588:, Baader says that Man was originally an androgynous being. Neither man nor woman is the "image and likeness of God" but only the androgyne. Both sexes are equally fallen from the original divinity of the androgyne. Androgynism is man's likeness to God, his supernatural upsurge. Hence it follows that sexes must cease and vanish. From these positions Baader interpreted the sacrament of marriage as a symbolic restitution of angelic bisexuality:
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356:). This process functions as a self-generation of God, in which we may distinguish two aspects—the immanent or esoteric and the eminent or exoteric. Only insofar as the "primitive will" thinks or is conscious of itself can it distinguish knower and known, producer and produced, from which proceeds the power to become spirit. God has His reality only insofar as He is absolute spirit. The
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97:—a terrain towards which Baader points the way, and leaves his mark on the formulations of both Benjamin and Heidegger. Heidegger (characteristically) does not cite Baader's work directly: rather, his terminology and manner of speaking about the problem of evil suggest that he read Baader on this subject, tracing
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or mystical symbols and analogies. His doctrines are mostly expounded in short detached essays, in comments on the writings of Böhme and St-Martin, or in his extensive correspondence and journals. However, there are salient points which mark the outline of his thought. Baader starts from the position
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He was one of the most influential theologians of his age but his influence on subsequent philosophy has been less marked, and tends to be submerged into the esoteric discussions of later thinkers rather than cited explicitly in major publications. A notable exception to this tendency appears in the
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in Baader) is not a given but is rendered possible, is mirrored in, and takes place through the eternal and impersonal idea or wisdom of God, which exists beside through not distinct from the "primitive will". Personality and concrete reality is given to separate aspects of this
Trinity through
140:, on 27 March 1765. He was the third son of Joseph Franz von Paula Baader (15 September 1733 – 16 February 1794) and Maria Dorothea Rosalia von Schöpf (25 October 1742 – 5 February 1829), who were married on 23 May 1761. In 1775, Franz's father Joseph became the court physician of
316:, since like the Scholastics he believed that theology and philosophy are not opposed but that reason has to make clear the truths given by authority and revelation. In his attempts to draw the realms of faith and knowledge still closer, however, he approaches the mysticism of
88:
mystical project published after
Benjamin's death where both Baader and Molitor are cited as catalytic to their exploration of the Kabbalah. An exemplar of the tendency to conceal Baader's influence shows up at an importance juncture in the thought of
174:, and for a short time assisted his father in his medical practice. However, Franz soon discovered that life as a physician did not suit him, and he decided to become a mining engineer instead. He studied under
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The secret and the sacrament of true love in the indissoluble bond of the two lovers, consists in each helping the other, each in himself, towards the restoration of the androgyne, the pure and whole humanity.
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In 1826, when the new university was opened in Munich, he was appointed professor of philosophy and speculative theology. He published some of his lectures there in 4 parts from 1827 to 1836 under the title
324:, and Böhme. Our existence depends upon God's cognition of us. All self-consciousness is at the same time God-consciousness, and all knowledge is knowing with, consciousness of, or participation in God.
265:. From 1817 to 1820, he held the post of superintendent of mines and was raised to the rank of nobility for his services. He retired in 1820, and thereafter published one of the best of his works,
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that human reason by itself can never reach the end it aims at and maintains that we cannot throw aside the presuppositions of faith, church, and tradition. His point of view may be described as
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In some records her middle name is spelled "Rosalie." Also, in some records her last name is spelled "von Schöpff". She was a daughter of Johann Adam von Schöpf (1702 – 10 January 1772).
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in civil matters and, in consequence, was interdicted from lecturing on the philosophy of religion during the last three years of his life. He died on 23 May 1841. He is buried in the
642:
524:). As Baader considered God alone to be the true ruler of mankind, he argued that loyalty to a government can only be secured or given when it was truly Christian; he opposed
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over a number of works based upon this understanding of the universe, but in the main coincides with the ideas of Böhme. Principally, he traces the adverse effects of various
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Ultimately Christ's sacrifice will make possible a restoration of the primal androgyny. Baader believed that primordial androgyny would return as the world neared its end.
457:) is enough. Instead, though humanity has lost the ability to accomplish this on its own, it is necessary to realize and participate in our place in the divine order. As
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were historic facts which were possible, though not necessary. Baader considered the angels to have fallen through a desire to ascend to equality with God (i.e.,
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387:, which is an unnecessary, free, and non-temporal act of God's love and will which cannot be speculatively deduced but must be accepted as a historic fact.
229:, and the works he published during this period were manifestly influenced by that philosopher, though Baader maintained his independence from Schelling.
93:: Both Benjamin and Heidegger begin with similar problems derived from a revisitation of major issues in early scholastic thought in the 1913 seminar of
715:. Historisch-kritische kommentierte Ausgabe. Herausgegeben von Alberto Bonchino. Leiden/Paderborn 2024 (= Franz von Baader: Ausgewählte Werke, Bd. 4),
694:. Historisch-kritische kommentierte Ausgabe. Herausgegeben von Alberto Bonchino. Leiden/Paderborn 2024 (= Franz von Baader: Ausgewählte Werke, Bd. 3),
673:. Historisch-kritische kommentierte Ausgabe. Herausgegeben von Alberto Bonchino. Leiden/Paderborn 2021 (= Franz von Baader: Ausgewählte Werke, Bd. 2),
652:. Historisch-kritische kommentierte Ausgabe. Herausgegeben von Alberto Bonchino. Leiden/Paderborn 2021 (= Franz von Baader: Ausgewählte Werke, Bd. 1),
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641:, and Vol. XV with his biography and correspondence. Vol. XVI contained an index to the others, as well as an able sketch of his system by
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605:
Several years after his death, Baader's works were collected and edited by a number of his disciples. This was published in 16 volumes at
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572:, a synthesis which creates an entirely new being, and which does not merely juxtapose the two sexes 'in an enflamed opposition' as the
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nature, which is eternally and necessarily produced by God. These aspects of existence do not occur successively within time but occur
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Franz' two older brothers were both distinguished men. Clemens Alois
Andreas Baader (8 April 1762 – 23 March 1838) was an author.
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On Baader's influence on and friendship with
Schelling and the reasons for their eventual break with one another, see
637:, Vol. XII with his commentaries on St-Martin, Vol. XIII with his commentaries on Böhme, Vol. XIV with
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Their friendship continued till about the year 1822, when Baader's denunciation of modern philosophy in his letter to
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908:. Studies in continental thought. Translated by Davis, Bret W. Bloomington Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.
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430:—only began after the fall of mankind and was created as a gift from God permitting humanity the opportunity for
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Abashnik, Vladimir (2010), "Benedikt Franz Xaver von Baader", in Klemme, Heiner F.; Kuehn, Manfred (eds.),
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205:, which was extremely distasteful to him. But he also came into contact with the mystical speculations of
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as necessary elements of the self-evolution of divine Being. Its "nature" is not to be confused with the
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in 6 parts from 1822 to 1825. In it, he combats modern philosophy and recommends the study of Böhme.
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entirely alienated
Schelling. During this time, Baader continued to apply himself to his profession.
1143:, Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (1. ed.), München/Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, p. 697
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It is difficult to summarize Baader's philosophy, for he expressed his deepest thoughts in obscure
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Scholem, Gershom (1980). ""A Candid Letter on My
Intentions in Studying Kabbalah"(addressed to
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Baader was regarded as among the greatest speculative theologians of 19th-century
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1284:, vol. 3 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 173–175
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The Myth of
Disenchantment: Magic, Modernity, and the Birth of the Human Sciences
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414:) and man through permitting himself to sink to the level of nature (via the
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35:
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Natur und Gott: Das wirkungsgeschichtliche Verhältnis
Schellings und Baaders
1313:(in German), vol. 1 (online ed.), pp. 474–476, idn: 118505378
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The
Androgyne is the harmonious fusion of the sexes, resulting in a certain
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Commission bei der königl. Akademie der Wissenschaften (1883),
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Today Baader is thought to have re-introduced theological engagement with
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1266:, vol. I, London: Continuum International Publishing, pp. 39–43
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is required for such a realization, no ethical theory neglecting sin and
217:, which were more to his liking. In 1796, he returned to Germany and, in
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In some records, Clemens's middle name is spelled "Aloys" or "Aloysius".
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Benjamin, Walter (1978). "The Language of Man and Language as Such".
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His 1831 "Forty Sentences from a Religious Erotic" was dedicated to
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and advocates the restoration of natural harmonies by its removal.
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Created beings were originally of three orders: the intelligent or
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at the basis of all things and an everlasting process or activity (
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18th and 19th-century German philosopher and theologian (1765–1841)
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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between 1851 and 1860, organized by topic. Vol. I dealt with
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to their roots in Baader on his way to the primary documents of
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rejects the idea that obedience to moral laws alone (as in
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1323:[Franz von Baader's Biography and Correspondence]
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The Dictionary of Eighteenth-Century German Philosophers
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In England, Franz von Baader became acquainted with the
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correspondence and later explication of the origins of
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336:. God is not to be conceived as mere abstract Being (
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In 1838, he publicly opposed the interference of the
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Hoffman, Franz Karl; et al., eds. (1851–1860),
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Baader argued that two things were requisite in the
473:'s healing virtue must be received, chiefly through
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The Theory of Categories and Meaning in Duns Scotus
843:Scholem, Gershom (1980). "How I Came To Kabbalah".
155:(30 September 1763 – 20 November 1835) was an
1341:(in German), Leipzig: Verlag von Herrmann Bethmann
845:On the Possibility of Jewish Mysticism in Our Time
830:On the Possibility of Jewish Mysticism in Our Time
747:His first name is spelled "Josef" in some records.
332:Baader's philosophy is thus essentially a form of
713:Vorlesungen über speculative Dogmatik (1828–1838)
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560:One of Baader's central ideas is his concept of
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1321:Franz von Baaders Biographie und Briefwechsel
580:Following the literal wording of the first of
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72:and has been considered a revival of the
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1444:Studies related to Franz von Baader
586:two accounts of the creation of man
540:was a civil community ruled by the
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1307:"Baader, Benedikt Franz Xaver von"
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465:is satisfactory or even possible.
253:) for his new method of employing
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1337:[Baader's Complete Works]
873:Bernasconi, Robert (2018-05-20).
1561:19th-century German philosophers
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1541:Burials at the Alter Südfriedhof
1521:18th-century German philosophers
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692:Fermenta Cognitionis (1822–1825)
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944:Josephson-Storm, Jason (2017).
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1298:Encyclopedia of Homosexuality
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862:. Schocken. pp. 314–332.
633:, Vol. XI with Baader's
625:, Vols. V & VI with
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1318:Hoffman, Franz Karl (1857),
1296:, in Dynes, Wayne R. (ed.),
242:He gained a prize of 12,000
211:Louis Claude de Saint-Martin
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1551:19th-century German writers
1346:Zovko, Marie-Élise (1996),
929:Heidegger, Martin (2022) .
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32:Benedikt Franz Xaver Baader
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906:Country path conversations
904:Heidegger, Martin (2016).
847:. Schocken. pp. 4–12.
795:cogitor ergo cogito et sum
469:are never sufficient, but
1335:Baaders Sämmtliche Werke
891:10.5840/gatherings2017710
832:. Schocken. pp. 1–3.
221:, became acquainted with
213:, and above all those of
153:Joseph Anton Ignaz Baader
1410:Franz Hoffmann (1875), "
1311:Neue Deutsche Biographie
1289:Dynes, Wayne R. (1990),
1272:Adamson, Robert (1878),
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1395:Encyclopædia Britannica
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1281:Encyclopædia Britannica
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933:. Indiana University.
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344:) but as the primary
293:Roman Catholic Church
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288:, a Munich painter.
277:Spekulative Dogmatik
267:Fermenta Cognitionis
1441:Friesen, J. Glenn,
1197:, pp. 174–175.
1165:Ges. d. deut. Phil.
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416:various bodily sins
227:Friedrich Schelling
186:from 1792 to 1796.
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62:Western philosophy
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1357:978-3-8260-1187-0
1247:Hoffman 1851–1860
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915:978-0-253-02163-2
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1516:1841 deaths
1511:1765 births
1483:Catholicism
1450:(in German)
1365:Attribution
1291:"Androgyny"
1014:Grassl 1953
885:: 164–181.
860:Reflections
615:metaphysics
486:Catholicism
299:in Munich.
257:instead of
246:(≈117
237:Alexander I
215:Jakob Böhme
107:Duns Scotus
99:Schelling's
42:philosopher
1505:Categories
1256:References
1232:Dynes 1990
1183:Giles 1911
1147:2021-04-02
1050:Zovko 1996
828:, 1926)".
643:Lutterbeck
570:asexuality
538:idea state
534:liberalism
467:Mere works
463:redemption
455:Kantianism
436:physiology
432:redemption
342:substantia
322:Paracelsus
303:Philosophy
195:David Hume
191:empiricism
168:Ingolstadt
74:Scholastic
58:empiricism
46:theologian
1471:Biography
801:Descartes
723:, E-Book
702:, E-Book
681:, E-Book
660:, E-Book
562:androgyny
530:socialism
526:despotism
514:civil war
334:theosophy
309:aphorisms
122:Theosophy
66:Descartes
50:physician
518:invasion
504:Politics
477:and the
385:Creation
360:(called
328:Theology
180:Freiberg
164:medicine
157:engineer
103:theodicy
76:school.
39:Catholic
34:, was a
1495:Germany
1457:Portals
1436:. 1913.
1392:(ed.),
1382::
635:diaries
607:Leipzig
582:Genesis
546:pietism
408:Lucifer
400:freedom
358:Trinity
219:Hamburg
184:England
138:Bavaria
70:atheism
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392:angels
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259:potash
251:silver
244:gulden
201:, and
172:Vienna
144:, the
134:Munich
64:since
52:, and
36:German
1294:(PDF)
789:Latin
776:Zovko
735:Notes
601:Works
510:state
459:grace
424:space
412:pride
352:actus
338:Latin
263:glass
1352:ISBN
952:ISBN
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639:time
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438:and
420:time
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346:Will
234:Tsar
170:and
128:Life
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