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97:) in 1793. Haxo embraced the military early in his career. He finished the School of Artillery and Engineers of Chalons-sur-Marne in 1793 with the rank of Lieutenant Minor. Soon after, Haxo earned the rank of Captain of Engineers in the Army of the Rhine in 1794. In 1796, he attended
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of the nineteenth century given his work repairing and reinforcing various fortifications and citadels in the early 1800s. This work became necessary as a result of the development of more sophisticated artillery since the time of Vauban (1633–1707). For example, in
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and
Chaudanne, whose peaks were higher. However, in the early nineteenth century, guns improved and artillery shelling became possible. Haxo built a fort on each of the two hills to prevent the enemy seizing them and using them for artillery shelling.
160:'s army in Catalonia and Valencia. In 1810, he was promoted to Brigadier General and gained the title of baron in 1811. In the same year, he helped to prepare the occupied fortresses of Germany against a possible Russian invasion.
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in 1832 and presented him with the Grand Cross in 1833, as well as state counselor and member of the fortifications committee. During this time, Haxo voted against detached forts, instead supporting their continuous enclosure.
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that the best work of his career was accomplished. As
Inspector General he managed to reconstruct the old Vauban and Cormontaigne fortresses, which had failed during the invasions of 1814 and 1815.
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Subsequently, Haxo was regarded as the premier military engineer in Europe. He oversaw the fortifications of
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Soon after he was named Peer of France, the French intervention in
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in the late seventeenth century, guns did not have enough range to reach the
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Appointed
Inspector General of the Royal Weapon and Grand Officer of the
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491:. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 104.
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In 1801, he became a battalion commander following the capitulation of
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Haxo was part of the
Council of War called upon to judge General
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Mémoire sur le figure du terrain dans les cartes topographiques
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A 19th-century textbook illustration of a triple Haxo casemate.
65:. He is the nephew of revolution era General Nicolas Haxo of
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In 1807, Haxo was responsible for improving the defenses of
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Members of the
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152:then appointed him Colonel. Haxo took part in the
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298:During the later years of his life, Haxo wrote
309:General Haxo died in Paris on 25 June 1838.
561:Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe
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85:François-Nicolas-Benoît Haxo was born in
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