93:'. Although they were referred to as crown solicitors, they were not considered to be professionally retained by the Crown and were independent of it. At the time in New South Wales, the only legally trained persons were those with criminal backgrounds who had been transported to Sydney as convicts. Attorneys such as George Crossley and others while permitted to appear in court as agents (and not lawyers), were not allowed to be admitted due to the English laws which precluded the admission of legal professionals with criminal backgrounds.
164:. The role of the clerk of the peace is as the registrar of the Court of Quarter Sessions. Apparently Garling was also empowered to file informations in the name of the attorney-general, although it is not clear whether this involved actually prosecuting criminals. In 1830 he was appointed as a crown prosecutor and held this role until 1837. He continued as clerk of the peace until 1839 when he could no longer perform both role as crown prosecutor and clerk of the peace.
100:. The ship was captured by an American privateer off the island of Madeira. Garling did not arrive in Sydney until 8 August 1815 ostensibly because of this. Historian John Bennett notes that this was unlikely as the cause of the delay, and that in fact, the delay was due to Garling not wishing to leave earlier. The other lawyer Moore arrived seven months earlier.
368:"The new law list, being a list of the judges, and officers of the courts of Chancery, King's Bench, ... A list of Counsel, special pleaders, ... a complete and accurate list of all the certificated attornies in England and Wales", By John Hughes, ... London, 1800. Eighteenth Century Collections Online. Gale Group. Gale Document Number: CW3304737826, p45
211:, observed that if Moore and Garling had remained in England as attorneys, they "would have been fortunate to be allowed to sit at the same dining table in an hotel as the circuit barristers". This is a reference to the fact that at that time, most junior barristers earned their living in unfashionable circuits in country areas of England.
72:. Garling is recorded as being a "certificated" attorney. He married Elizabeth (née Spratt) in London on 14 April 1801. Elizabeth and Garling had five children prior to her death. After Elizabeth's death, he married Sarah Oliver White on 15 September 1835. Sarah died in September 1840 without having children.
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like that in
England. Legal practitioners were admitted as both advocates and attorneys. After the second Supreme Court started business, barristers moved for the court to formally split the profession into barristers and into solicitors. Garling, along with other practitioners, opposed the splitting
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in May 1824. Forbes formally re-admitted all existing practitioners in the colony. While
Garling appears first on the roll, it is claimed that the roll dates from no earlier than 1828. Whatever the merits of the argument, both Moore and Garling can be jointly considered as the first solicitors of New
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was commissioned to report on the state of the New South Wales colony to the
Colonial Office. In his report on the legal affairs of the colony, Bigge reported that Garling and Moore had been 'very fully remunerated' for the expense of moving to the colony. Author Forbes observes that Garling and
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on 5 October 1816. Garling was progressive in that he apparently allowed emancipist solicitors to practise in the courts over which he presided. Macquaire also appointed
Garling a justice of the peace. This was an important appointment in the colony, as at the time, a justice of the peace was in
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of the bar in this manner when it was first mooted in 1824 by newly arrived barristers in the colony. Chief
Justice Francis Forbes upheld the fusion of the bar and the legal profession. While Garling opposed the notion, author Forbes notes that Garling knew his place. Garling was quoted in the
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Garling and Moore's appointments as "Crown
Solicitors" were abolished in 1828. The office was revived in 1829 but neither Garling nor Moore were reappointed. Until 1832 Garling received an allowance for being the Crown Solicitor notwithstanding that his appointment was no longer valid.
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were induced to travel to New South Wales by the
Colonial Office in the United Kingdom to begin life as a solicitor in that colony. He was offered the sum of £300 to undertake the journey. Both Moore and Garling were first called 'stipendiary Solicitors', and then were later called
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London
Metropolitan Archives, Saint George, Bloomsbury, Register of baptisms, Jan 1730 - Oct 1775, P82/GEO1/001: digital copy viewed on Ancestry.com. London, England, Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1538-1812. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010 on 24 August
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The
National Archives of the UK; Kew, Surrey, England; Court of King's Bench: Plea Side: Affidavits of Due Execution of Articles of Clerkship, Series I; Class: KB 105; Piece: 5: digital copy viewed on Ancestry.com. UK, Articles of Clerkship, 1756-1874 on 24 August
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effect a local authority governing planning, liquor trading and employment regulation. Additionally, one of the functions of the Deputy Judge
Advocate as a justice of the peace was to sit as a court of petty sessions hearing less serious criminal charges.
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London Metropolitan Archives, Saint George, Bloomsbury, Register of marriages, P82/GEO1, Item 019: digital copy viewed on Ancestry.com. London, England, Marriages and Banns, 1754-1921. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2010 on 24 August
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consisting largely of convicts and ex-convicts. The legal work of the colony largely comprised defamation and debt recovery claims. Forbes notes that some commentators have suggested that Garling and More were "not particularly good
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Garling's biographer describes him as "generous and public-spirited" and a member of many benevolent institutions in New South Wales. Garling appears to have done well as a lawyer in Sydney. Commissioner
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Moore were both unremarkable "men of their day". This has to borne in mind with the background of New South Wales at the time. The colony was still considered a backward outpost of the
156:. Today, this comprises the whole of the land area into which modern Sydney now has transformed. However, at the time, the county only comprised various townships including Sydney,
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on 10 November 1815. Governor Macquarie offered Garling the office of Deputy Judge Advocate on an acting basis from 12 December 1815. Garling held this office until the arrival of
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and Garling was the second. It is probable that Garling was the first solicitor admitted to the second Supreme Court which was opened by the first
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The biographers for both Garling and Moore note that on 11 May 1815, Moore was the first attorney admitted to the first Supreme Court (being the
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maker. His paternal grandfather was Nicolaus Garling, a German who migrated to the UK in the 18th century. He was admitted at
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on 16 September 1824 as observing that his instinct was to defer to gentlemen with the "higher duties of barrister".
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He was born in London, the son of Nicholas Garling, a London
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and was regarded as the first senior solicitor of the second
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Garling was recommended for the post of attorney-general in
28:(17 February 1775 – 2 May 1848) was an English attorney and
590:"Statistical, Historical, and Political Description of NSW"
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Garling died on 2 May 1848 aged 73 years. He was buried in
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519:The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser
450:History of the New South Wales Bar, Bennett, John
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493:Division of the Profession (Bar Monopoly Case)
219:The colony of New South Wales did not have a
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403:. Canberra: National Centre of Biography,
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395:"Moore, William Henry (1788 - 1854)"
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588:Wentworth, William Charles (1819).
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400:Australian Dictionary of Biography
280:Australian Dictionary of Biography
275:"Garling, Frederick (1775 - 1848)"
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549:. Sydney: Law Book Company Ltd.
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273:McIntyre, Joanna (1966).
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545:Forbes, J R S (1979).
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565:"Practising the Law"
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154:County of Cumberland
575:on 4 September 2007
393:Mckay, R J (1967).
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294:978-0-522-84459-7
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30:solicitor
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