3381: 3353: 3343: 3328: 3327: 3165:Les Republicains 2867:Holocaust denial 2717: 2709:Catherine Mégret 2385:(1977) and his " 2255: 2246: 2207: 2204:Action Française 2196: 2188: 2180: 2164: 2158: 2096:. Again in the 2044:Holocaust denial 1998:for breaches of 1929: 1916:), known as the 1911: 1906: 1885: 1878: 1871: 1855: 1854: 1853: 1843: 1842: 1841: 1821: 1753:Radio Courtoisie 1734: 1650: 1631: 1622: 1613: 1604: 1588: 1574: 1560: 1546: 1538: 1535:Action Française 1507:Resistance Party 1492:Rally for France 1415:The Nationalists 1405:Debout la France 1252:de Chateaubriand 1220: 1210: 1200: 1190: 1180: 1170: 1160: 1152: 1142: 1132: 1122: 1117:The Ancient City 1112: 1102: 1092: 1082: 1072: 1062: 1052: 878:de Chateaubriand 739: 712: 697:Social hierarchy 675: 639: 620: 571: 547: 509: 481: 471: 456: 455: 440: 412: 407: 404: 390: 376: 362: 348: 334: 320: 306: 292: 207: 157:Preceded by 152: 150: 145: 65: 46: 45: 21: 19682: 19681: 19677: 19676: 19675: 19673: 19672: 19671: 19642:Euronat members 19582: 19581: 19580: 19575: 19529: 19488: 19452: 19433:Nouvelle Droite 19406: 19297:Le Pen (Marine) 19145: 19136:Terre et Peuple 19116:Party of France 19076:Europe-Jeunesse 19051:Cité catholique 19014: 18990:Radical Network 18902: 18896: 18750:Pre-1945 people 18745: 18657:Camelots du Roi 18632:Pre-1945 groups 18627: 18586: 18581: 18551: 18546: 18518: 18499: 18470: 18465: 18435: 18426: 18419: 18412: 18401: 18394: 18376: 18368: 18360: 18355:Gilbert Collard 18353: 18346: 18336: 18332: 18325: 18316: 18310: 18300: 18296: 18289: 18278: 18270: 18264:Stéphane Ravier 18262: 18251: 18245:Gilbert Collard 18243: 18235: 18224: 18216: 18208: 18200: 18192: 18186:Bruno Gollnisch 18184: 18176: 18168: 18157: 18145: 18133: 18121: 18109: 18097: 18085: 18073: 18061: 18050: 18042: 18034: 18026: 18018: 18010: 18004:Vice-Presidents 17999: 17991: 17983: 17974: 17968: 17964: 17961: 17931: 17926: 17908: 17885: 17881:The Republicans 17857: 17834: 17830:Socialist Party 17801: 17778: 17772: 17742: 17737: 17724: 17704: 17698: 17674: 17654: 17648: 17644:Gerolf Annemans 17637:Party President 17628: 17616: 17605: 17593: 17581: 17569: 17557: 17545: 17533: 17521: 17509: 17497: 17479: 17469: 17465: 17462: 17414:Wayback Machine 17401: 17390: 17389: 17386: 17364: 17321: 17319: 17315: 17309: 17294: 17280: 17278: 17277:on 26 June 2015 17224: 17203: 17187: 17185:Further reading 17182: 17176: 17151: 17128: 17107: 17088: 17064: 17059: 17058: 17048: 17046: 17041: 17040: 17036: 17026: 17024: 17011: 17010: 17006: 16996: 16994: 16981: 16980: 16976: 16966: 16964: 16951: 16950: 16946: 16936: 16934: 16921: 16920: 16916: 16906: 16904: 16891: 16890: 16886: 16876: 16874: 16865: 16864: 16853: 16845: 16826: 16816: 16814: 16799: 16795: 16784: 16782:Wayback Machine 16772: 16768: 16758: 16756: 16743: 16742: 16738: 16728: 16726: 16713: 16712: 16708: 16698: 16696: 16683: 16682: 16678: 16668: 16666: 16653: 16652: 16648: 16638: 16636: 16623: 16622: 16618: 16608: 16606: 16591: 16587: 16574: 16573: 16569: 16559: 16557: 16534: 16525: 16515: 16513: 16500: 16499: 16495: 16482: 16481: 16477: 16472:. 10 July 2024. 16464: 16463: 16459: 16446: 16445: 16441: 16428: 16427: 16423: 16410: 16409: 16405: 16390: 16386: 16377: 16376: 16372: 16362: 16360: 16345: 16344: 16340: 16330: 16328: 16313: 16312: 16308: 16298: 16296: 16281: 16280: 16276: 16263: 16262: 16258: 16248: 16246: 16237: 16236: 16232: 16227:. 1 March 2024. 16219: 16218: 16214: 16204: 16202: 16195: 16191: 16181: 16179: 16170: 16169: 16165: 16152: 16151: 16147: 16134: 16133: 16129: 16116: 16115: 16111: 16106:. 1 April 2024. 16098: 16097: 16093: 16080: 16079: 16075: 16065: 16063: 16054: 16053: 16049: 16036: 16035: 16031: 16018: 16017: 16013: 16000: 15999: 15992: 15979: 15978: 15974: 15967: 15963: 15953: 15951: 15936: 15935: 15931: 15918: 15917: 15913: 15900: 15899: 15895: 15882: 15881: 15877: 15868: 15867: 15863: 15858:. 28 July 2004. 15854: 15853: 15849: 15840: 15839: 15835: 15825: 15823: 15818:. 12 May 2019. 15808: 15807: 15803: 15793: 15791: 15782: 15781: 15777: 15767: 15765: 15750: 15746: 15736: 15734: 15719: 15715: 15699: 15698: 15691: 15689: 15678: 15674: 15658: 15657: 15650: 15648: 15644: 15637: 15635:"Archived copy" 15633: 15632: 15628: 15618: 15616: 15607: 15606: 15602: 15592: 15590: 15573: 15569: 15559: 15557: 15546: 15542: 15534: 15523: 15515: 15511: 15501: 15499: 15496:Politico Europe 15490: 15489: 15485: 15477: 15473: 15465: 15461: 15453: 15449: 15439: 15437: 15432: 15431: 15427: 15417: 15415: 15408: 15404: 15390: 15388: 15373: 15369: 15359: 15357: 15342: 15341: 15337: 15327: 15325: 15310: 15306: 15296: 15294: 15279: 15278: 15271: 15261: 15259: 15242: 15238: 15228: 15226: 15209: 15202: 15192: 15190: 15175: 15174: 15170: 15160: 15158: 15143: 15139: 15129: 15127: 15116: 15112: 15102: 15100: 15087: 15086: 15082: 15074: 15070: 15060: 15058: 15043: 15042: 15038: 15028: 15026: 15011: 15010: 15006: 14996: 14994: 14979: 14978: 14974: 14966: 14962: 14952: 14950: 14941: 14940: 14936: 14926: 14924: 14915: 14914: 14910: 14905:. 19 June 2024. 14897: 14896: 14892: 14888: 14876: 14867: 14865: 14861: 14854: 14850: 14846: 14842: 14832: 14830: 14821: 14820: 14816: 14806: 14804: 14791: 14790: 14786: 14776: 14774: 14765: 14764: 14760: 14750: 14748: 14739: 14738: 14734: 14724: 14722: 14709: 14708: 14704: 14700: 14688: 14682:Financial Times 14676: 14672:. 24 June 2016. 14664: 14660: 14656: 14607: 14603: 14598:. 17 July 2024. 14590: 14589: 14585: 14580:. 19 June 2024. 14572: 14571: 14567: 14554: 14553: 14549: 14539: 14537: 14529:The Daily Beast 14520: 14516: 14497: 14493: 14483: 14481: 14464: 14460: 14450: 14448: 14433: 14429: 14419: 14417: 14416:on 8 March 2014 14408: 14407: 14403: 14393: 14391: 14382: 14381: 14377: 14372:Wayback Machine 14364: 14360: 14348:The Independent 14339: 14330: 14325:. 24 June 2024. 14323:Middle East Eye 14317: 14316: 14312: 14299: 14298: 14294: 14281: 14280: 14276: 14263: 14262: 14258: 14253:. 31 July 2024. 14245: 14244: 14240: 14231: 14230: 14226: 14217: 14216: 14212: 14196: 14195: 14191: 14178: 14177: 14173: 14157: 14156: 14152: 14142: 14140: 14123: 14119: 14109: 14107: 14092: 14088: 14078: 14076: 14067: 14066: 14062: 14052: 14050: 14033: 14026: 14018: 14009: 14001: 13997: 13989: 13985: 13975: 13973: 13968:. 28 May 2002. 13964: 13963: 13959: 13954:. 26 June 2024. 13950: 13949: 13945: 13935: 13933: 13924: 13923: 13919: 13906: 13905: 13896: 13891:. 12 June 2024. 13883: 13882: 13878: 13873:. 18 June 2024. 13871:Financial Times 13865: 13864: 13860: 13855:. 24 June 2024. 13853:Financial Times 13847: 13846: 13842: 13837:. 27 June 2024. 13829: 13828: 13824: 13814: 13812: 13802: 13798: 13788: 13786: 13776: 13772: 13762: 13760: 13751: 13750: 13746: 13736: 13734: 13719: 13715: 13705: 13703: 13694: 13693: 13689: 13681: 13677: 13669: 13658: 13654: 13642: 13633: 13631: 13623:The Independent 13611: 13607: 13597: 13595: 13578: 13574: 13568: 13553: 13549: 13534: 13530: 13523:The Independent 13515: 13511: 13502: 13501: 13497: 13480: 13479: 13475: 13470:. 5 March 2017. 13460: 13459: 13455: 13442: 13441: 13432: 13422: 13420: 13410: 13406: 13396: 13394: 13377: 13370: 13364:Wayback Machine 13353: 13352: 13348: 13338: 13336: 13327: 13326: 13322: 13312: 13310: 13293: 13289: 13281: 13274: 13266: 13259: 13251: 13247: 13237: 13235: 13222: 13221: 13217: 13203: 13199: 13185: 13174: 13164: 13162: 13155:Politico Europe 13147: 13143: 13133: 13131: 13121: 13112: 13106: 13099: 13083: 13079: 13069: 13067: 13056: 13052: 13042: 13040: 13025: 13021: 13011: 13009: 12994: 12990: 12980: 12978: 12969: 12968: 12964: 12956: 12952: 12944: 12940: 12932: 12925: 12917: 12913: 12903: 12901: 12893: 12892: 12888: 12878: 12876: 12867: 12866: 12862: 12854: 12850: 12842:Wayback Machine 12814: 12812: 12811:on 26 June 2015 12793: 12789: 12779: 12777: 12772: 12771: 12767: 12757: 12755: 12742: 12741: 12737: 12722: 12715: 12702: 12701: 12697: 12687: 12686: 12682: 12667: 12663: 12653: 12651: 12642: 12641: 12637: 12627: 12625: 12616: 12615: 12611: 12601: 12599: 12590: 12589: 12585: 12575: 12573: 12572:. 24 April 2022 12564: 12563: 12559: 12549: 12547: 12532: 12528: 12518: 12516: 12507: 12506: 12502: 12492: 12490: 12485:. 11 May 2021. 12481: 12480: 12476: 12466: 12464: 12459:. 16 May 2021. 12455: 12454: 12450: 12440: 12438: 12429: 12428: 12424: 12414: 12412: 12403: 12402: 12398: 12388: 12386: 12377: 12376: 12372: 12358:Wayback Machine 12348: 12344: 12334:Wayback Machine 12324: 12320: 12311: 12309: 12300: 12296: 12286: 12284: 12259: 12255: 12245: 12243: 12235:theguardian.com 12226: 12222: 12212: 12210: 12193: 12189: 12179: 12177: 12164: 12163: 12159: 12153:Wayback Machine 12143: 12139: 12129: 12127: 12100: 12096: 12086: 12084: 12069: 12065: 12055: 12053: 12038: 12034: 12024: 12022: 12007: 12003: 11998:Wayback Machine 11990: 11986: 11976: 11974: 11961: 11960: 11956: 11946: 11944: 11929: 11925: 11915: 11913: 11898: 11894: 11884: 11882: 11869: 11868: 11864: 11854: 11852: 11843: 11842: 11838: 11828: 11826: 11817: 11816: 11809: 11799: 11797: 11796:on 21 June 2012 11780: 11776: 11766: 11764: 11755: 11754: 11750: 11740: 11738: 11721: 11717: 11707: 11705: 11694: 11690: 11680: 11678: 11667: 11663: 11653: 11651: 11636: 11635: 11631: 11621: 11619: 11606: 11605: 11598: 11588: 11586: 11573: 11572: 11565: 11555: 11553: 11536: 11532: 11522: 11520: 11503: 11499: 11489: 11487: 11479: 11478: 11474: 11464: 11462: 11445: 11441: 11433: 11426: 11418: 11414: 11406: 11402: 11394: 11390: 11382: 11378: 11370: 11366: 11358: 11351: 11343: 11339: 11331: 11324: 11316: 11312: 11304: 11295: 11287: 11280: 11270: 11268: 11251: 11238: 11230: 11226: 11218: 11214: 11204: 11202: 11195: 11177: 11173: 11165: 11156: 11148: 11144: 11136: 11132: 11124: 11120: 11112: 11103: 11095: 11091: 11081: 11079: 11070: 11069: 11065: 11057: 11053: 11045: 11041: 11033: 11029: 11021: 11017: 11009: 11000: 10992: 10988: 10980: 10976: 10968: 10961: 10953: 10949: 10941: 10937: 10929: 10925: 10917: 10913: 10905: 10901: 10893: 10889: 10881: 10877: 10869: 10865: 10857: 10853: 10845: 10838: 10830: 10826: 10818: 10814: 10806: 10799: 10791: 10787: 10779: 10775: 10767: 10763: 10755: 10740: 10732: 10728: 10718: 10716: 10708: 10702: 10698: 10690: 10683: 10675: 10668: 10660: 10656: 10648: 10644: 10636: 10621: 10613: 10600: 10592: 10588: 10580: 10576: 10568: 10564: 10556: 10552: 10544: 10540: 10532: 10528: 10520: 10516: 10508: 10493: 10485: 10478: 10470: 10457: 10449: 10445: 10435: 10433: 10416: 10412: 10405: 10389: 10385: 10377: 10373: 10365: 10361: 10353: 10344: 10336: 10332: 10324: 10320: 10312: 10308: 10300: 10296: 10288: 10284: 10276: 10272: 10264: 10260: 10252: 10248: 10240: 10233: 10225: 10216: 10208: 10204: 10196: 10187: 10179: 10175: 10167: 10160: 10152: 10148: 10140: 10136: 10128: 10121: 10113: 10109: 10101: 10097: 10089: 10085: 10075: 10073: 10050: 10046: 10038: 10034: 10026: 10022: 10014: 10010: 10002: 9998: 9990: 9983: 9975: 9971: 9963: 9959: 9952: 9936: 9932: 9924: 9920: 9912: 9908: 9900: 9896: 9888: 9884: 9876: 9872: 9862: 9860: 9852: 9851: 9847: 9837: 9835: 9822: 9821: 9817: 9807: 9805: 9792: 9791: 9784: 9774: 9772: 9757: 9753: 9743: 9741: 9736:. 1 June 2018. 9728: 9727: 9720: 9710: 9708: 9695: 9694: 9687: 9658: 9656: 9646: 9642: 9632: 9630: 9629:on 13 June 2018 9621: 9620: 9616: 9606: 9604: 9597:The Independent 9589: 9585: 9575: 9573: 9564: 9563: 9559: 9547: 9545: 9532: 9523: 9521: 9508: 9504: 9500: 9488: 9486: 9473: 9469: 9460: 9458: 9445: 9441: 9432: 9430: 9425:. News.com.au. 9416: 9407: 9405: 9396: 9392: 9388: 9378: 9376: 9366: 9365: 9361: 9351: 9349: 9341: 9340: 9333: 9323: 9321: 9313:The Independent 9306: 9305: 9298: 9290: 9286: 9278: 9274: 9255: 9251: 9241: 9239: 9230: 9229: 9225: 9217: 9213: 9187: 9183: 9177: 9167: 9165: 9158: 9138: 9134: 9119:10.1002/wcc.604 9095: 9091: 9081: 9079: 9072: 9064:. p. 225. 9050: 9046: 9036: 9034: 9023: 9019: 9005: 9003: 8978: 8976: 8957: 8955: 8932: 8930: 8907: 8905: 8898:The Independent 8882: 8880: 8861: 8859: 8819: 8817: 8798: 8796: 8787: 8761: 8737: 8718: 8612: 8593: 8565: 8536: 8510: 8503: 8499: 8490: 8488: 8465: 8463: 8450: 8446: 8442: 8438: 8426: 8414: 8408: 8383: 8379: 8370: 8369: 8365: 8355: 8353: 8338: 8334: 8324: 8322: 8307: 8303: 8293: 8291: 8280: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8265: 8260: 8256: 8247: 8243: 8238: 8234: 8229: 8225: 8220: 8216: 8210: 8206: 8197: 8191: 8185: 8179: 8178: 8176: 8172: 8143: 8139: 8134: 8116:Neo-nationalism 8112: 8103: 8100: 8083: 8080: 8063: 8060: 8043: 8040: 8009: 8004: 8003: 7994: 7990: 7968: 7965: 7935: 7932: 7921:Jordan Bardella 7897: 7894: 7864: 7861: 7829: 7826: 7796: 7793: 7761: 7758: 7728: 7725: 7700: 7697: 7646: 7640: 7621: 7618: 7614: 7611: 7587:The Republicans 7576: 7573: 7569: 7566: 7531: 7528: 7524: 7521: 7497:Socialist Party 7486: 7483: 7479: 7476: 7446: 7443: 7439: 7436: 7398: 7395: 7391: 7388: 7350: 7347: 7343: 7340: 7272: 6950: 6941: 6931: 6928: 6911:Jordan Bardella 6900: 6890: 6887: 6864: 6854: 6851: 6828: 6818: 6815: 6780: 6777: 6754: 6744: 6741: 6718: 6708: 6705: 6682: 6672: 6669: 6646: 6636: 6633: 6610: 6600: 6597: 6567: 6564: 6534: 6531: 6501: 6498: 6439: 6418: 6398: 6362:Bruno Gollnisch 6328: 6295:Jordan Bardella 6252: 6250:Vice Presidents 6230: 6229:5 November 2022 6225:Jordan Bardella 6223: 6172: 6119:5 October 1972 6113: 6098: 6093: 6082: 6058:Gilles Pennelle 6034:Jordan Bardella 6030: 5975:Law and Justice 5956:Law and Justice 5954:, and Poland's 5886:Marion Maréchal 5877:Emmanuel Macron 5769:members of the 5721:Yasukuni Shrine 5679:Voice of Reason 5603:Northern League 5547: 5529:and her father 5523: 5503: 5481:The Independent 5471: 5440:daily newspaper 5403: 5398: 5382:François Bayrou 5370: 5358:Jordan Bardella 5353: 5333: 5314:Thierry Mariani 5251: 5231:Abraham Accords 5164:customs borders 5121:New World Order 5093: 5068: 5052: 5031:value-added tax 4972:anti-capitalist 4968: 4937: 4898: 4855: 4833:), ethnic (the 4810:Nouvelle Droite 4793:Nicolas Lebourg 4789:Jean-Yves Camus 4761: 4723: 4721: 4711: 4709: 4702: 4701: 4646: 4638: 4637: 4604: 4534: 4526: 4525: 4482:Cercle Proudhon 4473:Camelots du Roi 4450:Student Cockade 4416: 4397: 4389: 4388: 4312:The Republicans 4272:Alliance Royale 4264: 4256: 4255: 4154:Le Pen (Marine) 4104: 4096: 4095: 4090: 4080: 4070: 4060: 4050: 4040: 4030: 4022: 4012: 4002: 3992: 3982: 3972: 3962: 3952: 3942: 3932: 3922: 3913: 3905: 3904: 3685: 3677: 3676: 3662:Ultra-royalists 3601: 3593: 3592: 3508:Noblesse oblige 3467: 3459: 3458: 3378:Nouvelle Droite 3361: 3341: 3326: 3283: 3277: 3242: 3234:Jordan Bardella 3231: 3225: 3172:Gérald Darmanin 3157:Thierry Mariani 3085:Gilbert Collard 3071:Emmanuel Macron 3063: 3057: 3009:Mantes-la-Ville 2973: 2965:Nicolas Sarkozy 2954:Marion Maréchal 2950:Gilbert Collard 2893: 2887: 2882: 2816: 2779: 2767:Nouvelle Droite 2756:Bruno Gollnisch 2729: 2711: 2603:Communist Party 2586: 2470: 2465: 2441:Socialist Party 2403:Nouvelle Droite 2401:(1985) and the 2391:Bruno Gollnisch 2375:François Duprat 2367: 2321:Georges Bidault 2305:Pierre Bousquet 2301:Roger Holeindre 2273: 2272: 2271: 2270: 2265: 2258: 2257: 2256: 2248: 2247: 2236: 2231: 2226: 2189:(GUD), and the 2123: 2094:Emmanuel Macron 2052:de-demonisation 2025:Jordan Bardella 2018:. His daughter 1934:), is a French 1904: 1889: 1851: 1849: 1839: 1837: 1830: 1829: 1774: 1766: 1765: 1732: 1662: 1654: 1653: 1610:Cercle Proudhon 1601:Camelots du Roi 1578:Student Cockade 1544: 1525: 1517: 1516: 1440:The Republicans 1400:Alliance Royale 1392: 1384: 1383: 1282:Le Pen (Marine) 1232: 1224: 1223: 1218: 1208: 1198: 1188: 1178: 1168: 1158: 1150: 1140: 1130: 1120: 1110: 1100: 1090: 1080: 1070: 1060: 1050: 1041: 1033: 1032: 813: 805: 804: 790:Ultra-royalists 729: 721: 720: 636:Noblesse oblige 595: 587: 586: 506:Nouvelle Droite 489: 469: 450: 436: 435: 401: 391: 388: 377: 374: 363: 360: 349: 346: 335: 332: 321: 318: 307: 304: 290: 281: 233: 205: 171: 148: 146: 143: 133:Pierre Bousquet 109: 88:Vice Presidents 82:Jordan Bardella 56: 55: 52: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 19680: 19670: 19669: 19664: 19659: 19654: 19649: 19644: 19639: 19634: 19629: 19624: 19619: 19614: 19609: 19604: 19599: 19594: 19577: 19576: 19574: 19573: 19563: 19558: 19553: 19543: 19541:Dreyfus affair 19537: 19535: 19534:Notable events 19531: 19530: 19528: 19527: 19522: 19515: 19510: 19503: 19500:Nouvelle École 19496: 19486:National-Hebdo 19482: 19475: 19468: 19460: 19458: 19454: 19453: 19451: 19450: 19449: 19448: 19436: 19429: 19422: 19414: 19412: 19408: 19407: 19405: 19404: 19399: 19394: 19389: 19384: 19379: 19374: 19369: 19364: 19359: 19354: 19349: 19344: 19339: 19334: 19329: 19324: 19319: 19314: 19309: 19304: 19299: 19294: 19289: 19284: 19279: 19274: 19269: 19264: 19259: 19254: 19249: 19244: 19239: 19234: 19229: 19224: 19219: 19214: 19209: 19204: 19199: 19194: 19189: 19184: 19179: 19174: 19169: 19164: 19159: 19153: 19151: 19147: 19146: 19144: 19143: 19138: 19133: 19128: 19123: 19118: 19113: 19108: 19103: 19098: 19093: 19088: 19086:French Renewal 19083: 19078: 19073: 19068: 19063: 19058: 19053: 19048: 19043: 19038: 19033: 19028: 19022: 19020: 19016: 19015: 19013: 19012: 19010:Unité Radicale 19007: 19005:Troisième Voie 19002: 18997: 18992: 18987: 18982: 18977: 18972: 18967: 18962: 18957: 18952: 18947: 18942: 18937: 18932: 18927: 18922: 18917: 18912: 18906: 18904: 18898: 18897: 18895: 18894: 18889: 18884: 18879: 18874: 18869: 18864: 18859: 18854: 18849: 18844: 18839: 18834: 18829: 18824: 18819: 18814: 18809: 18804: 18799: 18794: 18789: 18784: 18779: 18774: 18769: 18767:Benoist-Méchin 18764: 18759: 18753: 18751: 18747: 18746: 18744: 18743: 18736: 18729: 18724: 18719: 18712: 18705: 18698: 18691: 18684: 18679: 18674: 18667: 18660: 18653: 18648: 18643: 18635: 18633: 18629: 18628: 18626: 18625: 18620: 18615: 18610: 18605: 18600: 18594: 18592: 18588: 18587: 18580: 18579: 18572: 18565: 18557: 18548: 18547: 18545: 18544: 18538: 18532: 18526: 18524: 18520: 18519: 18517: 18516: 18507: 18505: 18501: 18500: 18498: 18497: 18494:Comités Jeanne 18491: 18485: 18482:National Front 18478: 18476: 18472: 18471: 18464: 18463: 18456: 18449: 18441: 18432: 18431: 18428: 18427: 18425: 18424: 18417: 18409: 18407: 18403: 18402: 18400: 18399: 18391: 18389: 18382: 18378: 18377: 18375: 18374: 18370:Jacques Peyrat 18366: 18358: 18351: 18344: 18330: 18327:National Front 18322: 18320: 18312: 18311: 18309: 18308: 18294: 18291:Tours Congress 18286: 18284: 18280: 18279: 18277: 18276: 18272:David Rachline 18268: 18259: 18257: 18253: 18252: 18250: 18249: 18241: 18232: 18230: 18226: 18225: 18223: 18222: 18214: 18206: 18198: 18190: 18182: 18174: 18165: 18163: 18159: 18158: 18156: 18155: 18143: 18131: 18119: 18107: 18095: 18083: 18071: 18058: 18056: 18052: 18051: 18049: 18048: 18040: 18032: 18024: 18016: 18007: 18005: 18001: 18000: 17998: 17997: 17989: 17980: 17978: 17970: 17969: 17965:National Rally 17960: 17959: 17952: 17945: 17937: 17928: 17927: 17913: 17910: 17909: 17907: 17906: 17901: 17899:National Rally 17895: 17893: 17887: 17886: 17884: 17883: 17878: 17873: 17867: 17865: 17859: 17858: 17856: 17855: 17850: 17844: 17842: 17836: 17835: 17833: 17832: 17827: 17825:The Ecologists 17822: 17817: 17811: 17809: 17803: 17802: 17800: 17799: 17794: 17792:Lutte Ouvrière 17788: 17786: 17780: 17779: 17771: 17770: 17763: 17756: 17748: 17739: 17738: 17731:Eurofoundation 17729: 17726: 17725: 17723: 17722: 17714: 17708: 17706: 17700: 17699: 17697: 17696: 17688: 17682: 17680: 17676: 17675: 17673: 17672: 17664: 17658: 17656: 17650: 17649: 17647: 17646: 17640: 17638: 17634: 17633: 17630: 17629: 17627: 17626: 17613: 17611: 17607: 17606: 17604: 17603: 17591: 17579: 17567: 17555: 17543: 17531: 17519: 17507: 17494: 17492: 17491:Member parties 17485: 17481: 17480: 17474: 17471: 17470: 17461: 17460: 17453: 17446: 17438: 17432: 17431: 17426: 17421: 17416: 17404: 17385: 17384:External links 17382: 17381: 17380: 17372:Winock, Michel 17368: 17363:978-0813389790 17362: 17349: 17339:(1): 179–196. 17328: 17307: 17287: 17266: 17257: 17228: 17222: 17207: 17201: 17186: 17183: 17181: 17180: 17174: 17155: 17149: 17132: 17126: 17111: 17105: 17092: 17086: 17065: 17063: 17060: 17057: 17056: 17034: 17004: 16974: 16944: 16914: 16884: 16851: 16849:, p. 319. 16824: 16793: 16766: 16736: 16706: 16676: 16646: 16616: 16585: 16567: 16523: 16493: 16488:The Media Line 16475: 16457: 16454:. 21 May 2024. 16439: 16421: 16403: 16384: 16370: 16338: 16306: 16274: 16271:. 20 May 2024. 16256: 16230: 16212: 16189: 16163: 16160:. 1 July 2024. 16145: 16127: 16109: 16091: 16073: 16058:. 8 May 2017. 16047: 16044:. 1 July 2024. 16029: 16026:. 1 July 2024. 16011: 15990: 15987:. 29 May 2019. 15972: 15961: 15929: 15911: 15893: 15890:. 13 May 2014. 15875: 15861: 15847: 15833: 15801: 15775: 15744: 15727:Foreign Policy 15713: 15672: 15626: 15600: 15567: 15540: 15509: 15483: 15481:, p. 194. 15471: 15469:, p. 193. 15459: 15457:, p. 198. 15447: 15425: 15402: 15367: 15335: 15304: 15269: 15251:Deutsche Welle 15236: 15200: 15168: 15137: 15110: 15080: 15078:, p. 317. 15068: 15036: 15004: 14972: 14970:, p. 308. 14960: 14934: 14908: 14890: 14887: 14886: 14874: 14847: 14840: 14814: 14784: 14773:on 19 May 2021 14758: 14732: 14702: 14699: 14698: 14696:. 24 May 2019. 14686: 14684:. 27 May 2019. 14674: 14661: 14654: 14601: 14583: 14565: 14562:. 6 June 2024. 14547: 14514: 14491: 14458: 14427: 14401: 14375: 14358: 14328: 14310: 14292: 14274: 14256: 14238: 14224: 14210: 14189: 14171: 14150: 14117: 14086: 14060: 14024: 14022:, p. 299. 14007: 13995: 13993:, p. 202. 13983: 13957: 13943: 13932:. 20 June 2024 13917: 13894: 13876: 13858: 13840: 13822: 13796: 13770: 13744: 13713: 13687: 13685:, p. 274. 13675: 13673:, p. 272. 13656: 13653: 13652: 13650:. 28 May 2014. 13640: 13612: 13605: 13572: 13566: 13547: 13528: 13509: 13495: 13473: 13453: 13430: 13404: 13368: 13346: 13320: 13287: 13285:, p. 315. 13272: 13257: 13245: 13228:Front National 13215: 13197: 13172: 13141: 13110: 13104: 13098:978-0691194752 13097: 13077: 13050: 13019: 12988: 12962: 12960:, p. 313. 12950: 12948:, p. 312. 12938: 12936:, p. 115. 12923: 12921:, p. 309. 12911: 12886: 12860: 12848: 12846: 12845: 12829:Winock, Michel 12826: 12821: 12800: 12787: 12765: 12735: 12713: 12710:. 9 July 2024. 12695: 12680: 12661: 12635: 12624:. 19 June 2022 12609: 12583: 12557: 12526: 12500: 12474: 12448: 12422: 12396: 12370: 12342: 12318: 12294: 12253: 12220: 12187: 12157: 12137: 12094: 12063: 12032: 12001: 11984: 11954: 11923: 11892: 11875:The New Yorker 11862: 11851:on 8 July 2014 11836: 11807: 11774: 11748: 11715: 11688: 11661: 11629: 11596: 11563: 11530: 11497: 11472: 11439: 11437:, p. 300. 11424: 11422:, p. 298. 11412: 11410:, p. 297. 11400: 11388: 11376: 11374:, p. 291. 11364: 11362:, p. 289. 11349: 11337: 11335:, p. 284. 11322: 11320:, p. 283. 11310: 11308:, p. 282. 11293: 11291:, p. 281. 11278: 11236: 11224: 11222:, p. 280. 11212: 11193: 11171: 11169:, p. 279. 11154: 11142: 11130: 11128:, p. 276. 11118: 11116:, p. 275. 11101: 11089: 11063: 11061:, p. 103. 11051: 11049:, p. 104. 11039: 11037:, p. 264. 11027: 11025:, p. 101. 11015: 11013:, p. 263. 10998: 10986: 10974: 10972:, p. 261. 10959: 10957:, p. 252. 10947: 10935: 10923: 10911: 10899: 10897:, p. 237. 10887: 10875: 10873:, p. 234. 10863: 10861:, p. 233. 10851: 10836: 10834:, pp. 89. 10824: 10812: 10810:, p. 227. 10797: 10785: 10783:, p. 224. 10773: 10761: 10759:, p. 219. 10738: 10736:, p. 217. 10726: 10696: 10681: 10679:, p. 216. 10666: 10654: 10652:, pp. 66. 10642: 10640:, p. 209. 10619: 10617:, p. 197. 10598: 10596:, p. 230. 10586: 10584:, p. 194. 10574: 10562: 10550: 10538: 10536:, p. 100. 10526: 10514: 10512:, p. 196. 10491: 10476: 10474:, p. 195. 10455: 10443: 10410: 10403: 10383: 10371: 10359: 10357:, p. 182. 10342: 10330: 10318: 10306: 10304:, p. 106. 10294: 10282: 10280:, p. 121. 10270: 10258: 10246: 10231: 10229:, p. 177. 10214: 10202: 10200:, p. 183. 10185: 10173: 10171:, p. 175. 10158: 10146: 10134: 10119: 10117:, p. 171. 10107: 10105:, p. 170. 10095: 10083: 10044: 10032: 10020: 10008: 9996: 9994:, p. 169. 9981: 9969: 9957: 9950: 9930: 9918: 9906: 9894: 9882: 9870: 9845: 9815: 9782: 9751: 9718: 9685: 9683: 9682: 9681: 9680: 9640: 9614: 9583: 9557: 9555: 9554: 9530: 9516:. 4 May 2015. 9498: 9496: 9495: 9470:Islamophobia: 9468: 9467: 9440: 9439: 9415: 9414: 9386: 9359: 9331: 9296: 9284: 9282:, p. 229. 9272: 9249: 9223: 9211: 9181: 9175: 9156: 9132: 9089: 9070: 9044: 9017: 9015: 9014: 9013: 9012: 8985: 8964: 8939: 8914: 8889: 8868: 8843: 8826: 8805: 8780: 8779: 8778: 8770:Análise Social 8765: 8760:978-0813389790 8759: 8746: 8741: 8735: 8722: 8717:978-1509536856 8716: 8699: 8681:(4): 392–413. 8666: 8637: 8627:(1): 160–178. 8616: 8610: 8597: 8591: 8578: 8569: 8564:978-0691194752 8563: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8534: 8501: 8498: 8497: 8472: 8447: 8440: 8437: 8436: 8424: 8412: 8406: 8384: 8377: 8374:. 1 July 2024. 8363: 8332: 8301: 8273: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8264: 8263: 8254: 8241: 8232: 8223: 8214: 8204: 8170: 8150:European Right 8146:European Right 8136: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8129: 8128: 8123: 8118: 8111: 8108: 8105: 8104: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8091: 8085: 8084: 8079: 8077: 8074: 8071: 8065: 8064: 8059: 8057: 8054: 8051: 8045: 8044: 8039: 8037: 8034: 8031: 8025: 8024: 8021: 8018: 8015: 8008: 8005: 8002: 8001: 7987: 7986: 7983: 7982: 7977: 7969: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7956: 7950: 7949: 7944: 7936: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7923: 7918: 7912: 7911: 7906: 7898: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7885: 7880: 7874: 7873: 7865: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7852: 7846: 7845: 7838: 7830: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7817: 7811: 7810: 7805: 7797: 7792: 7790: 7787: 7784: 7778: 7777: 7770: 7762: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7749: 7743: 7742: 7737: 7729: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7716: 7710: 7709: 7704: 7701: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7688: 7683: 7677: 7676: 7673: 7670: 7667: 7664: 7661: 7658: 7639: 7636: 7633: 7632: 7629: 7622: 7617: 7615: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7602: 7599: 7596: 7590: 7589: 7584: 7577: 7572: 7570: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7557: 7554: 7551: 7546: 7540: 7539: 7532: 7527: 7525: 7520: 7518: 7515: 7512: 7509: 7506: 7500: 7499: 7494: 7487: 7482: 7480: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7467: 7464: 7461: 7455: 7454: 7447: 7442: 7440: 7435: 7433: 7430: 7427: 7424: 7421: 7415: 7414: 7411: 7406: 7399: 7394: 7392: 7387: 7385: 7382: 7379: 7376: 7373: 7367: 7366: 7363: 7358: 7351: 7346: 7344: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7331: 7328: 7325: 7320: 7314: 7313: 7310: 7309:Winning party 7307: 7304: 7301: 7298: 7295: 7292: 7289: 7286: 7283: 7271: 7268: 7265: 7264: 7261: 7253: 7250: 7247: 7239: 7236: 7233: 7227: 7226: 7223: 7215: 7212: 7209: 7201: 7198: 7195: 7189: 7188: 7185: 7182: 7174: 7171: 7168: 7163: 7157: 7156: 7153: 7150: 7142: 7139: 7136: 7130: 7129: 7126: 7118: 7115: 7112: 7104: 7101: 7098: 7092: 7091: 7088: 7085: 7077: 7074: 7071: 7065: 7064: 7061: 7058: 7050: 7047: 7044: 7039: 7033: 7032: 7027: 7021: 7020: 7017: 7014: 7006: 7003: 7000: 6995: 6989: 6988: 6985: 6982: 6979: 6976: 6973: 6969: 6968: 6965: 6962: 6959: 6956: 6955:Election year 6949: 6946: 6943: 6942: 6934: 6932: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6919: 6916: 6913: 6908: 6902: 6901: 6893: 6891: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6878: 6875: 6872: 6866: 6865: 6857: 6855: 6850: 6848: 6845: 6842: 6839: 6836: 6830: 6829: 6821: 6819: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6806: 6803: 6800: 6795: 6789: 6788: 6781: 6776: 6774: 6771: 6768: 6765: 6762: 6756: 6755: 6747: 6745: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6732: 6729: 6726: 6720: 6719: 6711: 6709: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6696: 6693: 6690: 6684: 6683: 6675: 6673: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6660: 6657: 6654: 6648: 6647: 6639: 6637: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6624: 6621: 6618: 6612: 6611: 6603: 6601: 6596: 6594: 6591: 6588: 6585: 6582: 6576: 6575: 6568: 6563: 6561: 6558: 6555: 6552: 6549: 6543: 6542: 6535: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6522: 6519: 6516: 6510: 6509: 6502: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6489: 6486: 6483: 6478: 6472: 6471: 6468: 6465: 6462: 6459: 6456: 6453: 6450: 6449:Election year 6438: 6435: 6417: 6414: 6397: 6394: 6393: 6392: 6389: 6383: 6377: 6371: 6365: 6359: 6353: 6347: 6344: 6341: 6338: 6335: 6327: 6324: 6323: 6322: 6321:(2022-present) 6319:Hélène Laporte 6316: 6313: 6311:David Rachline 6308: 6299: 6298: 6292: 6286: 6280: 6274: 6268: 6262: 6251: 6248: 6245: 6244: 6240: 6239: 6236: 6227: 6216: 6212: 6211: 6208:National Rally 6183: 6182: 6179: 6176: 6165: 6161: 6160: 6124: 6123: 6120: 6117: 6106: 6102: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6088: 6081: 6078: 6066:Hélène Laporte 6054:Julien Sanchez 6046:David Rachline 6029: 6026: 6013:Amichai Chikli 5946:government to 5869:Giorgia Meloni 5826:Matteo Salvini 5655:Volya Movement 5575:European Right 5555:European Right 5546: 5543: 5522: 5519: 5502: 5499: 5470: 5467: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5369: 5366: 5352: 5349: 5332: 5331:European Union 5329: 5303:Emmanuel Leroy 5265:, through the 5255:Vladimir Putin 5250: 5247: 5208:Western Sahara 5149:Saddam Hussein 5125:Treaty of Rome 5097:European Union 5092: 5091:Foreign policy 5089: 5076:National Front 5067: 5064: 5051: 5048: 4976:market liberal 4967: 4964: 4936: 4933: 4916:Following the 4897: 4894: 4863:zero tolerance 4854: 4851: 4763: 4762: 4760: 4759: 4752: 4745: 4737: 4734: 4733: 4732: 4731: 4719: 4704: 4703: 4700: 4699: 4694: 4685: 4680: 4675: 4670: 4665: 4660: 4655: 4652:Archeofuturism 4647: 4645:Related topics 4644: 4643: 4640: 4639: 4636: 4635: 4628: 4621: 4618:Nouvelle École 4614: 4607: 4597: 4590: 4583: 4576: 4569: 4562: 4555: 4548: 4541: 4535: 4532: 4531: 4528: 4527: 4524: 4523: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4495: 4486: 4477: 4462: 4461: 4452: 4447: 4438: 4436:March for Life 4433: 4424: 4419: 4411: 4398: 4395: 4394: 4391: 4390: 4387: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4359:Party of Order 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4325: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4302:National Rally 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4265: 4262: 4261: 4258: 4257: 4254: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4163: 4162: 4161: 4151: 4146: 4141: 4136: 4131: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4105: 4102: 4101: 4098: 4097: 4094: 4093: 4083: 4073: 4063: 4053: 4043: 4033: 4025: 4015: 4005: 3995: 3985: 3975: 3965: 3955: 3945: 3935: 3925: 3914: 3911: 3910: 3907: 3906: 3903: 3902: 3897: 3892: 3890:de Tocqueville 3887: 3882: 3877: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3857: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3827: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3787: 3782: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3757: 3752: 3747: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3686: 3683: 3682: 3679: 3678: 3675: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3648: 3647: 3642: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3612: 3602: 3599: 3598: 3595: 3594: 3591: 3590: 3585: 3576: 3571: 3565: 3560: 3555: 3550: 3549: 3548: 3534: 3529: 3527:French culture 3524: 3519: 3517:Ethnopluralism 3514: 3513: 3512: 3503: 3493: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3472:Anti-communism 3468: 3465: 3464: 3461: 3460: 3457: 3456: 3451: 3450: 3449: 3444: 3435: 3430: 3420: 3411: 3410: 3409: 3407:Ultramontanism 3404: 3399: 3389: 3384: 3383: 3382: 3373: 3362: 3359: 3358: 3355: 3354: 3346: 3345: 3337: 3336: 3325: 3322: 3279:Main article: 3276: 3273: 3241: 3238: 3227:Main article: 3224: 3221: 3180:souverainistes 3094:In late 2017, 3059:Main article: 3056: 3053: 2997:Hénin-Beaumont 2972: 2969: 2889:Main article: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2878: 2815: 2812: 2778: 2775: 2728: 2725: 2683:The FN won an 2652:Salman Rushdie 2626:National Hebdo 2585: 2582: 2573:Jacques Chirac 2469: 2466: 2464: 2461: 2445:political left 2395:Bernard Antony 2366: 2363: 2347:anti-communism 2293:Front National 2260: 2259: 2250: 2249: 2241: 2240: 2239: 2238: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2225: 2222: 2218:Count of Paris 2165:). During the 2151:French Algeria 2139:Pierre Poujade 2122: 2119: 2016:Jacques Chirac 1996:zero tolerance 1984:European Union 1922:Front national 1918:National Front 1897:National Rally 1891: 1890: 1888: 1887: 1880: 1873: 1865: 1862: 1861: 1860: 1859: 1847: 1832: 1831: 1828: 1827: 1822: 1813: 1808: 1803: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1783: 1780:Archeofuturism 1775: 1773:Related topics 1772: 1771: 1768: 1767: 1764: 1763: 1756: 1749: 1746:Nouvelle École 1742: 1735: 1725: 1718: 1711: 1704: 1697: 1690: 1683: 1676: 1669: 1663: 1660: 1659: 1656: 1655: 1652: 1651: 1642: 1637: 1632: 1623: 1614: 1605: 1590: 1589: 1580: 1575: 1566: 1564:March for Life 1561: 1552: 1547: 1539: 1526: 1523: 1522: 1519: 1518: 1515: 1514: 1509: 1504: 1499: 1494: 1489: 1487:Party of Order 1484: 1479: 1474: 1469: 1464: 1453: 1452: 1447: 1442: 1437: 1432: 1430:National Rally 1427: 1422: 1417: 1412: 1407: 1402: 1393: 1390: 1389: 1386: 1385: 1382: 1381: 1376: 1371: 1366: 1361: 1356: 1351: 1346: 1341: 1336: 1331: 1326: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1306: 1301: 1296: 1291: 1290: 1289: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1233: 1230: 1229: 1226: 1225: 1222: 1221: 1211: 1201: 1191: 1181: 1171: 1161: 1153: 1143: 1133: 1123: 1113: 1103: 1093: 1083: 1073: 1063: 1053: 1042: 1039: 1038: 1035: 1034: 1031: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1018:de Tocqueville 1015: 1010: 1005: 1000: 995: 990: 985: 980: 975: 970: 965: 960: 955: 950: 945: 940: 935: 930: 925: 920: 915: 910: 905: 900: 895: 890: 885: 880: 875: 870: 865: 860: 855: 850: 845: 840: 835: 830: 825: 820: 814: 811: 810: 807: 806: 803: 802: 797: 792: 787: 782: 777: 776: 775: 770: 760: 755: 750: 745: 740: 730: 727: 726: 723: 722: 719: 718: 713: 704: 699: 693: 688: 683: 678: 677: 676: 662: 657: 655:French culture 652: 647: 645:Ethnopluralism 642: 641: 640: 631: 621: 612: 607: 602: 600:Anti-communism 596: 593: 592: 589: 588: 585: 584: 579: 578: 577: 572: 563: 558: 548: 539: 538: 537: 535:Ultramontanism 532: 527: 517: 512: 511: 510: 501: 490: 487: 486: 483: 482: 474: 473: 465: 464: 452: 451: 434: 433: 428: 423: 417: 414: 413: 398: 397: 393: 392: 387: 385: 379: 378: 373: 371: 365: 364: 359: 357: 351: 350: 345: 343: 337: 336: 331: 329: 323: 322: 317: 315: 309: 308: 303: 301: 295: 294: 288: 284: 283: 276: 270: 269: 264: 258: 257: 251: 247: 246: 241: 235: 234: 232: 231: 226: 220: 218: 212: 211: 208: 201: 200: 195: 191: 190: 185: 179: 178: 168: 164: 163: 158: 154: 153: 140: 136: 135: 126: 122: 121: 115: 111: 110: 108: 107: 105:Hélène Laporte 102: 100:David Rachline 97: 91: 89: 85: 84: 79: 75: 74: 71: 67: 66: 58: 57: 51:National Rally 50: 49: 39:National Front 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 19679: 19668: 19665: 19663: 19660: 19658: 19655: 19653: 19650: 19648: 19645: 19643: 19640: 19638: 19635: 19633: 19630: 19628: 19625: 19623: 19620: 19618: 19615: 19613: 19610: 19608: 19605: 19603: 19600: 19598: 19595: 19593: 19590: 19589: 19587: 19571: 19567: 19564: 19562: 19559: 19557: 19554: 19551: 19547: 19544: 19542: 19539: 19538: 19536: 19532: 19526: 19523: 19521: 19520: 19516: 19514: 19511: 19509: 19508: 19504: 19502: 19501: 19497: 19495: 19492: 19487: 19483: 19481: 19480: 19476: 19474: 19473: 19469: 19467: 19466: 19462: 19461: 19459: 19455: 19447: 19446: 19442: 19441: 19440: 19437: 19435: 19434: 19430: 19428: 19427: 19423: 19421: 19420: 19416: 19415: 19413: 19409: 19403: 19400: 19398: 19395: 19393: 19390: 19388: 19385: 19383: 19380: 19378: 19375: 19373: 19370: 19368: 19365: 19363: 19360: 19358: 19355: 19353: 19350: 19348: 19345: 19343: 19340: 19338: 19335: 19333: 19330: 19328: 19325: 19323: 19320: 19318: 19315: 19313: 19310: 19308: 19305: 19303: 19300: 19298: 19295: 19293: 19290: 19288: 19285: 19283: 19280: 19278: 19275: 19273: 19270: 19268: 19265: 19263: 19260: 19258: 19255: 19253: 19250: 19248: 19245: 19243: 19240: 19238: 19235: 19233: 19230: 19228: 19225: 19223: 19220: 19218: 19215: 19213: 19210: 19208: 19205: 19203: 19200: 19198: 19195: 19193: 19190: 19188: 19185: 19183: 19180: 19178: 19175: 19173: 19170: 19168: 19165: 19163: 19160: 19158: 19155: 19154: 19152: 19148: 19142: 19139: 19137: 19134: 19132: 19129: 19127: 19124: 19122: 19119: 19117: 19114: 19112: 19109: 19107: 19104: 19102: 19099: 19097: 19094: 19092: 19089: 19087: 19084: 19082: 19079: 19077: 19074: 19072: 19069: 19067: 19064: 19062: 19059: 19057: 19054: 19052: 19049: 19047: 19044: 19042: 19039: 19037: 19034: 19032: 19029: 19027: 19024: 19023: 19021: 19019:Active groups 19017: 19011: 19008: 19006: 19003: 19001: 18998: 18996: 18993: 18991: 18988: 18986: 18983: 18981: 18978: 18976: 18973: 18971: 18970:Ordre Nouveau 18968: 18966: 18963: 18961: 18958: 18956: 18953: 18951: 18948: 18946: 18943: 18941: 18938: 18936: 18933: 18931: 18928: 18926: 18923: 18921: 18918: 18916: 18915:Europe-Action 18913: 18911: 18908: 18907: 18905: 18899: 18893: 18890: 18888: 18885: 18883: 18880: 18878: 18875: 18873: 18870: 18868: 18865: 18863: 18860: 18858: 18855: 18853: 18850: 18848: 18845: 18843: 18840: 18838: 18835: 18833: 18830: 18828: 18825: 18823: 18820: 18818: 18815: 18813: 18810: 18808: 18805: 18803: 18800: 18798: 18795: 18793: 18790: 18788: 18785: 18783: 18780: 18778: 18775: 18773: 18770: 18768: 18765: 18763: 18760: 18758: 18755: 18754: 18752: 18748: 18742: 18741: 18737: 18735: 18734: 18730: 18728: 18725: 18723: 18720: 18718: 18717: 18713: 18711: 18710: 18706: 18704: 18703: 18699: 18697: 18696: 18692: 18690: 18689: 18685: 18683: 18680: 18678: 18675: 18673: 18672: 18668: 18666: 18665: 18661: 18659: 18658: 18654: 18652: 18649: 18647: 18644: 18642: 18641: 18637: 18636: 18634: 18630: 18624: 18621: 18619: 18616: 18614: 18611: 18609: 18606: 18604: 18601: 18599: 18596: 18595: 18593: 18589: 18585: 18578: 18573: 18571: 18566: 18564: 18559: 18558: 18555: 18542: 18539: 18536: 18535:Marine Le Pen 18533: 18531: 18530:Le Pen family 18528: 18527: 18525: 18521: 18514: 18513: 18509: 18508: 18506: 18502: 18495: 18492: 18489: 18486: 18483: 18480: 18479: 18477: 18475:Organisations 18473: 18469: 18462: 18457: 18455: 18450: 18448: 18443: 18442: 18439: 18422: 18418: 18415: 18411: 18410: 18408: 18404: 18397: 18393: 18392: 18390: 18386: 18383: 18379: 18371: 18367: 18363: 18359: 18356: 18352: 18349: 18345: 18340: 18335: 18331: 18328: 18324: 18323: 18321: 18319: 18313: 18304: 18299: 18298:Lyon Congress 18295: 18292: 18288: 18287: 18285: 18281: 18273: 18269: 18265: 18261: 18260: 18258: 18254: 18246: 18242: 18238: 18234: 18233: 18231: 18227: 18219: 18215: 18211: 18210:Steeve Briois 18207: 18203: 18199: 18195: 18191: 18187: 18183: 18179: 18175: 18171: 18167: 18166: 18164: 18160: 18152: 18148: 18144: 18140: 18136: 18132: 18128: 18124: 18120: 18116: 18112: 18108: 18104: 18100: 18096: 18092: 18088: 18084: 18080: 18076: 18072: 18068: 18064: 18060: 18059: 18057: 18053: 18045: 18044:Steeve Briois 18041: 18037: 18033: 18029: 18025: 18021: 18017: 18013: 18009: 18008: 18006: 18002: 17994: 17993:Marine Le Pen 17990: 17986: 17982: 17981: 17979: 17977: 17971: 17967: 17958: 17953: 17951: 17946: 17944: 17939: 17938: 17935: 17925: 17921: 17917: 17911: 17905: 17902: 17900: 17897: 17896: 17894: 17892: 17888: 17882: 17879: 17877: 17874: 17872: 17869: 17868: 17866: 17864: 17860: 17854: 17851: 17849: 17846: 17845: 17843: 17841: 17837: 17831: 17828: 17826: 17823: 17821: 17818: 17816: 17813: 17812: 17810: 17808: 17804: 17798: 17795: 17793: 17790: 17789: 17787: 17785: 17781: 17777: 17769: 17764: 17762: 17757: 17755: 17750: 17749: 17746: 17736: 17732: 17727: 17721: 17720: 17715: 17713: 17710: 17709: 17707: 17701: 17695: 17694: 17689: 17687: 17684: 17683: 17681: 17677: 17671: 17670: 17665: 17663: 17660: 17659: 17657: 17651: 17645: 17642: 17641: 17639: 17635: 17625: 17620: 17615: 17614: 17612: 17608: 17602: 17597: 17592: 17590: 17585: 17580: 17578: 17573: 17568: 17566: 17561: 17556: 17554: 17549: 17544: 17542: 17537: 17532: 17530: 17525: 17520: 17518: 17513: 17508: 17506: 17501: 17496: 17495: 17493: 17489: 17486: 17482: 17478: 17472: 17468: 17459: 17454: 17452: 17447: 17445: 17440: 17439: 17436: 17430: 17427: 17425: 17422: 17420: 17417: 17415: 17411: 17408: 17405: 17399: 17393: 17388: 17387: 17377: 17373: 17369: 17365: 17359: 17355: 17350: 17346: 17342: 17338: 17334: 17329: 17314: 17310: 17304: 17300: 17293: 17288: 17276: 17272: 17267: 17263: 17258: 17254: 17250: 17246: 17242: 17238: 17234: 17229: 17225: 17219: 17216:. Routledge. 17215: 17214: 17208: 17204: 17198: 17194: 17189: 17188: 17177: 17171: 17167: 17163: 17162: 17156: 17152: 17146: 17142: 17138: 17133: 17129: 17123: 17119: 17118: 17112: 17108: 17102: 17099:. Routledge. 17098: 17093: 17089: 17087:9780674971530 17083: 17079: 17075: 17071: 17067: 17066: 17044: 17038: 17022: 17018: 17015:(in French). 17014: 17008: 16992: 16988: 16985:(in French). 16984: 16978: 16962: 16958: 16955:(in French). 16954: 16948: 16932: 16928: 16925:(in French). 16924: 16918: 16902: 16898: 16895:(in French). 16894: 16888: 16872: 16868: 16862: 16860: 16858: 16856: 16848: 16843: 16841: 16839: 16837: 16835: 16833: 16831: 16829: 16812: 16808: 16804: 16797: 16791: 16790: 16783: 16779: 16776: 16770: 16754: 16750: 16746: 16740: 16724: 16720: 16716: 16710: 16694: 16690: 16686: 16680: 16664: 16660: 16656: 16650: 16634: 16630: 16626: 16620: 16604: 16601:(in French). 16600: 16596: 16589: 16581: 16577: 16571: 16555: 16551: 16547: 16543: 16539: 16532: 16530: 16528: 16511: 16507: 16503: 16497: 16489: 16485: 16479: 16471: 16467: 16461: 16453: 16449: 16443: 16435: 16431: 16425: 16417: 16413: 16407: 16399: 16395: 16388: 16380: 16374: 16358: 16354: 16353: 16348: 16342: 16326: 16322: 16321: 16316: 16310: 16294: 16290: 16289: 16284: 16278: 16270: 16266: 16260: 16244: 16240: 16234: 16226: 16222: 16216: 16200: 16193: 16177: 16173: 16167: 16159: 16155: 16149: 16141: 16137: 16131: 16123: 16119: 16113: 16105: 16101: 16095: 16087: 16083: 16077: 16061: 16057: 16051: 16043: 16042:The Spectator 16039: 16033: 16025: 16021: 16015: 16008:. 5 May 2019. 16007: 16003: 15997: 15995: 15986: 15982: 15976: 15970: 15965: 15949: 15945: 15944: 15943:New Statesman 15939: 15933: 15925: 15924:The Telegraph 15921: 15915: 15907: 15903: 15897: 15889: 15885: 15879: 15871: 15865: 15857: 15851: 15843: 15837: 15821: 15817: 15816: 15815:The Telegraph 15811: 15805: 15789: 15785: 15779: 15763: 15760:(in French). 15759: 15755: 15748: 15732: 15728: 15724: 15717: 15709: 15703: 15687: 15683: 15676: 15668: 15662: 15643: 15636: 15630: 15614: 15610: 15604: 15588: 15584: 15583: 15578: 15571: 15555: 15552:. France 24. 15551: 15544: 15533: 15529: 15522: 15521: 15513: 15498:. 8 July 2024 15497: 15493: 15487: 15480: 15475: 15468: 15463: 15456: 15451: 15435: 15429: 15413: 15406: 15399: 15386: 15382: 15378: 15371: 15355: 15351: 15350: 15345: 15339: 15323: 15319: 15315: 15308: 15292: 15288: 15287: 15282: 15276: 15274: 15257: 15253: 15252: 15247: 15240: 15224: 15220: 15219: 15214: 15207: 15205: 15188: 15184: 15183: 15182:The Economist 15178: 15172: 15156: 15152: 15148: 15141: 15125: 15122:. France 24. 15121: 15114: 15098: 15094: 15090: 15084: 15077: 15072: 15056: 15052: 15051: 15046: 15040: 15024: 15020: 15019: 15014: 15008: 14992: 14988: 14987: 14982: 14976: 14969: 14964: 14948: 14944: 14938: 14922: 14918: 14912: 14904: 14900: 14894: 14883: 14879: 14875: 14860: 14853: 14849: 14848: 14844: 14828: 14824: 14818: 14802: 14798: 14794: 14788: 14772: 14768: 14762: 14746: 14742: 14736: 14720: 14716: 14712: 14706: 14695: 14691: 14687: 14683: 14679: 14675: 14671: 14667: 14663: 14662: 14658: 14650: 14646: 14642: 14638: 14633: 14628: 14624: 14620: 14616: 14612: 14605: 14597: 14593: 14587: 14579: 14575: 14569: 14561: 14557: 14551: 14535: 14531: 14530: 14525: 14518: 14510: 14506: 14502: 14495: 14479: 14475: 14474: 14469: 14462: 14446: 14442: 14438: 14431: 14415: 14411: 14405: 14389: 14385: 14379: 14373: 14369: 14366: 14362: 14354: 14350: 14349: 14344: 14337: 14335: 14333: 14324: 14320: 14314: 14306: 14302: 14296: 14288: 14284: 14278: 14270: 14266: 14260: 14252: 14248: 14242: 14234: 14228: 14220: 14214: 14207: 14203: 14199: 14193: 14185: 14181: 14175: 14168: 14164: 14160: 14154: 14138: 14134: 14133: 14128: 14127:"Madame Rage" 14121: 14105: 14101: 14097: 14090: 14074: 14070: 14064: 14048: 14044: 14043: 14038: 14031: 14029: 14021: 14016: 14014: 14012: 14004: 13999: 13992: 13987: 13971: 13967: 13961: 13953: 13947: 13931: 13927: 13921: 13913: 13909: 13903: 13901: 13899: 13890: 13886: 13880: 13872: 13868: 13862: 13854: 13850: 13844: 13836: 13832: 13826: 13811: 13807: 13800: 13785: 13781: 13774: 13758: 13754: 13748: 13732: 13728: 13724: 13717: 13701: 13697: 13691: 13684: 13679: 13672: 13667: 13665: 13663: 13661: 13649: 13645: 13641: 13629: 13625: 13624: 13619: 13614: 13613: 13609: 13593: 13589: 13588: 13583: 13576: 13570: 13562: 13558: 13551: 13543: 13539: 13532: 13524: 13520: 13513: 13505: 13499: 13492: 13487: 13483: 13477: 13469: 13468: 13463: 13457: 13449: 13445: 13439: 13437: 13435: 13419: 13415: 13408: 13392: 13388: 13387: 13382: 13375: 13373: 13365: 13361: 13358: 13350: 13334: 13330: 13324: 13308: 13304: 13303: 13302:The Telegraph 13298: 13291: 13284: 13279: 13277: 13270:, p. 95. 13269: 13264: 13262: 13254: 13249: 13233: 13229: 13225: 13219: 13212: 13211: 13207: 13201: 13194: 13193: 13192:The Telegraph 13189: 13183: 13181: 13179: 13177: 13160: 13156: 13152: 13145: 13130: 13129:The Telegraph 13126: 13119: 13117: 13115: 13108: 13100: 13094: 13090: 13089: 13081: 13065: 13061: 13054: 13038: 13034: 13030: 13023: 13007: 13003: 12999: 12992: 12976: 12972: 12966: 12959: 12954: 12947: 12942: 12935: 12930: 12928: 12920: 12915: 12900: 12896: 12890: 12874: 12870: 12864: 12857: 12852: 12843: 12839: 12836: 12835: 12830: 12827: 12825: 12822: 12810: 12806: 12801: 12799: 12796: 12795: 12791: 12775: 12769: 12753: 12749: 12745: 12739: 12731: 12727: 12720: 12718: 12709: 12705: 12699: 12691: 12684: 12676: 12672: 12665: 12649: 12645: 12639: 12623: 12619: 12613: 12597: 12593: 12587: 12571: 12567: 12561: 12545: 12541: 12537: 12530: 12514: 12510: 12504: 12488: 12484: 12478: 12462: 12458: 12452: 12436: 12432: 12426: 12410: 12406: 12400: 12384: 12380: 12374: 12368: 12367: 12362: 12359: 12355: 12352: 12346: 12340: 12339: 12335: 12331: 12328: 12322: 12307: 12306: 12298: 12282: 12278: 12274: 12270: 12265: 12257: 12241: 12237: 12236: 12231: 12224: 12208: 12205:(in French). 12204: 12203: 12198: 12191: 12175: 12171: 12167: 12161: 12154: 12150: 12147: 12141: 12125: 12121: 12117: 12113: 12112: 12106: 12098: 12082: 12078: 12074: 12067: 12051: 12047: 12046:The Economist 12043: 12036: 12020: 12016: 12012: 12005: 11999: 11995: 11992: 11988: 11972: 11968: 11964: 11958: 11942: 11938: 11934: 11927: 11911: 11907: 11906:The Telegraph 11903: 11896: 11880: 11876: 11872: 11866: 11850: 11846: 11840: 11824: 11820: 11814: 11812: 11795: 11791: 11790: 11785: 11778: 11762: 11758: 11752: 11736: 11732: 11731: 11726: 11719: 11703: 11700:. France 24. 11699: 11692: 11676: 11673:. France 24. 11672: 11665: 11649: 11645: 11644: 11639: 11633: 11617: 11613: 11609: 11603: 11601: 11584: 11580: 11576: 11570: 11568: 11551: 11547: 11546: 11545:The Telegraph 11541: 11534: 11518: 11514: 11513: 11508: 11501: 11486: 11482: 11476: 11460: 11457:(in French). 11456: 11455: 11450: 11443: 11436: 11431: 11429: 11421: 11416: 11409: 11404: 11397: 11392: 11385: 11380: 11373: 11368: 11361: 11356: 11354: 11346: 11341: 11334: 11329: 11327: 11319: 11314: 11307: 11302: 11300: 11298: 11290: 11285: 11283: 11266: 11262: 11261: 11260:The Telegraph 11256: 11249: 11247: 11245: 11243: 11241: 11233: 11228: 11221: 11216: 11200: 11196: 11190: 11186: 11182: 11175: 11168: 11163: 11161: 11159: 11151: 11146: 11139: 11134: 11127: 11122: 11115: 11110: 11108: 11106: 11098: 11093: 11077: 11073: 11067: 11060: 11055: 11048: 11043: 11036: 11031: 11024: 11019: 11012: 11007: 11005: 11003: 10995: 10990: 10983: 10978: 10971: 10966: 10964: 10956: 10951: 10944: 10939: 10932: 10927: 10921:, p. 93. 10920: 10915: 10908: 10903: 10896: 10891: 10884: 10879: 10872: 10867: 10860: 10855: 10849:, p. 90. 10848: 10843: 10841: 10833: 10828: 10821: 10816: 10809: 10804: 10802: 10795:, p. 70. 10794: 10789: 10782: 10777: 10771:, p. 68. 10770: 10765: 10758: 10753: 10751: 10749: 10747: 10745: 10743: 10735: 10730: 10714: 10707: 10700: 10694:, p. 80. 10693: 10688: 10686: 10678: 10673: 10671: 10663: 10658: 10651: 10646: 10639: 10634: 10632: 10630: 10628: 10626: 10624: 10616: 10611: 10609: 10607: 10605: 10603: 10595: 10590: 10583: 10578: 10572:, p. 63. 10571: 10566: 10560:, p. 62. 10559: 10554: 10548:, p. 76. 10547: 10542: 10535: 10530: 10524:, p. 61. 10523: 10518: 10511: 10506: 10504: 10502: 10500: 10498: 10496: 10489:, p. 60. 10488: 10483: 10481: 10473: 10468: 10466: 10464: 10462: 10460: 10452: 10447: 10431: 10427: 10426: 10421: 10414: 10406: 10400: 10396: 10395: 10387: 10380: 10375: 10368: 10363: 10356: 10351: 10349: 10347: 10339: 10334: 10328:, p. 43. 10327: 10322: 10315: 10310: 10303: 10298: 10291: 10286: 10279: 10274: 10267: 10262: 10255: 10250: 10244:, p. 41. 10243: 10238: 10236: 10228: 10223: 10221: 10219: 10211: 10206: 10199: 10194: 10192: 10190: 10182: 10177: 10170: 10165: 10163: 10155: 10150: 10143: 10138: 10132:, p. 39. 10131: 10126: 10124: 10116: 10111: 10104: 10099: 10092: 10087: 10071: 10067: 10063: 10059: 10055: 10048: 10042:, p. 13. 10041: 10036: 10030:, p. 94. 10029: 10024: 10017: 10012: 10005: 10000: 9993: 9988: 9986: 9978: 9973: 9966: 9961: 9953: 9947: 9943: 9942: 9934: 9927: 9922: 9915: 9910: 9903: 9898: 9891: 9886: 9879: 9874: 9859: 9855: 9849: 9833: 9829: 9825: 9819: 9803: 9799: 9795: 9789: 9787: 9770: 9766: 9762: 9755: 9739: 9735: 9731: 9725: 9723: 9706: 9702: 9698: 9692: 9690: 9677: 9673: 9668: 9667: 9666: 9665: 9655: 9651: 9644: 9628: 9624: 9618: 9602: 9598: 9594: 9587: 9571: 9567: 9561: 9543: 9539: 9535: 9531: 9519: 9515: 9511: 9507: 9506: 9502: 9484: 9480: 9476: 9472: 9471: 9456: 9452: 9448: 9444: 9443: 9428: 9424: 9419: 9418: 9403: 9399: 9395: 9394: 9390: 9375: 9374: 9369: 9363: 9348: 9344: 9338: 9336: 9319: 9315: 9314: 9309: 9303: 9301: 9293: 9288: 9281: 9276: 9269: 9265: 9261: 9253: 9237: 9233: 9227: 9220: 9215: 9208: 9204: 9200: 9196: 9192: 9185: 9179: 9163: 9159: 9153: 9149: 9145: 9144: 9136: 9128: 9124: 9120: 9116: 9112: 9108: 9104: 9100: 9093: 9077: 9073: 9067: 9063: 9059: 9055: 9048: 9032: 9028: 9021: 9001: 8997: 8996: 8991: 8986: 8974: 8971:. France 24. 8970: 8965: 8953: 8949: 8945: 8940: 8928: 8924: 8920: 8915: 8903: 8899: 8895: 8890: 8878: 8875:. France 24. 8874: 8869: 8857: 8853: 8849: 8844: 8840: 8836: 8832: 8827: 8815: 8812:. France 24. 8811: 8806: 8794: 8790: 8786: 8785: 8784: 8781: 8776:(1): 679–695. 8775: 8771: 8766: 8762: 8756: 8752: 8747: 8745: 8742: 8738: 8736:9781349284764 8732: 8728: 8723: 8719: 8713: 8709: 8705: 8700: 8696: 8692: 8688: 8684: 8680: 8676: 8672: 8667: 8663: 8659: 8655: 8651: 8647: 8643: 8638: 8634: 8630: 8626: 8622: 8617: 8613: 8611:9780472084418 8607: 8603: 8598: 8594: 8588: 8584: 8579: 8575: 8570: 8566: 8560: 8556: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8537: 8535:9782020232005 8531: 8527: 8522: 8521: 8520: 8517: 8516: 8514: 8508: 8506: 8486: 8482: 8478: 8473: 8461: 8457: 8453: 8449: 8448: 8444: 8433: 8432:The Economist 8429: 8425: 8421: 8417: 8413: 8409: 8403: 8399: 8395: 8391: 8386: 8385: 8381: 8373: 8367: 8351: 8347: 8343: 8336: 8320: 8316: 8312: 8305: 8289: 8285: 8278: 8274: 8258: 8251: 8245: 8236: 8227: 8218: 8208: 8202: 8196: 8190: 8184: 8174: 8167: 8163: 8159: 8156:(1999–2001), 8155: 8151: 8147: 8141: 8137: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8113: 8098: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8086: 8078: 8075: 8072: 8070: 8067: 8066: 8058: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8046: 8038: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8026: 8022: 8019: 8016: 8013: 8012: 7998: 7992: 7988: 7981: 7978: 7970: 7963: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7952: 7951: 7948: 7945: 7937: 7930: 7927: 7924: 7922: 7917: 7914: 7913: 7910: 7907: 7899: 7892: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7883:Marine Le Pen 7881: 7879: 7876: 7875: 7866: 7859: 7856: 7853: 7851: 7848: 7847: 7844: 7843: 7831: 7824: 7821: 7818: 7816: 7813: 7812: 7809: 7806: 7798: 7791: 7788: 7785: 7783: 7780: 7779: 7776: 7775: 7771: 7763: 7756: 7753: 7750: 7748: 7745: 7744: 7741: 7738: 7730: 7723: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7711: 7708: 7705: 7702: 7695: 7692: 7689: 7687: 7682: 7679: 7678: 7674: 7671: 7668: 7665: 7662: 7659: 7656: 7655: 7652: 7651: 7645: 7630: 7623: 7616: 7609: 7606: 7603: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7591: 7588: 7585: 7578: 7571: 7564: 7561: 7558: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7549:Marine Le Pen 7545: 7542: 7541: 7533: 7526: 7519: 7516: 7513: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7501: 7498: 7488: 7481: 7474: 7471: 7468: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7456: 7448: 7441: 7434: 7431: 7428: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7416: 7410: 7400: 7393: 7386: 7383: 7380: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7368: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7352: 7345: 7338: 7335: 7332: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7319: 7316: 7315: 7311: 7308: 7305: 7302: 7299: 7296: 7293: 7290: 7287: 7284: 7281: 7280: 7277: 7262: 7254: 7251: 7248: 7240: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7228: 7224: 7216: 7213: 7210: 7202: 7199: 7196: 7194: 7191: 7190: 7186: 7175: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7166:Marine Le Pen 7162: 7159: 7158: 7154: 7143: 7140: 7137: 7135: 7132: 7131: 7127: 7119: 7116: 7113: 7105: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7093: 7089: 7078: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7066: 7062: 7051: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7038: 7035: 7034: 7031: 7026: 7023: 7022: 7018: 7007: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6990: 6986: 6983: 6980: 6977: 6974: 6971: 6970: 6964:Second round 6953: 6933: 6926: 6923: 6920: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6903: 6892: 6885: 6882: 6879: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6867: 6856: 6849: 6846: 6843: 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6831: 6820: 6813: 6810: 6807: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6798:Marine Le Pen 6794: 6791: 6790: 6782: 6775: 6772: 6769: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6757: 6746: 6739: 6736: 6733: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6721: 6710: 6703: 6700: 6697: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6685: 6674: 6667: 6664: 6661: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6649: 6638: 6631: 6628: 6625: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6613: 6602: 6595: 6592: 6589: 6586: 6583: 6581: 6578: 6577: 6569: 6562: 6559: 6556: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6544: 6536: 6529: 6526: 6523: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6511: 6503: 6496: 6493: 6490: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6477: 6474: 6473: 6469: 6466: 6463: 6460: 6457: 6454: 6451: 6448: 6447: 6444: 6434: 6432: 6428: 6424: 6413: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6390: 6387: 6384: 6381: 6380:Steeve Briois 6378: 6375: 6372: 6369: 6366: 6363: 6360: 6357: 6354: 6351: 6348: 6345: 6342: 6339: 6336: 6333: 6332: 6331: 6320: 6317: 6314: 6312: 6309: 6307: 6304: 6303: 6302: 6297:, (2019–2022) 6296: 6293: 6290: 6289:Steeve Briois 6287: 6284: 6281: 6278: 6275: 6272: 6269: 6266: 6263: 6260: 6257: 6256: 6255: 6241: 6237: 6235: 6228: 6226: 6221: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6197: 6193: 6189: 6184: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6174:Marine Le Pen 6170: 6162: 6158: 6154: 6150: 6146: 6142: 6138: 6134: 6130: 6125: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6111: 6103: 6097: 6092: 6089: 6086: 6085: 6077: 6075: 6071: 6067: 6063: 6059: 6055: 6052:(treasurer), 6051: 6050:Kévin Pfeffer 6047: 6043: 6039: 6038:Steeve Briois 6036:(president), 6035: 6025: 6022: 6018: 6014: 6010: 6005: 6003: 5999: 5994: 5992: 5988: 5984: 5980: 5976: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5959: 5957: 5953: 5949: 5945: 5941: 5940:Narendra Modi 5937: 5932: 5930: 5926: 5922: 5918: 5913: 5911: 5907: 5903: 5902:Nenad Popović 5899: 5895: 5890: 5887: 5883: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5865: 5863: 5859: 5855: 5851: 5846: 5842: 5837: 5835: 5834:Umberto Bossi 5831: 5827: 5823: 5818: 5816: 5812: 5808: 5804: 5800: 5796: 5795:gold standard 5792: 5788: 5784: 5780: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5763: 5761: 5757: 5756:Bürger in Wut 5753: 5752:Vlaams Belang 5749: 5745: 5741: 5737: 5733: 5729: 5728:Marine Le Pen 5724: 5722: 5718: 5717: 5712: 5708: 5704: 5700: 5699:Welfare Party 5695: 5691: 5686: 5684: 5680: 5676: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5652: 5651:We Are Family 5648: 5644: 5640: 5636: 5632: 5628: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5612: 5608: 5607:Vlaams Belang 5604: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5576: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5552: 5542: 5540: 5536: 5532: 5528: 5527:Marine Le Pen 5518: 5516: 5512: 5508: 5498: 5496: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5482: 5477: 5466: 5463: 5459: 5458:anti-Semitism 5455: 5451: 5446: 5445: 5441: 5438: 5433: 5431: 5427: 5423: 5419: 5414: 5413: 5408: 5396:Controversies 5393: 5389: 5387: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5365: 5364:was ongoing. 5363: 5359: 5348: 5346: 5342: 5338: 5328: 5326: 5322: 5317: 5315: 5310: 5308: 5304: 5300: 5295: 5294: 5289: 5285: 5284: 5279: 5275: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5263:United States 5260: 5256: 5246: 5244: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5228: 5224: 5220: 5216: 5211: 5209: 5205: 5201: 5197: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5156: 5154: 5150: 5147:. He visited 5146: 5143:and the 2003 5142: 5138: 5137:United States 5134: 5130: 5126: 5122: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5102: 5098: 5088: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5073: 5063: 5061: 5057: 5047: 5045: 5041: 5035: 5032: 5028: 5023: 5021: 5020:welfare state 5017: 5016:globalisation 5013: 5009: 5005: 5001: 5000:protectionism 4997: 4996:neoliberalism 4992: 4990: 4986: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4963: 4961: 4956: 4954: 4950: 4946: 4942: 4932: 4928: 4926: 4921: 4919: 4914: 4910: 4902: 4893: 4891: 4886: 4884: 4880: 4874: 4872: 4871:death penalty 4868: 4864: 4860: 4859:law-and-order 4853:Law and order 4850: 4846: 4844: 4840: 4839:working class 4836: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4811: 4806: 4802: 4798: 4797:Michel Winock 4794: 4790: 4786: 4782: 4781:James Shields 4774: 4769: 4758: 4753: 4751: 4746: 4744: 4739: 4738: 4736: 4735: 4730: 4720: 4718: 4708: 4707: 4706: 4705: 4698: 4695: 4692: 4691: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4674: 4671: 4669: 4666: 4664: 4661: 4659: 4656: 4654: 4653: 4649: 4648: 4642: 4641: 4634: 4633: 4629: 4627: 4626: 4622: 4620: 4619: 4615: 4613: 4612: 4608: 4603: 4602: 4598: 4596: 4595: 4591: 4589: 4588: 4584: 4582: 4581: 4577: 4575: 4574: 4570: 4568: 4567: 4563: 4561: 4560: 4559:L'Écho du Sud 4556: 4554: 4553: 4549: 4547: 4546: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4536: 4530: 4529: 4521: 4520: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4508: 4505: 4502: 4501: 4496: 4493: 4492: 4487: 4484: 4483: 4478: 4475: 4474: 4469: 4468: 4467: 4466: 4459: 4458: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4445: 4444: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4431: 4430: 4425: 4423: 4420: 4415: 4412: 4409: 4408: 4403: 4402: 4401: 4396:Organisations 4393: 4392: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4331: 4330: 4329: 4323: 4320: 4318: 4317:Soyons libres 4315: 4313: 4310: 4308: 4305: 4303: 4300: 4298: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4288: 4285: 4283: 4282:French Future 4280: 4278: 4275: 4273: 4270: 4269: 4268: 4260: 4259: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 4229: 4227: 4224: 4222: 4219: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4164: 4160: 4157: 4156: 4155: 4152: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4140: 4137: 4135: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4089: 4088: 4084: 4079: 4078: 4074: 4069: 4068: 4064: 4059: 4058: 4054: 4049: 4048: 4044: 4039: 4038: 4034: 4029: 4026: 4021: 4020: 4016: 4011: 4010: 4006: 4000: 3996: 3991: 3990: 3986: 3981: 3980: 3976: 3971: 3970: 3966: 3961: 3960: 3956: 3951: 3950: 3946: 3941: 3940: 3936: 3931: 3930: 3926: 3921: 3920: 3916: 3915: 3909: 3908: 3901: 3898: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3888: 3886: 3883: 3881: 3878: 3876: 3873: 3871: 3868: 3866: 3863: 3861: 3858: 3856: 3853: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3843: 3841: 3838: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3828: 3826: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3816: 3813: 3811: 3808: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3800:de La Mennais 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3758: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3691: 3688: 3687: 3684:Intellectuals 3681: 3680: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3637: 3636: 3633: 3631: 3628: 3626: 3623: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3610: 3609: 3608:Ancien Régime 3604: 3603: 3597: 3596: 3589: 3586: 3583: 3582: 3581:Souverainisme 3577: 3575: 3572: 3570: 3566: 3564: 3561: 3559: 3556: 3554: 3551: 3546: 3545: 3540: 3539: 3538: 3535: 3533: 3530: 3528: 3525: 3523: 3522:Family values 3520: 3518: 3515: 3510: 3509: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3498: 3497: 3494: 3491: 3490: 3485: 3483: 3480: 3478: 3475: 3473: 3470: 3469: 3463: 3462: 3455: 3452: 3448: 3445: 3442: 3441: 3436: 3434: 3431: 3429: 3426: 3425: 3424: 3421: 3418: 3417: 3412: 3408: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3394: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3385: 3380: 3379: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3368: 3367: 3364: 3363: 3357: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3347: 3344: 3339: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3329: 3321: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3302:opinion polls 3300:According to 3298: 3294: 3292: 3288: 3282: 3272: 3269: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3258:Vlaams Belang 3255: 3251: 3247: 3237: 3235: 3230: 3220: 3218: 3214: 3210: 3205: 3203: 3198: 3196: 3192: 3187: 3185: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3168: 3166: 3162: 3158: 3153: 3151: 3147: 3142: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3111: 3109: 3105: 3101: 3097: 3092: 3090: 3089:Ludovic Pajot 3086: 3082: 3077: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3062: 3052: 3050: 3041: 3037: 3035: 3034: 3028: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2978: 2968: 2966: 2962: 2957: 2955: 2951: 2947: 2942: 2940: 2935: 2933: 2929: 2924: 2922: 2913: 2908: 2901: 2900:Marine Le Pen 2897: 2892: 2877: 2875: 2870: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2855:Pas de Calais 2852: 2851:Marine Le Pen 2848: 2844: 2839: 2837: 2833: 2825: 2820: 2811: 2809: 2805: 2800: 2796: 2795:Lionel Jospin 2792: 2783: 2774: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2759: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2737: 2733: 2724: 2721: 2715: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2681: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2662: 2657: 2653: 2649: 2648: 2641: 2639: 2634: 2632: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2610: 2608: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2592: 2581: 2578: 2574: 2569: 2567: 2563: 2562:death penalty 2559: 2555: 2550: 2548: 2543: 2542:collaborators 2539: 2535: 2531: 2525: 2523: 2518: 2514: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2478: 2474: 2460: 2457: 2455: 2451: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2433: 2431: 2426: 2424: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2362: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2351:Évian Accords 2348: 2344: 2339: 2337: 2333: 2328: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2317:Ordre Nouveau 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2278: 2277:Ordre Nouveau 2268: 2263: 2254: 2245: 2221: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2206: 2205: 2198: 2195: 2194: 2193:Ordre Nouveau 2187: 2186: 2179: 2178: 2172: 2168: 2163: 2157: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2118: 2116: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2098:2022 election 2095: 2091: 2086: 2084: 2080: 2079:Schengen Area 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2059: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2028: 2026: 2021: 2020:Marine Le Pen 2017: 2012: 2008: 2007:Ordre Nouveau 2003: 2001: 2000:law and order 1997: 1993: 1992:protectionism 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1910: 1902: 1898: 1886: 1881: 1879: 1874: 1872: 1867: 1866: 1864: 1863: 1858: 1848: 1846: 1836: 1835: 1834: 1833: 1826: 1823: 1820: 1819: 1814: 1812: 1809: 1807: 1804: 1802: 1799: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1781: 1777: 1776: 1770: 1769: 1762: 1761: 1757: 1755: 1754: 1750: 1748: 1747: 1743: 1741: 1740: 1736: 1731: 1730: 1726: 1724: 1723: 1719: 1717: 1716: 1712: 1710: 1709: 1705: 1703: 1702: 1698: 1696: 1695: 1691: 1689: 1688: 1687:L'Écho du Sud 1684: 1682: 1681: 1677: 1675: 1674: 1670: 1668: 1665: 1664: 1658: 1657: 1649: 1648: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1629: 1624: 1621: 1620: 1615: 1612: 1611: 1606: 1603: 1602: 1597: 1596: 1595: 1594: 1587: 1586: 1581: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1572: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1553: 1551: 1548: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1536: 1531: 1530: 1529: 1524:Organisations 1521: 1520: 1513: 1510: 1508: 1505: 1503: 1500: 1498: 1495: 1493: 1490: 1488: 1485: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1460: 1459: 1458: 1457: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1445:Soyons libres 1443: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1416: 1413: 1411: 1410:French Future 1408: 1406: 1403: 1401: 1398: 1397: 1396: 1388: 1387: 1380: 1377: 1375: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1360: 1357: 1355: 1352: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1317: 1315: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1305: 1302: 1300: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1288: 1285: 1284: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1234: 1228: 1227: 1217: 1216: 1212: 1207: 1206: 1202: 1197: 1196: 1192: 1187: 1186: 1182: 1177: 1176: 1172: 1167: 1166: 1162: 1157: 1154: 1149: 1148: 1144: 1139: 1138: 1134: 1128: 1124: 1119: 1118: 1114: 1109: 1108: 1104: 1099: 1098: 1094: 1089: 1088: 1084: 1079: 1078: 1074: 1069: 1068: 1064: 1059: 1058: 1054: 1049: 1048: 1044: 1043: 1037: 1036: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1014: 1011: 1009: 1006: 1004: 1001: 999: 996: 994: 991: 989: 986: 984: 981: 979: 976: 974: 971: 969: 966: 964: 961: 959: 956: 954: 951: 949: 946: 944: 941: 939: 936: 934: 931: 929: 928:de La Mennais 926: 924: 921: 919: 916: 914: 911: 909: 906: 904: 901: 899: 896: 894: 891: 889: 886: 884: 881: 879: 876: 874: 871: 869: 866: 864: 861: 859: 856: 854: 851: 849: 846: 844: 841: 839: 836: 834: 831: 829: 826: 824: 821: 819: 816: 815: 812:Intellectuals 809: 808: 801: 798: 796: 793: 791: 788: 786: 783: 781: 778: 774: 771: 769: 766: 765: 764: 761: 759: 756: 754: 751: 749: 746: 744: 741: 738: 737: 736:Ancien Régime 732: 731: 725: 724: 717: 714: 711: 710: 709:Souverainisme 705: 703: 700: 698: 694: 692: 689: 687: 684: 682: 679: 674: 673: 668: 667: 666: 663: 661: 658: 656: 653: 651: 650:Family values 648: 646: 643: 638: 637: 632: 630: 627: 626: 625: 622: 619: 618: 613: 611: 608: 606: 603: 601: 598: 597: 591: 590: 583: 580: 576: 573: 570: 569: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 553: 552: 549: 546: 545: 540: 536: 533: 531: 528: 526: 523: 522: 521: 518: 516: 513: 508: 507: 502: 500: 497: 496: 495: 492: 491: 485: 484: 480: 476: 475: 472: 467: 466: 462: 458: 457: 448: 447:radical right 444: 439: 432: 429: 427: 424: 422: 419: 418: 415: 411: 406: 399: 394: 386: 384: 380: 372: 370: 366: 358: 356: 352: 344: 342: 338: 330: 328: 324: 316: 314: 310: 302: 300: 296: 289: 285: 280: 277: 275: 271: 268: 265: 263: 259: 255: 252: 248: 245: 242: 240: 236: 230: 227: 225: 222: 221: 219: 217: 213: 209: 202: 199: 196: 194:Security wing 192: 189: 186: 184: 180: 177: 174: 169: 165: 162: 161:Ordre Nouveau 159: 155: 141: 137: 134: 130: 127: 123: 119: 118:Marine Le Pen 116: 112: 106: 103: 101: 98: 96: 93: 92: 90: 86: 83: 80: 76: 72: 68: 64: 59: 47: 44: 40: 33: 19: 19566:Algerian War 19561:Vichy France 19517: 19505: 19498: 19484: 19477: 19470: 19463: 19443: 19431: 19426:Maurrassisme 19424: 19417: 19141:The Patriots 19041:Alsace First 18950:Jeune Nation 18738: 18731: 18714: 18707: 18700: 18693: 18686: 18669: 18664:Croix-de-Feu 18662: 18655: 18638: 18510: 18481: 18381:Affiliations 18326: 17898: 17734: 17716: 17711: 17690: 17685: 17666: 17552: 17378:(in French). 17375: 17353: 17336: 17332: 17320:. 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London. 8592:0472106635 8456:Liberation 8269:References 7958:7,765,936 7925:5,286,939 7887:4,712,461 7857:6.34 (#6) 7854:1,091,691 7822:9.81 (#4) 7819:1,684,792 7789:5.70 (#8) 7786:1,005,113 7751:2,050,086 7718:2,129,668 7690:2,210,334 7604:2,908,253 7598:2,743,497 7559:6,820,147 7553:6,018,672 7514:1,943,307 7508:2,223,800 7469:3,200,194 7463:3,564,064 7423:3,270,118 7375:3,396,141 7327:2,654,390 7235:8,133,828 7197:7,678,491 7170:6,421,426 7138:3,834,530 7114:5,525,032 7100:4,804,713 7073:4,570,838 7046:4,375,894 6958:Candidate 6880:3,589,465 6874:4,248,626 6844:1,590,858 6838:2,990,454 6802:3,528,373 6764:1,116,136 6728:2,873,390 6698:1,435,186 6692:3,791,063 6662:1,168,143 6656:3,155,702 6620:2,359,528 6584:2,703,442 6238:Incumbent 6094:Term start 6090:President 6080:Presidents 6028:Leadership 5799:Steve King 5767:Republican 5694:right-wing 5629:, and the 5601:, Italian 5531:Jean Marie 5507:Al Jazeera 5235:pro-Israel 5109:Maastricht 5080:Socialists 5004:Free World 4879:referendum 4867:referendum 4823:Boulangism 4334:Feuillants 4307:Reconquête 4246:de Villèle 4221:Retailleau 4087:Submission 3912:Literature 3875:de Rivarol 3860:Peyrefitte 3855:d'Ornellas 3830:de Maistre 3740:Brunetière 3710:de Benoist 3563:Patriotism 3537:Monarchism 3466:Principles 3433:Legitimism 3360:Ideologies 3310:exit polls 3075:En Marche! 2486:Socialists 2325:Poujadists 2156:frontistes 2121:Background 2032:xenophobia 1905:pronounced 1462:Feuillants 1435:Reconquête 1374:de Villèle 1349:Retailleau 1215:Submission 1040:Literature 1003:de Rivarol 988:Peyrefitte 983:d'Ornellas 958:de Maistre 868:Brunetière 838:de Benoist 691:Patriotism 665:Monarchism 594:Principles 561:Legitimism 488:Ideologies 389:26 / 4,108 183:Youth wing 149:1972-10-05 19439:Pétainism 19357:Reynouard 19337:Philippot 19287:Le Gallou 19272:Holeindre 19267:Gollnisch 19187:Benedetti 18817:Déroulède 18762:Bainville 18603:Boulanger 18178:Carl Lang 17891:Far-right 17253:145348163 17166:Routledge 16817:31 August 16807:Le Figaro 16599:Le Figaro 16560:31 August 16550:1765-2898 16516:31 August 16434:Le Figaro 16158:Nova.news 16006:France 24 15702:cite news 15218:Mediapart 15161:7 January 15018:L'Express 14649:219020617 14641:1350-1763 14596:Ukrinform 14202:Le Figaro 13810:France 24 13648:France 24 13634:25 August 13238:28 August 12708:France 24 12622:France 24 12312:11 August 12277:0362-4331 12120:0362-4331 11548:. Paris. 11263:. 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