20:
95:
1976:
54:, and homes. The basic idea is to capture a 'floating' panel within a sturdy frame, as opposed to techniques used in making a slab solid wood cabinet door or drawer front, the door is constructed of several solid wood pieces running in a vertical or horizontal direction with exposed endgrains. Usually, the panel is not glued to the frame but is left to 'float' within it so that seasonal movement of the wood comprising the panel does not distort the frame.
111:
wood panel to float, it can expand and contract without damaging the door. A typical panel would be cut to allow 1/4" (5 mm) between itself and the bottom of the groove in the frame. It is common to place some sort of elastic material in the groove between the edge of the panel and the frame before assembly. These items center the panel in the frame and absorb seasonal movement. A popular item for this purpose is a small rubber ball, known as a
1986:
1996:
197:. Cope and stick is the most common method, as it is more efficient to manufacture. Mortise and tenon is the strongest, and is often used for large doors which will have greater stresses imposed. Bridle joints are typically used in less formal work, as the exposed endgrain is considered unattractive; while butt joints, being weak, are only used on very small assemblies.
205:
If done correctly, the cope cut in the end of the rail will mate perfectly with the sticking profile. When glued together, the resulting joint will have sufficient strength for most cabinet door applications without further reinforcement. For extremely large and heavy doors, the cope and stick joint can be further reinforced with dowels, loose
228:
wood is not visible if the panel shrinks. The joints are glued and set into clamps. If the frame and panel items are paint grade they are sometimes nailed at the frame joints on the reverse side. The door then moves on to finish sanding where it is brought to its final thickness, and the outside profile is added if required.
204:
In modern cabinetry, the cope and stick joinery is achieved with a set of special router cutters. These cut the profile on the edge of the frame parts and also cut a reverse version of the same profile in the ends of the rail so that they may be slipped over the ends of the stiles and glued in place.
110:
made in the rear inside edge. Panels are made slightly smaller than the available space within the frame to provide room for movement. Wood will expand and contract across the grain, and a wide panel made of solid wood could change width by a half of an inch, warping the door frame. By allowing the
227:
The process of making raised panel doors begins with gluing up panels, and then moves into cutting and preparing the frame parts. Next, the panels are cut to size and shaped. Parts and panel are sanded before construction. It is also common to apply a finish to panels prior to assembly so that raw
215:
In mitred sticking, the profile (known as the sticking) is applied to the edges of both the rail and stile and then a section of the sticking at the ends of each stile is removed leaving a mitred edge which aligns to a similar mitre cut on the ends of the sticking on each rail. This traditional
200:
The stiles and rails often have a profile cut into the inside edge of the outside face - usually a smaller version to match the profile of the panel. In some panel styles, a profile may also be cut on the outside edge of the outside face.
130:
A flat panel has its visible face flush with the front of the groove in the frame. This gives the panel an inset appearance. This style of panel is commonly made from man-made materials such as
65:. A basic frame and panel item consists of a top rail, a bottom rail, two stiles, and a panel. This is a common method of constructing cabinet doors and these are often referred to as a
142:
planks. Panels made from MDF will be painted to hide their appearance, but panels of hardwood-veneer plywood will be stained and finished to match the solid wood rails and stiles.
57:
Frame and panel construction at its most basic consists of five members: the panel and the four members which make up the frame. The vertical members of the frame are called
219:
When applied moulding is to be used, the moulding is applied to the inside edge of the outer face of the frame after the frame and panel have been assembled.
1869:
145:
A raised panel has a profile cut into its edge so that the panel surface is flush with or proud of the frame. Some popular profiles are the
1859:
94:
72:
In larger panels it is common to divide the panel into one or more sections. To house the extra panels, dividing pieces known as
19:
212:
For the other methods of frame construction, the inside profile is created either by mitred sticking or by an applied moulding.
351:
1844:
1989:
1874:
1849:
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161:. Panels may be raised by a number of methods - the two most common in modern cabinetry are by coving on the
1999:
1201:
216:
method is more time-consuming to complete, hence the popularity of cope and stick for manufactured items.
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115:(a trademarked product). Some cabinet makers will also use small pieces of
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made in the inside edge of the frame members or housed in an edge
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16:
Wood construction in which a panel is enclosed in a rigid frame
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to allow for movement. The panels are usually either
1870:
International
Federation of Building and Wood Workers
2012:
181:Frames can be constructed by several methods:
345:
98:Panel styles in frame and panel construction
263:"Kitchen Cabinets: Door Styles of Cabinets"
352:
338:
165:or the use of a panel raising cutter in a
61:while the horizontal members are known as
23:Parts of a five-piece frame and panel door
1860:Building and Wood Workers' International
138:but may also be made from solid wood or
2013:
38:technique often used in the making of
333:
1995:
310:"Kitchen Remodelling And Renovation"
46:, and other decorative features for
1985:
1845:American Association of Woodturners
286:
222:
13:
102:The panel is either captured in a
93:
18:
14:
2037:
1875:National Wood Carvers Association
1994:
1984:
1975:
1974:
1850:Architectural Woodwork Institute
359:
1855:British Woodworking Federation
302:
280:
255:
1:
1865:Caricature Carvers of America
248:
209:, or by some other method.
7:
231:
10:
2042:
30:construction, also called
1970:
1944:
1893:
1880:Society of Wood Engravers
1837:
1751:
1701:
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1523:
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1298:
1240:
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993:
664:
583:
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367:
89:
176:
86:are added to the frame.
1957:Frameless construction
1038:Wood-plastic composite
99:
24:
97:
22:
1885:Timber Framers Guild
739:Australian Blackwood
267:cabinets-q-and-a.com
1605:Hammer-headed tenon
1124:Janka hardness test
243:Cabinet (furniture)
466:Japanese carpentry
100:
25:
2008:
2007:
1962:Green woodworking
1819:Wood preservation
1747:
1746:
1650:Tongue and groove
1630:Mortise and tenon
1519:
1518:
1217:Warrington hammer
1046:
1045:
734:African Blackwood
526:Segmented turning
187:mortise and tenon
140:tongue and groove
2033:
1998:
1997:
1988:
1987:
1978:
1977:
1528:
1527:
1197:Thickness planer
1057:
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851:(lime, basswood)
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441:Chainsaw carving
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223:Assembly process
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1952:Frame and panel
1940:
1889:
1833:
1743:
1702:Surface piecing
1697:
1654:
1575:Crown of thorns
1515:
1501:Smoothing plane
1407:
1294:
1236:
1139:Milling machine
1042:
1003:Cross-laminated
989:
660:
570:
541:Spindle turning
531:Shingle weaving
501:Pallet crafting
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287:Micahel, Jeff.
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171:spindle moulder
92:
67:five piece door
28:Frame and panel
17:
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1496:Shoulder plane
1493:
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1468:
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1461:Japanese plane
1458:
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1451:Grooving plane
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1265:Flooring clamp
1262:
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1229:
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1222:Winding sticks
1219:
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1202:Timber-framing
1199:
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1028:Particle board
1025:
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1008:Glue laminated
1005:
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558:
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546:Timber framing
543:
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516:Relief carving
513:
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483:
478:
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416:Bush carpentry
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382:
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289:"Wooden doors"
279:
253:
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247:
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238:Cabinet making
233:
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224:
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193:, or a simple
183:cope and stick
178:
175:
91:
88:
32:rail and stile
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2038:
2027:
2026:Wallcoverings
2024:
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1901:Chainsaw mill
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1466:Jointer plane
1464:
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1436:Compass plane
1434:
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1431:Chamfer plane
1429:
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1424:
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1421:Bedrock plane
1419:
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1207:Veneer hammer
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1119:Impact driver
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1769:Heat bending
1714:Edge banding
1486:Router plane
1481:Rebate plane
1441:Finger plane
1172:
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844:Lignum vitae
602:
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561:Wood carving
536:Shipbuilding
521:Root carving
481:Log building
446:Chip carving
326:
313:. Retrieved
304:
292:. Retrieved
282:
270:. Retrieved
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191:bridle joint
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2021:Woodworking
1990:WikiProject
1936:Rift sawing
1926:Flat sawing
1814:Wood drying
1491:Scrub plane
1476:Razee plane
1426:Block plane
1280:Mitre clamp
1227:Wood scribe
1178:Combination
920:Purpleheart
616:Douglas fir
566:Woodturning
399:Occupations
361:Woodworking
294:12 December
167:wood router
44:wainscoting
36:woodworking
2015:Categories
1945:Techniques
1894:Conversion
1824:Wood stain
1752:Treatments
1540:Birdsmouth
1506:Spokeshave
1456:Jack plane
1446:Fore plane
1285:Pipe clamp
1250:Band clamp
1174:Carpenters
995:Engineered
945:Rubberwood
794:Eucalyptus
598:Calocedrus
511:Pyrography
476:Kohlrosing
249:References
195:butt joint
78:mid stiles
1734:Parquetry
1729:Oystering
1724:Marquetry
1565:Butterfly
1232:Workbench
1164:Sandpaper
1144:Mitre box
1089:Drawknife
1079:Burnisher
1064:Abrasives
1013:Hardboard
674:Afromosia
556:Whittling
506:Parquetry
491:Marquetry
436:Certosina
431:Carpentry
421:Cabinetry
368:Overviews
113:spaceball
74:mid rails
52:furniture
1980:Category
1759:Adhesive
1739:Purfling
1719:Intarsia
1660:Profiles
1585:Dovetail
1524:Geometry
1363:Hand saw
1348:Crosscut
1333:Circular
1328:Chainsaw
1275:Holdfast
940:Rosewood
872:American
867:Mahogany
839:Jelutong
809:Hornbeam
774:Cocobolo
769:Chestnut
684:Andiroba
496:Millwork
461:Intarsia
456:Fretwork
451:Ébéniste
380:Glossary
232:See also
163:tablesaw
48:cabinets
2000:Commons
1916:Whipsaw
1911:Sawmill
1804:Varnish
1799:Thermal
1774:Lacquer
1709:Binding
1678:Chamfer
1545:Biscuit
1511:Surform
1403:Whipsaw
1373:Keyhole
1358:Fretsaw
1338:Compass
1323:Bucksaw
1313:Bandsaw
1308:Backsaw
1290:Sawbuck
1260:F-clamp
1255:C-clamp
1129:Jointer
1033:Plywood
985:Zebrano
925:Ovankol
890:Meranti
878:African
849:Linden
804:Hickory
759:Cedrela
754:Camphor
749:Bubinga
744:Boxwood
724:Bilinga
709:Avodire
626:Juniper
611:Cypress
486:Luthier
375:History
272:9 April
151:chamfer
136:plywood
83:muntins
34:, is a
1906:Hewing
1645:Splice
1600:Halved
1595:Groove
1590:Finger
1570:Coping
1555:Bridle
1532:Joints
1413:Planes
1398:Veneer
1388:Scroll
1383:Ripsaw
1368:Jigsaw
1343:Coping
1242:Clamps
1169:Square
1159:Shaper
1154:Router
1134:Mallet
1109:Gimlet
1084:Chisel
980:Willow
970:Walnut
960:Totara
950:Sapele
915:Poplar
900:Padauk
862:Merbau
834:Jarrah
819:Imbuia
814:Idigbo
779:Cumaru
764:Cherry
689:Anigre
651:Spruce
604:Cedrus
471:Khatam
426:Caning
389:lumber
315:12 May
207:tenons
153:, and
125:raised
108:rabbet
104:groove
90:Panels
59:stiles
1784:Paint
1693:Ovolo
1688:Ogive
1673:Bevel
1640:Scarf
1625:Miter
1393:Table
1378:Miter
1353:Frame
1270:Gripe
1186:Speed
1182:Miter
1114:Gauge
1104:Float
1099:Fence
1094:Drill
1052:Tools
975:Wenge
965:Utile
930:Ramin
885:Maple
857:Lovoa
829:Iroko
799:Hazel
784:Ebony
729:Birch
719:Beech
714:Balsa
704:Aspen
699:Apple
679:Alder
636:Kauri
631:Larch
593:Cedar
576:Woods
551:Treen
177:Frame
155:scoop
63:rails
40:doors
1683:Ogee
1668:Bead
1610:Knee
1580:Dado
1560:Butt
1300:Saws
1212:Vise
1149:Rasp
1074:Adze
955:Teak
910:Plum
905:Pear
666:Hard
646:Rimu
641:Pine
585:Soft
385:Wood
317:2015
296:2022
274:2018
159:cove
147:ogee
121:flat
117:cork
76:and
1809:Wax
1779:Oil
1615:Lap
1550:Box
1318:Bow
1190:Try
1069:Axe
1023:OSB
1018:MDF
895:Oak
824:Ipê
789:Elm
694:Ash
656:Yew
621:Fir
169:or
157:or
134:or
132:MDF
127:.
123:or
80:or
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