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generally leaves an exposed dowel protruding after glue dries, and the excess dowel head is thus usually flush cut. The advantages of the special dowel are documented in various media promoting the method, but one advantage that should not be overlooked is speed of assembly. The butt joint can often be joined temporarily and sometimes more accurately with simply glue, allowing faster set up than the usual tedious alignment procedures mentioned above. After the glue dries one or more Miller dowels are then used to reinforce the joint. Dowel trimming and sanding of the surface, followed by normal finishing then proceed in the usual manner. The blind alignment problems of floating dowels are virtually eliminated by the use of the Miller dowel. Not all projects are appropriate for the stepped dowel method if an exposed dowel end is not visually acceptable, however.
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558: in (6.4 mm) or so from the edge of the frame member. The second step is to drill a pilot hole concentric with the pocket hole which extends through the edge of the member. The pilot hole allows the screw to pass through the member and into the adjoining member. This two stage drilling operation may be performed with two different sized
448:, but the biscuit joiner is the most common. Accuracy is not as important in the creation of these mortises as the biscuit joint is designed to allow a bit of flexibility during glue up. The mortise must be located at the correct distance from the face of the joint in both members but the width of the mortise is not as critical.
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a hole in the frame or carcase member to conceal the head of the screw. This also allows more of the body of the screw to penetrate the adjacent member for greater traction. After the screw has been driven into the joint, the counterbore can be filled with an appropriately sized piece of dowel or a
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This produces a joint that is much stronger than a butt joint without reinforcement. The dowels offer some holding strength even after the glue has deteriorated. Over time, dowels may shrink and become loose. They take on an oval shape in section owing to the different rate at which wood moves with
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in which the end of a piece of material is simply placed (or “butted”) against another piece. The butt joint is the simplest joint. An unreinforced butt joint is also the weakest joint, as it provides a limited surface area for gluing and lacks any mechanical interlocking to resist external forces.
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The cam post is screwed into a predrilled hole in the face of one piece, such that the post head and barrel section protrude. The cam lock is placed in a cylindrical well near the edge of a second piece, which has a predrilled hole extending from the side of the well to the edge of the piece. With
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thickness of the two adjacent members must be taken into consideration. For example: when constructing a four-sided box made from 19 mm thick material that is to be of finished size 600 mm × 600 mm, two of the members will be docked at 600 mm and the other two will be docked at
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There are also commercial systems available for screwed butt joints in which a plastic cap is provided with the screw to be fixed to the head of the screw after it has been driven home. Counterbores are not required for these fasteners. This system is more common with manufactured board products.
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This is the most common form of the butt joint in building construction. Members are brought together and a number of nails are driven in to hold them in place. The technique of skew-nailing is applied so that nails are not parallel to each other and so resist the pulling apart of the joint. This
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A variation of the dowel method for reinforcement is the use of a Miller dowel in place of the usual straight cylindrical dowel. The Miller dowel is a stepped dowel and is drilled with a special stepped drill bit. It is drilled from the outside face of the frame piece to be joined and therefore
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The T-butt joint is a very simple joint to construct. Members are simply docked (cut off) at a right angle and at the required length. One member will be shorter than the finished size by the thickness of the adjacent member. For enclosed constructions, such as four-sided frames or boxes, the
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uses one or more screws inserted after the joint has been brought together. The screws are usually inserted into an edge on the long grain side of one member and extend through the joint into the end grain of the adjacent member. For this reason, long screws are required (usually 3 times the
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has been a very common method of reinforcing butt joints in furniture for years. They are common in both frame and carcase construction. Dowel joints are popular in chairs, cabinets, panels and tabletops. They are also used to assist with alignment during glue up.
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the cam aligned to allow insertion of the post head, the two pieces are brought together, such that the post head rests inside the cam. The cam is then rotated with a screwdriver, capturing the post head, and pulling and locking the pieces together.
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When the mortises have been cut, the biscuit is inserted with some glue and the joint is brought together, aligned and clamped. The biscuit absorbs some moisture from the glue and swells up in the mortise, creating a tightly fitting joint.
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which aids in accurate hole placement — accuracy is paramount in this technique to ensure members line up perfectly in the completed joint. The holes are drilled such that there are corresponding holes in each member into which short
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drilled in the rear face of one of the joint members. The screws extend into cross grain in the adjacent member, so much shorter screws can be used. This method is preferred when the edges of the frame will be visible.
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The pocket holes require two drilling operations to be completed. The first is to counterbore the pocket hole itself, which houses the screw head within the member. This hole is stopped
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The technique consists of cutting the members to size and then drilling a series of holes in the joint surface of each member. Holes are often drilled with the assistance of a
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shaped piece of specially dried and compressed wood, usually beech, which is installed in matching mortises in both members of the joint in a similar fashion to a loose or
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There are several types of butt joint based on the orientation of the pieces being joined. These include the T-butt, end-to-end butt, Miter butt and edge-to-edge butt.
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Biscuits are available in a range of sizes for different purposes. It is also common to use more than one biscuit side by side in a joint when members are thick.
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The screwed butt joint is common in both frame and carcase joinery. Modular kitchens make regular use of this fixing method.
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is a fairly recent innovation in butt joint construction. It is used primarily in carcase and frame construction. The
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thickness of the member) to ensure good traction. These joints may also be glued although it is not necessary.
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bits available to perform the operation in a single pass. The drilling operation is often facilitated by a
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To overcome their inherent weakness, butt joints are usually reinforced by one of the following methods:
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are used. The butt joint is widely used in many applications due to its simplicity, notably in rough
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is best for this job. When working with sheet goods, there is no distinction between crosscut and
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is usually required. There are other methods of cutting the slot, such as a slot cutter bit in a
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are inserted with some glue. The joint is brought together and clamped until the glue has dried.
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which allows the user to drill the pocket hole at the correct angle and to the correct depth.
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Cabinet carcase construction (e.g. carcase sides to top and bottom, fixed shelving/partitions)
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Nonetheless, it generally provides sufficient strength in most cases, particularly when
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This article is about butt joints in woodworking. For butt joints in metalworking, see
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This is a variation of the screwed butt joint in which the screws are inserted into
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In solid timber, docking of members for a butt joint is usually a crosscut, so a
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Frame joinery (e.g. face frames, web frames, table legs to aprons, chair legs)
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Reinforced butt joints may require additional steps which are detailed below.
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The joint members can be docked by any of the following methods:
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687:"How Strong is a Dowel Joint? - Canadian Woodworking Magazine"
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Frame joinery (e.g. face frames, web frames, door frames)
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Frame joinery (e.g. face frames, web frames, door frames)
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form of butt joint is rarely used in furniture making.
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International
Federation of Building and Wood Workers
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56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
741:- DIY advice on choosing and creating butt joints.
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663:"Woodwork - Butt Joint information and Pictures"
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338:Basic or temporary box/cabinet/frame making
198:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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218:Learn how and when to remove this message
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
2275:Building and Wood Workers' International
601:Patent diagram of a cam fastening system
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491:In solid timber work it is common to
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2260:American Association of Woodturners
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522:Butt joint with pocket hole screws
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711:"What are cam or locking screws?"
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471:Attaching face frames to cabinets
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330:framing in building construction
236:600 mm − 19 mm − 19 mm = 562 mm.
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417:A biscuit reinforced butt joint
300:Table saw using a mitre gauge,
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641:piece to the face of another.
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400:Panel assembly (for alignment)
383:different orientations of the
304:, or sliding table attachment.
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423:biscuit reinforced butt joint
409:Biscuit reinforced butt joint
354:A dowel reinforced butt joint
562:, however there are special
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691:www.canadianwoodworking.com
360:dowel reinforced butt joint
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739:Creating Butt Joints
192:improve this section
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2020:Hammer-headed tenon
1539:Janka hardness test
617:. It consists of a
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611:knock-down fastener
528:Pocket-hole joinery
258:Carcase butt joints
881:Japanese carpentry
613:often employed in
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2316:Chainsaw mill
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2253:Organizations
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2209:Steam bending
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2197:
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2179:French polish
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2050:Rabbet/Rebate
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2035:Mason's mitre
2033:
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1881:Jointer plane
1879:
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1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1851:Compass plane
1849:
1847:
1846:Chamfer plane
1844:
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1836:Bedrock plane
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1622:Veneer hammer
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1534:Impact driver
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826:Bow and arrow
824:
822:
821:Boat building
819:
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608:
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585:Cam fasteners
579:
576:
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574:
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569:
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561:
546:
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380:
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372:dowelling jig
368:
365:
361:
352:
341:woodwork toys
340:
337:
335:
331:
328:
327:
326:
323:
314:
303:
302:crosscut sled
299:
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182:
177:This section
175:
171:
166:
165:
157:
155:
151:
146:
143:
139:
130:
120:
117:
109:
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
2184:Heat bending
2129:Edge banding
1974:
1901:Router plane
1896:Rebate plane
1856:Finger plane
1587:
1291:
1285:
1265:
1259:Lignum vitae
1017:
1011:
976:Wood carving
951:Shipbuilding
936:Root carving
896:Log building
861:Chip carving
718:. Retrieved
714:
705:
694:. Retrieved
690:
681:
670:. Retrieved
666:
657:
643:
634:
633:, or simply
630:
626:
622:
618:
607:cam fastener
606:
604:
572:
563:
547:
542:pocket holes
541:
539:
509:
506:
502:
490:
484:
482:
457:
454:
450:
439:
426:
422:
420:
403:
389:
381:
369:
363:
359:
357:
324:
320:
312:
273:straightedge
269:Circular saw
264:Crosscut saw
253:
245:crosscut saw
242:
239:
232:
229:
214:
208:October 2021
205:
190:Please help
178:
147:
137:
135:
112:
106:October 2021
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
65:"Butt joint"
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
21:butt welding
2405:WikiProject
2351:Rift sawing
2341:Flat sawing
2229:Wood drying
1906:Scrub plane
1891:Razee plane
1841:Block plane
1695:Mitre clamp
1642:Wood scribe
1593:Combination
1335:Purpleheart
1031:Douglas fir
981:Woodturning
814:Occupations
776:Woodworking
498:plug cutter
493:counterbore
364:dowel joint
2360:Techniques
2309:Conversion
2239:Wood stain
2167:Treatments
1955:Birdsmouth
1921:Spokeshave
1871:Jack plane
1861:Fore plane
1700:Pipe clamp
1665:Band clamp
1589:Carpenters
1410:Engineered
1360:Rubberwood
1209:Eucalyptus
1013:Calocedrus
926:Pyrography
891:Kohlrosing
696:2018-08-06
672:2016-06-16
649:References
573:Used for:
560:drill bits
510:Used for:
458:Used for:
390:Used for:
362:or simply
332:, such as
325:Used for:
142:wood joint
138:butt joint
132:Butt joint
76:newspapers
2149:Parquetry
2144:Oystering
2139:Marquetry
1980:Butterfly
1647:Workbench
1579:Sandpaper
1559:Mitre box
1504:Drawknife
1494:Burnisher
1479:Abrasives
1428:Hardboard
1089:Afromosia
971:Whittling
921:Parquetry
906:Marquetry
851:Certosina
846:Carpentry
836:Cabinetry
783:Overviews
623:cam dowel
296:Miter saw
289:Crosscut
278:Table saw
179:does not
154:carpentry
150:fasteners
2430:Category
2395:Category
2174:Adhesive
2154:Purfling
2134:Intarsia
2075:Profiles
2000:Dovetail
1939:Geometry
1778:Hand saw
1763:Crosscut
1748:Circular
1743:Chainsaw
1690:Holdfast
1355:Rosewood
1287:American
1282:Mahogany
1254:Jelutong
1224:Hornbeam
1189:Cocobolo
1184:Chestnut
1099:Andiroba
911:Millwork
876:Intarsia
871:Fretwork
866:Ébéniste
795:Glossary
627:cam lock
619:cam post
2436:Joinery
2415:Commons
2331:Whipsaw
2326:Sawmill
2219:Varnish
2214:Thermal
2189:Lacquer
2124:Binding
2093:Chamfer
1960:Biscuit
1926:Surform
1818:Whipsaw
1788:Keyhole
1773:Fretsaw
1753:Compass
1738:Bucksaw
1728:Bandsaw
1723:Backsaw
1705:Sawbuck
1675:F-clamp
1670:C-clamp
1544:Jointer
1448:Plywood
1400:Zebrano
1340:Ovankol
1305:Meranti
1293:African
1264:Linden
1219:Hickory
1174:Cedrela
1169:Camphor
1164:Bubinga
1159:Boxwood
1139:Bilinga
1124:Avodire
1041:Juniper
1026:Cypress
901:Luthier
790:History
720:15 June
631:cam nut
564:stepped
553:⁄
427:biscuit
291:backsaw
249:rip cut
200:removed
185:sources
160:Methods
90:scholar
2321:Hewing
2060:Splice
2015:Halved
2010:Groove
2005:Finger
1985:Coping
1970:Bridle
1947:Joints
1828:Planes
1813:Veneer
1803:Scroll
1798:Ripsaw
1783:Jigsaw
1758:Coping
1657:Clamps
1584:Square
1574:Shaper
1569:Router
1549:Mallet
1524:Gimlet
1499:Chisel
1395:Willow
1385:Walnut
1375:Totara
1365:Sapele
1330:Poplar
1315:Padauk
1277:Merbau
1249:Jarrah
1234:Imbuia
1229:Idigbo
1194:Cumaru
1179:Cherry
1104:Anigre
1066:Spruce
1019:Cedrus
886:Khatam
841:Caning
804:lumber
474:Bottom
446:router
429:is an
377:dowels
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
2199:Paint
2108:Ovolo
2103:Ogive
2088:Bevel
2055:Scarf
2040:Miter
1808:Table
1793:Miter
1768:Frame
1685:Gripe
1601:Speed
1597:Miter
1529:Gauge
1519:Float
1514:Fence
1509:Drill
1467:Tools
1390:Wenge
1380:Utile
1345:Ramin
1300:Maple
1272:Lovoa
1244:Iroko
1214:Hazel
1199:Ebony
1144:Birch
1134:Beech
1129:Balsa
1119:Aspen
1114:Apple
1094:Alder
1051:Kauri
1046:Larch
1008:Cedar
991:Woods
966:Treen
385:grain
140:is a
97:JSTOR
83:books
2098:Ogee
2083:Bead
2025:Knee
1995:Dado
1975:Butt
1715:Saws
1627:Vise
1564:Rasp
1489:Adze
1370:Teak
1325:Plum
1320:Pear
1081:Hard
1061:Rimu
1056:Pine
1000:Soft
800:Wood
722:2021
629:(or
621:(or
483:The
431:oval
421:The
358:The
271:and
183:any
181:cite
69:news
2224:Wax
2194:Oil
2030:Lap
1965:Box
1733:Bow
1605:Try
1484:Axe
1438:OSB
1433:MDF
1310:Oak
1239:Ipê
1204:Elm
1109:Ash
1071:Yew
1036:Fir
635:cam
194:by
52:by
2432::
1603:,
1599:,
1595:,
1591:,
1290:,
1016:,
713:.
689:.
665:.
605:A
500:.
251:.
136:A
1608:)
1586:(
1296:)
1284:(
1022:)
1010:(
806:)
802:(
768:e
761:t
754:v
724:.
699:.
675:.
555:4
551:1
221:)
215:(
210:)
206:(
202:.
188:.
119:)
113:(
108:)
104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
46:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
