2680:
1251:
673:
1261:
227:
has been found to have desired effects such as euphoria or intoxication. This has led to some individuals using Freon recreationally in order to achieve these effects. When inhaled, Freon has toxic effects that can have detrimental impacts on various systems in the body. These effects can damage the
210:
F (Freon-11) into an argon filled container and across the surface of molten magnesium powder allows the chemicals to undergo a reduction reaction that creates three dimensional graphene. This three dimensional graphene is highly conductive and can be used to create high-rate
115:. Freon has been found to cause damage to human health when inhaled in large amounts. Studies have been conducted in the pursuit to find beneficial reuses for gases under the Freon umbrella as an alternative to disposal of the gas.
143:
In 1928, they improved the synthesis of CFCs and demonstrated their usefulness for such a purpose and their stability and nontoxicity. Kettering patented a refrigerating apparatus to use the gas; this was issued to
2569:
430:
499:"A case report of recreational use of inhaled Freon leading to acute hypoxemic respiratory failure salvaged by veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation"
2519:
2549:
577:
111:, R-502, and R-503 manufactured by The Chemours Company, and so is not used to label all refrigerants of this type. They emit a strong smell similar to
232:. Freon inhalation can also cause damage to the lungs and in rare cases, respiratory failure. Injury of the lungs due to Freon inhalation is known as
2724:
2564:
547:
2057:
1306:
434:
2559:
2491:
171:
developed by DuPont to systematically identify single halogenated hydrocarbons, as well as other refrigerants besides halocarbons.
254:(R-12 or CFC-12), the most commonly used Freon brand refrigerant prior to its ban in many countries in 1996 and total ban in 2010.
1221:
405:
2717:
2364:
1153:
382:
341:
2524:
2486:
318:
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1367:
1228:
357:
51:
2710:
1458:
625:
2539:
2353:
1733:
1217:
585:
1297:
457:"Transformation of Freon to 3D graphene frameworks for high-rate supercapacitors with high capacity retention"
372:
2501:
2445:
2440:
2017:
1545:
2062:
1613:
1534:
1493:
937:
168:
2405:
2207:
1718:
1653:
1571:
1483:
1347:
887:
857:
816:
71:
products. They are stable, nonflammable, low toxicity gases or liquids which have generally been used as
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2435:
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1907:
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128:
456:
2607:
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brain and the cardiovascular system, potentially causing abnormalities in heart functions as well as
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1551:
1442:
1427:
1235:
2649:
2574:
2496:
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2301:
2197:
2112:
2022:
1987:
1463:
1264:
811:
747:
251:
233:
164:
96:
2639:
2601:
2481:
2192:
1623:
1088:
852:
555:
2743:
2659:
2337:
2296:
2012:
1683:
1503:
1275:
1002:
528:
431:"Handbook for the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer - 7th Edition"
245:
104:
100:
2461:
2451:
2395:
2332:
2227:
1807:
1756:
1322:
1067:
618:
468:
409:
124:
186:(HFCs) instead have replaced many uses, but they, too, are under strict control under the
8:
2687:
2327:
2317:
2291:
2077:
1739:
1648:
1618:
1518:
1488:
1382:
1342:
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997:
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472:
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1912:
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351:
140:
80:
76:
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1113:
1107:
1022:
1017:
917:
872:
842:
378:
337:
183:
175:
160:
84:
260:(R-134a or HFC-134a), one of the main replacements for the formerly widespread R-12.
2629:
2384:
2379:
1962:
1668:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1473:
1148:
977:
972:
912:
518:
510:
480:
476:
167:
and is now designated "Freon-12", "R-12", or "CFC-12". The number after the R is a
25:
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2238:
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2147:
2092:
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1007:
992:
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907:
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652:
611:
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212:
179:
88:
433:. United Nations Environment Programme - Ozone Secretariat. 2007. Archived from
288:
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2374:
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2047:
2027:
1992:
1927:
1847:
1688:
1678:
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1937:
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1417:
1402:
1123:
962:
942:
922:
455:
Liang, Hongyu; Bu, Yongfeng; Pan, Fuping; Zhang, Juyan (30 November 2018).
72:
2679:
135:
to find a replacement for the dangerous refrigerants then in use, such as
2644:
2286:
2243:
2217:
2157:
2137:
2132:
2007:
1967:
1952:
1897:
1822:
1792:
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1603:
1468:
1387:
1207:
1057:
982:
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2322:
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1947:
1917:
1902:
1877:
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1397:
1337:
780:
692:
145:
68:
2359:
2037:
2032:
1982:
1957:
1812:
1608:
1188:(incl. The Playhouse on Rodney Square, formerly the DuPont Playhouse)
1103:
319:"Why Does My Refrigerator Smell Like Nail Polish Remover? By saksham"
203:
60:
2342:
2276:
1777:
1577:
1377:
1352:
1327:
1212:
1191:
727:
229:
224:
199:
64:
1852:
1524:
702:
136:
112:
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757:
742:
717:
712:
687:
634:
336:(2nd ed.). Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier. p. 239.
267:
263:
174:
Most uses of CFCs are now banned or severely restricted by the
156:
127:
in the 1890s. In the late 1920s, a research team was formed by
108:
1305:
672:
178:
of August 1987, as they have been shown to be responsible for
37:
2544:
793:
770:
762:
752:
737:
732:
722:
377:. Chichester, England: John Wiley and Sons. pp. 74–87.
2052:
1972:
707:
198:
It is possible to convert Freon-11 into three dimensional
40:
603:
190:, as they are deemed "super-greenhouse effect" gases.
91:(although the latter much less so) and contribute to
52:
43:
31:
371:
Sneader W (2005). "Chapter 8: Systematic medicine".
34:
28:
95:. 'Freon' is the brand name for the refrigerants
2735:
454:
2718:
1291:
619:
578:"Cooling Refrigerants - Lennox International"
16:Registered trade name for halocarbon products
548:"Angie's List-What is a fair price for R22?"
2725:
2711:
2058:High efficiency glandless circulating pump
1307:Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
1298:
1284:
626:
612:
364:
270:now replacing Freons in many applications.
522:
370:
331:
2492:Mold growth, assessment, and remediation
1222:NASCAR Cup Series career of Jeff Gordon
545:
67:and generic descriptor for a number of
2736:
408:. Inventors. About.com. Archived from
2365:Programmable communicating thermostat
1279:
1154:Winterthur Museum, Garden and Library
607:
281:
202:through chemical treatment involving
2674:
2487:Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing
1260:
496:
492:
490:
163:to produce Freon. Their product was
316:
248:(R-22 or HCFC-22), a type of Freon.
193:
123:The first CFCs were synthesized by
13:
2348:Minimum efficiency reporting value
403:
215:for storage of electrical power.
14:
2770:
2390:Standard temperature and pressure
2103:Packaged terminal air conditioner
1639:Passive daytime radiative cooling
1368:Heat pump and refrigeration cycle
1229:The DuPont Show with June Allyson
487:
218:
2678:
1459:Absorption-compression heat pump
1259:
1250:
1249:
671:
497:Chao, Chung-chi (26 July 2022).
24:
2354:Normal temperature and pressure
1734:Vapor-compression refrigeration
1218:Hendrick Motorsports Car No. 24
570:
148:, a wholly owned subsidiary of
539:
503:Canadian Journal of Anesthesia
481:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2018.10.017
448:
423:
397:
325:
310:
1:
2502:Testing, adjusting, balancing
2446:Building information modeling
2441:Building services engineering
2018:Ground-coupled heat exchanger
1546:Demand controlled ventilation
1494:Building insulation materials
356:: CS1 maint: date and year (
274:
182:. Brands of Freon containing
2697:. You can help Knowledge by
2063:High-pressure cut-off switch
1614:Ice storage air conditioning
1535:Dedicated outdoor air system
155:In 1930, General Motors and
7:
2406:Thermostatic radiator valve
2208:Thermostatic radiator valve
1719:Underfloor air distribution
1654:Radiant heating and cooling
1572:Energy recovery ventilation
1484:Automobile air conditioning
1348:Domestic energy consumption
888:Anthony Joseph Arduengo III
817:DuPont Experimental Station
239:
10:
2775:
2673:
2555:Institute of Refrigeration
2436:Architectural technologist
1908:Electrostatic precipitator
1175:DuPont v. Kolon Industries
1164:Consolidation Coal Company
633:
515:10.1007/s12630-022-02296-z
332:Cleveland, Cutler (2015).
129:Charles Franklin Kettering
118:
2617:
2608:Volatile organic compound
2583:
2510:
2467:Environmental engineering
2431:Architectural engineering
2414:
2262:
2233:Ultra-low particulate air
1818:Automatic balancing valve
1765:
1746:Variable refrigerant flow
1598:Heat recovery ventilation
1541:Deep water source cooling
1451:
1313:
1245:
1200:
1119:Hagley Museum and Library
1099:Atlas Chemical Industries
1081:
1038:Howard Ensign Simmons Jr.
893:Jacques Antoine Bidermann
830:
802:
779:
680:
669:
641:
374:Drug discovery: a history
258:1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane
139:. The team was headed by
2759:Inorganic compound stubs
2655:Template:Home automation
2477:Kitchen exhaust cleaning
2173:Solar-assisted heat pump
1773:Air conditioner inverter
1552:Displacement ventilation
1443:Vapour pressure of water
1428:Thermal destratification
1236:DuPont Show of the Month
838:Éleuthère Irénée du Pont
461:Journal of Power Sources
289:"R-12 Safety Data Sheet"
169:refrigerant class number
2650:World Refrigeration Day
2497:Refrigerant reclamation
2426:Architectural acoustics
2370:Programmable thermostat
2302:Clean air delivery rate
2198:Thermal expansion valve
2113:Pressurisation ductwork
2023:Ground source heat pump
1464:Absorption refrigerator
1124:Hercules Powder Company
812:DuPont Central Research
298:. National Refrigerants
252:Dichlorodifluoromethane
234:hydrocarbon pneumonitis
223:Freon, when used as an
165:dichlorodifluoromethane
2693:–related article is a
2640:Glossary of HVAC terms
2602:Sick building syndrome
2482:Mechanical engineering
2193:Smoke exhaust ductwork
1624:Mixed-mode ventilation
883:Jeffery Stanford Agate
858:Francis Irénée du Pont
853:Francis Gurney du Pont
87:, both of which cause
2660:Template:Solar energy
2338:Intelligent buildings
2297:Carbon dioxide sensor
1684:Room air distribution
1504:Central solar heating
1003:William Dale Phillips
246:Chlorodifluoromethane
206:powder. Injecting CCl
2462:Duct leakage testing
2452:Deep energy retrofit
2396:Thermographic camera
2333:Infrared thermometer
1808:Air source heat pump
1757:Water heat recycling
1323:Air changes per hour
1068:Edgar S. Woolard Jr.
582:Lennox International
334:Dictionary of Energy
296:www.refrigerants.com
65:the Chemours Company
2328:HVAC control system
2318:Home energy monitor
2292:Building automation
2078:Inverter compressor
1740:Variable air volume
1649:Passive ventilation
1619:Kitchen ventilation
1519:Constant air volume
1489:Autonomous building
1144:Savannah River Site
998:Charles J. Pedersen
968:Edward G. Jefferson
958:Charles O. Holliday
794:Antec International
658:Alexander M. Cutler
473:2018JPS...405....1L
81:chlorofluorocarbons
77:aerosol propellants
2591:Indoor air quality
2535:ASTM International
2472:Hydronic balancing
2249:Wood-burning stove
2128:Radiator reflector
1913:Evaporative cooler
1724:Underfloor heating
1709:Thermal insulation
1089:DuPont (1802–2017)
1073:Nathaniel C. Wyeth
1053:Chadwick A. Tolman
1048:Frederick N. Tebbe
1028:Richard R. Schrock
948:Richard Goodmanson
933:Curtis J. Crawford
928:Thomas M. Connelly
878:T. Coleman du Pont
184:hydrofluorocarbons
141:Thomas Midgley Jr.
85:hydrofluorocarbons
59:) is a registered
2706:
2705:
2668:
2667:
2584:Health and safety
2163:Scroll compressor
2118:Process duct work
1873:Convection heater
1868:Condensing boiler
1798:Air-mixing plenum
1694:Solar combisystem
1530:Cross ventilation
1333:Building envelope
1273:
1272:
1129:Kinetic Chemicals
1114:Eleutherian Mills
1108:Manhattan Project
1023:Irving S. Shapiro
1018:William K. Reilly
918:Wallace Carothers
873:Pierre S. du Pont
843:Alfred I. du Pont
509:(10): 1300–1304.
384:978-0-471-89980-8
343:978-0-08-096811-7
176:Montreal Protocol
161:Kinetic Chemicals
2766:
2727:
2720:
2713:
2682:
2675:
2630:Building science
2385:Smart thermostat
2380:Room temperature
1963:Fireplace insert
1669:Radon mitigation
1567:Electric heating
1562:District heating
1557:District cooling
1474:Air conditioning
1300:
1293:
1286:
1277:
1276:
1263:
1262:
1253:
1252:
1149:Wilmington Trust
978:Stephanie Kwolek
973:Ellen J. Kullman
913:Richard H. Brown
675:
628:
621:
614:
605:
604:
598:
597:
595:
593:
584:. Archived from
574:
568:
567:
565:
563:
554:. Archived from
543:
537:
536:
526:
494:
485:
484:
452:
446:
445:
443:
442:
427:
421:
420:
418:
417:
412:on July 10, 2012
401:
395:
394:
392:
391:
368:
362:
361:
355:
347:
329:
323:
322:
314:
308:
307:
305:
303:
293:
285:
194:Beneficial reuse
79:. These include
55:
50:
49:
46:
45:
42:
39:
36:
33:
30:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2754:DuPont products
2734:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2671:
2669:
2664:
2625:ASHRAE Handbook
2613:
2597:Passive smoking
2579:
2512:
2506:
2418:
2416:
2410:
2264:
2258:
2239:Whole-house fan
2153:Run-around coil
2148:Reversing valve
2093:Mechanical room
2083:Kerosene heater
2073:Infrared heater
2003:Gasoline heater
1943:Fan filter unit
1858:Condensate pump
1843:Centrifugal fan
1761:
1664:Radiant heating
1659:Radiant cooling
1634:Passive cooling
1629:Microgeneration
1499:Central heating
1447:
1423:Thermal comfort
1315:
1309:
1304:
1274:
1269:
1241:
1196:
1186:DuPont Building
1169:DuPont analysis
1077:
1063:Charles M. Vest
1008:Roy J. Plunkett
993:George Parshall
988:Rudolph Pariser
908:Donaldson Brown
826:
822:DuPont Building
804:
798:
784:
775:
676:
667:
653:Edward D. Breen
643:
637:
632:
602:
601:
591:
589:
588:on 18 June 2015
576:
575:
571:
561:
559:
544:
540:
495:
488:
453:
449:
440:
438:
429:
428:
424:
415:
413:
402:
398:
389:
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369:
365:
349:
348:
344:
330:
326:
317:Maltbee, Kirk.
315:
311:
301:
299:
291:
287:
286:
282:
277:
242:
221:
213:supercapacitors
209:
196:
180:ozone depletion
125:Frédéric Swarts
121:
89:ozone depletion
53:
27:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2772:
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2715:
2707:
2704:
2703:
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2611:
2605:
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2532:
2527:
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2516:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
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2422:
2420:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2375:Psychrometrics
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2351:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2299:
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2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2272:Air flow meter
2268:
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2260:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2230:
2225:
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2110:
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2100:
2095:
2090:
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2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2048:Heating system
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2028:Heat exchanger
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1993:Gas compressor
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1928:Expansion tank
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1848:Ceramic heater
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
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1743:
1737:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1689:Solar air heat
1686:
1681:
1679:Renewable heat
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1595:
1590:
1588:Forced-air gas
1585:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1543:
1538:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1440:
1438:Thermodynamics
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1408:Psychrometrics
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1363:Gas compressor
1360:
1358:Fluid dynamics
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1319:
1317:
1311:
1310:
1303:
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1181:Du Pont Motors
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1139:Remington Arms
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1134:Nemours Estate
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938:John T. Dillon
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903:Norman Borlaug
900:
895:
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870:
868:Lammot du Pont
865:
860:
855:
850:
848:Eugene du Pont
845:
840:
834:
832:
831:Notable people
828:
827:
825:
824:
819:
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806:
803:Divisions and
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219:Health effects
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188:Kyoto Protocol
150:General Motors
133:General Motors
120:
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93:global warming
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2308:Control valve
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2228:Turning vanes
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2209:
2206:
2204:
2203:Thermal wheel
2201:
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2189:
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2169:
2168:Solar chimney
2166:
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1938:Fan coil unit
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1911:
1909:
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1883:Cooling tower
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1729:Vapor barrier
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1707:
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1704:Solar heating
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1699:Solar cooling
1697:
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1644:Passive house
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1413:Sensible heat
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1393:Noise control
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1373:Heat transfer
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1043:Charles Stine
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899:
898:Samuel Bodman
896:
894:
891:
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884:
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876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
863:Henry du Pont
861:
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583:
579:
573:
558:on 2015-06-15
557:
553:
549:
546:Angie Hicks.
542:
534:
530:
525:
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516:
512:
508:
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500:
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470:
466:
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458:
451:
437:on 2016-05-30
436:
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94:
90:
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82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
57:
48:
21:
2744:Refrigerants
2699:expanding it
2685:
2670:
2635:Fireproofing
2419:and services
2415:Professions,
2313:Gas detector
2213:Trickle vent
2188:Smoke damper
2183:Smoke canopy
2178:Space heater
2108:Plenum space
2043:Heating film
1977:
1923:Exhaust hood
1893:Dehumidifier
1833:Blast damper
1828:Barrier pipe
1803:Air purifier
1714:Thermosiphon
1593:Free cooling
1509:Chilled beam
1433:Thermal mass
1418:Stack effect
1403:Particulates
1383:Infiltration
1314:Fundamental
1234:
1227:
1173:
963:Steven Ittel
943:Linda Fisher
923:Uma Chowdhry
781:Subsidiaries
697:
590:. Retrieved
586:the original
581:
572:
560:. Retrieved
556:the original
552:Angie's List
551:
541:
506:
502:
464:
460:
450:
439:. Retrieved
435:the original
425:
414:. Retrieved
410:the original
399:
388:. Retrieved
373:
366:
333:
327:
312:
300:. Retrieved
295:
283:
266:halogenated
222:
197:
173:
154:
122:
73:refrigerants
19:
18:
2645:Warm Spaces
2287:Blower door
2265:and control
2263:Measurement
2244:Windcatcher
2218:Trombe wall
2158:Sail switch
2138:Refrigerant
2133:Recuperator
2008:Grease duct
1968:Freeze stat
1953:Fire damper
1823:Back boiler
1793:Air ionizer
1788:Air handler
1752:Ventilation
1604:Hybrid heat
1469:Air barrier
1388:Latent heat
1213:Pioneer 250
1208:Tour DuPont
1201:Sponsorship
1058:Earl Tupper
983:James Lynah
953:Jeff Gordon
2738:Categories
2401:Thermostat
2323:Humidistat
2254:Zone valve
2223:TurboSwing
2098:Oil heater
2068:Humidifier
1998:Gas heater
1948:Fan heater
1918:Evaporator
1903:Economizer
1878:Compressor
1783:Air filter
1766:Components
1583:Forced-air
1479:Antifreeze
1452:Technology
1398:Outgassing
1338:Convection
805:facilities
533:2716775815
441:2013-04-30
416:2013-04-30
390:2010-09-13
275:References
146:Frigidaire
69:halocarbon
2688:inorganic
2511:Industry
2360:OpenTherm
2038:Heat pump
2033:Heat pipe
1983:Fume hood
1958:Fireplace
1863:Condenser
1813:Attic fan
1609:Hydronics
1104:B Reactor
645:directors
642:Selected
352:cite book
321:. Hunker.
204:magnesium
61:trademark
2749:Chemours
2691:compound
2618:See also
2343:LonWorks
2277:Aquastat
2143:Register
2123:Radiator
1778:Air door
1578:Firestop
1378:Humidity
1353:Enthalpy
1343:Dilution
1328:Bake-out
1316:concepts
1255:Category
1192:Chemours
728:Neoprene
681:Products
529:ProQuest
240:See also
230:seizures
225:inhalant
200:graphene
2417:trades,
1988:Furnace
1853:Chiller
1525:Coolant
1265:Commons
1082:History
703:Hypalon
592:13 June
562:13 June
524:9323881
469:Bibcode
467:: 1–6.
406:"Freon"
268:olefins
159:formed
137:ammonia
119:History
113:acetone
75:and as
2570:SMACNA
2530:ASHRAE
2350:(MERV)
2304:(CADR)
2282:BACnet
2235:(ULPA)
2088:Louver
2013:Grille
1888:Damper
1838:Boiler
1736:(VCRS)
1537:(DOAS)
1159:Conoco
767:Zodiaq
758:Vespel
748:Teflon
743:Sorona
718:Kevlar
713:Kapton
708:Kalrez
688:Corian
635:DuPont
531:
521:
381:
340:
302:23 May
264:Opteon
157:DuPont
109:R-410A
101:R-13B1
2686:This
2610:(VOC)
2604:(SBS)
2593:(IAQ)
2550:CIBSE
2545:BSRIA
2448:(BIM)
2392:(STP)
2356:(NTP)
1978:Freon
1748:(VRF)
1742:(VAV)
1600:(HRV)
1574:(ERV)
1548:(DCV)
1521:(CAV)
771:Zytel
763:Viton
753:Tyvek
738:Nylon
733:Nomex
723:Mylar
698:Freon
693:FE-13
292:(PDF)
20:Freon
2695:stub
2565:LEED
2525:AMCA
2520:AHRI
2053:HEPA
1973:Flue
1898:Duct
783:and
594:2015
564:2015
379:ISBN
358:link
338:ISBN
304:2019
236:.
105:R-22
97:R-12
83:and
54:FREE
2575:UMC
2560:IIR
2540:BRE
1933:Fan
519:PMC
511:doi
477:doi
465:405
131:in
63:of
56:-on
2740::
580:.
550:.
527:.
517:.
507:69
505:.
501:.
489:^
475:.
463:.
459:.
354:}}
350:{{
294:.
152:.
107:,
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1285:v
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1220:(
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627:e
620:t
613:v
596:.
566:.
535:.
513::
483:.
479::
471::
444:.
419:.
393:.
360:)
346:.
306:.
208:3
47:/
44:n
41:ɒ
35:r
32:f
29:ˈ
26:/
22:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.