2082:
1705:
417:
2370:
44:
636:
869:
2133:
2494:
700:
Pickens was a member of the South
Carolina constitutional convention called in September 1865 shortly after the end of the Civil War. He was one of more than 100 representatives from around the state, many of them drawn from the cream of South Carolina society. During the convention, Pickens
684:
which was bringing supplies to
Anderson's beleaguered garrison. In a letter dated January 12, 1861, Pickens demanded of President Buchanan that he surrender Fort Sumter because "I regard that possession is not consistent with the dignity or safety of the State of South Carolina."
1077:
2649:
712:"We, the Delegates of the People of the State of South Carolina, in General Convention met, do Ordain: That the ordinance passed in convention, 20 December 1860, withdrawing this State from the Federal Union, be and the same is hereby repealed."
545:
Pickens was wealthy. According to the 1860 census, he owned $ 45,400 in real estate (the equivalent of approximately $ 1,247,000 today) and $ 244,206 in personal property (about $ 6,768,000 today). He also owned 276
2594:
2669:
2629:
589:
Pickens served in
Congress as a representative from South Carolina from 1834 until 1843. He was a member of the South Carolina state senate from 1844 until 1846. He was offered the position of
733:"It doesn't become South Carolina to vapor or swell or strut or brag or bluster or threat or swagger," Pickens said. " ... She bids us bind up her wounds and pour on the oil of peace."
671:, and offered to acquire the fort from the United States as part of an equitable settlement of the assets and debts of what Pickens considered to be now-dissolved federal union.
2624:
978:"South Carolina; Meeting of the Constitutional Convention, The Governor's Message Resolutions in Favor of Jeff. Davis, Contested Seats Beginning the Work of Reconstruction,
977:
944:
491:. His exact birth date varies depending on the source. Some give April 7, 1805; others give April 7, 1807. Pickens's gravestone uses the 1807 date. He was the son of former
884:
2604:
758:
1736:
1103:
719:: "The passage was received in silence – strikingly suggestive when one remembered with what dramatic applause the ordinance of secession was proclaimed passed."
2081:
2644:
2589:
1214:
2599:
1064:
2122:
2113:
1745:
2619:
1109:
839:
828:
778:
220:
1729:
2614:
416:
647:
Under his administration as
Governor of South Carolina (1860–1862), the state seceded and demanded the surrender of the Federal forts in
889:
2654:
692:. On December 9, 1862, Pickens quietly left the governorship and returned to his home in Edgefield, where he remained through the war.
1207:
2639:
1722:
457:
266:
2659:
2106:
1086:
209:
850:
2182:
1359:
74:
722:
The motion passed by a vote of 105–3 with the only dissenting votes coming from three delegates from the
Barnwell District:
2634:
1200:
2247:
2237:
1223:
949:
The Home of
Secession; Meeting of the Constitutional Convention; The Ordinance of Secession Repealed; September 19, 1865"
1142:
110:
17:
475:
garrison, and to the bombardment of the fort. After the war, Pickens introduced the motion to repeal South
Carolina's
2099:
928:
453:
1714:
575:
479:, a short speech received in silence, in notable contrast with the rejoicing that had first greeted the Ordinance.
449:
361:
271:
169:
2609:
578:
and served in the South
Carolina house of representatives from 1832 to 1834, where he was an ardent supporter of
488:
324:
1439:
1038:
594:
2384:
2317:
583:
1419:
559:
547:
496:
397:
2553:
2528:
1309:
1284:
1269:
750:
660:
2342:
2327:
2167:
1861:
1826:
1584:
1564:
1319:
1304:
1174:
764:
648:
535:
531:
433:
56:
2399:
2332:
1836:
1816:
1761:
1634:
1609:
1519:
1504:
1334:
1299:
737:
571:
492:
342:
2172:
1539:
1534:
1484:
1414:
1399:
1354:
1339:
1059:
817:
563:
688:
He also approved of the subsequent bombardment of Fort Sumter. He remained a fervent supporter of
2312:
2197:
1966:
1806:
1669:
1619:
1464:
1329:
523:
2518:
2456:
2207:
1961:
1906:
1589:
1559:
1549:
1494:
1394:
1364:
727:
702:
656:
652:
624:
476:
1015:
920:
The Works of James
Buchanan: Comprising His Speeches, State Papers, and Private Correspondence
918:
726:, J.J. Brabham and J.M. Whetstone. Pickens counseled against inaction, according to historian
2579:
2322:
2056:
1996:
1941:
1649:
1574:
1544:
1514:
1499:
1479:
1474:
1459:
1429:
1249:
620:, Pickens was Minister to Russia from 1858 to 1860, where he and his wife were befriended by
551:
393:
165:
874:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
2664:
2584:
2307:
2292:
2202:
1976:
1786:
1579:
1569:
1454:
1279:
1184:
605:
579:
512:
461:
103:
2650:
Democratic Party members of the United States House of
Representatives from South Carolina
511:. His mother was Susannah Smith Wilkinson. A cousin of his grandmother was South Carolina
471:
crisis, he sanctioned the decision to fire on a ship bringing supplies to the beleaguered
8:
2513:
2476:
2409:
2404:
2394:
2352:
2302:
2252:
2051:
2016:
1956:
1926:
1886:
1881:
1604:
1509:
1434:
1384:
500:
803:
Wakefield, Sherman D. (1976). "Pickens, Francis Wilkinson". In William D. Halsey (ed.).
2523:
2439:
2429:
2414:
2272:
2267:
2257:
2187:
2162:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1831:
1469:
1444:
1369:
1344:
1167:
1003:
986:
953:
772:
472:
91:
2091:
566:. He was admitted to the bar in 1829, the same year that he constructed "Edgewood," a
2508:
2481:
2471:
2466:
2424:
2222:
2152:
2001:
1991:
1951:
1921:
1911:
1896:
1801:
1776:
1771:
1644:
1599:
1409:
1135:
1072:
1034:
924:
527:
504:
145:
1744:
2548:
2419:
2389:
2357:
2347:
2192:
2011:
2006:
1756:
1659:
1614:
1594:
1524:
1489:
1404:
1349:
1274:
1259:
1254:
679:
613:
2282:
2262:
2212:
2157:
2031:
1931:
1866:
1821:
1629:
1529:
1424:
1379:
1374:
1289:
1264:
1239:
1095:
555:
519:
515:
441:
373:
245:
79:
2558:
2538:
2337:
2277:
2217:
2177:
2137:
2132:
2071:
1946:
1936:
1916:
1901:
1766:
1694:
1639:
1624:
1554:
1120:
705:. It was almost breathtakingly brief, according to proceedings recorded by the
617:
257:
215:
133:
1192:
2573:
2543:
2444:
2434:
2287:
2242:
2232:
2066:
2046:
2021:
1891:
1876:
1841:
1796:
1781:
1674:
1664:
1389:
1324:
1244:
1234:
1152:
880:
875:
689:
664:
597:
582:. As chairman of a sub-committee, he submitted a report denying the right of
539:
508:
445:
437:
432:(1805/1807 – January 25, 1869) was a politician who served as
157:
43:
2461:
2374:
2369:
2297:
2147:
2026:
1871:
1811:
1684:
1654:
1314:
1294:
1031:
South Carolina During Reconstruction, Francis Butler Simkins, 1933, page 38
723:
674:
On January 9, 1861, Governor Pickens sanctioned the firing upon the relief
635:
609:
2533:
2450:
2061:
1689:
668:
468:
893:. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 582.
840:
The South Carolina Encyclopedia Guide to the Governors of South Carolina
807:. Vol. 19. New York: Macmillan Educational Corporation. p. 26.
2595:
Democratic Party members of the South Carolina House of Representatives
2041:
2036:
1679:
601:
590:
388:
2670:
Members of the United States House of Representatives who owned slaves
905:
Allegiance: Fort Sumter, Charleston and the Beginning of the Civil War
604:, but declined these diplomatic posts. He served as a delegate to the
2630:
Nullifier Party members of the United States House of Representatives
1981:
1971:
675:
522:, Calhoun's wife and a niece of his grandfather. His son-in-law was
1986:
567:
1746:
Chairmen of the United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs
1029:
Simkins, Francis Butler; Woody, Robert Henley (September 1932).
2498:
2493:
550:. Pickens was educated at Franklin College (now a part of the
612:(1832–1899) on April 26, 1856, and in 1859 she gave birth to
975:
621:
1108:
1057:
219:
740:, and was buried at Willow Brook Cemetery in Edgefield.
2121:
760:
Correspondence and other papers relating to Fort Sumter
2625:
Ambassadors of the United States to the Russian Empire
659:, as is commonly reported. He protested against Major
1065:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
436:
when that state became the first to secede from the
651:harbor. He strongly advocated the secession of the
2605:People of South Carolina in the American Civil War
976:From Our Own Correspondent. (September 28, 1865).
487:Pickens was born in Togadoo, St Paul's Parish, in
2571:
639:Governor-elect Francis W. Pickens in 1860 (from
1222:
749:
916:
69:December 14, 1860 – December 17, 1862
2645:Confederate States of America state governors
2107:
1730:
1208:
1073:SCIway Biography of Francis Wilkinson Pickens
123:January 11, 1858 – September 9, 1860
2590:Democratic Party governors of South Carolina
1104:U.S. House of Representatives
1028:
2600:People from Colleton County, South Carolina
1110:South Carolina's 5th congressional district
2114:
2100:
1737:
1723:
1215:
1201:
1078:NGA Biography of Francis Wilkinson Pickens
777:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
600:, and the Minister to France by President
42:
1060:"Francis Wilkinson Pickens (id: P000321)"
802:
798:
796:
586:to exercise any control over the states.
456:of federal tariffs when he served in the
235:December 8, 1834 – March 3, 1843
210:U.S. House of Representatives
879:
862:
860:
858:
634:
482:
452:, Pickens became an ardent supporter of
1033:. Peter Smith Publisher, Incorporated.
655:but he did not sign the South Carolina
458:South Carolina House of Representatives
267:South Carolina House of Representatives
14:
2572:
793:
2620:University of South Carolina trustees
2095:
1718:
1196:
855:
630:
608:in 1850. Twice a widower, he married
336:
284:November 26, 1832 – November 24, 1834
182:November 25, 1844 – November 23, 1846
957:. South Carolina. September 20, 1865
2615:University of South Carolina alumni
2123:United States Ambassadors to Russia
24:
1143:United States Ambassador to Russia
743:
701:introduced a motion to repeal the
27:American politician (c. 1805–1869)
25:
2681:
2655:19th-century American politicians
1051:
2492:
2368:
2131:
2080:
1703:
867:
444:, he was born into the Southern
415:
111:United States Minister to Russia
2640:19th-century American diplomats
1022:
969:
489:Colleton County, South Carolina
325:Colleton County, South Carolina
937:
910:
897:
844:
833:
822:
811:
13:
1:
2660:19th-century American lawyers
1102:Member of the
1087:U.S. House of Representatives
786:
695:
467:As state governor during the
460:before he was elected to the
7:
2635:Nullifier Party politicians
1224:Governors of South Carolina
10:
2686:
1175:Governor of South Carolina
885:Pickens, Francis Wilkinson
765:Charleston, South Carolina
534:; grandson of congressman
532:William Butler (1790-1850)
518:. He was also a cousin of
434:governor of South Carolina
57:Governor of South Carolina
2490:
2366:
2129:
2078:
1752:
1701:
1230:
1181:
1172:
1164:
1159:
1149:
1140:
1132:
1127:
1117:
1100:
1092:
1085:
829:The Confederate Governors
738:Edgefield, South Carolina
526:General and U.S. Senator
430:Francis Wilkinson Pickens
423:
411:
403:
387:
379:
367:
357:
353:Edgefield, South Carolina
349:
343:Edgefield, South Carolina
331:
297:
292:
288:
277:
263:
251:
239:
228:
206:
196:
186:
175:
163:
151:
139:
127:
116:
109:
97:
85:
73:
62:
54:
50:
41:
36:Francis Wilkinson Pickens
34:
1058:United States Congress.
538:and a nephew of Senator
917:James Buchanan (1911).
890:Encyclopædia Britannica
530:, a son of congressman
202:Nathan Lipscomb Griffin
2610:South Carolina lawyers
818:Congressional BioGuide
805:Collier's Encyclopedia
728:Francis Butler Simkins
703:Ordinance of Secession
657:ordinance of secession
644:
560:South Carolina College
501:American Revolutionary
477:Ordinance of Secession
440:. A cousin of Senator
398:South Carolina College
982:, September 28, 1865"
638:
552:University of Georgia
483:Early life and career
166:South Carolina Senate
1185:Milledge Luke Bonham
851:Pickens's gravestone
610:Lucy Petway Holcombe
606:Nashville Convention
462:United States Senate
383:Lucy Petway Holcombe
339:(aged 61 or 63)
104:Milledge Luke Bonham
947:Charleston Courier,
497:Gen. Andrew Pickens
493:Gov. Andrew Pickens
2499:Russian Federation
1168:William Henry Gist
1160:Political offices
1014:has generic name (
987:The New York Times
954:The New York Times
707:Charleston Courier
645:
631:American Civil War
616:. Under President
495:and a grandson of
473:United States Army
448:. A member of the
407:lawyer, politician
92:William Henry Gist
18:Francis W. Pickens
2567:
2566:
2089:
2088:
1712:
1711:
1191:
1190:
1182:Succeeded by
1150:Succeeded by
1136:Thomas H. Seymour
1128:Diplomatic posts
1118:Succeeded by
903:David R. Detzer,
715:According to the
528:Matthew C. Butler
505:Battle of Cowpens
427:
426:
146:Thomas H. Seymour
16:(Redirected from
2677:
2497:
2496:
2373:
2372:
2136:
2135:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2093:
2092:
2084:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1716:
1715:
1707:
1706:
1217:
1210:
1203:
1194:
1193:
1165:Preceded by
1133:Preceded by
1112:
1093:Preceded by
1083:
1082:
1069:
1045:
1044:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1013:
1009:
1007:
999:
997:
995:
990:. South Carolina
973:
967:
966:
964:
962:
941:
935:
934:
914:
908:
901:
895:
894:
873:
871:
870:
864:
853:
848:
842:
837:
831:
826:
820:
815:
809:
808:
800:
782:
776:
768:
757:(January 1861).
751:Anderson, Robert
736:Pickens died in
680:Star of the West
663:'s removal from
614:Douschka Pickens
576:Democratic Party
574:. He joined the
509:U.S. Congressman
450:Democratic Party
419:
394:Franklin College
340:
338:
337:January 25, 1869
321:
319:
317:
310:
309:April 7, 1805 or
308:
306:
293:Personal details
282:
272:Edgefield County
254:
242:
233:
223:
212:
199:
192:John Speed Jeter
189:
180:
170:Edgefield County
154:
142:
130:
121:
100:
88:
67:
46:
32:
31:
21:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2674:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2563:
2501:
2491:
2486:
2377:
2367:
2362:
2140:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2090:
2085:
2076:
1748:
1743:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1226:
1221:
1187:
1178:
1170:
1155:
1146:
1138:
1123:
1114:
1106:
1098:
1096:George McDuffie
1054:
1049:
1048:
1041:
1027:
1023:
1011:
1010:
1001:
1000:
993:
991:
974:
970:
960:
958:
943:
942:
938:
931:
923:. p. 178.
915:
911:
902:
898:
883:, ed. (1911). "
868:
866:
865:
856:
849:
845:
838:
834:
827:
823:
816:
812:
801:
794:
789:
770:
769:
746:
744:Primary sources
698:
661:Robert Anderson
653:Southern states
641:Harper's Weekly
633:
556:Athens, Georgia
520:Floride Calhoun
516:John C. Calhoun
503:soldier at the
485:
442:John C. Calhoun
396:
369:
368:Other political
358:Political party
341:
335:
322:
315:
313:
312:
311:
304:
302:
301:
283:
278:
269:
265:
252:
246:George McDuffie
240:
234:
229:
213:
208:
197:
187:
181:
176:
152:
140:
128:
122:
117:
98:
86:
80:William Harllee
68:
63:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2683:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2505:
2503:
2502:(1991–present)
2488:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2381:
2379:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2290:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2144:
2142:
2138:Russian Empire
2127:
2126:
2119:
2118:
2111:
2104:
2096:
2087:
2086:
2079:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1742:
1741:
1734:
1727:
1719:
1710:
1709:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1520:Richardson III
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1220:
1219:
1212:
1205:
1197:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1180:
1171:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1148:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1121:Armistead Burt
1119:
1116:
1099:
1094:
1090:
1089:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1053:
1052:External links
1050:
1047:
1046:
1039:
1021:
980:New York Times
968:
936:
929:
909:
896:
881:Chisholm, Hugh
854:
843:
832:
821:
810:
791:
790:
788:
785:
784:
783:
745:
742:
717:New York Times
697:
694:
632:
629:
618:James Buchanan
593:to England by
536:William Butler
484:
481:
425:
424:
421:
420:
413:
409:
408:
405:
401:
400:
391:
385:
384:
381:
377:
376:
371:
365:
364:
359:
355:
354:
351:
347:
346:
333:
329:
328:
299:
295:
294:
290:
289:
286:
285:
275:
274:
264:Member of the
261:
260:
258:Armistead Burt
255:
249:
248:
243:
237:
236:
226:
225:
216:South Carolina
207:Member of the
204:
203:
200:
194:
193:
190:
184:
183:
173:
172:
164:Member of the
161:
160:
155:
149:
148:
143:
137:
136:
134:James Buchanan
131:
125:
124:
114:
113:
107:
106:
101:
95:
94:
89:
83:
82:
77:
71:
70:
60:
59:
52:
51:
48:
47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2682:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2575:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2495:
2489:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2365:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2134:
2128:
2124:
2117:
2112:
2110:
2105:
2103:
2098:
2097:
2094:
2083:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1740:
1735:
1733:
1728:
1726:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1400:Richardson II
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1300:J. Richardson
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1229:
1225:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1186:
1177:
1176:
1169:
1163:
1158:
1154:
1153:John Appleton
1145:
1144:
1137:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1113:
1111:
1105:
1097:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1042:
1036:
1032:
1025:
1017:
1012:|author=
1005:
989:
988:
983:
981:
972:
956:
955:
950:
948:
940:
932:
930:9781623767440
926:
922:
921:
913:
906:
900:
892:
891:
886:
882:
877:
876:public domain
863:
861:
859:
852:
847:
841:
836:
830:
825:
819:
814:
806:
799:
797:
792:
780:
774:
766:
762:
761:
756:
755:Pickens, F.W.
752:
748:
747:
741:
739:
734:
731:
729:
725:
720:
718:
713:
710:
708:
704:
693:
691:
690:states rights
686:
683:
681:
677:
672:
670:
666:
665:Fort Moultrie
662:
658:
654:
650:
642:
637:
628:
626:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
598:James K. Polk
596:
592:
587:
585:
581:
580:nullification
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
543:
541:
540:Andrew Butler
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
480:
478:
474:
470:
465:
463:
459:
455:
454:nullification
451:
447:
446:planter class
443:
439:
438:United States
435:
431:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
399:
395:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
375:
372:
366:
363:
360:
356:
352:
350:Resting place
348:
344:
334:
330:
326:
320:April 7, 1807
300:
296:
291:
287:
281:
276:
273:
268:
262:
259:
256:
250:
247:
244:
238:
232:
227:
222:
217:
211:
205:
201:
195:
191:
185:
179:
174:
171:
167:
162:
159:
158:John Appleton
156:
150:
147:
144:
138:
135:
132:
126:
120:
115:
112:
108:
105:
102:
96:
93:
90:
84:
81:
78:
76:
72:
66:
61:
58:
53:
49:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
2580:1800s births
2449:
2375:Soviet Union
2313:Breckinridge
2227:
2052:Ros-Lehtinen
1791:
1449:
1173:
1141:
1101:
1063:
1030:
1024:
992:. Retrieved
985:
979:
971:
959:. Retrieved
952:
946:
939:
919:
912:
904:
899:
888:
846:
835:
824:
813:
804:
759:
754:
735:
732:
724:A.P. Aldrich
721:
716:
714:
711:
706:
699:
687:
678:
673:
646:
640:
625:Alexander II
588:
544:
486:
466:
429:
428:
370:affiliations
279:
253:Succeeded by
230:
198:Succeeded by
177:
153:Succeeded by
129:Appointed by
118:
99:Succeeded by
64:
29:
2665:Fire-Eaters
2585:1869 deaths
2378:(1933–1991)
2141:(1780–1917)
1997:Chiperfield
1620:R. Williams
1565:Manning III
1485:Chamberlain
1370:J. Hamilton
1330:D. Williams
1310:C. Pinckney
1305:P. Hamilton
1290:E. Rutledge
1285:C. Pinckney
1280:Vanderhorst
1270:C. Pinckney
1265:T. Pinckney
1245:J. Rutledge
1235:J. Rutledge
669:Fort Sumter
524:Confederate
507:and former
469:Fort Sumter
241:Preceded by
188:Preceded by
141:Preceded by
87:Preceded by
2574:Categories
2395:Steinhardt
2198:Cambreleng
1967:McReynolds
1847:Crittenden
1827:Pennington
1817:McClernand
1450:F. Pickens
1430:J. Manning
1335:A. Pickens
1179:1860–1862
1147:1858–1860
1115:1834–1843
1040:0844614106
787:References
696:Later life
649:Charleston
602:John Tyler
404:Profession
389:Alma mater
362:Democratic
316:1807-04-07
305:1805-04-07
75:Lieutenant
2514:Pickering
2328:McCormick
2318:Hitchcock
2273:Stoughton
2208:Ingersoll
2168:Middleton
1962:Linthicum
1807:Ingersoll
1635:Timmerman
1610:Jefferies
1590:Blackwood
1540:McSweeney
1355:Manning I
1320:Middleton
1004:cite news
773:cite book
676:steamship
595:President
572:Edgefield
558:, and at
412:Signature
374:Nullifier
323:Togadoo,
280:In office
231:In office
178:In office
119:In office
65:In office
55:69th
2554:Sullivan
2549:Huntsman
2524:Vershbow
2457:Stoessel
2440:Thompson
2430:Thompson
2410:W. Smith
2405:Harriman
2400:Standley
2343:Rockhill
2303:C. Smith
2233:Appleton
2178:Buchanan
2173:Randolph
2163:Campbell
2027:Hamilton
2017:Zablocki
2002:Richards
1992:Richards
1942:C. Smith
1912:McCreary
1897:McCreary
1882:Williams
1832:Clingman
1812:T. Smith
1695:McMaster
1670:Campbell
1640:Hollings
1625:Thurmond
1615:Johnston
1595:Johnston
1585:Richards
1515:Sheppard
1510:Thompson
1420:Seabrook
1380:McDuffie
1275:Moultrie
1260:Moultrie
591:Minister
584:Congress
564:Columbia
224:district
2519:Collins
2509:Strauss
2482:Strauss
2477:Matlock
2472:Hartman
2385:Bullitt
2358:Francis
2293:Lothrop
2248:C. Clay
2243:Cameron
2238:C. Clay
2228:Pickens
2223:Seymour
2188:J. Clay
2183:Wilkins
2158:Pinkney
2022:Fascell
1927:Perkins
1922:Cousins
1892:Belmont
1837:Hopkins
1797:Cushing
1792:Pickens
1767:Everett
1762:Forsyth
1757:Russell
1685:Sanford
1675:Beasley
1660:Edwards
1645:Russell
1600:Maybank
1545:Heyward
1535:Ellerbe
1525:Tillman
1495:Simpson
1490:Hampton
1460:Magrath
1440:Allston
1415:Johnson
1405:Hammond
1395:Henagan
1345:Bennett
1315:Drayton
1295:Drayton
1255:Guerard
1250:Mathews
1240:Lowndes
994:May 18,
961:May 18,
878::
568:mansion
513:Senator
2539:McFaul
2534:Beyrle
2467:Watson
2435:Kohler
2425:Bohlen
2420:Kennan
2390:Davies
2338:Riddle
2278:Foster
2263:Jewell
2253:Curtin
2193:Dallas
2072:McCaul
2047:Berman
2042:Lantos
2032:Gilman
2012:Morgan
2007:Gordon
1957:Temple
1952:Porter
1937:Sulzer
1932:Foster
1907:Blount
1887:Curtin
1842:Corwin
1787:Howard
1772:Archer
1680:Hodges
1650:McNair
1630:Byrnes
1605:Harley
1580:McLeod
1575:Harvey
1570:Cooper
1555:Blease
1505:Hagood
1455:Bonham
1385:Butler
1365:Miller
1360:Taylor
1350:Wilson
1340:Geddes
1325:Alston
1107:from
1037:
927:
907:(2011)
872:
548:slaves
380:Spouse
345:, U.S.
327:, U.S.
2559:Tracy
2544:Tefft
2529:Burns
2353:Marye
2348:Guild
2333:Meyer
2323:Tower
2308:White
2268:Boker
2218:Brown
2213:Bagby
2153:Adams
2067:Meeks
2062:Engel
2057:Royce
1982:Bloom
1977:Eaton
1972:Bloom
1947:Flood
1872:Swann
1862:Myers
1857:Banks
1852:Davis
1822:Bayly
1802:Adams
1782:Mason
1777:Wayne
1690:Haley
1665:Riley
1560:Smith
1550:Ansel
1530:Evans
1500:Jeter
1480:Moses
1475:Scott
1465:Perry
1435:Adams
1425:Means
1410:Aiken
1390:Noble
1375:Hayne
554:) in
499:, an
270:from
214:from
168:from
2462:Toon
2451:Dubs
2445:Beam
2415:Kirk
2298:Tree
2288:Taft
2283:Hunt
2203:Todd
2148:Dana
2037:Hyde
1917:Hitt
1902:Hitt
1867:Orth
1655:West
1445:Gist
1035:ISBN
1016:help
996:2011
963:2011
925:ISBN
779:link
622:Czar
332:Died
298:Born
2258:Orr
1987:Kee
1877:Cox
1470:Orr
887:".
667:to
570:in
562:in
221:5th
218:'s
2576::
1062:.
1008::
1006:}}
1002:{{
984:.
951:.
857:^
795:^
775:}}
771:{{
763:.
753:;
730:.
709::
627:.
542:.
464:.
2115:e
2108:t
2101:v
1738:e
1731:t
1724:v
1216:e
1209:t
1202:v
1068:.
1043:.
1018:)
998:.
965:.
945:"
933:.
781:)
767:.
682:,
643:)
318:)
314:(
307:)
303:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
