24:
190:
The first meeting of the
Friends of the Constitution took place on 21 May 1791. Their charter declared their support for the May 3 Constitution, and their aim of perfecting the Constitution and the
270:
334:
254:
290:
262:
250:
342:
203:, but at least 7 were townsmen. The charter stipulated that all members were equal. Decisions were taken by majority vote. Many members had connections with the
278:
258:
294:
242:
115:
338:
197:
The party numbered at least 213 members whose names are known to history, including those of 126 deputies and 14 senators. Most of the members were of the
111:
230:
350:
823:
226:
803:
813:
17:
828:
148:
The
Friends of the Constitution had their own charter and organizational discipline and have been described as the first modern
818:
808:
602:
565:
526:
492:
28:
162:
s (parliament's) deliberations, the
Friends of the Constitution have also been described as the first Polish parliamentary
652:
415:
376:, who appears in the above list of prominent members. Notable absentees included the King himself (a co-author of the
763:
427:
740:
720:
698:
678:
639:
49:
369:
37:
211:
754:
310:
396:
362:
330:
381:
377:
282:
218:
84:
404:
83:(with a charter and organizational discipline), formed in May 1791, shortly after the adoption of the
266:
60:
306:
625:
623:
621:
246:
592:
555:
516:
618:
482:
346:
314:
758:, vol. XXV, Zakład Narodowy Imenia Ossolińskich i Wydawnictwo Polskieh Akademii Nauk, 1980,
274:
214:
99:
408:
354:
286:
222:
8:
385:
322:
238:
234:
759:
598:
561:
522:
488:
373:
318:
298:
107:
358:
518:
Encyclopedia of the Age of
Political Revolutions and New Ideologies, 1760–1815: A-L
414:
The
Friends of the Constitution were active until the Commonwealth's defeat in the
302:
92:
204:
149:
88:
80:
72:
553:
326:
103:
797:
91:. The purpose of the Friends of the Constitution was to defend the reformed
395:
The party's meetings were generally held at the
Radziwiłł Palace — now the
53:
392:, both of whom preferred to maintain a semblance of political neutrality.
184:
33:
389:
145:" may be rendered in English as "gathering", "assembly" or "congress".
368:
The founding members of the
Friends of the Constitution included King
23:
787:
199:
175:
659:, Warsaw, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Wiedza Powszechna, 1970, p. 1457.
180:
782:" ("The Society of Friends of the Constitution of May 3 "), in
400:
191:
163:
45:
554:
J. K. Fedorowicz; Maria
Bogucka; Henryk Samsonowicz (1982).
157:
173:
and enjoyed support among many segments of society, from
121:
The
Friends of the Constitution published a periodical,
557:
A Republic of nobles: studies in Polish history to 1864
549:
547:
545:
514:
448:
Association of
Friends of the (Governing) Constitution
155:
Since many of the party's members participated in the
542:
460:Assembly of Friends of the Government Constitution
508:
795:
597:. University of Washington Press. p. 282.
633:" ("Society of Friends of the Constitution"),
452:Society of Friends of the Government Ordinance
480:
731:
729:
711:
709:
707:
631:Zgromadzenie Przyjaciół Konstytucji Rządowej
590:
139:Zgromadzenie Przyjaciół Konstytucji Rządowej
77:Zgromadzenie Przyjaciół Konstytucji Rządowej
18:Friends of the Constitution (disambiguation)
752:Emanuel Roztworowski, "Piattoli Scipione",
689:
687:
669:
667:
665:
586:
584:
521:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 584.
63:, where Constitution has just been adopted.
418:and the demise of the 3 May Constitution.
52:, where deputies will swear to uphold the
780:Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Konstytucji 3 maja
726:
704:
484:Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966–1945
474:
824:Political parties disestablished in 1792
684:
662:
581:
22:
796:
746:
594:The Polish-Lithuanian state, 1386–1795
456:Society of Friends of the Constitution
446:In English also variously rendered as
804:Political parties established in 1791
169:Members were also active outside the
98:The party's leading members included
814:Defunct political parties in Poland
657:The Great Polish-English Dictionary
179:(nobility) salons to more radical,
13:
772:
416:War in Defense of the Constitution
95:and to introduce further reforms.
14:
840:
560:. CUP Archive. pp. 252–253.
481:HALINA LERSKI (30 January 1996).
829:1792 disestablishments in Poland
127:The National and Foreign Gazette
784:Pamiętnik Biblioteki Kórnickiej
515:Gregory Fremont-Barnes (2007).
407:, a few minutes' walk from the
646:
440:
212:Deputy Chancellor of the Crown
79:) was the first modern Polish
1:
819:Organisations based in Warsaw
809:1791 establishments in Poland
640:Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe
468:
428:History of Poland (1569–1795)
433:
370:Stanisław August Poniatowski
210:Prominent members included:
7:
755:Polski Słownik Biograficzny
635:Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN
421:
363:Ignacy Wyssogota Zakrzewski
69:Friends of the Constitution
10:
845:
378:Constitution of 3 May 1791
219:Adam Kazimierz Czartoryski
132:
85:Constitution of 3 May 1791
15:
487:. ABC-CLIO. p. 28.
331:Stanisław Kostka Potocki
311:Józef Kajetan Ossoliński
271:Janusz Stanisław Iliński
267:Ludwik Szymon Gutakowski
87:, by the efforts of the
16:For other entities, see
743:, 4th ed., 1991, p. 53.
737:Konstytucja 3 Maja 1791
723:, 4th ed., 1991, p. 52.
717:Konstytucja 3 Maja 1791
701:, 4th ed., 1991, p. 54.
695:Konstytucja 3 Maja 1791
681:, 4th ed., 1991, p. 51.
675:Konstytucja 3 Maja 1791
405:Krakowskie Przedmieście
307:Julian Ursyn Niemcewicz
48:-trimmed cloak) enters
372:'s Italian secretary,
291:Józef Andrzej Mikorski
123:Gazeta Narodowa i Obca
76:
64:
591:Daniel Stone (2001).
382:Stanisław Małachowski
335:Józef Ignacy Rybiński
315:Tomasz Adam Ostrowski
283:Jan Paweł Łuszczewski
263:Paweł Jerzy Grabowski
61:Warsaw's Royal Castle
26:
735:Jerzy Kowecki, ed.,
715:Jerzy Kowecki, ed.,
693:Jerzy Kowecki, ed.,
673:Jerzy Kowecki, ed.,
50:St. John's Cathedral
397:Presidential Palace
323:Grzegorz Piramowicz
255:Antoni Dzieduszycki
239:Jan August Cichocki
235:Joachim Chreptowicz
141:", the expression "
778:Adam Skałkowski, "
339:Walenty Sobolewski
279:Stanisław Kublicki
275:Michał Kochanowski
259:Augustyn Gorzeński
251:Ksawery Działyński
65:
29:3 May Constitution
637:, vol.4, Warsaw,
604:978-0-295-98093-5
567:978-0-521-24093-2
528:978-0-313-33446-7
494:978-0-313-03456-5
374:Scipione Piattoli
355:Józef Weyssenhoff
319:Scipione Piattoli
299:Tadeusz Mostowski
287:Antoni Madaliński
247:Ignacy Działyński
223:Józef Poniatowski
108:Tadeusz Mostowski
836:
767:
750:
744:
733:
724:
713:
702:
691:
682:
671:
660:
653:Jan Stanisławski
650:
644:
627:
616:
615:
613:
611:
588:
579:
578:
576:
574:
551:
540:
539:
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512:
506:
505:
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501:
478:
462:
444:
347:Stanisław Sołtyk
343:Stanisław Sołtan
303:Adam Naruszewicz
295:Mikołaj Morawski
243:Ignacy Dembiński
231:Franciszek Barss
194:that it served.
116:Józef Weyssenhof
93:political system
38:Stanisław August
844:
843:
839:
838:
837:
835:
834:
833:
794:
793:
790:Library), 1930.
786:(Memoir of the
775:
773:Further reading
770:
751:
747:
734:
727:
714:
705:
692:
685:
672:
663:
651:
647:
643:, 1976, p. 785.
628:
619:
609:
607:
605:
589:
582:
572:
570:
568:
552:
543:
533:
531:
529:
513:
509:
499:
497:
495:
479:
475:
471:
466:
465:
445:
441:
436:
424:
205:Patriotic Party
150:political party
135:
112:Michał Ossowski
89:Patriotic Party
81:political party
21:
12:
11:
5:
842:
832:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
792:
791:
774:
771:
769:
768:
745:
725:
703:
683:
661:
645:
617:
603:
580:
566:
541:
527:
507:
493:
472:
470:
467:
464:
463:
438:
437:
435:
432:
431:
430:
423:
420:
359:Mikołaj Wolski
327:Ignacy Potocki
134:
131:
104:Ignacy Potocki
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
841:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
801:
799:
789:
785:
781:
777:
776:
765:
764:83-04-00148-9
761:
757:
756:
749:
742:
738:
732:
730:
722:
718:
712:
710:
708:
700:
696:
690:
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676:
670:
668:
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658:
654:
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606:
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585:
569:
563:
559:
558:
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406:
402:
398:
393:
391:
387:
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379:
375:
371:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
351:Michał Strasz
348:
344:
340:
336:
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328:
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308:
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296:
292:
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252:
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244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
227:Marcin Badeni
224:
220:
216:
215:Hugo Kołłątaj
213:
208:
206:
202:
201:
195:
193:
188:
186:
182:
178:
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167:
165:
161:
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153:
151:
146:
144:
140:
137:In the name "
130:
128:
124:
119:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
100:Hugo Kołłątaj
96:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
62:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
36:(1891). King
35:
31:
30:
25:
19:
783:
779:
753:
748:
736:
716:
694:
674:
656:
648:
638:
634:
630:
608:. Retrieved
593:
571:. Retrieved
556:
532:. Retrieved
517:
510:
498:. Retrieved
483:
476:
459:
455:
451:
447:
442:
413:
409:Royal Castle
394:
367:
209:
198:
196:
189:
183:-influenced
174:
170:
168:
156:
154:
147:
143:zgromadzenie
142:
138:
136:
126:
122:
120:
97:
68:
66:
57:
54:Constitution
41:
27:
152:in Poland.
58:Background:
798:Categories
739:, Warsaw,
719:, Warsaw,
697:, Warsaw,
677:, Warsaw,
610:17 January
573:17 January
534:17 January
500:17 January
469:References
390:Great Sejm
44:, wearing
766:, p. 822.
434:Footnotes
221:, Prince
217:, Prince
187:circles.
185:bourgeois
422:See also
200:szlachta
176:szlachta
388:of the
386:Marshal
181:Jacobin
133:History
34:Matejko
788:Kórnik
762:
601:
564:
525:
491:
401:Warsaw
384:, the
380:) and
192:polity
164:caucus
73:Polish
46:ermine
399:— on
32:, by
760:ISBN
612:2012
599:ISBN
575:2012
562:ISBN
536:2012
523:ISBN
502:2012
489:ISBN
171:Sejm
158:Sejm
118:.
114:and
67:The
42:left
741:PWN
721:PWN
699:PWN
679:PWN
403:'s
129:).
800::
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