98:
289:: A small rod is used internal to a joint both to help align and to strengthen the joint. Traditional joints such as butt joints are used with natural timbers as they do not need materials other than the timber itself. Dowel joints are also useful for pegging together weaker, cheaper composite materials such as laminate-faced chipboard, and where limited woodworking tools are available (since only simple drilled holes are needed to take the dowels). The wood species of a dowel may be different from the overall piece to balance strength with cost, and some joinery may leave a dowel end visible as part of the piece's design.
931:
1387:
390:
437:
39:
513:
704:
27:
555:
373:
656:
622:
3206:
278:
458:
593:
752:
154:
not take this into account. The result is a masterful work that may suffer from broken bracket feet, which was often attached with a glued block, which ran perpendicular to the base pieces. The glue blocks were fastened with both glue and nails, resulting in unequal expansion and contraction between the pieces. This was also the cause of splitting of wide boards, which were commonly available and used during that period.
639:
3216:
294:
996:
721:
412:
3226:
479:
224:
530:
355:
496:
572:
113:, European, and Japanese traditions. Because of the physical existence of Indian and Egyptian examples, we know that furniture from the first several dynasties show the use of complex joints, like the Dovetail, over 5,000 years ago. This tradition continued to other later Western styles. The 18th-century writer
158:
general respiration rate; a generally-assumed time length for acclimating a board to its locale is 1 year per inch of thickness. In preparing raw wood for eventual usage as furniture or structures, one must account for uneven respiration and changes in the wood's dimensions, as well as cracking or checking.
153:
This must be taken into account when joining wood parts together, otherwise the joint is destined to fail. Gluing boards with the grain running perpendicular to each other is often the reason for split boards, or broken joints. Some furniture from the 18th century, while made by master craftsmen, did
117:
included over 90 detailed illustrations of wood joints for building structures alone, in his comprehensive encyclopedia published in 1765. While
Western techniques focused on concealment of joinery, the Eastern societies, though later, did not attempt to "hide" their joints. The Japanese and Chinese
178:
binder. These long chains of fibers make the wood exceptionally strong by resisting stress and spreading the load over the length of the board. Furthermore, cellulose is tougher than lignin, a fact demonstrated by the relative ease with which wood can be split along the grain compared to across it.
118:
traditions in particular required the use of hundreds of types of joints. The reason was that nails and glues used did not stand up well to the vastly fluctuating temperatures and humid weather conditions in most of
Central and South-East Asia. As well, the highly resinous woods used in traditional
826:
and the "fittings" of a house, ship, etc. Joiners may work in a workshop, because the formation of various joints is made easier by the use of non-portable, powered machinery, or on job site. A joiner usually produces items such as interior and exterior doors, windows, stairs, tables, bookshelves,
157:
In modern woodworking it is even more critical, as heating and air conditioning causes more severe respiration demands between the environment and the wood's interior fibers. All woodworking joints must take these changes into account, and allow for the resulting movement. Each wood species has a
68:
The characteristics of wooden joints—strength, flexibility, toughness, appearance, etc.—derive from the properties of the materials involved and the purpose of the joint. Therefore, different joinery techniques are used to meet differing requirements. For example, the joinery used to construct a
206:
which transport resources such as water, minerals and photosynthetic products up and down the plant. While lumber from a harvested tree is no longer alive, these tissues still absorb and expel water causing swelling and shrinkage of the wood in kind with change in humidity. When the dimensional
395:
Also known as open tenon, open mortise and tenon, or tongue and fork joints, this joint is where the through mortise is open on one side and forms a fork shape. The mate has a through tenon or necked joint. Bridle joints are commonly used to join rafter tops, also used in
315:
All reinforcements using wood as the introduced spanning material make use of the item's cellulose fibers to resist breakage. Biscuits or dominos may provide only slight strength improvement while still forming a strong alignment guide for the joint's pieces.
857:
Bench joinery is the preparation, setting out, and manufacture of joinery components while site carpentry and joinery focus on the installation of the joinery components, and on the setting out and fabrication of timber elements used in
109:, often without resorting to mechanical fasteners or adhesives. While every culture of woodworking has a joinery tradition, wood joinery techniques have been especially well-documented, and are celebrated, in the Indian,
671:
Also known as scallop and dowel, scallop and peg, pin and cove, pin and scallop, or half moon. Most furniture factories in the East and
Midwest of the United States made Knapp joint drawers from around 1871 to 1900.
182:
Different species of wood have different strength levels, and the exact strength may vary from sample to sample. Species also may differ on their length, density and parallelism of their cellulose strands.
360:
The end of a piece of wood is butted against another piece of wood. This is the simplest and weakest joint. Of those, there is the a) T-butt, b) end-to-end butt, c) Miter butt and d) edge-to-edge butt.
125:
As the trade modernized new developments have evolved to help speed, simplify, or improve joinery. Alongside the integration of different glue formulations, newer mechanical joinery techniques include
65:), to produce more complex items. Some woodworking joints employ mechanical fasteners, bindings, or adhesives, while others use only wood elements (such as dowels or plain mortise and tenon fittings).
378:
The end of a piece of wood is laid over and connected to another piece of wood. Due to a large surface area of long-grain to long-grain wood and glue surface coverage, this is a very strong joint.
311:: A trademarked form of biscuit joiner, using a piece of preformed wood, larger than a traditional biscuit and referred to as a "domino"; has some of the advantages of dowels and of biscuits.
467:
is inserted into a drilled slot. A screw is then inserted through an opposing slot and tightened to create a pull effect. This type of join is a very common joint in factory-made furniture.
425:
members in many designs. Can be considered a fully-encapsulated Bridle Joint. Very popular and strong, with variations for the tenon design, appearance, and mechanical pressure.
842:
are in common use in Canada, UK, Australia, and New
Zealand. The term is not in common use in America, although the main trade union for American carpenters is called the
245:
is highly effective for joining timber when both surfaces of the joint are edge grain. A properly glued joint may be as strong or stronger than a single piece of wood.
843:
904:, which are the work of carpenters. This new technique developed over several centuries and joiners started making more complex furniture and panelled rooms.
3099:
543:, a slot is cut across the grain in one piece for another piece to sit in; shelves on a bookshelf having slots cut into the sides of the shelf, for example.
97:
1290:
577:
Each piece has a groove cut all along one edge, and a thin, deep ridge (the tongue) on the opposite edge. If the tongue is unattached, it is considered a
170:(longitudinally) than it is when stressed across the grain (radially and tangentially). Wood is a natural composite material; parallel strands of
1085:
81:, although some concepts overlap. In British English joinery is distinguished from carpentry, which is considered to be a form of structural
1070:
911:
By the height of craft woodworking (late 18th century), carpenters, joiners, and cabinetmakers were all distinct and would serve different
3089:
865:
In Canada, joinery is considered a separate trade from carpentry. Both having their own apprenticeship path and red-seal certification.
1219:
908:
became its own distinct furniture-making trade too, so joiners (under that name) became more associated with the room panelling trade.
1514:
1173:
627:
A joint in which the two members are joined by removing material from each at the point of intersection so that they overlap.
1581:
1548:
1119:
560:
Like the dado joint, except that the slot is cut with the grain. Sometimes referred to interchangeably with the dado joint.
1239:
446:
pins. This joint is quick to make with production line machinery and so is a very common joint in factory-made furniture.
3074:
1020:
110:
3265:
3219:
3104:
1502:
1488:
1474:
1460:
1430:
1408:
1401:
3079:
305:: A small preformed wooden 'biscuit' is inserted in a pre-cut slot to help align an edge or butt joint when gluing.
1355:. 6th ed. Ottawa: Employment and Immigration Canada, Occupational and Career Information Branch, 1971. 756. Print.
3084:
1298:
3094:
2804:
1822:
3229:
2431:
757:
Wood panels secured temporarily together, usually with copper wire, and glued permanently in place with
2281:
1530:
1319:
1156:
3109:
3028:
2247:
1574:
286:
1261:
1395:
1142:
3260:
2461:
1609:
1604:
418:
20:
1112:"Michael Huntley demystifies the furniture making techniques of Chinese craftsmen prior to 1900"
417:
A stub (the tenon) will fit tightly into a hole cut for it (the mortise). This is a hallmark of
3186:
2267:
2237:
2232:
1938:
1412:
1273:
1204:
215:
lumber is preferred because its grain pattern is consistent and thus reacts less to humidity.
2252:
2101:
1963:
1875:
1291:"As solid as dovetails, Knapp joint solidly dates antique furniture drawers - Antique Trader"
1010:
956:
930:
831:
may work with materials other than wood such as linoleum, fibreglass, hardware, and gaskets.
442:
The end of a piece of wood is butted against another piece of wood. This is reinforced with
235:
can secure wood joints hold without the use of glue or mechanical fasteners, as in a pinned
3255:
3209:
3114:
2998:
2889:
2383:
2063:
2043:
1983:
1567:
1554:
1030:
484:
Similar to a butt joint, but both pieces have been beveled (usually at a 45-degree angle).
897:(arks were an intermediate stage between a carpenter's boarded chest and a framed chest).
786:
Shoulder, the surface perpendicular to the face or edge of the joint member which exposes
122:
do not glue well, even if they are cleaned with solvents and attached using modern glues.
8:
2839:
2834:
2368:
2353:
2333:
2328:
2204:
2086:
1170:
697:
135:
1511:
501:
A corner joint with interlocking square fingers. Receives pressure from two directions.
146:
Many wood joinery techniques either depend upon or compensate for the fact that wood is
2897:
2407:
2343:
1968:
1923:
1695:
1655:
901:
811:
195:, usually much less so longitudinally than in the radial and tangential directions. As
1111:
3191:
3048:
2879:
2859:
2446:
2189:
1913:
1755:
1498:
1484:
1470:
1456:
1049:
773:
737:
603:
565:
405:
236:
119:
58:
938:
The
Institute of Carpenters recognizes the following professionals working in wood:
703:
329:
Most-commonly referenced joints carried forward from historical
Western traditions.
105:
Many traditional wood joinery techniques use the distinctive material properties of
3250:
2849:
2824:
2799:
2769:
2426:
2008:
1903:
1670:
586:
548:
203:
192:
900:
The original sense of joinery is only distantly related to the modern practice of
3181:
2794:
2730:
2504:
2224:
2194:
2154:
2068:
1770:
1518:
1177:
919:
881:'s movement owing to moisture changes. Framed panel construction was utilised in
874:
745:
422:
261:
873:
In the history of technology in Europe, joinery was the medieval development of
3160:
3150:
3058:
3018:
2814:
2809:
2774:
2725:
2700:
2690:
2680:
2494:
2257:
1953:
1775:
1760:
1745:
1645:
1365:
1231:
1035:
1015:
973:
912:
780:
Cheek, the flat surface parallel to the face of the joint member which exposes
714:
523:
506:
436:
302:
208:
196:
127:
31:
38:
3244:
3130:
3023:
2993:
2695:
2665:
2660:
2650:
2597:
2451:
2436:
2398:
2348:
2338:
2091:
2048:
1805:
1730:
1680:
1640:
1635:
905:
389:
308:
131:
661:
A form of lap joint for attaching the ends of two members using bevel cuts.
518:
A form of box joint where the fingers are locked together by diagonal cuts.
62:
2943:
2938:
2874:
2829:
2819:
2784:
2715:
2710:
2670:
2642:
2577:
2562:
2499:
2471:
2415:
2411:
2403:
2073:
2053:
1790:
1765:
1750:
1710:
1675:
984:
967:
859:
807:
740:
joint where both work pieces are mortised to receive a double-ended tenon.
632:
578:
554:
383:
26:
1048:, a woodworking tool used to plane boards so that they may be attached or
655:
512:
3165:
3155:
3043:
2869:
2854:
2720:
2705:
2655:
2602:
2567:
2509:
2456:
2388:
2129:
1845:
1795:
1590:
1040:
989:
979:
886:
758:
649:
472:
451:
430:
397:
372:
246:
212:
147:
50:
3053:
3008:
2789:
2735:
2685:
2675:
2627:
2617:
2572:
2514:
2479:
2419:
2174:
2164:
2159:
2023:
1978:
1827:
1740:
1705:
1025:
781:
621:
348:
167:
885:
making. The development of joinery gave rise to "joyners", a group of
457:
2988:
2958:
2953:
2844:
2779:
2622:
2607:
2582:
2393:
2373:
2318:
2308:
2242:
2214:
2149:
1785:
1720:
1665:
1660:
1650:
951:
947:
942:
894:
890:
882:
823:
819:
787:
726:
A wooden oval is glued into two corresponding crescent-shaped slots.
615:
489:
366:
277:
249:
is soluble in water, producing joints that can be disassembled using
171:
86:
78:
74:
818:, particularly lighter and more ornamental work than that done by a
150:: its material properties are different along different dimensions.
2968:
2948:
2592:
2557:
2293:
2169:
2096:
2038:
2003:
1998:
1895:
1814:
1725:
1690:
1685:
849:
In the UK, an apprentice of wood occupations could choose to study
257:
592:
3145:
3140:
3033:
3003:
2963:
2907:
2740:
2632:
2587:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2519:
2489:
2484:
2358:
2262:
2199:
2144:
2033:
1988:
1943:
1865:
1855:
1840:
1735:
1715:
1045:
803:
114:
1189:
995:
751:
720:
411:
293:
3135:
2864:
2612:
2363:
2313:
2209:
2179:
2119:
1993:
1918:
1880:
1833:
1700:
1618:
878:
638:
607:
200:
175:
82:
1559:
478:
3013:
2922:
2917:
2902:
2323:
2114:
2107:
2078:
2058:
2028:
2013:
1973:
1958:
1948:
1933:
1928:
1908:
1885:
1860:
1780:
1538:- not for profit woodworking body advice on joinery in the UK
529:
464:
443:
354:
265:
250:
232:
223:
70:
297:
A traditional biscuit in front of the slot cut to receive it
2912:
2441:
2378:
2303:
2184:
2139:
2134:
1870:
1614:
815:
495:
242:
106:
54:
709:
A countersunk screw is driven into the joint at an angle.
571:
3038:
2529:
2298:
2124:
2018:
1850:
1071:"What's the Difference Between a Carpenter and a Joiner?"
1555:
List of French timber framing joints, in French language
1535:
844:
United
Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America
85:
work; in other locales joinery is considered a form of
934:
The
Carpenter, a figurine of a joiner by Royal Doulton
16:
Where pieces of wood are fixed together in an assembly
3100:
International
Federation of Building and Wood Workers
1512:
http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplgtr/fplgtr50.pdf
1353:
400:
and sometimes sill corner joints in timber framing.
776:, the resulting surfaces have the following names:
1509:Water Repellency and Dimensional Stability of Wood
999:Illustration of an 1880s joiner's shop in Germany
3242:
922:, a joiner is colloquially known as a "chippy".
42:A worker uses a large circular saw to cut joints
1284:
1282:
644:A joint used to attach two members end to end.
421:, and also the traditional method of jointing
1575:
1549:Dimensioning woodworking and carpentry joints
736:Also known as a loose tenon joint, a type of
218:
19:"Joiner" redirects here. For other uses, see
1279:
1090:The Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert
827:cabinets, furniture, etc. In shipbuilding a
191:Timber expands and contracts in response to
1582:
1568:
925:
793:
268:. Glue and fasteners can be used together.
1431:Learn how and when to remove this message
227:Pin-connected post and beam house framing
166:Wood is stronger when stressed along the
3090:Building and Wood Workers' International
1394:This article includes a list of general
994:
929:
877:construction, as a means of coping with
292:
276:
222:
186:
96:
73:can be different from that used to make
37:
25:
1262:"The history of the cove-and-pin joint"
1109:
610:connects the rafter to the wall-plate.
319:
3243:
1288:
1563:
1274:"Fun furniture fact: The Knapp joint"
972:Structural post and beam carpenters (
868:
772:When material is removed to create a
272:
141:
3225:
1380:
1242:from the original on 28 October 2017
1122:from the original on 22 January 2013
1110:Huntley, Michael (20 January 2009),
207:stability of the wood is paramount,
61:, or synthetic substitutes (such as
3215:
3075:American Association of Woodturners
1083:
13:
1531:Pro Woodworking Tips - Woodworking
1400:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
3277:
3105:National Wood Carvers Association
1524:
3224:
3214:
3205:
3204:
3080:Architectural Woodwork Institute
1385:
1366:"Chippy and Joiner are synonyms"
767:
750:
719:
702:
654:
637:
620:
591:
570:
553:
528:
511:
494:
477:
456:
435:
410:
388:
371:
353:
260:may be used, the simplest being
53:that involves joining pieces of
1589:
1358:
1346:
1333:
1312:
1267:
1254:
1224:
1212:
3085:British Woodworking Federation
1536:British Woodworking Federation
1197:
1182:
1163:
1149:
1135:
1126:
1103:
1077:
1063:
324:
174:fibers are held together by a
1:
3095:Caricature Carvers of America
1376:
1205:"Loose Tenon Joinery Q&A"
1451:Bernard Jones (Ed.) (1980).
1446:Woodworking Terms and Joints
1056:
7:
1507:US Forestry Service (1985)
1495:Encyclopedia of Wood Joints
1289:Taylor, Fred (2017-07-19).
1021:Chinese Wooden Architecture
1003:
855:site carpentry and joinery.
281:A countersunk doweled joint
161:
10:
3282:
1448:. Pro Woodworking Tips.com
219:Materials used for joining
101:Joinery in Vietnam in 1923
92:
18:
3200:
3174:
3123:
3110:Society of Wood Engravers
3067:
2981:
2931:
2888:
2760:
2753:
2641:
2528:
2470:
2289:
2280:
2223:
1894:
1813:
1804:
1628:
1597:
1493:Wolfram Graubner (1992).
1444:Lee A. Jesberger (2007).
1341:Oxford English Dictionary
1220:"Wood Joint Torture Test"
678:
3266:Wood-related terminology
1343:. 2nd. ed. 2009. CD-rom.
1132:Pro Woodworking Tips.com
606:. A V-shaped cut in the
1483:. Sterling Publishing.
1453:The Complete Woodworker
1415:more precise citations.
1116:Wood Worker's Institute
926:Woodworking professions
794:Joinery as a profession
419:Mission Style furniture
21:Joiner (disambiguation)
3187:Frameless construction
2268:Wood-plastic composite
1481:Wood Joiner's Handbook
1320:"Woodworking Glossary"
1232:"Miscellaneous Joints"
1157:"Why Does Wood Crack?"
1000:
935:
298:
282:
228:
102:
43:
35:
34:to cut a large mortise
1194:Monday, June 22, 2020
1143:"Drying Wood At Home"
1011:Building construction
998:
933:
810:who builds things by
731:Floating tenon joint
602:, this joint used in
296:
280:
226:
187:Dimensional stability
100:
41:
29:
3115:Timber Framers Guild
1969:Australian Blackwood
1118:, GMC Publications,
1031:Shaker tilting chair
959:(woodworking skills)
320:Types of wood joints
2835:Hammer-headed tenon
2354:Janka hardness test
1465:Peter Korn (1993).
1339:"joiner, n. 2. a."
1260:Megan Fitzpatrick.
1171:WoodworkDetails.com
698:Pocket-hole joinery
333:
256:Various mechanical
253:to soften the bond.
30:A carpenter uses a
1696:Japanese carpentry
1517:2017-05-10 at the
1479:Sam Allen (1990).
1209:September 29, 2020
1176:2012-12-15 at the
1086:"l'Encyclopeghdie"
1001:
936:
902:woodworking joints
889:distinct from the
869:History of joinery
332:
299:
283:
273:Reinforcing joints
229:
142:Properties of wood
103:
44:
36:
3238:
3237:
3192:Green woodworking
3049:Wood preservation
2977:
2976:
2880:Tongue and groove
2860:Mortise and tenon
2749:
2748:
2447:Warrington hammer
2276:
2275:
1964:African Blackwood
1756:Segmented turning
1497:. Taunton Press.
1467:Working with Wood
1441:
1440:
1433:
1236:sawdustmaking.com
1190:"Bespoke Joinery"
774:woodworking joint
765:
764:
738:mortise and tenon
676:
675:
604:roof construction
566:Tongue and groove
463:A threaded metal
452:Cross dowel joint
406:Mortise and tenon
237:mortise and tenon
120:Chinese furniture
59:engineered lumber
3273:
3228:
3227:
3218:
3217:
3208:
3207:
2758:
2757:
2427:Thickness planer
2287:
2286:
2081:(lime, basswood)
1811:
1810:
1671:Chainsaw carving
1584:
1577:
1570:
1561:
1560:
1543:Terms and Joints
1436:
1429:
1425:
1422:
1416:
1411:this article by
1402:inline citations
1389:
1388:
1381:
1370:
1369:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1344:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1306:
1297:. Archived from
1286:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1208:
1201:
1195:
1193:
1186:
1180:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1139:
1133:
1130:
1124:
1123:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1098:
1096:
1084:Diderot, Denis.
1081:
1075:
1074:
1067:
754:
723:
706:
683:
682:
658:
641:
624:
595:
587:Birdsmouth joint
574:
557:
532:
515:
498:
481:
460:
439:
414:
392:
375:
357:
334:
331:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3270:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3234:
3196:
3182:Frame and panel
3170:
3119:
3063:
2973:
2932:Surface piecing
2927:
2884:
2805:Crown of thorns
2745:
2731:Smoothing plane
2637:
2524:
2466:
2369:Milling machine
2272:
2233:Cross-laminated
2219:
1890:
1800:
1771:Spindle turning
1761:Shingle weaving
1731:Pallet crafting
1624:
1593:
1588:
1527:
1519:Wayback Machine
1437:
1426:
1420:
1417:
1407:Please help to
1406:
1390:
1386:
1379:
1374:
1373:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1351:
1347:
1338:
1334:
1324:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1304:
1302:
1287:
1280:
1272:
1268:
1259:
1255:
1245:
1243:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1217:
1213:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1178:Wayback Machine
1169:Wood Movement,
1168:
1164:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1127:
1108:
1104:
1094:
1092:
1082:
1078:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1006:
928:
920:British English
913:apprenticeships
875:frame and panel
871:
796:
770:
746:Stitch and glue
681:
600:bird's beak cut
423:frame and panel
327:
322:
275:
221:
189:
164:
144:
95:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3279:
3269:
3268:
3263:
3261:Timber framing
3258:
3253:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3222:
3212:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3161:Quarter sawing
3158:
3153:
3151:Wood splitting
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3127:
3125:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3059:Wood finishing
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3021:
3019:Paint stripper
3016:
3011:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2991:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2928:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2894:
2892:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2766:
2764:
2755:
2751:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2726:Shoulder plane
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2701:Moulding plane
2698:
2693:
2691:Japanese plane
2688:
2683:
2681:Grooving plane
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2595:
2590:
2585:
2580:
2575:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2534:
2532:
2526:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2495:Flooring clamp
2492:
2487:
2482:
2476:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2452:Winding sticks
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2432:Timber-framing
2429:
2424:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2258:Particle board
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2238:Glue laminated
2235:
2229:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1900:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1819:
1817:
1808:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1776:Timber framing
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1746:Relief carving
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1646:Bush carpentry
1643:
1638:
1632:
1630:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1612:
1607:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1587:
1586:
1579:
1572:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1552:
1551:Craftsmanspace
1545:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1533:
1526:
1525:External links
1523:
1522:
1521:
1505:
1491:
1477:
1463:
1449:
1439:
1438:
1393:
1391:
1384:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1357:
1345:
1332:
1311:
1295:Antique Trader
1278:
1266:
1253:
1223:
1218:Wood Magazine
1211:
1196:
1181:
1162:
1148:
1134:
1125:
1102:
1076:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1043:
1038:
1036:Timber framing
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1016:Cabinet making
1013:
1007:
1005:
1002:
993:
992:
987:
982:
977:
974:timber framing
970:
965:
960:
954:
952:cabinet makers
945:
927:
924:
870:
867:
795:
792:
791:
790:
784:
769:
766:
763:
762:
755:
748:
742:
741:
734:
732:
728:
727:
724:
717:
711:
710:
707:
700:
694:
693:
690:
687:
680:
677:
674:
673:
669:
667:
663:
662:
659:
652:
646:
645:
642:
635:
629:
628:
625:
618:
612:
611:
598:Also called a
596:
589:
583:
582:
575:
568:
562:
561:
558:
551:
545:
544:
535:Also called a
533:
526:
520:
519:
516:
509:
507:Dovetail joint
503:
502:
499:
492:
486:
485:
482:
475:
469:
468:
461:
454:
448:
447:
440:
433:
427:
426:
415:
408:
402:
401:
393:
386:
380:
379:
376:
369:
363:
362:
358:
351:
345:
344:
341:
338:
326:
323:
321:
318:
313:
312:
306:
303:Biscuit joints
291:
290:
274:
271:
270:
269:
254:
240:
220:
217:
188:
185:
163:
160:
143:
140:
94:
91:
32:chain mortiser
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3278:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3231:
3223:
3221:
3213:
3211:
3203:
3202:
3199:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3131:Chainsaw mill
3129:
3128:
3126:
3122:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3072:
3070:
3068:Organizations
3066:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3024:Steam bending
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2994:French polish
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2930:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2865:Rabbet/Rebate
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2850:Mason's mitre
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2759:
2756:
2752:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2696:Jointer plane
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2666:Compass plane
2664:
2662:
2661:Chamfer plane
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2651:Bedrock plane
2649:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2581:
2579:
2576:
2574:
2571:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2527:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2437:Veneer hammer
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2349:Impact driver
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2226:
2222:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2165:Red Quebracho
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1830:
1829:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1641:Bow and arrow
1639:
1637:
1636:Boat building
1634:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1585:
1580:
1578:
1573:
1571:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1510:
1506:
1504:
1503:1-56158-004-X
1500:
1496:
1492:
1490:
1489:0-8069-6999-7
1486:
1482:
1478:
1476:
1475:1-56158-041-4
1472:
1468:
1464:
1462:
1461:0-89815-022-1
1458:
1454:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1435:
1432:
1424:
1421:February 2008
1414:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1397:
1392:
1383:
1382:
1367:
1361:
1354:
1349:
1342:
1336:
1321:
1315:
1301:on 2017-07-19
1300:
1296:
1292:
1285:
1283:
1275:
1270:
1263:
1257:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1227:
1221:
1215:
1206:
1200:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1166:
1158:
1152:
1144:
1138:
1129:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1106:
1091:
1087:
1080:
1072:
1066:
1062:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1008:
997:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
975:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
958:
957:Boat builders
955:
953:
949:
946:
944:
941:
940:
939:
932:
923:
921:
916:
914:
909:
907:
906:Cabinetmaking
903:
898:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
866:
863:
861:
856:
852:
851:bench joinery
847:
845:
841:
837:
832:
830:
829:marine joiner
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
789:
785:
783:
779:
778:
777:
775:
768:Joinery terms
760:
756:
753:
749:
747:
744:
743:
739:
735:
733:
730:
729:
725:
722:
718:
716:
713:
712:
708:
705:
701:
699:
696:
695:
691:
688:
685:
684:
670:
668:
665:
664:
660:
657:
653:
651:
648:
647:
643:
640:
636:
634:
631:
630:
626:
623:
619:
617:
614:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
594:
590:
588:
585:
584:
580:
576:
573:
569:
567:
564:
563:
559:
556:
552:
550:
547:
546:
542:
538:
537:housing joint
534:
531:
527:
525:
522:
521:
517:
514:
510:
508:
505:
504:
500:
497:
493:
491:
488:
487:
483:
480:
476:
474:
471:
470:
466:
462:
459:
455:
453:
450:
449:
445:
441:
438:
434:
432:
429:
428:
424:
420:
416:
413:
409:
407:
404:
403:
399:
394:
391:
387:
385:
382:
381:
377:
374:
370:
368:
365:
364:
359:
356:
352:
350:
347:
346:
342:
339:
336:
335:
330:
317:
310:
309:Domino joiner
307:
304:
301:
300:
295:
288:
285:
284:
279:
267:
263:
259:
255:
252:
248:
244:
241:
238:
234:
231:
230:
225:
216:
214:
210:
205:
202:
199:, trees have
198:
197:tracheophytes
194:
184:
180:
177:
173:
169:
159:
155:
151:
149:
139:
137:
133:
129:
123:
121:
116:
112:
108:
99:
90:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
66:
64:
60:
56:
52:
49:is a part of
48:
40:
33:
28:
22:
2999:Heat bending
2944:Edge banding
2761:
2716:Router plane
2711:Rebate plane
2671:Finger plane
2402:
2106:
2100:
2080:
2074:Lignum vitae
1832:
1826:
1791:Wood carving
1766:Shipbuilding
1751:Root carving
1711:Log building
1676:Chip carving
1508:
1494:
1480:
1466:
1452:
1445:
1427:
1418:
1399:
1360:
1352:
1348:
1340:
1335:
1323:. Retrieved
1314:
1303:. Retrieved
1299:the original
1294:
1269:
1256:
1244:. Retrieved
1235:
1226:
1214:
1199:
1184:
1165:
1151:
1137:
1128:
1115:
1105:
1093:. Retrieved
1089:
1079:
1065:
990:Wood turners
985:Wood carvers
980:Wheelwrights
962:
937:
917:
910:
899:
872:
864:
860:construction
854:
850:
848:
839:
835:
833:
828:
822:, including
808:tradesperson
799:
797:
771:
692:Description
666:Knapp joint
633:Splice joint
599:
579:spline joint
549:Groove joint
541:trench joint
540:
536:
398:scarf joints
384:Bridle joint
343:Description
328:
314:
209:quarter-sawn
190:
181:
165:
156:
152:
145:
136:pocket screw
134:joints, and
124:
104:
67:
46:
45:
3256:Woodworking
3220:WikiProject
3166:Rift sawing
3156:Flat sawing
3044:Wood drying
2721:Scrub plane
2706:Razee plane
2656:Block plane
2510:Mitre clamp
2457:Wood scribe
2408:Combination
2150:Purpleheart
1846:Douglas fir
1796:Woodturning
1629:Occupations
1591:Woodworking
1413:introducing
1041:Woodworking
887:woodworkers
759:epoxy resin
650:Scarf joint
473:Mitre joint
431:Dowel joint
325:Traditional
247:Animal glue
148:anisotropic
51:woodworking
3245:Categories
3175:Techniques
3124:Conversion
3054:Wood stain
2982:Treatments
2770:Birdsmouth
2736:Spokeshave
2686:Jack plane
2676:Fore plane
2515:Pipe clamp
2480:Band clamp
2404:Carpenters
2225:Engineered
2175:Rubberwood
2024:Eucalyptus
1828:Calocedrus
1741:Pyrography
1706:Kohlrosing
1396:references
1377:References
1305:2020-03-31
1026:Shadow box
968:Shopfitter
943:Carpenters
895:arkwrights
891:carpenters
834:The terms
814:pieces of
782:long grain
524:Dado joint
349:Butt joint
2964:Parquetry
2959:Oystering
2954:Marquetry
2795:Butterfly
2462:Workbench
2394:Sandpaper
2374:Mitre box
2319:Drawknife
2309:Burnisher
2294:Abrasives
2243:Hardboard
1904:Afromosia
1786:Whittling
1736:Parquetry
1721:Marquetry
1666:Certosina
1661:Carpentry
1651:Cabinetry
1598:Overviews
1325:April 25,
1057:Footnotes
948:Furniture
883:furniture
824:furniture
820:carpenter
788:end grain
616:Cross lap
490:Box joint
367:Lap joint
258:fasteners
213:rift-sawn
201:lignified
172:cellulose
138:joinery.
128:"biscuit"
87:carpentry
79:furniture
75:cabinetry
3210:Category
2989:Adhesive
2969:Purfling
2949:Intarsia
2890:Profiles
2815:Dovetail
2754:Geometry
2593:Hand saw
2578:Crosscut
2563:Circular
2558:Chainsaw
2505:Holdfast
2170:Rosewood
2102:American
2097:Mahogany
2069:Jelutong
2039:Hornbeam
2004:Cocobolo
1999:Chestnut
1914:Andiroba
1726:Millwork
1691:Intarsia
1686:Fretwork
1681:Ébéniste
1610:Glossary
1515:Archived
1240:Archived
1174:Archived
1120:archived
1004:See also
193:humidity
162:Strength
132:"domino"
63:laminate
3251:Joinery
3230:Commons
3146:Whipsaw
3141:Sawmill
3034:Varnish
3029:Thermal
3004:Lacquer
2939:Binding
2908:Chamfer
2775:Biscuit
2741:Surform
2633:Whipsaw
2603:Keyhole
2588:Fretsaw
2568:Compass
2553:Bucksaw
2543:Bandsaw
2538:Backsaw
2520:Sawbuck
2490:F-clamp
2485:C-clamp
2359:Jointer
2263:Plywood
2215:Zebrano
2155:Ovankol
2120:Meranti
2108:African
2079:Linden
2034:Hickory
1989:Cedrela
1984:Camphor
1979:Bubinga
1974:Boxwood
1954:Bilinga
1939:Avodire
1856:Juniper
1841:Cypress
1716:Luthier
1605:History
1409:improve
1264:. 2018.
1095:1 April
1046:Jointer
963:Joiners
836:joinery
812:joining
804:artisan
715:Biscuit
204:tissues
115:Diderot
111:Chinese
93:History
47:Joinery
3136:Hewing
2875:Splice
2830:Halved
2825:Groove
2820:Finger
2800:Coping
2785:Bridle
2762:Joints
2643:Planes
2628:Veneer
2618:Scroll
2613:Ripsaw
2598:Jigsaw
2573:Coping
2472:Clamps
2399:Square
2389:Shaper
2384:Router
2364:Mallet
2339:Gimlet
2314:Chisel
2210:Willow
2200:Walnut
2190:Totara
2180:Sapele
2145:Poplar
2130:Padauk
2092:Merbau
2064:Jarrah
2049:Imbuia
2044:Idigbo
2009:Cumaru
1994:Cherry
1919:Anigre
1881:Spruce
1834:Cedrus
1701:Khatam
1656:Caning
1619:lumber
1501:
1487:
1473:
1459:
1398:, but
1050:joined
879:timber
840:joiner
802:is an
800:joiner
689:Image
686:Joint
679:Modern
608:rafter
340:Image
337:Joint
266:screws
233:Dowels
176:lignin
83:timber
3014:Paint
2923:Ovolo
2918:Ogive
2903:Bevel
2870:Scarf
2855:Miter
2623:Table
2608:Miter
2583:Frame
2500:Gripe
2416:Speed
2412:Miter
2344:Gauge
2334:Float
2329:Fence
2324:Drill
2282:Tools
2205:Wenge
2195:Utile
2160:Ramin
2115:Maple
2087:Lovoa
2059:Iroko
2029:Hazel
2014:Ebony
1959:Birch
1949:Beech
1944:Balsa
1934:Aspen
1929:Apple
1909:Alder
1866:Kauri
1861:Larch
1823:Cedar
1806:Woods
1781:Treen
1246:5 May
465:dowel
444:dowel
287:Dowel
262:nails
251:steam
168:grain
71:house
2913:Ogee
2898:Bead
2840:Knee
2810:Dado
2790:Butt
2530:Saws
2442:Vise
2379:Rasp
2304:Adze
2185:Teak
2140:Plum
2135:Pear
1896:Hard
1876:Rimu
1871:Pine
1815:Soft
1615:Wood
1499:ISBN
1485:ISBN
1471:ISBN
1457:ISBN
1327:2022
1248:2018
1097:2015
950:and
893:and
838:and
816:wood
806:and
264:and
243:Glue
130:and
107:wood
55:wood
3039:Wax
3009:Oil
2845:Lap
2780:Box
2548:Bow
2420:Try
2299:Axe
2253:OSB
2248:MDF
2125:Oak
2054:IpĂŞ
2019:Elm
1924:Ash
1886:Yew
1851:Fir
918:In
853:or
539:or
211:or
77:or
3247::
2418:,
2414:,
2410:,
2406:,
2105:,
1831:,
1469:.
1455:.
1293:.
1281:^
1238:.
1234:.
1114:,
1088:.
915:.
862:.
846:.
798:A
761:.
581:.
89:.
57:,
2423:)
2401:(
2111:)
2099:(
1837:)
1825:(
1621:)
1617:(
1583:e
1576:t
1569:v
1434:)
1428:(
1423:)
1419:(
1405:.
1368:.
1329:.
1308:.
1276:.
1250:.
1207:.
1192:.
1159:.
1145:.
1099:.
1073:.
976:)
239:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)