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typically refill an individual pen many tens of times. Simpler fountain pens use pre-filled ink cartridges, although in many cases the cartridge can be replaced with a converter which replicates the mechanical filling action of more expensive pens. The cost per millilitre of ink tends to be lower for bottled ink than for cartridges, while cartridges can be simpler to use.
275:
The recent resurgence in fountain pen use has also created a market for companies that specialize in ink, such as the
British company Diamine, the German company De Atramentis, and American companies such as Private Reserve Ink and Noodler's Ink. These companies manufacture ink in dozens of
304:
fibers that make up the paper and are unaffected by attempts to remove them with solvents. Other inks use dyes that chemically bond with the paper's cellulose, and which likewise resist removal by solvents. A disadvantage of the dye inks is that, if spilled, they will form irremovable stains on
197:
Fountain pens carry ink within the barrel, traditionally either inserted at one end in bulk with a syringe or eyedropper pipette, or through a mechanical filling system built into the pen (such as a piston or vacuum-pump mechanism). For such fountain pens, ink is available in bottles which will
116:
Iron gall ink was used in fountain pens when they were invented but has the disadvantage of causing corrosion to metal parts. Modern formulations of iron gall ink are somewhat less corrosive and are still occasionally used in applications that require permanence.
167:
Some users mix inks to create their own colours. Some combinations of inks may cause unexpected colour changes, even if the inks are from the same manufacturer. This is a result of chemical reactions between the different components. The colour of many dyes
164:/m), but the desirable value for ink is between 38 and 45 dyn/cm (38 to 45 × 10 N/m). If the ink's surface tension were too high, then it would not flow through the pen; if it were too low, then the ink would run out of the pen with less control.
276:
different colours. Some companies that specialize in ink, like
Noodler's and Private Reserve Ink, have also created ink with special properties, like glow in the dark, waterproofing, highlighting and indestructible (document) inks.
97:
use pigments that are very finely ground to reduce the chance of clogging. They have the advantage of being waterproof and are used by artists who want to draw lines that will not be affected by a watercolour wash.
101:
The ideal fountain pen ink is free-flowing, free of sediment, and non-corrosive. These qualities may be compromised in the interests of permanence, manufacturability and in order to use some widely available dyes.
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of some dye components; for example, an alcohol-based ink may contain components that are insoluble in water, and these will precipitate or coagulate if the alcohol-based ink is mixed with a water-based ink.
292:
In the late 20th century, particular attention has been paid by ink manufacturers to the durability of their products against the effects of time, light, moisture, and efforts at forgery or falsification
109:. This blue-black ink is made from iron salts and tannic acid from vegetable sources. Prior to the ready availability of manufactured ink, iron gall ink was often homemade.
90:, a carbon pigment-based ink, also contains a binder, gum arabic, which can quickly clog such pens. Some pigmented inks do exist for fountain pens, but these
113:
was one iron gall ink recipe, named after the
Scottish chemist who devised it after spending several decades experimenting with hundreds of formulations.
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clothing made from cotton, which also contains cellulose. Also, some "secure" inks are vulnerable to removal using powerful infra-red lasers.
879:
347:
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Noodler's Black fountain pen ink writing samples. This is a 'bulletproof' permanent ink featuring cellulose-reactive dye.
86:-based inks (which contain solid pigment particles in a liquid suspension) tend to clog the narrow passages of the pen.
794:
17:
321:
185:
70:
Blot of Quink ink on damp paper – the blue dye has separated from the other components, which are peach-coloured
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136:. Black inks are mixtures. In addition to water, the non-dye components (collectively referred to as the
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172:, and some lose their colour entirely outside a certain pH range. Mixing inks may also alter the
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agents, biocides to prevent fungal and bacterial growth, and wetting agents (
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Most fountain pen manufacturers also provide a brand of ink. For example,
205:, as this material can become stained by long-term exposure to some inks.
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Care must be taken when using some vintage pens manufactured from
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T 10 proprietary ink cartridge and Z 27 and Z 28 ink converters
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sell ink under the same branding as their fountain pens.
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A form of ink that predates fountain pens by centuries is
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78:-based because fountain pens operate on the principle of
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of the ink; distilled water has a surface tension of 72
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388:
260:, Birmingham Pen Company, Thornton's Luxury Goods,
240:sells "Iroshizuku", Wancher sells "Silk Road", and
36:A two-imperial-fluid-ounce (57 ml) bottle of
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144:to retard premature drying, pH modifiers,
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417:. Royal Society of Chemistry. March 2003.
395:. Banks Law Publishing Company. pp.
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244:sells "Skrip", while manufacturers like
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348:"Inks: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly"
74:Fountain pen ink is almost exclusively
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522:
421:
322:Fountain pen inks aren't all the same
880:List of types, brands and companies
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345:
140:) might include polymeric resins,
27:Writing material for fountain pens
25:
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128:Red inks usually contain the dye
208:
480:"Let the Fountain Pen Ink Flow"
334:A Few Notes About Fountain Pens
472:
458:"Discoloration and its causes"
449:
403:
389:Carvalho, David Nunes (1904).
382:
370:
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315:
217:A range of different coloured
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13:
1:
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224:inks for sale in Tokyo, 2019
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10:
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460:. The Vintage Pens Website
152:). Surfactants reduce the
132:. Blue inks often contain
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777:
737:
689:
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503:"Making ink bulletproof"
379:. Retrieved 2011-02-16.
336:. Retrieved 2011-02-20.
280:Durability and security
392:Forty Centuries of Ink
289:
225:
194:
125:
71:
54:intended for use with
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785:Ballpoint pen artwork
377:Richard Binder on Ink
352:Richard Binder's Pens
324:Retrieved 2011-02-20.
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216:
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123:
69:
35:
800:Birmingham pen trade
795:Counterfeit banknote
189:Top to bottom: blue
790:Ballpoint pen knife
511:. 10 December 2009.
486:. 26 December 2018.
358:on 31 December 2016
124:Bottle of green ink
484:The New York Times
456:Nishimura, David.
435:"Fountain Pen Ink"
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268:, Montegrappa and
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134:triarylmethane dye
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72:
45:
42:Parker Pen Company
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890:Mechanical pencil
346:Binder, Richard.
50:is a water-based
18:Fountain pen inks
16:(Redirected from
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80:capillary action
48:Fountain pen ink
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415:Chemistry World
411:"Ink chemistry"
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209:Manufacturers
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170:depends on pH
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160:/cm (72 × 10
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832:Pen spinning
827:Pen painting
752:Fountain pen
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579:Demonstrator
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462:. Retrieved
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439:. Retrieved
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360:. Retrieved
356:the original
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146:anti-foaming
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93:nanoparticle
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853:Calligraphy
702:Ink blotter
619:highlighter
150:surfactants
111:Stark's ink
62:Composition
858:Cartooning
822:Penmanship
805:Pen Museum
661:Rollerball
464:25 January
441:25 January
309:References
266:Koh-i-Noor
222:Iroshizuku
174:solubility
142:humectants
873:Lettering
837:Retipping
762:Iron gall
747:Alizarine
681:Technical
629:permanent
614:dry erase
569:Ballpoint
302:cellulose
270:Montblanc
203:celluloid
88:India ink
912:Category
724:Penknife
717:flex nib
594:Fountain
246:Waterman
242:Sheaffer
181:Delivery
897:Narayam
846:Related
817:Pen gun
767:Stark's
707:Inkwell
651:Rastrum
584:Digital
362:26 July
258:Pelikan
232:sells "
138:vehicle
84:Pigment
885:Pencil
868:Inking
863:Comics
729:Pounce
676:Stylus
666:Ruling
609:Marker
564:Active
262:Kaweco
230:Parker
778:Other
757:India
646:Quill
641:Qalam
624:paint
604:Light
574:Brush
557:Types
238:Pilot
234:Quink
219:Pilot
130:eosin
38:Quink
918:Inks
739:Inks
671:Skin
656:Reed
550:Pens
466:2013
443:2013
364:2016
295:see
254:Hero
250:Lamy
191:Lamy
95:inks
712:Nib
599:Gel
589:Dip
397:122
236:",
158:dyn
76:dye
52:ink
914::
634:UV
505:.
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