572:
in the year of 1821, some young men from a neighboring town, brought a small, round, brass pipe, with the letter A marked on it, and a piece of thin brass screwed on one side; which brass appeared to have been made to vibrate through an opening about one-half the length of the pipe, but which had been broken off near the screw. They had borrowed this pipe from a singing-master in Boston, and wished to have Mr. Bazin repair it, We have a legend, in which it is asserted that the free reed was the invention of a German shoemaker , who, captivated with the sweet sounds produced by it,,
368:
495:(1805), – up to 30 documented rebuilds of organs with new free reed type organ pipes. He also held lessons at universities and did all to promote this new type of reeds, not only in German-speaking regions of Europe. The actual work was done by different organ builders, and very many people were involved, so it is nearly impossible that any organ builder in Europe did not know about free reeds after 1800. In the two years from 1802 to 1804 in Vienna, he spent time with
591:
36:
133:
222:
311:
268:
254:
236:
554:"In June 1811 a curious instrument called a Pan Harmonicon was brought to Boston. It was invented by Maelzel, whose name is usually linked with the Metronome. William Goodrich was employed to set up and exhibit the Pan Harmonnicon in New York and other cities. He traveled with the instrument from September 1811 until June 1812."
702:), and it was the ancestor of the modern instrument with that name. However, its layout on the melody side was different from the layout of the modern bayan. The modern bayan's B-system layout (or "Moscow system") became more popular than the early instrument's "Leningrad system" (which was more similar to the Khromka
606:"Melodeons were inexpensive, easy to move, and required a minimum of upkeep. These features were so attractive that by 1840 there were forty melodeon builders in the United States, with an annual product of $ 646,975, but reports listed only twenty pipe organ builders, with an annual product of $ 324,750 "
642:
from 1830. By the late 1840s, the instrument was already very widespread; together the factories of the two masters were producing 10,000 instruments a year. By 1866, over 50,000 instruments were being produced yearly by Tula and neighbouring villages, and by 1874 the yearly production rate was over
571:
In an article in " The
Musical World and Times " the invention of this class of instruments is claimed for Mr. James H. Bazin, an ingenious musician and mechanic, of Canton, Mass. However, as will be observed Mr. Bazin was not the man. The account referred to contains the following :— " Late
549:
that was sent to Boston and then exhibited in several towns. Mälzel had a very good relationship to Vogler while in Europe so his Pan
Harmonicon used free reeds. It is not known with certainty whether Mälzel was personally in America around 1811. What is clear is that he arrived New York on February
926:
He was in London 1890 and recorded this in his autobiography, but it is unclear whether this was after or before his visit to
Warschau in the same year. It is also unclear if he did make changes to church organs there. His Orchestrion that he was carrying with him was not using free reeds at this
580:
In 1831 Prescott . On a business trip to Boston he saw an "elbow organ" or lap organ ("rocking melodeon") built by James Bazin. Seeing the potential of this small REED ORGAN, he commenced manufacturing them in 1836 or 1837 – both the button (melodeon) and the conventional keyboard
511:; after that he went on tour again to Paris, London and other places; maybe he went for the first time to Boston and New York as well, but up to now we don't know of any notice in a newspaper about it. Friedrich Kaufmann, a clock maker, went back home to Dresden and copied Mälzel's machines. The
562:
In March, 1823, Mr. Goodrich undertook to complete, with the assistance of others, a Pan
Harmonicon, in imitation of that of Maelzel. Mr. Savage, the proprietor of a Museum in Boylston Hall, had kept the latter for some time on exhibition in his Museum, and had made considerable progress in
171:
system, it is number: 412.13 (a member of interruptive free aerophones). Free reed instruments are contrasted with non-free or enclosed reed instruments, where the timbre is fully or partially dependent on the shape of the instrument body, Hornbostel–Sachs number: 42
208:
as it goes through a cycle of vibration. One side of the reed frame is omitted from the images for clarity; in reality, the frame completely encloses the reed. Airflow over one side of the reed (labeled “AR”) creates a region of low pressure on that side (see the
213:
article for details), causing the reed to flex towards the low-pressure side. The reed frame is constructed so that the flexing of the reed obstructs the airflow, which reduces or eliminates the low-pressure region and allows the reed to flex back.
563:
constructing one like it. After his death, it was determined to complete it. Mr. Goodrich was employed, and it was finished in May, 1824. From
November, 1824, till sometime in 1825, he was chiefly employed in the exhibition of this instrument;
439:
built one around 1460 AD. In
Copenhagen, one of these instruments with brass pipes and free reeds in-caved into the sides of the pipes inspired the organ builder Kirsnick to fit similar reeds into portable organs. In 1780 Kirsnick moved to
899:, a vibrating reed is used to set a column of air in vibration within the instrument. In such instruments, the pitch is primarily determined by the effective length of that column of air. Although the Chinese
288:
of the musical note produced. Of secondary importance to the pitch are the physical dimensions of the chamber in which the reed is fitted, and of the air flow. As an exception, the pitch of the
Chinese
622:
patent of 1829 however states that the reeds in his instrument "were known for more than 200 years as Regale, Zungen, Schnarrwerk, in organs." He compares the reeds used by him with beating reeds.
717:) in the Soviet Union ranged between 597,307 and 921,674 instruments, while the yearly production of piano accordions ranged between 7,124 and 120,313 instruments (averaging around 50,000).
690:
In 1907, St. Petersburg master accordion maker V. S. Sterlingov created a chromatic button accordion for the player Ya. F. Orlandskiy-Titarenko featuring 52 melody keys and 72 chords of the
687:
and others, and many of these places created their own varieties of the instrument. The first chromatic piano-like accordions in Russia were built in 1871 by
Nikolay Ivanovich Beloborodov.
879:; compared to the standard concertina, which was and is widely utilised in various genres of folk and traditional music, the bandoneon's original intended use was to only be played for
507:. Vogler, Maelzel and Friedrich Kaufmann were then at the same time in Paris in 1807. From there, Mälzel went to Regensburg and Vienna, where he constructed a new Panharmonicon and the
281:
Each time the reed passes through the frame, it interrupts air flow. These rapid, periodic interruptions of the air flow create the audible vibrations perceived by the listener.
284:
In a free-reed instrument, it is generally the physical characteristics of the reed itself, such as mass, length, cross-sectional area, and stiffness, which determine the
630:
The earliest history of the accordion in Russia is poorly documented. Nevertheless, according to
Russian researchers, the earliest known simple accordions were made in
1240:
508:
452:
got an award for the machine in
Petersburg but he never moved to Petersburg. His machine or a copy of this machine came to Paris very shortly after 1780.
635:
567:
There is a story that in 1821 James H. Bazin repaired a free reed pipe and used this type of reeds for constructing, in 1836, the "lap organ".
639:
1359:
1389:
375:
Various free reed instruments appear to have been invented since antiquity. The most likely precursor to free reed aerophones is the
100:
1195:
729:
with Aeoline, circa 1810, made by Johann Kasper Schlimbach at Königshofen Bayern, using steel reeds and frames made in one part.
72:
1098:
550:
7, 1826, which might have been either his first or his second visit to the New World. He also visited Boston around that time.
1340:– an exhibition curated by the Museum of Making Music, Carlsbad, CA – detailing the history and migration of reed instruments.
383:
in ancient China). In this instrument, the main sound producer is the vibrating reed tongue itself, rather than the air flow.
958:
1047:
1237:
1233:
1122:
336:
79:
53:
1162:
1182:
1134:
456:
put all his effort to get this new type of organ pipes in use in church organs so he started with changing organs in
354:
119:
86:
1110:
449:
445:
911:
have pipes, the pipes do not determine the pitch. In these instruments, the pipes serve as resonating chambers.
68:
1146:
847:
57:
1916:
1382:
1145:
The organ in Manitoba: a history of the instruments, the builders and the …, James Barclay Hartman, Page 16
1466:
1083:
680:
326:
17:
1375:
210:
1349:
542:
496:
1880:
1756:
1453:
1415:
1158:
1009:
Picken, Laurence (1 January 1962). "Musical Terms in a Chinese Dictionary of the First Century".
93:
46:
1535:
827:
762:
243:
Air depression is applied under the reed; the reed prevents air flow, except for a small, high-
541:
is often claimed to have invented the free reed. He tells that he worked in 1810 to 1812 with
528:
691:
229:
A reed is fixed by one end in a close-fitting frame. The loose end has a slight rising bend.
1860:
1636:
1590:
1423:
1344:
1193:
See "Demian's Accordion Patent translated from archaic German by Karl and Martin Weyde" at
896:
768:
684:
676:
644:
332:
168:
794:
Additionally, there are other free-reed instruments, such as the well-known and versatile
8:
1746:
1476:
1059:
672:
652:
538:
524:
453:
1850:
655:
Governorates also had significant accordion production. By the 1880s, the list included
403:
1845:
1751:
1595:
1221:
Garmonika. Proshloe i nastoiashchee. Nauchno-istoricheskaia entsyklopedicheskaia kniga.
1026:
991:
900:
664:
660:
648:
395:
145:
1199:
379:, an instrument known to many cultures throughout the world, and by many names (e.g.,
1890:
1768:
1761:
1443:
1438:
954:
714:
695:
656:
432:
321:
156:
1337:
1833:
1828:
1286:
Remont garmonik, bayanov, i akkordeonov. Izdaniye 2-e, ispravlennoye i dopolnenoye.
1018:
983:
904:
821:
808:
668:
599:
448:
also built his speaking machine in Copenhagen and he was in contact with Kirsnick.
441:
181:
1496:
1244:
948:
783:
297:
are determined by fingering recorder-like tone holes along the instrument body.
1885:
1631:
1501:
1398:
1319:
884:
177:
1181:
The History of the Organ in the United States, Orpha Caroline Ochse, Page 112,
1168:
867:; by the late 1800s, the instrument was significantly popular across parts of
367:
1910:
1813:
1651:
1354:
868:
864:
747:
615:
534:
500:
376:
285:
1731:
1363:. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 86–87.
699:
631:
428:
1823:
1798:
1521:
1471:
1406:
1348:
832:
1121:
The New-England Magazine, Band 6, von 1834, Page 25 – 45
423:(11th to 7th centuries BC) of the Zhou Dynasty (c. 1050–256 BC). A free
1840:
1818:
1773:
1726:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1626:
1169:"Oh Suzannah – Silver Strings Variety Night – July 2009"
880:
801:
787:
755:
424:
205:
197:
1030:
995:
842:
has seen many applications across numerous styles of music, including
590:
1895:
1808:
1741:
1736:
1716:
1646:
1580:
1565:
1332:
872:
855:
796:
778:
743:
739:
734:
504:
469:
465:
457:
436:
201:
193:
153:
1560:
35:
1803:
1793:
1721:
1610:
1570:
1428:
1324:
1022:
987:
838:
709:
Between 1953 and 1968, the yearly production of button accordions (
489:
444:
improved these new organ pipes to an adjustable pitch with a hook.
419:
244:
1367:
974:
Crane, Frederick (1 January 1968). "The Jew's Harp as Aerophone".
261:
The reed is sucked through the opening, allowing the air to pass.
221:
1788:
1641:
1605:
1575:
1461:
876:
267:
253:
235:
164:
136:
The reeds of an early 20th-century button accordion, with closeup
1855:
1778:
1585:
1555:
1550:
1516:
1506:
1234:
Etnograficheskii sbornik Russkogo geograficheskogo obshchestva.
1109:
Emerson's magazine and Putnam's monthly, Band 2 1855, Page 117,
843:
710:
703:
492:
485:
481:
477:
461:
414:
294:
192:
The following illustrations depict the type of reed typical of
160:
1486:
887:(liturgy), weddings, and other related holy or sacred events.
863:), a slightly larger concertina, was named by German inventor
1783:
1700:
1600:
1511:
1433:
908:
473:
407:
399:
387:
275:
The elasticity of the reed forces it back through the frame.
173:
149:
132:
826:(the Indian floor harmonium, used often as accompaniment in
518:
1680:
1491:
391:
290:
1481:
1196:"The Classical Free-Reed, Inc. Demian's Accordion Patent"
1133:
The organ: an encyclopedia, off Richard Kassel, Page 441,
1273:
Russkaia instrumentalnaia muzyka folklornoi traditsii
694:. Orlandskiy-Titarenko called his new instrument the
371:
Sheng with 17 pipes; height is 55 cm (22 inches)
759:, patented in two forms (perhaps independently) by:
806:, or pump-organ, has numerous forms, including the
159:in a frame. Air pressure is typically generated by
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1166:
499:and Mälzel changed the type of reeds used in his
1908:
1011:Journal of the International Folk Music Council
576:From 1833, Prescott built similar instruments.
1046:, 5 March 1823. Nr. 10, Vol. 15, pg. 149–155.
946:
1383:
1080:The History of the Organ in the United States
883:devotional or religious ceremonies, such as
1343:
1390:
1376:
625:
1288:Moscow: Legkaya industriya, 1971. p.9-10.
529:Harmonica § Europe and North America
519:Free reed aerophones in the United States
515:still can be seen in a museum in Munich.
355:Learn how and when to remove this message
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
589:
366:
266:
252:
234:
220:
131:
14:
1909:
1333:Reeds World Musical Instrument Gallery
1008:
890:
800:(one of the smallest free reeds). The
431:in the 13th century, while the German
417:pipes, and was first mentioned in the
413:The sheng was traditionally made with
1371:
973:
1247:, Saint Petersburg, 1854. p.26, 162.
1167:SilverStringsClub (16 August 2009).
585:
304:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
1397:
386:Among the ancient instruments, the
24:
1284:Fadeyev, I.G. and I.A. Kuznetsov.
581:type; Video of "rocking melodeon"
27:Class of wind instrument for music
25:
1928:
1313:
1082:, Orpha Caroline Ochse, page 77
335:has been specified. Please help
309:
34:
1300:
1291:
1278:
1265:
1260:Iz istorii akkordeona i baiana.
1252:
1226:
1213:
1187:
1175:
1151:
1139:
1127:
1115:
1044:Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung
594:Free reed from a Melodion, 1867
450:Christian Gottlieb Kratzenstein
446:Christian Gottlieb Kratzenstein
410:have survived to modern times.
45:needs additional citations for
1103:
1088:
1073:
1052:
1037:
1002:
967:
940:
920:
836:hails from Germany, while the
525:Cajun accordion § History
13:
1:
1326:The Classical Free Reed, Inc.
1060:"Pipe Organs With Free Reeds"
950:The Art of Sound Reproduction
933:
953:, Focal Press, p. 117,
558:1823 Pan Harmonicun copied;
187:
7:
720:
10:
1933:
1350:"Free Reed Vibrator"
976:The Galpin Society Journal
698:(after the legendary bard
522:
300:
1873:
1709:
1673:
1664:
1619:
1543:
1534:
1452:
1414:
1405:
610:
1095:The New-England Magazine
914:
1360:Encyclopædia Britannica
1275:. Moscow, 1997. (p.144)
947:John Watkinson (1998),
643:700,000. By the 1860s,
626:The accordion in Russia
598:By 1840, there were 40
828:Indian classical music
782:, patented in 1952 by
763:Sir Charles Wheatstone
738:, patented in 1829 by
608:
595:
583:
574:
565:
556:
513:mechanischer Trompeter
509:mechanischer Trompeter
435:(fl. 15th century) of
372:
271:
257:
239:
225:
137:
1345:Schlesinger, Kathleen
1262:Moscow, 1967. p.43-45
692:Stradella bass system
604:
602:builders in America.
593:
578:
569:
560:
552:
543:Johann Nepomuk Mälzel
497:Johann Nepomuk Mälzel
370:
270:
256:
238:
224:
211:Bernoulli's principle
135:
69:"Free reed aerophone"
1917:Free reed aerophones
1637:Heckelphone-clarinet
1320:What Is A Free Reed?
1171:– via YouTube.
897:woodwind instruments
769:Carl Friedrich Uhlig
427:was invented in the
337:improve this section
325:to meet Knowledge's
152:as air flows past a
54:improve this article
891:Related instruments
830:performances). The
765:, in 1829 and 1844;
539:William M. Goodrich
454:Georg Joseph Vogler
142:free reed aerophone
1596:Reclam de xeremies
1338:The Roots of Reeds
1243:2014-08-10 at the
1223:Moscow, 1994. p.50
1097:, Band 6, page 32
706:) around 1930–35.
596:
373:
272:
258:
240:
226:
146:musical instrument
138:
1904:
1903:
1869:
1868:
1769:Gourd mouth organ
1660:
1659:
1530:
1529:
1062:. Tardis.dl.ac.uk
960:978-0-240-51512-0
790:and accordionist.
636:Timofey Vorontsov
586:Melodeons in 1840
433:Heinrich Traxdorf
365:
364:
357:
327:quality standards
318:This section may
279:
278:
247:flow at the tip.
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
1924:
1834:Orthotonophonium
1829:Indian harmonium
1671:
1670:
1544:Cylindrical bore
1541:
1540:
1416:Cylindrical bore
1412:
1411:
1392:
1385:
1378:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1352:
1307:
1304:
1298:
1295:
1289:
1282:
1276:
1269:
1263:
1256:
1250:
1230:
1224:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1207:
1198:. Archived from
1191:
1185:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1155:
1149:
1143:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1092:
1086:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1056:
1050:
1041:
1035:
1034:
1006:
1000:
999:
971:
965:
964:
944:
928:
924:
809:orthotonophonium
727:QuerhammerflĂĽgel
537:, organ builder
442:Saint Petersburg
360:
353:
349:
346:
340:
313:
312:
305:
217:
216:
169:Hornbostel–Sachs
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
1932:
1931:
1927:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1865:
1705:
1656:
1615:
1526:
1448:
1401:
1399:Reed aerophones
1396:
1316:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1297:Fadeyev, 12-13.
1296:
1292:
1283:
1279:
1270:
1266:
1258:Mirek, Alfred.
1257:
1253:
1245:Wayback Machine
1231:
1227:
1219:Mirek, Alfred.
1218:
1214:
1205:
1203:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1180:
1176:
1163:Wayback Machine
1156:
1152:
1144:
1140:
1132:
1128:
1120:
1116:
1108:
1104:
1093:
1089:
1078:
1074:
1065:
1063:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1042:
1038:
1007:
1003:
972:
968:
961:
945:
941:
936:
931:
925:
921:
917:
895:In the related
893:
784:Pierre Monichon
723:
681:Nizhny Novgorod
638:from 1820, and
628:
613:
588:
531:
521:
361:
350:
344:
341:
330:
314:
310:
303:
190:
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1930:
1920:
1919:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1886:Quadruple reed
1883:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1677:
1675:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1632:Heckel-clarina
1629:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1547:
1545:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1458:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1420:
1418:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1395:
1394:
1387:
1380:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1355:Chisholm, Hugh
1341:
1335:
1330:
1322:
1315:
1314:External links
1312:
1309:
1308:
1299:
1290:
1277:
1264:
1251:
1225:
1212:
1186:
1174:
1150:
1138:
1126:
1114:
1102:
1087:
1072:
1051:
1036:
1023:10.2307/835557
1001:
988:10.2307/841429
966:
959:
938:
937:
935:
932:
930:
929:
918:
916:
913:
892:
889:
792:
791:
774:
773:
772:
766:
751:
730:
722:
719:
627:
624:
612:
609:
587:
584:
547:Pan Harmonicon
520:
517:
402:and the later
363:
362:
333:cleanup reason
317:
315:
308:
302:
299:
277:
276:
273:
263:
262:
259:
249:
248:
241:
231:
230:
227:
189:
186:
148:that produces
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1929:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1814:Physharmonica
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1757:Richter-tuned
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1663:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1533:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1451:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1393:
1388:
1386:
1381:
1379:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1303:
1294:
1287:
1281:
1274:
1268:
1261:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1229:
1222:
1216:
1202:on 2009-06-19
1201:
1197:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1170:
1164:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1112:
1106:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1085:
1081:
1076:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1005:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
977:
970:
962:
956:
952:
951:
943:
939:
923:
919:
912:
910:
906:
902:
898:
888:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
869:South America
866:
865:Heinrich Band
862:
858:
857:
851:
849:
845:
841:
840:
835:
834:
829:
825:
824:
823:
817:
816:
811:
810:
805:
804:
799:
798:
789:
785:
781:
780:
775:
770:
767:
764:
761:
760:
758:
757:
752:
749:
748:Cyrill Demian
745:
741:
737:
736:
731:
728:
725:
724:
718:
716:
712:
707:
705:
701:
697:
693:
688:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
641:
637:
633:
623:
621:
617:
616:Cyrill Demian
607:
603:
601:
592:
582:
577:
573:
568:
564:
559:
555:
551:
548:
544:
540:
536:
535:United States
530:
526:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
501:Panharmonicon
498:
494:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
438:
434:
430:
426:
422:
421:
416:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
384:
382:
378:
369:
359:
356:
348:
345:November 2011
338:
334:
328:
324:
323:
316:
307:
306:
298:
296:
292:
287:
282:
274:
269:
265:
264:
260:
255:
251:
250:
246:
242:
237:
233:
232:
228:
223:
219:
218:
215:
212:
207:
203:
199:
195:
185:
183:
179:
175:
170:
166:
162:
158:
155:
151:
147:
143:
134:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
1732:Couesnophone
1665:
1620:Conical bore
1497:Oboe d'amore
1472:English horn
1454:Conical bore
1358:
1325:
1306:Fadeyev, 15.
1302:
1293:
1285:
1280:
1272:
1267:
1259:
1254:
1248:
1232:
1228:
1220:
1215:
1204:. Retrieved
1200:the original
1189:
1177:
1159:Ghostarchive
1157:Archived at
1153:
1141:
1129:
1117:
1105:
1094:
1090:
1079:
1075:
1064:. Retrieved
1054:
1043:
1039:
1014:
1010:
1004:
979:
975:
969:
949:
942:
922:
907:and Laotian
894:
860:
854:
852:
837:
831:
820:
819:
814:
813:
807:
802:
795:
793:
788:musicologist
777:
754:
733:
726:
708:
689:
632:Tula, Russia
629:
619:
614:
605:
597:
579:
575:
570:
566:
561:
557:
553:
546:
532:
512:
418:
412:
385:
380:
374:
351:
342:
319:
283:
280:
191:
141:
139:
116:
110:October 2008
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1824:Guide-chant
1799:Martinshorn
1536:Single reed
1522:Taepyeongso
1407:Double reed
1271:Banin A.A.
903:, Japanese
833:martinshorn
786:, a French
620:(see below)
406:version of
339:if you can.
206:reed organs
198:pitch pipes
1841:Saenghwang
1819:Pump organ
1774:Hornophone
1727:Concertina
1696:Pitch pipe
1691:Party horn
1686:Bullroarer
1627:Aulochrome
1206:2009-06-19
1066:2018-12-04
934:References
871:, notably
859:(Spanish:
756:concertina
640:Ivan Sizov
523:See also:
505:reed pipes
429:Arab world
425:reed organ
377:Jew's harp
202:accordions
194:harmonicas
163:or with a
80:newspapers
1896:Tone hole
1809:Organetto
1747:Chromatic
1742:Harmonica
1737:Harmoneon
1717:Accordion
1666:Free reed
1647:Saxophone
1581:Launeddas
1566:Chalumeau
1017:: 40–43.
982:: 66–69.
881:Christian
873:Argentina
861:bandoneĂłn
856:bandoneon
848:Caribbean
822:samvadini
803:harmonium
797:harmonica
779:harmoneon
746:inventor
735:accordion
470:Stockholm
466:Frankfurt
458:Rotterdam
437:Nuremberg
188:Operation
167:. In the
154:vibrating
18:Free reed
1911:Category
1804:Melodica
1794:Mangtong
1752:Diatonic
1722:Claviola
1652:Tárogató
1611:Zhaleika
1571:Clarinet
1429:Chirimia
1347:(1911).
1241:Archived
1161:and the
1048:(online)
839:melodica
812:and the
744:Austrian
740:Armenian
721:Examples
685:Simbirsk
677:Kostroma
645:Novgorod
600:melodeon
503:to free
490:Salzburg
488:(1804),
484:(1802),
480:(1800),
476:(1796),
472:(1791),
468:(1791),
464:(1790),
460:(1790),
420:Shi Jing
320:require
245:velocity
1789:Lusheng
1762:Tremolo
1642:Octavin
1606:Xaphoon
1591:Pibgorn
1576:Diplica
1467:Bombard
1462:Bassoon
1424:Balaban
1357:(ed.).
1328:website
877:Uruguay
850:music.
771:, 1834.
711:garmons
673:Vologda
653:Saratov
533:In the
322:cleanup
301:History
165:bellows
94:scholar
1856:Triola
1779:Hulusi
1674:Single
1586:Mijwiz
1561:BĂĽlban
1556:Arghul
1551:Alboka
1517:Sopila
1507:Rhaita
1502:Piston
1477:Gralla
1183:Online
1147:Online
1135:Online
1123:Online
1111:Online
1099:Online
1084:Online
1031:835557
1029:
996:841429
994:
957:
885:masses
844:reggae
715:bayans
704:garmon
665:Moscow
661:Ryazan
649:Vyatka
611:Europe
527:, and
493:Munich
486:Vienna
482:Prague
478:Berlin
462:London
415:bamboo
394:, the
381:k'uang
295:hulusi
204:, and
180:, and
161:breath
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
1874:Other
1846:Sheng
1784:Khene
1701:Sneng
1601:Sipsi
1512:Shawm
1434:Duduk
1353:. In
1238:Vol.2
1027:JSTOR
992:JSTOR
927:time.
915:Notes
909:khene
901:sheng
700:Boyan
696:bayan
657:Oryol
474:Paris
408:Japan
400:China
396:shēng
388:khene
286:pitch
182:brass
174:flute
150:sound
144:is a
101:JSTOR
87:books
1891:Reed
1881:Bore
1710:Sets
1681:Bawu
1492:Oboe
1444:Piri
1439:Guan
955:ISBN
875:and
853:The
846:and
815:peti
776:The
753:The
732:The
713:and
669:Tver
651:and
392:Laos
293:and
291:bawu
178:reed
157:reed
73:news
1851:ShĹŤ
1487:Kèn
1482:Hne
1019:doi
984:doi
905:sho
818:or
634:by
618:'s
545:'s
404:shĹŤ
398:of
390:of
331:No
184:).
56:by
1913::
1861:Yu
1165::
1025:.
1015:14
1013:.
990:.
980:21
978:.
683:,
679:,
675:,
671:,
667:,
663:,
659:,
647:,
200:,
196:,
176:,
140:A
1391:e
1384:t
1377:v
1209:.
1069:.
1033:.
1021::
998:.
986::
963:.
750:.
742:-
358:)
352:(
347:)
343:(
329:.
172:(
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
