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506:. On a search mission in the jungle for another stay-behind-Briton, Chapman was captured by the Japanese but managed to escape back into the jungle during the night, despite being surrounded by Japanese soldiers, who were asleep as well as several on guard. The Japanese had confiscated a number of his possessions including many of his natural scientific observations in diaries, which he requested (via a letter to the Japanese Governor General) be sent to the Royal Geographical Society of London should they be found, although they were never returned.
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preferred to be out walking and climbing in the surrounding fells. This eventually resulted in
Chapman being excused by the headmaster – whom Chapman described as wise and sympathetic to his cause – from having to participate in organised sports, especially cricket, as long as he did not waste his time. Chapman used this time to explore the local area on foot.
275:, in 1926, to study history and English. It was there that he developed his passion for adventure and, by the end of his university years, had already completed several overseas excursions including a climbing expedition in the Alps and a journey to Iceland to study plant and bird life. It was here that he met, and was inspired by, the great mountaineer
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co-educational boarding school in the world. His dynamism and understanding of the requirements of young people were the guiding influence in setting up the school to become a first class success story which lasted for 11 years. He was relieved after its successful commencement, at which time he continued in educational work as
Headmaster of
311:, which was led by Rymill after Watkins' death. Chapman experienced cold of such intensity that he lost all his finger and toe nails. He spent twenty hours in a storm at sea in his kayak and at one point fell into a deep crevasse, saving himself by holding onto the handles of his dog sled. He later led a three-man team across the desolate
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During the
Japanese invasion the then Captain Chapman took part in an undercover raid across the Perak River in support of Rose Force. During the mission Chapman noticed how lightly equipped the Japanese soldiers were in contrast to the heavy kit of the British and Indian forces. He noted they had
260:, I was sent to a private school at Ben Rhydding, on the edge of the Yorkshire Moors. The headmaster – a man of infinite kindness and understanding- was an enthusiastic entomologist... I left Private School with a good knowledge of gardening and a vast enthusiasm for all forms of natural history."
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who lived in guerrilla camps in the jungle, waging war with the
Japanese. However, due to the difficult jungle terrain and also due to Japanese attacks, or by leading search parties for lost members, he gradually lost all his team members through disease and gunfire and was completely cut off. For
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had resided during the last days of World War II. Chapman, as headmaster, set up the school, organised the teachers, arranged for the alterations to accept both boys and girls, and then in one day in 1948 accepted 400 young boys and girls into what was possibly the first successful comprehensive,
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in
Yorkshire, but did not excel in any of his chosen subjects. Chapman, in his own words, "loathed the monotonous bell-regulated routine of school life" and considered lessons as "things to be avoided by all possible means, fair or foul, and organised games were a waste of a fine afternoon.". He
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Chapman was wounded twice during his time in Malaya, once in the leg by a steel nut from a homemade cartridge and once in the arm. He was captured both by
Japanese troops and by Chinese bandits, escaping from both. Once he spent seventeen days in a semi coma, suffering from tick-typhus,
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wrote "Colonel
Chapman has never received the publicity and fame that were his predecessor's lot ; but for sheer courage and endurance, physical and mental, the two men stand together as examples of what toughness the body will find, if the spirit within it is tough; and as very worthy
253:. Chapman developed an early interest in nature and the outdoors. As a boy he was, by his own account, 'first a mad-keen butterfly collector, then a wild-flower enthusiast, and at last a bird-watcher'. These were continuing interests throughout his school years and into his adult life.
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In early 1942, Chapman ran out of the supplies that had been hidden for stay-behind parties such as his team. Chapman and his team then tried to escape from Malaya, but had to hide from the
Japanese in the Malayan jungle with the help of the Malayan Chinese Communists led by
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The resort has a bar named 'Chapman's bar' in
Emerald Bay (from where he swam to the submarine). The resort also hosts the 'Chapman Challenge', which includes a timed trek through the jungle and a swim. Each year descendants of Chapman have attended and even competed.
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Freeman adds, "despite leading such an extraordinary life, Chapman still felt unfulfilled. For someone who had always sought 'to experience the fullness of life, and the inner satisfaction that comes from facing and overcoming danger', old age offered few pleasures.
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Chapman suffered from frequent and severe back pain, as well as recurring stomach pain and headaches. Chapman committed suicide in his study on 8 August 1971, leaving a note for his wife reading, "I don't want you to have to nurse an invalid for the rest of my life."
572:, with the effects of chronic malaria being the worst of it. However much he suffered in the Malayan jungle, Chapman attributed his survival to the basic rule that "the jungle is neutral", that one should view the surroundings as neither good or bad. The role of a
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is to expect nothing and accept the dangers and bounties of the jungle as of a natural course. Hence, one's steady state of mind was of the utmost importance to ensure that the physical health of body and the will to live were reinforced on a daily basis.
482:. Had permission been granted, Chapman speculated that the effect of the trained guerrilla forces would have delayed the Japanese invasion long enough for British reinforcements to arrive in Singapore, and Singapore might not have fallen.
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succeeded to become the first mountaineers to climb the 7314 m high peak, which they finally reached from the
Bhutanese side after finding the route from the Tibetan side impassable. The mountain would not be climbed again until 1970.
398:. Spencer struggled to learn Tibetan, learning it well enough to converse. He was involved in cypher work, kept a meteorological log, pressed six hundred plants, dried seeds, and made notes on bird life. He kept a
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more than one and a half years, he had to live in jungle camps with Chinese Communist guerrillas, traveling long distances through dense and difficult jungles while often suffering high fevers caused by malaria.
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in areas the Japanese might overrun. In August 1941, a plan for stay-behind parties that would include local Indians, Chinese and Malays was proposed, but this was rejected by the British colonial governor, Sir
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After the war, Chapman was asked to form a school in Germany for the sons and daughters of British Forces and Control Commission Civilians resident in the British Zone of occupied Germany. This school, the
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in his expeditions, and the expedition members were a mixture of hard nuts, and rather fey Cambridge misfits. Many of the members would go on to do extraordinary things in the war. These members included
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Both of Chapman's parents died whilst he was still a young child. His mother, Winifred Ormond, died shortly after his birth in London and his father, Frank Spencer Chapman, was killed at the
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bites. Finally, with the help of the Malayan Chinese Communists, they managed to repair first their radio receiver (using car batteries charged with a pedal dynamo) and secondly their
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drops into the jungle. Subsequently, they could support British liaisons with the Malayan Chinese Communist guerrillas, and managed to escape from occupied Malaya in the submarine
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representatives of our national capacity for individual enterprise, which it is hoped that even the modern craze for regulating our lives in every detail will never stifle."
513:, John Davis and Richard Broome, were isolated again among the Communist guerrillas until early 1945. During that time, they had to fight against jungle diseases, namely,
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245:; Freddie (or sometimes Freddy as he was to become known) and his older brother, Robert, were cared for by an elderly clergyman and his wife in the village of
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followed on 7 November 1946. He retained a reserve commission until 4 December 1957, when he reached the age limit for service. He was belatedly awarded the
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little standard issue equipment other than raincoats which had a hood and covered the bikes they were riding, allowing them to continue cycling in the rain.
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on a weekly basis. He was allowed to wander and did so in an unshepherded way into the middle of Tibet and around the Holy City.
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Barker, Ralph (1975). One Man's Jungle: A Biography of F.Spencer Chapman, D.S.O., Chatto and Windus, pp.268–292
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equipment with spare parts collected by the Communist guerrillas (the military wing of this being the
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and was an able kayaker and dog sledger. Chapman, with the other expedition members, was awarded the
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In 1946, Chapman married Faith Townson and had three children: Nicholas, Stephen and Christopher.
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challenge, 70 miles (112.7 km) and 30,000 feet (9,100 m) of climbing in the English
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After his return from Lhasa, Chapman obtained permission to lead a five-man expedition from
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At the age of 8, "after a disastrous term in the kindergarten of a girls' school in
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Moynahan, B. The Jungle Soldier: The True Story of Freddy Spencer Chapman. Quercus
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In the foreword to Chapman's book on his experiences in Japanese occupied Malaya,
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Early in 1936, he joined a Himalayan climbing expedition. He was not only a keen
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The Pangkor Laut island resort has a memorial to Chapman, with a quotation from
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469:). One of the main objects of this school was the organisation of parties to
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ice-cap. The first European to do this since Nansen, he became fluent in the
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In between the Greenland Expeditions he attempted what was to become the
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Chapman, F.S (1940) Helvellyn to Himalaya, London: Chatto & Windus.
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229:. He also received several unofficial awards: the Gill Memorial Medal,
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The Tibet Album – British photography in Central Tibet, 1920 – 50.
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The Red Dragons ( Magazines of King Alfred School Plõn 1948–1953 )
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Due to continued Japanese attacks, Chapman and the two members of
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Whilst at Sedbergh School, Chapman won a Kitchener Scholarship to
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The Tibetan Album: British Photography in Central Tibet 1920–1950
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of "events" in Lhasa and took many photographs that were sent to
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In late 1943, Chapman finally re-established contact with the
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being amongst his heroes. He enjoyed difficult climbs and met
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veteran, most famous for his exploits behind enemy lines in
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Jungle Soldier: The True Story of Freddy Spencer Chapman
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Jungle Soldier, The true story of Freddy Spencer Chapman
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Laut off the west coast disguised as Chinese labourers.
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Chapman was attached as "ski expert and naturalist" to
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All books published by Chatto & Windus in London.
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Fells, his time of 25 hours was not however a record.
899:"Mr Watkins' Expedition to East Greenland, 1932–33".
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after a trek from the mainland jungle to the island
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on 6 June 1939, Chapman was chosen for a mission in
541:). They were able to contact their headquarters in
394:and establish permanent British representation in
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592:On 21 February 1946 Chapman was appointed to the
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1109:(Supplement). 15 January 1960. pp. 545–546.
1333:British military personnel who died by suicide
1323:Military history of Malaya during World War II
1303:British Special Operations Executive personnel
1313:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
1089:(Supplement). 29 November 1957. p. 7042.
233:, and the Lawrence of Arabia Memorial Medal.
27:British Army officer and World War II veteran
1069:(Supplement). 5 November 1946. p. 5465.
545:to organise reinforcements and supplies via
940:East Greenland Expedition (Pan Am) 1932 -33
739:, 1945 (combined reprint of the above two).
366:but studied the history of mountaineering,
307:. He also joined Watkins' subsequent fatal
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327:, after the successful first expedition.
651:in January 1964 when he was surprised by
263:When Chapman was 14 years old he went to
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
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281:Cambridge University Mountaineering Club
43:This article includes a list of general
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848:"Frederick Spencer Chapman (1907-1971)"
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695:Chapman memorial at Pangkor Laut resort
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1348:Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
1288:British Army personnel of World War II
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833:Jungle Soldier, Brian Moynahan, (2009)
344:Gino Watkins moulded an extraordinary
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461:and eventually to join what was then
502:. Two other Britons joined him from
209:(10 May 1907 – 8 August 1971) was a
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539:Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army
297:British Arctic Air Route Expedition
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1283:People educated at Sedbergh School
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465:(STS 101) in Singapore (set up by
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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1250:"The great birdwatching war hero"
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1164:. 9 December 2018. Archived from
1049:. 19 February 1946. p. 1048.
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960:. 4 November 1932. p. 6991.
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1011:. Guilford, Conn: Lyons Press.
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1343:Military personnel from London
1308:Suicides by firearm in England
991:. 4 August 1939. p. 5406.
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299:. Expedition members included
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1318:Recipients of the Polar Medal
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1007:Chapman, F. Spencer (2003).
621:in Schleswig-Holstein where
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273:St John's College, Cambridge
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594:Distinguished Service Order
463:Special Training School 101
223:Distinguished Service Order
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880:Chapman, F.S (1940), p. 3.
425:In 1938 Spencer taught at
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1206:Frederick Spencer Chapman
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889:Chapman, F.S (1940)(p7-8)
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221:. His medals include the
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18:Frederick Spencer Chapman
1191:The Battle for Singapore
846:Freeman, Claire (2006).
813:"T. E. Lawrence Studies"
780:Moynahan, Brian (2009).
737:Memoirs of a Mountaineer
719:Watkins' Last Expedition
688:carved in black marble.
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615:King Alfred School, Plön
453:to train Australian and
237:Early life and education
219:Japanese occupied Malaya
1213:Moynahan, Brian (2009)
1009:The jungle is neutral:
433:was one of his pupils.
277:Geoffrey Winthrop Young
98:Freddie Spencer Chapman
64:more precise citations.
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645:He was the subject of
441:Commissioned into the
1162:"Pangkor Laut Resort"
743:The Jungle is Neutral
731:Helvellyn to Himalaya
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686:The Jungle is Neutral
680:Reputation and legacy
640:University of Reading
602:Efficiency Decoration
582:The Jungle Is Neutral
478:, as extravagant and
413:to the holy mountain
359:and Chapman himself.
249:, on the edge of the
725:Lhasa: The Holy City
604:on 19 January 1970.
443:Seaforth Highlanders
1338:People from Cartmel
628:St Andrew's College
357:Augustine Courtauld
305:Augustine Courtauld
243:Battle of the Somme
1258:. 21 October 2009.
1168:on 9 December 2018
1148:Freeman, C (2006)
1106:The London Gazette
1086:The London Gazette
1066:The London Gazette
1046:The London Gazette
988:The London Gazette
957:The London Gazette
856:Pitt Rivers Museum
817:www.telstudies.org
756:Living Dangerously
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427:Gordonstoun School
1189:Thompson, Peter,
648:This Is Your Life
535:radio transmitter
459:guerrilla warfare
323:, with the clasp
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225:and Bar, and the
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1170:. Retrieved
1166:the original
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215:World War II
213:officer and
211:British Army
189:
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153:(1971-08-08)
91:
76:
67:
48:
1278:1971 deaths
1273:1907 births
1217:, Quercus,
1101:"No. 41931"
1081:"No. 41242"
1061:"No. 37780"
1041:"No. 37476"
983:"No. 34651"
952:"No. 33880"
784:. Quercus.
642:(1966–71).
632:Grahamstown
586:Earl Wavell
574:survivalist
527:skin ulcers
471:stay behind
455:New Zealand
372:Basil Gould
364:mountaineer
321:Polar Medal
301:John Rymill
287:Expeditions
227:Polar Medal
136:10 May 1907
62:introducing
1267:Categories
1172:9 December
1018:1592281079
800:References
457:forces in
447:lieutenant
415:Chomolhari
295:' 1930–31
164:Occupation
132:1907-05-10
45:references
1229:Force 136
927:251051734
570:pneumonia
553:Statesman
551:HMS
547:parachute
523:dysentery
511:Force 136
504:Force 136
492:Chin Peng
480:defeatist
451:Australia
368:Dr Kellas
313:Greenland
142:, England
1027:53028704
769:See also
608:Post-war
519:beriberi
283:(CUMC).
180:Children
1184:Sources
764:, 1955.
758:, 1953.
745:, 1948
733:, 1940.
727:, 1938.
721:, 1934.
715:, 1932.
638:at the
543:Colombo
515:malaria
500:British
247:Cartmel
167:Soldier
58:improve
1235:
1221:
1197:
1025:
1015:
925:
788:
749:
568:, and
437:Malaya
429:where
411:Sikkim
380:Bhutan
376:Sikkim
258:Kendal
197:&
172:Spouse
140:London
105:&
47:, but
923:S2CID
909:(5).
667:Death
531:leech
529:from
445:as a
404:India
400:diary
396:Lhasa
392:China
384:Tibet
204:
202:,
112:
110:,
1233:ISBN
1219:ISBN
1195:ISBN
1174:2018
1023:OCLC
1013:ISBN
786:ISBN
747:ISBN
619:Plön
525:and
382:and
303:and
148:Died
122:Born
915:doi
598:Bar
467:SOE
199:Bar
195:DSO
107:Bar
103:DSO
1269::
1252:.
1201:HB
1103:.
1083:.
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997:^
985:.
954:.
921:.
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864:^
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838:^
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630:,
521:,
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378:,
355:,
206:ED
192:,
114:ED
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917::
907:1
858:.
794:.
183:3
134:)
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