31:
135:
974:
962:
3739:
1579:
836:
3751:
1591:
1239:
876:
accompanied by thirteen other children. The child said: "We are the fourteen helpers and wish to erect a chapel here, where we can rest. If you will be our servant, we will be yours!" Shortly after, Leicht saw two burning candles descending to this spot. It is alleged that miraculous healings soon began, through the intervention of the fourteen saints.
756:(Agathius, Barbara, Catherine of Alexandria, Christopher, Denis, Eustace, Margaret of Antioch). In the case of the latter group, their supposed "legendary" status is primarily based on analysis of the saints' traditional hagiographies alone with out due consideration of other possibilities and interpretations, as well as the changes associated with the
875:
monastery of
Langheim. As he bent down to pick up the child, it abruptly disappeared. A short time later, the child reappeared in the same spot. This time, two candles were burning next to it. In June 1446, Leicht saw the child a third time. This time, the child bore a red cross on its chest and was
497:
Against sudden death and diseases of the tongue; patron of philosophers, theologians, maidens, female students, preachers, the dying, wheelwrights, mechanics, potters, and other artisans who work with wheels; invoked by students, orators, preachers, and lawyers for wise counsel and for eloquence.
345:
to devotion of the
Fourteen Holy Helpers, though these no longer apply. While each had a separate feast day, the Fourteen Holy Helpers were in some places celebrated as a group on 8 August, but this celebration never became part of the
883:
brothers to whom the land belonged erected a chapel, which immediately attracted pilgrims. An altar was consecrated as early as 1448. Pilgrimages to the
Vierzehnheiligen continue to the present day between May and October.
350:
for universal veneration. When that calendar was revised in 1969, the individual celebrations of St
Barbara, St Catherine of Alexandria, St Christopher, and St Margaret of Antioch were dropped, but in 2004
1216:
1449:
871:
Devotion to these saints began in that region on 24 September 1445 when
Hermann Leicht, the young shepherd of a nearby Franciscan monastery, saw a crying child in a field belonging to the nearby
762:, irrespective of which changes actually applied to these particular saints — in the instance of the Fourteen Holy Helpers, while the feasts were in several cases removed from the
262:
As the other saints began to be invoked along with these three virgin martyrs, they were represented together in works of art. Popular veneration of these saints often began in a
1353:
458:
Against fever and sudden death, against lightning and fire, and against sudden and violent death at work; patron of builders, artillerymen, and miners.
312:
invoked against temptation on the deathbed, and Saints
Christopher, Barbara, and Catherine for protection against a sudden and unprovided-for death.
2623:
1476:
1014:
2653:
1156:
3711:
1675:
1628:
742:, lightning, the bites of animals (especially those who were venomous or rabid), and storms, and for protection of domestic animals.
3781:
364:
713:
Patron of physicians and midwives, invoked for the protection of domestic animals, and invoked against cancer and tuberculosis.
1428:
3615:
1264:
1400:
1823:
1469:
612:
Against family discord, against fire (temporal and eternal), and patron of hunters, trappers, and anyone facing trouble.
2528:
1646:
1332:
30:
1357:
1141:
360:
771:
3487:
2658:
1145:
912:
830:
1433:
990:
973:
961:
3776:
3718:
2250:
1462:
368:
3580:
2768:
1723:
1621:
1189:
2335:
1149:
36:
921:
1693:
1030:
355:
reinstated the 25 November optional memorial of
Catherine of Alexandria, whose voice was heard by Saint
3482:
2703:
753:
2738:
2548:
2508:
325:
3344:
2603:
2270:
2052:
1936:
1916:
1856:
1614:
1153:
1103:
3477:
2816:
2786:
2177:
1951:
1741:
1637:
1513:
782:
486:
383:
93:
3743:
2608:
2553:
2255:
1896:
1861:
1838:
1746:
1655:
810:
763:
320:
as healer of family troubles. Domestic animals were also attacked by the plague, and so Saints
3650:
3472:
3412:
2801:
2683:
2593:
2450:
2420:
2355:
2295:
2265:
1901:
1846:
1688:
818:
794:
690:
Patron of women in childbirth, invoked against backache, and invoked for escape from devils.
671:
174:
is believed to be particularly effective, especially against various diseases. This group of
1008:
897:
3590:
3535:
3530:
2533:
2455:
2435:
2370:
2340:
2162:
2117:
2092:
2047:
2009:
1974:
1911:
1871:
1771:
1528:
1004:
901:
806:
285:
97:
3565:
3545:
2811:
2460:
1659:
40:
8:
3640:
3520:
3362:
2628:
2513:
2493:
2430:
2390:
2360:
2310:
2290:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2187:
2057:
1931:
1828:
1819:
1766:
1553:
1082:
752:(Blaise, Cyriacus, Erasmus, George, Giles, Pantaleon, Vitus) while the other may be only
679:
117:
3620:
2538:
1277:
3681:
3676:
3625:
3550:
2905:
2753:
2643:
2598:
2588:
2518:
2503:
2400:
2385:
2380:
2315:
2280:
2275:
2172:
2122:
2097:
2062:
2027:
1906:
1796:
1786:
1731:
1698:
1583:
1176:
853:, and the Basilica of the Vierzehnheiligen is dedicated to these auxiliary saints. The
758:
568:
375:
293:
59:
2167:
1058:
3706:
3691:
3660:
3655:
3600:
3575:
3540:
3367:
3129:
2959:
2929:
2778:
2763:
2723:
2648:
2613:
2440:
2350:
2285:
2147:
2142:
2127:
2102:
2077:
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1999:
1891:
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1703:
1533:
1518:
1260:
1137:
865:
857:
778:
749:
504:
379:
352:
347:
277:
101:
85:
2821:
2573:
1029:
770:
or were denied as having existed to begin with (furthermore, their feasts remain on
3510:
3422:
3304:
3294:
3179:
3174:
3094:
3089:
3029:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2984:
2974:
2949:
2924:
2879:
2668:
2663:
2638:
2618:
2498:
2483:
2475:
2425:
2415:
2375:
2207:
2192:
2157:
2132:
2067:
1791:
1776:
1761:
1756:
1383:
861:
2182:
541:
Against temptation on the death-bed, diseases of the eye, and demonic possession.
3701:
3560:
3447:
3432:
3329:
3289:
3274:
3254:
3199:
3124:
3114:
3084:
3074:
3009:
2979:
2939:
2934:
2758:
2678:
2633:
2578:
2465:
2410:
2300:
2152:
2037:
1964:
1886:
1851:
1751:
1558:
1160:
905:
802:
790:
696:
338:
333:
305:
167:
147:
121:
52:
2673:
1606:
3723:
3696:
3502:
3417:
3357:
3299:
3284:
3269:
3249:
3244:
3204:
3194:
3104:
3079:
3064:
3049:
3044:
3024:
3019:
3014:
2954:
2836:
2806:
2791:
2748:
2718:
2693:
2563:
2523:
2488:
2365:
2345:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2240:
2137:
2082:
2017:
1969:
1881:
1708:
1164:
1000:
994:
786:
767:
663:
546:
522:
387:
309:
207:
183:
155:
3525:
1307:
3770:
3755:
3645:
3630:
3610:
3555:
3515:
3319:
3314:
3264:
3259:
3189:
3169:
3134:
3099:
3069:
3039:
3034:
2964:
2859:
2831:
2796:
2728:
2708:
1989:
1984:
1866:
1663:
1595:
1538:
1503:
1243:
1233:
636:
595:
446:
317:
297:
105:
77:
1454:
674:, and patron of cripples, beggars, blacksmiths, and breast-feeding mothers.
378:, who were also venerated in the Rhineland as "Marshals of God". These were
3635:
3334:
3324:
3309:
3239:
3214:
3149:
3109:
3059:
2969:
2884:
2688:
2568:
2543:
2112:
1921:
1713:
1651:
1543:
1508:
1387:
1125:
618:
464:
391:
321:
289:
171:
109:
81:
134:
3595:
3442:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3209:
3159:
3154:
3144:
3119:
3054:
2944:
2743:
2733:
2713:
2583:
2558:
2087:
1994:
1781:
1563:
1548:
1378:
Potter P. "When at night I go to sleep / Fourteen angels watch do keep",
1129:
1017:– the category of Roman Catholic saints to which the Holy Helpers belong.
916:
872:
718:
645:
589:
ailments, stomach ailments, for domestic animals, and patron of sailors.
356:
313:
301:
281:
203:
187:
125:
113:
374:
Comparable to the devotion of the
Fourteen Holy Helpers was that of the
3605:
3279:
3164:
3139:
2989:
2826:
2107:
925:, symbolize the Fourteen Holy Helpers. The English words are familiar:
893:
880:
342:
817:
were sometimes substituted. In France an extra "helper" is added: the
481:
Against illness of the throat and for protection of domestic animals.
3585:
3492:
3184:
2846:
2698:
1941:
1806:
1683:
798:
586:
263:
199:
179:
3738:
3570:
3407:
3387:
2445:
2395:
2197:
1926:
1736:
1578:
1523:
1498:
835:
735:
667:
530:
424:
241:
178:("helpers in need") originated in the 14th century at first in the
89:
73:
1441:
359:. The individual celebrations of all fourteen are included in the
3462:
3437:
3382:
2899:
2864:
2305:
2260:
2022:
1959:
1814:
1242:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
846:
324:, Elmo, Pantaleon, and Vitus were invoked for their protection.
3467:
3402:
3392:
3377:
3352:
2405:
2032:
1234:
Mershman, Francis. "St. Christopher." The
Catholic Encyclopedia
854:
739:
271:
3457:
3452:
3427:
3397:
3372:
2889:
2874:
2869:
1979:
1667:
892:
One of the group depictions of the fourteen Saints is a 1503
267:
163:
2916:
2894:
2854:
2072:
1257:
Don't Shoot the
Albatross! Nautical Myths and Superstitions
814:
1217:"As workers toil underground, Saint Barbara keeps watch"
824:
777:
For one or another of the saints in the original set,
35:
Figurines of the Fourteen Holy Helpers, Chapel on the
911:
The fourteen angels of the lost children's prayer in
639:, against herpetic diseases, and patron of soldiers.
503:
1450:
WebShots slideshow of the Basilika Vierzehnheiligen
1434:
Das Ökumenische Heiligenlexikon – Heilige Nothelfer
182:, largely as a result of the epidemic (probably of
1429:Invocation and litany to the Fourteen Holy Helpers
695:
1636:
1236:Vol. 3. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908.
562:Against headache and against demonic possession.
3768:
1280:. Victoria and Albert Museum. 20 September 2014.
594:
567:
445:
270:. All of the saints except Giles were accounted
1015:Patron saints of ailments, illness, and dangers
617:
463:
198:Devotion to the fourteen Holy Helpers began in
1330:
1190:"The best saints to pray to during a pandemic"
644:
1622:
1484:
1470:
670:, mental illness, and nightmares, for a good
997:with a church dedicated to the Holy Helpers.
979:The second panel of the Grünewald altarpiece
967:The first panel of the Grünewald altarpiece
1629:
1615:
1477:
1463:
202:, now part of Germany, in the time of the
29:
845:The Fourteen Holy Helpers are honored in
316:was prayed to for a good confession, and
1076:
1074:
1072:
834:
288:was prayed to for relief from headache,
284:were invoked against the plague itself.
193:
133:
1056:
887:
397:
365:General Roman Calendar of Pope Pius XII
3769:
1299:
1290:
1215:Shaver, Katherine (27 December 2018).
1214:
1106:. Heimat- und Verkehrsverein Obernburg
1080:
1050:
1027:
1011:painted his "Holy Helpers" altarpiece.
1610:
1458:
1305:
1069:
138:Painting of the Fourteen Holy Helpers
1333:"Catholic Bamberg: Vierzehnheiligen"
1136:, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1998,
1057:Stracke, Richard (20 October 2015).
825:The Basilica of the Vierzehnheiligen
213:
210:. A German mnemonic for them says:
13:
2529:Forty Martyrs of England and Wales
1647:Dicastery for the Causes of Saints
1021:
328:is the patron of safe childbirth.
250:those are the three holy maids.")
14:
3793:
1422:
1405:The Hymns and Carols of Christmas
1134:Missale Romanum – Editio Princeps
1031:"The fourteen holy helpers"
868:and built between 1743 and 1772.
361:General Roman Calendar as in 1954
337:spread in the fifteenth century,
3749:
3737:
3616:María de las Maravillas de Jesús
3473:Seven Maccabees and their mother
2659:Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War
1589:
1577:
1237:
993:– a Franciscan monastery in the
972:
960:
831:Basilica of the Vierzehnheiligen
748:Half the saints are regarded as
232:das sind die drei heiligen Madl.
206:. Among the fourteen were three
3782:Groups of Roman Catholic saints
1393:
1372:
1346:
1324:
1284:
1270:
1104:"Sau-Toni, Rochus und die Pest"
1249:
1227:
1208:
1182:
1169:
1118:
1096:
932:Fourteen angels watch do keep,
369:General Roman Calendar of 1960
308:was the patron of physicians,
296:, against abdominal maladies,
1:
3581:Faustina and Liberata of Como
2769:Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia
2714:Teresa Benedicta of the Cross
1638:Saints of the Catholic Church
1401:"When at Night I Go to Sleep"
1382:2013 September 19(9):1554–5.
1308:"8 August is the feast of..."
1306:Jones, G. R. (9 April 2004).
1259:. A&C Black, London, UK.
1043:
991:Franciscan Monastery in Kadaň
948:To guide my steps to heaven.
525:and dangers while traveling.
1081:Hammer, Bonaventure (1995).
1028:Hammer, Bonaventure (1909).
930:When at night I go to sleep,
292:against ills of the throat,
7:
1083:"The Fourteen Holy Helpers"
984:
186:) that became known as the
10:
3798:
3744:Catholic Church portal
2704:Saints of the Cristero War
953:
828:
160:Quattuordecim auxiliatores
3732:
3669:
3501:
3343:
2915:
2845:
2777:
2739:Three Martyrs of Chimbote
2509:Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala
2474:
2239:
2206:
2008:
1950:
1837:
1805:
1722:
1684:Mother of God (Theotokos)
1674:
1644:
1572:
1494:
1487:The Fourteen Holy Helpers
1442:Basilika Vierzehnheiligen
1354:"Geschichte der Basilika"
934:Two my head are guarding,
840:Basilika Vierzehnheiligen
402:The fourteen saints are:
326:Saint Margaret of Antioch
248:Catherine with the wheel,
68:
58:
48:
28:
23:
16:Group of Christian saints
2885:Joseph (father of Jesus)
2271:Athanasius of Alexandria
2053:Athanasius of Alexandria
1937:Theophanes the Confessor
1917:Paul I of Constantinople
1912:Paphnutius the Confessor
1857:Athanasius the Confessor
1295:. Konecky & Konecky.
1291:Jockle, Clemens (2003).
1255:Eyers, Jonathan (2011).
1036:Mary, help of Christians
936:Two my feet are guiding;
601:(Eustachius, Eustathius)
220:Margaretha mit dem Wurm,
2817:Gregory the Illuminator
2787:Augustine of Canterbury
2336:Dionysius of Alexandria
2251:Alexander of Alexandria
1514:Catherine of Alexandria
1059:"Fourteen Holy Helpers"
940:Two upon my left hand.
938:Two upon my right hand,
487:Catherine of Alexandria
384:Saint Anthony the Great
246:Barbara with the tower,
94:Catherine of Alexandria
2256:Alexander of Jerusalem
1862:Chariton the Confessor
1824:in the Catholic Church
1584:Catholicism portal
1388:10.3201/eid1909.AC1909
1293:Encyclopedia of Saints
1128:: original edition of
951:
946:Two to whom 'tis given
944:Two who o'er me hover,
842:
811:Wolfgang of Regensburg
764:General Roman Calendar
348:General Roman Calendar
228:Katharina mit dem Radl
166:venerated together by
159:
151:
139:
3777:Fourteen Holy Helpers
3687:Fourteen Holy Helpers
3651:Trasilla and Emiliana
2802:Evermode of Ratzeburg
2684:Perpetua and Felicity
2654:Martyrs of Sandomierz
2524:Dismas the Good Thief
2451:Theophilus of Antioch
2421:Maximus the Confessor
2356:Epiphanius of Salamis
2296:Clement of Alexandria
2010:Doctors of the Church
1902:Maximus the Confessor
1689:Immaculate Conception
1063:Christian Iconography
927:
913:Engelbert Humperdinck
900:for the monastery in
838:
779:Anthony the Anchorite
331:As the saints' joint
224:Barbara mit dem Turm,
194:History of veneration
144:Fourteen Holy Helpers
137:
24:Fourteen Holy Helpers
3591:Hiltrude of Liessies
3536:Catherine of Bologna
3531:Bernadette Soubirous
2724:17 Thomasian Martyrs
2534:Four Crowned Martyrs
2456:Victorinus of Pettau
2436:Papias of Hierapolis
2406:Jerome of Stridonium
2371:Gregory of Nazianzus
2341:Dionysius of Corinth
2163:Lawrence of Brindisi
2118:Bernard of Clairvaux
2093:Anselm of Canterbury
2048:Gregory of Nazianzus
1975:Priscilla and Aquila
1872:Edward the Confessor
1331:Kollmorgen, Gregor.
1194:catholicherald.co.uk
1165:1962 typical edition
1159:1 March 2020 at the
1154:1920 typical edition
1150:1884 typical edition
1146:1634 typical edition
1038:. Benziger Brothers.
1005:Lichtenfels, Bavaria
942:Two who warmly cover
888:Depiction in culture
807:Dorothea of Caesarea
772:particular calendars
398:The Auxiliary Saints
240:("Margaret with the
3641:Teresa of the Andes
3521:Angela of the Cross
3483:Zechariah (prophet)
2629:Martyrs of La Rioja
2624:21 Martyrs of Libya
2514:Christina of Persia
2494:Charles de Foucauld
2431:Quadratus of Athens
2391:Ignatius of Antioch
2361:Fulgentius of Ruspe
2311:Cyril of Alexandria
2306:Cyprian of Carthage
2291:Cappadocian Fathers
2188:Hildegard of Bingen
2058:Cyril of Alexandria
1932:Sergius of Radonezh
1694:Perpetual virginity
1554:Margaret the Virgin
680:Margaret of Antioch
300:against fever, and
118:Margaret of Antioch
3682:Four Holy Marshals
3677:Calendar of saints
3646:Teresa of Calcutta
3626:Patricia of Naples
3551:Catherine of Siena
2832:Patrick of Ireland
2754:Vietnamese Martyrs
2644:Martyrs of Otranto
2599:Martyrs of Cajonos
2594:Martyrs of Algeria
2589:Martyrs of Albania
2549:The Holy Innocents
2519:Devasahayam Pillai
2504:Carthusian Martyrs
2446:Polycarp of Smyrna
2401:Isidore of Seville
2386:Hippolytus of Rome
2381:Hilary of Poitiers
2316:Cyril of Jerusalem
2281:Caesarius of Arles
2276:Augustine of Hippo
2178:Thérèse of Lisieux
2173:Catherine of Siena
2123:Hilary of Poitiers
2098:Isidore of Seville
2073:Bede the Venerable
2063:Cyril of Jerusalem
2028:Augustine of Hippo
1942:Pio of Pietrelcina
1907:Michael of Synnada
1311:Saints at a Glance
1177:Mysterii Paschalis
1009:Matthias Grünewald
898:Matthias Grünewald
843:
759:Mysterii Paschalis
750:historical figures
635:For the health of
440:Against headache.
376:Four Holy Marshals
304:against epilepsy.
152:Vierzehn Nothelfer
140:
64:8 August (locally)
3764:
3763:
3756:Saints portal
3707:Miles Christianus
3692:Martyr of charity
3661:Josephine Bakhita
3656:Ubaldesca Taccini
3601:Kateri Tekakwitha
3576:Faustina Kowalska
3566:Eulalia of Mérida
3546:Catherine Labouré
3541:Brigid of Kildare
3368:Baruch ben Neriah
2812:François de Laval
2797:Damien of Molokai
2764:Victor and Corona
2759:Valentine of Rome
2649:Martyrs of Prague
2614:Martyrs of Gorkum
2574:Martyrs of Lübeck
2461:Vincent of Lérins
2441:Peter Chrysologus
2396:Irenaeus of Lyons
2366:Gregory the Great
2351:Ephrem the Syrian
2148:Robert Bellarmine
2143:John of the Cross
2128:Alphonsus Liguori
2103:Peter Chrysologus
2078:Ephrem the Syrian
2043:Basil of Caesarea
2018:Gregory the Great
2000:Seventy disciples
1892:Lazarus Zographos
1877:Francis of Assisi
1747:James of Alphaeus
1704:Marian apparition
1604:
1603:
1596:Saints portal
1390:PMCID: PMC3810937
1380:Emerg Infect Dis.
1265:978-1-4081-3131-2
922:Hansel and Gretel
866:Balthasar Neumann
860:near the town of
858:pilgrimage church
851:vierzehn Heiligen
783:Leonard of Noblac
746:
745:
724:
703:
652:
625:
602:
575:
552:
511:
471:
430:
412:
380:Quirinus of Neuss
353:Pope John Paul II
278:Saint Christopher
259:
258:
162:) are a group of
132:
131:
102:Erasmus of Formia
41:Baden-Württemberg
3789:
3754:
3753:
3752:
3742:
3741:
3621:Narcisa de Jesús
3606:Lucy of Syracuse
3511:Agatha of Sicily
3423:John the Baptist
2669:Maximilian Kolbe
2664:Martyrs of Zenta
2639:Martyrs of Natal
2619:Martyrs of Japan
2609:Martyrs of China
2604:Martyrs of Drina
2539:Gerard of Csanád
2499:Canadian Martyrs
2484:Abda and Abdisho
2426:Melito of Sardis
2416:John of Damascus
2376:Gregory of Nyssa
2261:Ambrose of Milan
2193:Gregory of Narek
2158:Anthony of Padua
2133:Francis de Sales
2068:John of Damascus
1714:Joseph (husband)
1666: →
1662: →
1658: →
1631:
1624:
1617:
1608:
1607:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1582:
1581:
1488:
1479:
1472:
1465:
1456:
1455:
1446:
1438:
1416:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1397:
1391:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1360:on 26 March 2023
1356:. Archived from
1350:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1274:
1268:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1186:
1180:
1173:
1167:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1078:
1067:
1066:
1054:
1039:
1033:
976:
964:
864:was designed by
862:Bad Staffelstein
730:
725:
722:
709:
704:
701:
699:
686:
658:
653:
650:
648:
637:domestic animals
631:
626:
623:
621:
608:
603:
600:
598:
581:
576:
573:
571:
558:
553:
550:
537:
517:
512:
509:
507:
493:
477:
472:
470:(Blase, Blasius)
469:
467:
454:
449:
436:
431:
428:
413:
410:
405:
404:
266:that held their
214:
33:
21:
20:
3797:
3796:
3792:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3767:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3750:
3748:
3736:
3728:
3719:Seven Champions
3712:Church Militant
3702:Athleta Christi
3697:Military saints
3665:
3561:Clare of Assisi
3497:
3433:Judas Barsabbas
3339:
2911:
2841:
2827:Nino of Georgia
2773:
2679:Pedro Calungsod
2634:Martyrs of Laos
2579:Luigi Versiglia
2470:
2411:John Chrysostom
2301:Clement of Rome
2242:
2235:
2202:
2168:Teresa of Ávila
2153:Albertus Magnus
2038:John Chrysostom
2004:
1965:Mary of Bethany
1946:
1852:Anthony of Kiev
1833:
1801:
1752:James the Great
1718:
1670:
1649:
1640:
1635:
1605:
1600:
1590:
1588:
1576:
1568:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1444:
1436:
1425:
1420:
1419:
1409:
1407:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1377:
1373:
1363:
1361:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1337:
1335:
1329:
1325:
1315:
1313:
1304:
1300:
1289:
1285:
1276:
1275:
1271:
1254:
1250:
1238:
1232:
1228:
1221:Washington Post
1213:
1209:
1199:
1197:
1196:. 19 March 2020
1188:
1187:
1183:
1174:
1170:
1161:Wayback Machine
1132:(reproduced in
1123:
1119:
1109:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1087:
1085:
1079:
1070:
1055:
1051:
1046:
1024:
1022:Further reading
987:
980:
977:
968:
965:
956:
950:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
906:Upper Franconia
890:
833:
827:
795:Oswald the King
728:
721:
707:
700:
684:
656:
649:
629:
622:
606:
599:
579:
572:
556:
549:
535:
515:
510:(Christophorus)
508:
491:
475:
468:
452:
434:
427:
409:
400:
339:Pope Nicholas V
306:Saint Pantaleon
260:
252:
249:
247:
245:
235:
230:
226:
222:
196:
69:Notable martyrs
53:Catholic Church
44:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3795:
3785:
3784:
3779:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3758:
3746:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3726:
3724:Virtuous pagan
3721:
3716:
3715:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3507:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3490:
3488:Zechariah (NT)
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3349:
3347:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2921:
2919:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2909:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2851:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2822:Junípero Serra
2819:
2814:
2809:
2807:Francis Xavier
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2783:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2749:Uganda Martyrs
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2719:Titus Brandsma
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2694:Pietro Parenzo
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2564:Korean Martyrs
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2489:Boris and Gleb
2486:
2480:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2331:Desert Mothers
2328:
2326:Desert Fathers
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2247:
2245:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2138:Peter Canisius
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2083:Thomas Aquinas
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2014:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1970:Mary Magdalene
1967:
1962:
1956:
1954:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1897:Louis Bertrand
1894:
1889:
1884:
1882:Francis Borgia
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1843:
1841:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1817:
1811:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1728:
1726:
1720:
1719:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1709:Titles of Mary
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1680:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1656:Servant of God
1645:
1642:
1641:
1634:
1633:
1626:
1619:
1611:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1586:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1495:
1492:
1491:
1482:
1481:
1474:
1467:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1439:
1431:
1424:
1423:External links
1421:
1418:
1417:
1392:
1371:
1345:
1323:
1298:
1283:
1269:
1248:
1226:
1207:
1181:
1168:
1117:
1095:
1068:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1012:
1003:– an abbey in
1001:Langheim Abbey
998:
995:Czech Republic
986:
983:
982:
981:
978:
971:
969:
966:
959:
955:
952:
928:
889:
886:
829:Main article:
826:
823:
799:Pope Sixtus II
744:
743:
732:
726:
715:
714:
711:
705:
692:
691:
688:
682:
676:
675:
660:
654:
641:
640:
633:
627:
614:
613:
610:
604:
591:
590:
583:
577:
564:
563:
560:
554:
543:
542:
539:
533:
527:
526:
523:bubonic plague
519:
513:
500:
499:
495:
489:
483:
482:
479:
473:
460:
459:
456:
450:
442:
441:
438:
432:
421:
420:
417:
414:
399:
396:
388:Pope Cornelius
310:Saint Cyriacus
257:
256:
238:
236:
217:
212:
208:virgin martyrs
195:
192:
184:bubonic plague
170:because their
130:
129:
70:
66:
65:
62:
56:
55:
50:
46:
45:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3794:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3774:
3772:
3757:
3747:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3734:
3731:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3611:Maria Goretti
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3516:Agnes of Rome
3514:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3342:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2844:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2776:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2729:Thomas Becket
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2554:Irish Martyrs
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
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3686:
3636:Rose of Lima
3130:John Paul II
2960:Anastasius I
2930:Adeodatus II
2904:
2779:Missionaries
2689:Peter Chanel
2674:Óscar Romero
2569:Lorenzo Ruiz
2544:Great Martyr
2113:Peter Damian
1922:Peter Claver
1652:canonization
1485:
1408:. Retrieved
1404:
1395:
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1362:. Retrieved
1358:the original
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1126:Roman Missal
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1098:
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1062:
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766:, none were
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609:20 September
401:
392:Saint Hubert
373:
332:
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290:Saint Blaise
276:
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172:intercession
143:
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49:Venerated in
37:Michaelsberg
18:
3596:Joan of Arc
3526:Æthelthryth
3443:Melchizedek
3305:Telesphorus
3295:Sylvester I
3180:Marcellus I
3175:Marcellinus
3095:Gregory VII
3090:Gregory III
3005:Celestine V
3000:Celestine I
2995:Callixtus I
2985:Boniface IV
2975:Benedict II
2950:Alexander I
2925:Adeodatus I
2744:Ulma Family
2734:Thomas More
2584:Martyrology
2559:John Fisher
2208:Evangelists
2088:Bonaventure
1742:Bartholomew
1676:Virgin Mary
1519:Christopher
1445:(in German)
1437:(in German)
1364:14 November
1130:Pope Pius V
917:fairy opera
902:Lichtenfels
819:Virgin Mary
768:decanonized
659:1 September
551:(Dionysius)
505:Christopher
494:25 November
411:(Alternate)
357:Joan of Arc
343:indulgences
314:Saint Giles
302:Saint Vitus
286:Saint Denis
282:Saint Giles
204:Black Death
188:Black Death
86:Christopher
3771:Categories
3330:Zephyrinus
3290:Stephen IV
3275:Sixtus III
3255:Simplicius
3200:Nicholas I
3125:John XXIII
3115:Innocent I
3085:Gregory II
3075:Gelasius I
2980:Boniface I
2940:Agapetus I
2935:Adrian III
2906:Matriarchs
2847:Patriarchs
2466:Zephyrinus
1839:Confessors
1807:Archangels
1699:Assumption
1650:Stages of
1410:5 November
1338:5 December
1316:6 November
1110:5 November
1088:6 November
1044:References
894:altarpiece
881:Cistercian
873:Cistercian
672:confession
651:(Aegidius)
624:(Georgius)
587:intestinal
478:3 February
455:4 December
419:Patronage
294:Saint Elmo
3586:Genevieve
3493:Zephaniah
3300:Symmachus
3285:Stephen I
3270:Sixtus II
3250:Silverius
3245:Sergius I
3205:Paschal I
3195:Miltiades
3105:Hormisdas
3080:Gregory I
3065:Felix III
3050:Evaristus
3045:Eutychian
3030:Eleuterus
3025:Dionysius
3020:Damasus I
3015:Cornelius
3010:Clement I
2955:Anacletus
2699:Philomena
2346:Dionysius
2321:Damasus I
2266:Anatolius
1952:Disciples
1887:Homobonus
1847:Anatolius
1660:Venerable
1559:Pantaleon
803:Apollonia
791:Sebastian
697:Pantaleon
559:9 October
429:(Acacius)
416:Feast day
341:attached
264:monastery
200:Rhineland
180:Rhineland
176:Nothelfer
168:Catholics
122:Pantaleon
43:, Germany
3670:See also
3571:Euphemia
3408:Jeremiah
3388:Habakkuk
3345:Prophets
3320:Vitalian
3315:Victor I
3265:Sixtus I
3260:Siricius
3190:Martin I
3170:Lucius I
3135:Julius I
3100:Hilarius
3070:Felix IV
3040:Eusebius
3035:Eugene I
2965:Anicetus
2837:Remigius
2792:Boniface
2198:Irenaeus
1980:Silvanus
1927:Salonius
1772:Matthias
1737:Barnabas
1724:Apostles
1524:Cyriacus
1200:6 August
1157:Archived
985:See also
787:Nicholas
736:epilepsy
734:Against
668:epilepsy
662:Against
632:23 April
585:Against
538:8 August
531:Cyriacus
521:Against
425:Agathius
367:and the
242:lindworm
90:Cyriacus
3631:Rosalia
3556:Cecilia
3503:Virgins
3463:Obadiah
3438:Malachi
3383:Ezekiel
3335:Zosimus
3325:Zachary
3310:Urban I
3240:Pontian
3215:Paul VI
3150:Leo III
3110:Hyginus
3060:Felix I
2970:Anterus
2900:Solomon
2865:Abraham
2709:Stephen
2476:Martyrs
2243:Fathers
2216:Matthew
2023:Ambrose
1990:Timothy
1985:Stephen
1960:Apollos
1867:Dominic
1829:Raphael
1822:
1820:Michael
1815:Gabriel
1767:Matthew
1664:Blessed
1539:Eustace
1504:Barbara
1499:Acacius
954:Gallery
849:as the
847:Bavaria
754:legends
731:15 June
710:27 July
687:17 July
596:Eustace
569:Erasmus
518:25 July
447:Barbara
272:martyrs
106:Eustace
78:Barbara
74:Acacius
72:Saints
3478:Simeon
3468:Samuel
3403:Isaiah
3393:Haggai
3378:Elijah
3353:Agabus
3235:Pius X
3230:Pius V
3225:Pius I
3210:Paul I
3160:Leo IX
3155:Leo IV
3145:Leo II
3120:John I
3055:Fabian
2945:Agatho
2880:Joseph
2241:Church
2033:Jerome
1797:Thomas
1787:Philip
1732:Andrew
1544:George
1509:Blaise
1263:
1140:
1007:where
855:Rococo
740:chorea
664:plague
619:George
582:2 June
574:(Elmo)
465:Blaise
390:, and
363:, the
334:cultus
322:George
268:relics
254:
164:saints
148:German
124:, and
110:George
82:Blaise
3458:Nahum
3453:Moses
3448:Micah
3428:Jonah
3398:Hosea
3373:David
3280:Soter
3220:Peter
3165:Linus
3140:Leo I
2990:Caius
2917:Popes
2890:David
2875:Jacob
2870:Isaac
2286:Caius
1995:Titus
1792:Simon
1782:Peter
1668:Saint
1564:Vitus
1549:Giles
1529:Denis
723:(Guy)
719:Vitus
646:Giles
547:Denis
437:7 May
408:Name
156:Latin
126:Vitus
114:Giles
98:Denis
60:Feast
3418:Joel
3363:Anna
3358:Amos
3185:Mark
2895:Noah
2860:Abel
2855:Adam
2231:John
2226:Luke
2221:Mark
1777:Paul
1762:Jude
1757:John
1534:Elmo
1412:2007
1366:2022
1340:2023
1318:2007
1261:ISBN
1202:2022
1175:See
1138:ISBN
1124:See
1112:2007
1090:2007
879:The
815:Roch
280:and
142:The
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1384:doi
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915:'s
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896:by
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