954:
2555:
2482:
1078:
2492:
2531:
2543:
2519:
472:, a work which was widely circulated and copied, and remained influential for at least 200 years. Unlike many theoretical treatises of the 13th century, it was a practical guide, and entirely avoided metaphysical speculations; it was evidently written for musicians, and was full of musical examples for each point made in the text.
514:
were based on context: a stream of similar-appearing notes on the page would be interpreted as a series of long and short values by a trained singer based on a complex series of learned rules. While the old system was to remain largely in place for decades longer, under Franco's method the notes
431:, and his Teutonic origin is mentioned in several sources, he was probably German, probably traveled between Cologne and Paris, which had close relations during that time, and probably had a musical position at Notre Dame at some point, perhaps as a teacher, composer or singing master.
457:
in three voices. No music of Franco with reliable attribution has survived, although some works of the late 13th century, from
Parisian sources but stylistically resembling German music of the time, have on occasion been attributed to him.
519:
indicating their duration. From the evidence of the spread of his treatise and the writings of later scholars, this innovation seems to have been received well; then again Franco was a papal chaplain and a preceptor of a large body of
423:, an extremely powerful position in northern Europe in the 13th century. Other documents of the time refer to him as "Franco of Paris" as well as "Franco teutonicus"; since his writing on music is intimately associated with the
535:
dates from about 1240, not long before; clearly the mid-13th century was a time of progress in music notation and theory, even if it were only catching up with the current state of composition and performance.
510:
The central part of Franco's treatise, and by far the most famous, is his suggestion that the notes themselves can define their own durations. Formerly, under the system of the rhythmic modes,
555:
The
Franconian Motet was named after Franco of Cologne. These motets, composed around 1250–1280, differed from the earlier Notre Dame motets in that they did not use the rhythmic modes, the
693:
354:
393:
permanently: that the duration of any note should be determined by its appearance on the page, and not from context alone. The result was
371:
2595:
1115:
1653:
861:
2605:
2585:
2145:
1007:
504:
888:
803:
720:
633:
507:, but scholarship beginning in the 1980s determined that Garlandia edited an anonymous manuscript late in the 13th century.)
2610:
1145:
347:
52:
2590:
499:
are described in detail, although Franco has a different numbering scheme for the modes than does the anonymous treatise
1987:
1479:
2615:
559:
was more subdivided, and the multiple texts could also be in multiple languages. An example of a
Franconian Motet is
2369:
2600:
2354:
2327:
1140:
835:
585:
60:
2580:
2349:
411:
Some details are known about his life, and more can be inferred. In his own treatise he described himself as the
340:
2359:
1608:
2575:
1665:
1273:
1155:
1474:
1593:
1508:
1108:
581:
2509:
2472:
2337:
1135:
755:
178:
48:
2332:
2007:
2002:
1648:
881:
795:
625:
2485:
1633:
1563:
1101:
999:
704:
468:
399:
25:
2344:
2535:
2495:
2374:
2180:
1836:
1523:
547:, and one of the few whose name has been preserved; many of the surviving works are anonymous.
1216:
712:
2436:
1751:
1603:
1459:
1454:
1316:
1013:
933:
131:
56:
1898:
1528:
2248:
2243:
2150:
1967:
1954:
1903:
1872:
1821:
1712:
1558:
1373:
1358:
1301:
1251:
1211:
1168:
1081:
918:
874:
258:
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203:
173:
158:
85:
1618:
1388:
729:
8:
2451:
2446:
2294:
2077:
1867:
1766:
1697:
1573:
1568:
1513:
1429:
1399:
1256:
1246:
1201:
1163:
824:
Reaney, Gilbert (1964). "The
Question of Authorship in the Medieval Treatises on Music".
746:
495:, and indeed all the compositional techniques of the 13th century Notre Dame school. The
416:
295:
168:
80:
1538:
1180:
2559:
2405:
2395:
2364:
2175:
2155:
1997:
1893:
1841:
1801:
1786:
1702:
1553:
1464:
1236:
839:
775:
767:
699:
670:
668:
503:
on the rhythmic modes, written not long before. (This treatise was once attributed to
2491:
2277:
2165:
2095:
2042:
1977:
1888:
1883:
1831:
1791:
1728:
1707:
1613:
1598:
1548:
1409:
1368:
1296:
1206:
1067:
976:
913:
826:
799:
779:
716:
629:
589:
424:
327:
280:
208:
198:
102:
665:
434:
2523:
2289:
2037:
1960:
1913:
1877:
1847:
1826:
1518:
1503:
1262:
759:
708:
488:
390:
386:
290:
213:
188:
2441:
2265:
2170:
2130:
2066:
2022:
1414:
1393:
1378:
1324:
1231:
941:
744:
Atkinson, Charles M. (1990). "Franco of
Cologne on the Rhythm of Organum Purum".
598:
540:
275:
163:
2400:
2270:
2260:
2140:
2071:
2032:
2012:
1992:
1722:
1692:
1578:
1434:
1404:
1124:
787:
621:
605:
573:
270:
218:
33:
763:
539:
The composer who most notably followed Franco's treatise in his own music was
2569:
2206:
2105:
1972:
1940:
1796:
1717:
1363:
1241:
1224:
1042:
617:
524:, and the acceptance of the method may have had little to do with democracy.
496:
385:
and possibly a composer. He was one of the most influential theorists of the
137:
1543:
655:
653:
593:
2554:
2547:
2431:
2238:
2201:
2160:
2125:
2100:
2085:
1583:
1419:
1194:
969:
382:
285:
248:
238:
2426:
2421:
2216:
1588:
1533:
1439:
1287:
898:
650:
443:
96:
1495:
1047:
843:
604:—— (1998). "Franco of Cologne: Ars cantus mensurabilis". In
114:
2017:
1687:
1383:
1349:
1344:
109:
1311:
953:
928:
857:
771:
616:: The early Christian period and the Latin Middle Ages. Translated by
183:
2228:
2090:
1908:
1643:
1032:
794:. The Norton Introduction to Music History (1st ed.). New York:
492:
484:
243:
119:
1306:
923:
2390:
2310:
2233:
2196:
1679:
1469:
1449:
1424:
449:
311:
125:
2304:
2282:
2253:
2211:
1982:
1638:
1186:
1173:
1093:
1037:
814:
La notation des musiques polyphoniques aux XI–XIIIe siècles
527:
The consensus date of most medieval music theory scholars on the
480:
476:
420:
305:
263:
90:
2027:
1949:
1444:
521:
511:
453:
style, mentioned hearing a composition by Franco of
Cologne, a
866:
812:
M. Huglo: "La notation franconienne: antécédents et devenir",
389:, and was the first to propose an idea which was to transform
2299:
2223:
454:
428:
300:
543:, one of the most prominent composers of motets of the late
412:
2507:
692:
603:
571:
447:style against the new "dissolute and lascivious"
2567:
1109:
882:
348:
578:Franconis de Colonia Ars cantus mensurabilis
1759:
475:The topics covered in the treatise include
441:, a passionate defense of the 13th century
1116:
1102:
889:
875:
355:
341:
858:List of compositions by Franco of Cologne
743:
1750:
1654:List of Galician-Portuguese troubadours
862:Digital Image Archive of Medieval Music
713:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.10138
561:Amours mi font/En mai/Flos filius eius.
550:
2568:
823:
786:
690:
674:
659:
1097:
870:
16:German music theorist (13th-century)
1480:Other troubadours and trobairitz...
13:
1123:
838:Verlag Corpusmusicae, GmbH: 7–17.
737:
466:Franco's most famous work was his
415:chaplain and the preceptor of the
14:
2627:
851:
818:Cahiers de civilisation médiévale
397:, described most famously in his
2553:
2541:
2529:
2517:
2490:
2481:
2480:
1077:
1076:
952:
836:American Institute of Musicology
610:Source Readings in Music History
586:American Institute of Musicology
417:Knights Hospitallers of St. John
2596:German male classical composers
896:
375: mid to late 13th century
1:
2606:13th-century writers in Latin
2586:13th-century German composers
1475:William IX, Duke of Aquitaine
643:
820:, xxxi/2 (1988)) (In French)
730:UK public library membership
677:, "1. Biographical details".
437:, in his early 14th century
7:
2611:13th-century German writers
1146:List of musical instruments
582:Corpus mensurabilis musicae
565:
461:
10:
2632:
2591:German classical composers
796:W. W. Norton & Company
756:Cambridge University Press
684:
626:W. W. Norton & Company
572:Franco of Cologne (1974).
2462:
2414:
2383:
2320:
2189:
2118:
2059:
2008:Matheus de Sancto Johanne
2003:Johannes Symonis Hasprois
1938:
1934:
1860:
1814:
1779:
1746:
1677:
1673:
1664:
1649:Galician-Portuguese lyric
1594:Jehan le Cuvelier d'Arras
1509:Andrieu Contredit d'Arras
1494:
1343:
1285:
1281:
1272:
1154:
1131:
1056:
1025:
986:
961:
950:
906:
764:10.1017/S026112790000098X
2616:Medieval music theorists
2038:Antonio Zacara da Teramo
576:; Gilles, André (eds.).
2601:Medieval male composers
1564:Gillebert de Berneville
1141:List of music theorists
1000:Ars cantus mensurabilis
705:Oxford University Press
691:Hughes, Andrew (2001).
529:Ars cantus mensurabilis
469:Ars cantus mensurabilis
406:
400:Ars cantus mensurabilis
2581:German music theorists
1837:Gherardello da Firenze
1524:Le Chastelain de Couci
1317:Philippe le Chancelier
934:Philippe le Chancelier
2576:Ars antiqua composers
2146:Johannes de Garlandia
1460:Raimbaut de Vaqueiras
1014:De Mensurabili Musica
1008:Johannes de Garlandia
816:: Poitiers, 1986 (In
533:De mensurabili musica
505:Johannes de Garlandia
501:De mensurabili musica
74:Movements and schools
2467:Also music theorist*
2151:Johannes de Grocheio
1968:Conradus de Pistoria
1955:Philippus de Caserta
1904:Philippus de Caserta
1873:Antonello da Caserta
1822:Andreas de Florentia
1713:Guillaume de Machaut
1374:Bernart de Ventadorn
1359:Aimeric de Peguilhan
1302:Albertus Parisiensis
1252:Adam of Saint Victor
1212:Saint Martial school
1169:Notker the Stammerer
1061:Also music theorist*
919:Albertus Parisiensis
628:. pp. 116–135.
551:The Franconian Motet
2078:Contenance angloise
1868:Bartolino da Padova
1767:Marchetto da Padova
1698:Magister Franciscus
1574:Guillaume le Vinier
1569:Gontier de Soignies
1514:Audefroi le Bastart
1400:Folquet de Marselha
1257:Wulfstan the Cantor
1247:Hildegard of Bingen
1217:Adémar de Chabannes
1202:Fulbert of Chartres
1164:Abbey of Saint Gall
1156:Early (before 1150)
747:Early Music History
694:"Franco of Cologne"
531:is about 1250. The
395:Franconian notation
328:Renaissance music →
2406:Neo-Medieval music
2396:Medieval folk rock
2176:Berno of Reichenau
2156:Iacobus de Ispania
1998:Petrus de Goscalch
1899:Niccolò da Perugia
1894:Grazioso da Padova
1842:Lorenzo da Firenze
1802:Vincenzo da Rimini
1787:Giovanni da Cascia
1619:Other trouvères...
1604:Perrin d'Angicourt
1554:Gautier de Dargies
1529:Chrétien de Troyes
1465:Raimon de Miravalh
1455:Raimbaut d'Aurenga
700:Grove Music Online
2505:
2504:
2473:Renaissance music
2181:Aurelian of RĂ©Ă´me
2166:Johannes de Muris
2136:Franco of Cologne
2114:
2113:
2096:Arnold de Lantins
2055:
2054:
2051:
2050:
1978:Johannes Cuvelier
1930:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1889:Giovanni Mazzuoli
1884:Matteo da Perugia
1856:
1855:
1832:Francesco Landini
1810:
1809:
1792:Jacopo da Bologna
1775:
1774:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1737:
1729:Philippe de Vitry
1708:Jehan de Lescurel
1629:
1628:
1614:Raoul de Soissons
1559:Gautier d'Espinal
1549:Gautier de Coincy
1490:
1489:
1410:Giraut de Bornelh
1389:CerverĂ de Girona
1369:Arnaut de Mareuil
1339:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1297:Notre-Dame school
1207:Heriger of Lobbes
1136:List of composers
1091:
1090:
994:Franco of Cologne
977:Montpellier Codex
914:Notre-Dame school
827:Musica Disciplina
805:978-0-393-09090-1
728:(subscription or
722:978-1-56159-263-0
662:, "Introduction".
635:978-0-393-96695-4
425:Notre Dame school
368:Franco of Cologne
365:
364:
103:Notre-Dame school
2623:
2558:
2557:
2546:
2545:
2544:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2522:
2521:
2520:
2513:
2494:
2484:
2483:
2290:Liturgical drama
2057:
2056:
1964:
1961:Johannes Ciconia
1936:
1935:
1932:
1931:
1914:Zacara da Teramo
1878:Johannes Ciconia
1858:
1857:
1848:Paolo da Firenze
1827:Donato da Cascia
1812:
1811:
1777:
1776:
1757:
1756:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1732:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1666:Late (1300–1400)
1609:Philippe de RĂ©mi
1539:Conon de BĂ©thune
1519:Blondel de Nesle
1504:Adam de la Halle
1492:
1491:
1430:Peire d'Alvernha
1341:
1340:
1328:
1283:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1274:High (1150–1300)
1263:Wipo of Burgundy
1228:
1198:
1190:
1181:Stephen of Liège
1118:
1111:
1104:
1095:
1094:
1080:
1079:
956:
945:
891:
884:
877:
868:
867:
847:
809:
783:
733:
726:
696:
678:
672:
663:
657:
639:
597:
435:Jacques of Liège
391:musical notation
387:Late Middle Ages
376:
373:
357:
350:
343:
291:Liturgical drama
189:Adam de la Halle
21:
20:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2552:
2542:
2540:
2536:Classical music
2530:
2528:
2518:
2516:
2508:
2506:
2501:
2500:
2477:
2458:
2410:
2379:
2316:
2266:Gregorian chant
2185:
2171:Walter Odington
2131:Guido of Arezzo
2110:
2067:Johannes Alanus
2047:
2023:Jacob Senleches
1959:
1918:
1852:
1806:
1771:
1734:
1727:
1660:
1625:
1486:
1415:Guiraut Riquier
1394:Comtessa de Dia
1379:Bertran de Born
1347:
1331:
1325:Petrus de Cruce
1323:
1268:
1232:Notker Physicus
1223:
1193:
1185:
1150:
1127:
1122:
1092:
1087:
1086:
1073:
1052:
1021:
982:
957:
948:
942:Petrus de Cruce
940:
902:
895:
854:
806:
788:Hoppin, Richard
740:
738:Further reading
727:
723:
687:
682:
681:
673:
666:
658:
651:
646:
636:
606:McKinnon, James
574:Reaney, Gilbert
568:
553:
541:Petrus de Cruce
464:
439:Speculum musice
409:
381:) was a German
379:Franco of Paris
374:
361:
319:
318:
317:
276:Gregorian chant
233:
225:
224:
223:
153:
145:
144:
143:
75:
65:
64:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2629:
2619:
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2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2563:
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2550:
2538:
2526:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2488:
2470:
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2464:
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2460:
2459:
2457:
2456:
2455:
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2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2424:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2401:Medieval metal
2398:
2393:
2387:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2341:
2340:
2335:
2324:
2322:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2271:Pope Gregory I
2263:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2220:
2219:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2193:
2191:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2141:Johannes Cotto
2138:
2133:
2128:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2072:John Dunstaple
2069:
2063:
2061:
2053:
2052:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2033:Johannes Susay
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2013:Gacian Reyneau
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1993:Martinus Fabri
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1957:
1952:
1946:
1944:
1928:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1861:3rd generation
1854:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1818:
1816:
1815:2nd generation
1808:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1783:
1781:
1780:1st generation
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1763:
1761:
1754:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1725:
1723:Jehan Vaillant
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1693:Denis Le Grant
1690:
1685:
1683:
1668:
1662:
1661:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1621:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1599:Moniot d'Arras
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1579:Guiot de Dijon
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1500:
1498:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1483:
1482:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1435:Peire Cardenal
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1405:Gaucelm Faidit
1402:
1397:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1355:
1353:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1321:
1320:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1293:
1291:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1191:
1183:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1160:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1149:
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852:External links
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622:James McKinnon
618:Strunk, Oliver
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497:rhythmic modes
463:
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34:Medieval music
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2190:Musical forms
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2006:
2004:
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1973:Baude Cordier
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1941:Ars subtilior
1937:
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1797:Maestro Piero
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1718:P. des Molins
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1364:Arnaut Daniel
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1043:Rhythmic mode
1041:
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1015:
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1009:
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985:
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927:
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905:
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845:
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837:
833:
829:
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797:
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781:
777:
773:
769:
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761:
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753:
749:
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741:
731:
724:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
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695:
689:
688:
676:
671:
669:
661:
656:
654:
649:
637:
631:
627:
623:
620:. Revised by
619:
615:
611:
607:
602:
600:
595:
591:
587:
584:. Cambridge:
583:
579:
575:
570:
569:
563:
562:
558:
548:
546:
542:
537:
534:
530:
525:
523:
518:
515:acquired new
513:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
473:
471:
470:
459:
456:
452:
451:
446:
445:
440:
436:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
404:
402:
401:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
369:
358:
353:
351:
346:
344:
339:
338:
336:
335:
330:
329:
325:
324:
323:
322:
314:
313:
309:
307:
304:
302:
299:
297:
294:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
251:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
236:
229:
228:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
156:
152:Major figures
149:
148:
140:
139:
138:Ars subtilior
135:
133:
130:
128:
127:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
104:
101:
100:
99:
98:
94:
92:
89:
87:
86:Saint Martial
84:
82:
79:
78:
71:
70:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
45:
44:
43:
39:
38:
35:
32:
31:
27:
23:
22:
19:
2471:
2437:Architecture
2309:
2261:Geisslerlied
2239:Formes fixes
2161:Notker Labeo
2135:
2126:Anonymous IV
2101:Leonel Power
2086:Thomas Fabri
2076:
1939:
1760:Predecessors
1678:
1584:Jehan Bretel
1420:Jaufre Rudel
1286:
1195:Odo of Cluny
1066:
1065:
1012:
998:
993:
975:
970:Magnus Liber
968:
897:
831:
825:
817:
813:
791:
751:
745:
698:
624:. New York:
613:
612:. Vol.
609:
577:
560:
556:
554:
544:
538:
532:
528:
526:
516:
509:
500:
474:
467:
465:
448:
442:
438:
433:
410:
398:
394:
378:
367:
366:
326:
310:
271:Geisslerlied
249:Formes fixes
193:
136:
124:
95:
55: /
51: /
18:
2560:Middle Ages
2427:Middle Ages
2422:Early music
2384:Derivations
2217:Chansonnier
1589:Jehan Erart
1534:Colin Muset
1440:Peire Vidal
1288:Ars antiqua
899:Ars antiqua
675:Hughes 2001
660:Hughes 2001
545:ars antiqua
444:ars antiqua
232:Major forms
97:Ars antiqua
53:Instruments
2570:Categories
2452:Philosophy
2447:Literature
2415:Background
2321:Traditions
1688:F. Andrieu
1544:Gace Brulé
1384:Castelloza
1350:Trobairitz
1345:Troubadour
1237:St. Godric
703:. Oxford:
644:References
110:Troubadour
81:Saint Gall
2524:Biography
2365:Lithuania
2229:Conductus
2119:Theorists
2091:Roy Henry
2018:Rodericus
1909:Sant Omer
1644:Minnesang
1033:Conductus
987:Theorists
907:Composers
780:190766671
732:required)
599:volume 18
493:conductus
489:clausulae
485:polyphony
244:Conductus
219:Dunstaple
169:Hildegard
120:Minnesang
61:Theorists
49:Composers
2486:Category
2391:Bardcore
2370:Portugal
2338:Scotland
2311:Planctus
2295:Madrigal
2234:Estampie
2197:Antiphon
1752:Trecento
1680:Ars nova
1639:Goliards
1496:Trouvère
1470:Sordello
1450:Perdigon
1425:Marcabru
1082:Category
1068:Ars nova
1048:Trouvère
844:20531977
790:(1978).
758:: 1–26.
594:55555076
566:Editions
462:Writings
450:ars nova
312:Planctus
296:Madrigal
132:Trecento
126:Ars nova
115:Trouvère
40:Overview
26:a series
24:Part of
2510:Portals
2355:Germany
2333:England
2305:Organum
2283:Tydorel
2254:Virelai
2249:Rondeau
2244:Ballade
2212:Chanson
1988:Egidius
1983:Egardus
1703:Grimace
1634:Casella
1312:PĂ©rotin
1187:Hucbald
1174:Tuotilo
1038:Discant
1026:Related
962:Sources
929:PĂ©rotin
860:at the
685:Sources
608:(ed.).
557:triplum
522:knights
512:rhythms
481:discant
477:organum
421:Cologne
377:; also
306:Organum
264:Virelai
259:Rondeau
254:Ballade
214:Ciconia
209:Landini
204:Machaut
184:PĂ©rotin
179:Walther
174:Bernart
91:Goliard
2496:Portal
2442:Poetry
2350:France
2345:Cyprus
2060:Others
2043:Trebor
2028:Solage
1950:Borlet
1445:Peirol
1348:&
1307:LĂ©onin
924:LĂ©onin
842:
802:
778:
772:942439
770:
719:
632:
592:
517:shapes
194:Franco
159:Notker
57:Theory
2548:Music
2375:Spain
2360:Italy
2300:Motet
2224:Chant
2207:Carol
2202:Canso
840:JSTOR
776:S2CID
768:JSTOR
455:motet
429:Paris
413:papal
301:Motet
286:Lauda
239:Canso
199:Vitry
164:Guido
800:ISBN
717:ISBN
630:ISBN
590:OCLC
407:Life
2432:Art
2278:Lai
760:doi
709:doi
427:of
419:at
372:fl.
281:Lai
2572::
834:.
832:18
830:.
798:.
774:.
766:.
754:.
750:.
715:.
707:.
697:.
667:^
652:^
588:.
580:.
491:,
487:,
483:,
479:,
403:.
28:on
2512::
2476:→
1963:*
1880:*
1844:*
1731:*
1396:*
1352:*
1327:*
1265:?
1259:?
1227:*
1197:*
1189:*
1117:e
1110:t
1103:v
1071:→
944:*
890:e
883:t
876:v
846:.
808:.
782:.
762::
752:9
725:.
711::
638:.
614:2
596:.
370:(
356:e
349:t
342:v
63:)
59:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.