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606:. A massive mountain, 970 metres (3,180 ft), rising through the ice sheet 5 miles (8.0 km) southeast of Holme Bay and a like distance northeast of the north end of the Masson Range. Discovered in February 1931 by the BANZARE under Mawson, who named it after W. Henderson, Director of the Australian Department of External Affairs and a member of the Australian Antarctic Committee in 1929.
418:, where they found that the ice was about 500 to 600 metres (1,600 to 2,000 ft) thick, and flowed at a rate of 15 to 35 metres (49 to 115 ft) per year. The David and Masson ranges divide the ice flow in the Framnes Mountains into three outlet glacial streams, which cover an area of about 2,400 square kilometres (930 sq mi). They carry ice from the East Antarctic ice sheet into
1360:
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661:. A high broken chain of mountains, consisting primarily of North Masson, Central Masson, and South Masson Ranges, forming a part of the Framnes Mountains. Having several peaks over 1,000 metres (3,300 ft), the range extends in a north-south direction for 15 miles (24 km). Discovered and charted by the BANZARE, 1929–31, under Mawson, and named for Professor Sir
395:(EAIS) formed about 34 million years ago, and seems to have persisted since then with periodic fluctuations in thickness between glacial and inter-glacial cycles. During the last glacial cycle the ice sheet thickened more near the coast, less further inland. This is shown by the upper limit of glacial erratic boulders, ranging from 820 metres (2,690 ft) on
805:. A range 5 miles (8.0 km) west of Masson Range, which it parallels, in the Framnes Mountains. It extends 16 miles (26 km) in a north-northeast – south-southwest direction, with peaks rising to 1,500 meters. Discovered on 14 February 1931 by the BANZARE under Mawson, who named it for Professor Sir
438:
There are diverse biological communities in a series of deep epiglacial lakes in the
Framnes Mountains about 30 kilometres (19 mi) inland from Mawson Station. These lakes are covered by as much as 5 metres (16 ft) of permanent ice, so have no contact with the atmosphere. Their temperature
430:
The
Framnes Mountains contain perennially frozen freshwater glacial lakes, some over 100 metres (330 ft) deep. These are isolated from the surrounding ice sheet by moats of melt water and granular ice above the perennial ice. The perennial ice within the moat is slightly elevated above the
717:
comprising three main peaks standing 3 miles (4.8 km) south S of the South Masson Range in the
Framnes Mountains, Mac. Robertson Land. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37, and named Trillingnutane (the triplet peaks). Not:
951:. A jagged, razor-backed ridge and a few nunataks in a line extending north–south, standing 8 miles (13 km) west of David Range, in the Framnes Mountains. Discovered by the BANZARE, 1929–31, under Mawson, who named it for Rt. Hon.
906:
at the south end of the David Range, Framnes
Mountains. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition (1936–37) and named Sortindane (the southern peaks). Not: Brown Range, Gory Sørtindane.
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in the
Framnes Mountains. Mapped by Norwegian cartographers from air photos taken by the Lars Christensen Expedition, 1936–37, and named Hånuten (the shark peak). The translated form of the name recommended by ANCA has been adopted.
1408:
Mackintosh, Andrew; White, Duanne; Fink, David; Gore, Damian (June 2007), "Exposure ages from mountain dipsticks in Mac. Robertson Land, East
Antarctica, indicate little change in ice-sheet thickness since the Last Glacial Maximum",
847:. A small group of nunataks immediately north of Mount Twintop in the Framnes Mountains. Mapped from ANARE surveys of 1954–62. Named by ANCA for W.J. Butler, senior diesel mechanic at Mawson Station in 1967.
422:. Ice surface velocities of 21 metres (69 ft) per year have been measured in the ice stream to the east of the David Range, and 31 metres (102 ft) per year in the ice stream to the west.
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moat. In the summer months snow banks that formed in the winter on nearby rocky banks melt and feed streams that drain into the lake. With lakes like
Patterned Lake in the north end of the
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bedrock that is littered with light-coloured quartz-rich, granitic gneiss glacial erratics. The range is surrounded by, and largely covered by, an ice sheet. Only the peaks are visible.
237:
The
Framnes Mountains have elevations up to 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) above sea level, and rise up to 400 metres (1,300 ft) above the ice surface. They have dark, weathered
1429:
Mackintosh, Andrew N.; Verleyen, Elie; O'Brien, Philip E.; White, Duanne A. (15 September 2014), "Retreat history of the East
Antarctic Ice Sheet since the Last Glacial Maximum",
175:
1279:
Chambers, J.L.C.; Wilson, C.J.L.; Adamson, D.A. (1986), "A Crystallographic Study of the
Perennially Frozen Ice Surface of Patterned Lake, Framnes Mountains, East Antarctica",
72:
281:. These rocks were formed about 960 million years ago at a depth of about 20 kilometres (12 mi) as a molten mass within older metamorphosed sedimentary rocks.
407:, which is about 30 kilometres (19 mi) from the sea. The ice surface appears have lowered by several hundred meters during the present interglacial.
1512:
218:
1442:
Marmo, B. A.; Dawson, J. (1996), "Movement and structural features observed in ice masses, Framnes Mountains, Mac.Robertson Land, East Antarctica]",
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is an example, composed of rocks that were metamorphosed and deformed 1200 to 1000 million years ago. They include interlayered, metamorphosed
983:
states that the correct name is Sørtindane Peaks, not Brown Range. However, the Australian Antarctic Data Centre uses the name Brown Range.
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665:, a member of the Advisory Committee for this expedition as well as the AAE, 1911–14, under Mawson. First visited by an ANARE party led by
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124:
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1389:"Limnology of epiglacial lakes of the Framnes mountains, Antarctica: insights into a widespread but poorly studied lake type"
306:, but are not found more than about 250 metres (820 ft) above the present-day ice surface. Above this level the darker
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in the same season. The whole area was mapped in detail by Norwegian cartographers from aerial photographs taken by the
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Epiglacial lakes are formed at the grounded edge of glaciers and ice sheets, where glacial melt water renews the lake.
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bedrock is exposed. Probably the boulders were transported from the south and deposited by ice during the last
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is less than 0.2 °C (32.4 °F), they are slightly brackish and are oxygenated throughout. They are
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there does not seem to be any drainage on or below the surface, so water is lost only through evaporation.
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The three major ranges and other lesser features were sighted and named in February 1931 by the
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Programme and Abstracts of the Australian Society for Limnology 44th National Congress
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The charnockite contains regions up to 20 kilometres (12 mi) wide of the older
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in January 1937. This overall name for the several ranges was given by
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mat under the ice with a community of grazing animals that included
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The geology of the Framnes Mountains is very similar to that of the
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and Shark Peak. The central section from north to south holds the
756:. An isolated nunatak 3.5 miles (5.6 km) south-southwest of
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355:. Common minerals in the metamorphosed sedimentary rocks include
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ANARE conducted glaciological surveys in the late 1950s between
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British Australian and New Zealand Antarctic Research Expedition
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on the coast to the north of the Framnes Mountains for the
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content their biomass is low to moderate. One lake had a
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1:100,000 satellite image map of the Framnes Mountains
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1254:(2 ed.), United States Board on Geographic Names
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219:Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions
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209:. The first person to land in the area was Dr.
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261:broke up. The mountains are mostly formed of
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1287:(112), Cambridge University Press: 520–526,
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213:in February 1954. He chose the site for the
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467:. The dominant grazers in other lakes were
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1348:United States Department of the Interior
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1273:United States Board on Geographic Names
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1532:Mountain ranges of Mac. Robertson Land
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265:, a homogeneous brown rock similar to
1303:Framnes Mountains Satellite Image Map
403:, to 1,300 metres (4,300 ft) on
233:Northern and Central Massons from sea
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324:, one of which includes most of the
1537:Mac. Robertson Land geography stubs
1375:Geographic Names Information System
1339:Geographic Names Information System
1118:Chambers, Wilson & Adamson 1986
447:readings of 10.5 to 11.0. Based on
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1322:, Australian Antarctic Data Centre
1306:, Australian Antarctic Data Centre
1271:from websites or documents of the
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14:
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1248:Geographic Names of the Antarctic
981:Geographic Names of the Antarctic
902:. A group of peaks just south of
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522:The Framnes Mountains consist of
182:. This coast was also sighted by
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1363: This article incorporates
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1267: This article incorporates
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1380:United States Geological Survey
1344:United States Geological Survey
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851:Sørtindane Peaks or Brown Range
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253:in India, which lay beside the
1245:Alberts, Fred G., ed. (1995),
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60:1,490.9 m (4,891 ft)
1:
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399:near the sea in the north of
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1485:. You can help Knowledge by
562:is west of the David Range.
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16:Mountain range in Antarctica
7:
572:Mount Henderson (Holme Bay)
512:GPX (secondary coordinates)
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191:Lars Christensen Expedition
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1431:Quaternary Science Reviews
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294:cover the lower slopes of
287:boulders of light-colored
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1457:10.3189/S0260305500013689
1294:10.3189/S0022143000012235
621:in the North Masson Range
507:GPX (primary coordinates)
482:Map all coordinates using
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490:Download coordinates as:
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393:East Antarctic Ice Sheet
269:that mainly consists of
44:of the Framnes Mountains
1387:Gibson, J.A.E. (2004),
1106:Marmo & Dawson 1996
1481:location article is a
1365:public domain material
1269:public domain material
1094:Mackintosh et al. 2014
1082:Mackintosh et al. 2014
1070:Mackintosh et al. 2007
1058:Mackintosh et al. 2014
1003:Framnes Mountains AADC
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566:Mount Henderson massif
554:, Butler Nunataks and
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1281:Journal of Glaciology
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502:GPX (all coordinates)
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89:67.84889°S 62.68056°E
40:, looking toward the
1444:Annals of Glaciology
807:T.W. Edgeworth David
713:. A group of linear
433:Central Masson Range
1479:Mac. Robertson Land
1370:"Framnes Mountains"
1334:"Framnes Mountains"
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94:-67.84889; 62.68056
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334:North Masson Range
271:potassium feldspar
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50:Highest point
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1319:Framnes Mountains
939:67.783°S 62.200°E
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793:67.900°S 62.500°E
744:68.050°S 62.683°E
701:67.967°S 62.750°E
663:David Orme Masson
649:67.850°S 62.833°E
594:67.700°S 63.067°E
149:Framnes Mountains
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1487:expanding it
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1395:
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1351:. Retrieved
1337:
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1318:
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1302:
1284:
1280:
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1247:
1229:Alberts 1995
1224:
1217:Alberts 1995
1202:Alberts 1995
1197:
1190:Alberts 1995
1185:
1178:Alberts 1995
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1018:Framnes GNIS
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627:Masson Range
610:Masson Range
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528:Masson Range
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330:Painted Peak
316:
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255:Mawson Coast
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164:Mawson Coast
148:
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38:Welch Island
1130:Gibson 2004
942: /
917:Casey Range
911:Casey Range
893: /
868:Brown Range
838: /
796: /
771:David Range
765:David Range
747: /
704: /
652: /
597: /
560:Casey Range
556:Brown Range
552:David Range
536:Brown Range
532:David Range
524:Casey Range
461:tardigrades
449:chlorophyll
416:Casey Range
401:David Range
361:sillimanite
326:Casey Range
308:charnockite
300:David Range
263:charnockite
239:charnockite
211:Phillip Law
92: /
66:Coordinates
42:David Range
1526:Categories
1401:2023-11-26
1353:2012-04-06
1326:2023-11-26
1310:2023-11-18
1258:2023-11-07
991:References
722:Shark Peak
443:with high
379:Glaciation
357:cordierite
342:metapelite
225:Appearance
203:Sandefjord
98: (
79:62°40′50″E
76:67°50′56″S
669:in 1956.
457:nematodes
420:Holme Bay
397:Fang Peak
184:Norwegian
170:Discovery
153:Antarctic
113:Geography
56:Elevation
715:nunataks
542:massif,
475:Features
469:rotifers
465:copepods
414:and the
350:granitic
289:granitic
279:pyroxene
259:Gondwana
1437:: 10–30
1411:Geology
1238:Sources
930:62°12′E
927:67°47′S
881:62°24′E
878:68°08′S
826:62°24′E
823:68°03′S
784:62°30′E
781:67°54′S
735:62°41′E
732:68°03′S
692:62°45′E
689:67°58′S
640:62°50′E
637:67°51′S
585:63°04′E
582:67°42′S
373:biotite
332:in the
267:granite
257:before
245:Geology
187:whalers
855:": -->
558:. The
534:, and
369:garnet
365:spinel
353:gneiss
338:arkose
298:, the
292:gneiss
275:quartz
207:Norway
197:after
178:under
1477:This
1417:(6),
1392:(PDF)
1367:from
1252:(PDF)
959:Notes
441:basic
426:Lakes
36:from
1483:stub
857:edit
391:The
371:and
348:and
302:and
277:and
147:The
1452:doi
1435:100
1419:doi
1289:doi
546:,
497:KML
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102:)
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