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142:. This ink was highly alkaline and while water-based, also included a substantial amount of isopropyl alcohol. It was released in 1941 as "51" ink, along with the Parker 51 pen; in 1947 it was made somewhat less corrosive, and renamed "Superchrome". Parker was careful to print prominent warnings on caps, labels, and boxes that the ink could only be used in the 51 (and, later, its economy version, the 21), and would damage any other pen.
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name "Double Quink". By all evidence, Double Quink was not advertised to the general public, and the name was dropped once the 51 went on general sale. Actual surviving examples of Double Quink bottles would appear to be vanishingly rare: not a single photo appears in the
Shepherds' authoritative and officially-sponsored Parker 51 monograph, despite the researchers' access to Parker's own archives as well as collections worldwide.
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The use of fountain pens gradually decreased during the second half of the 20th century. Many collectors and enthusiasts continue to use the Parker 51 pen in the 21st century, with a limited edition of the model (available in two colors, "Vista Blue" and black) released by Parker in 2002. As part of
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The success of Quink lay in its useful features: it had the desired quality of ink flow, it resisted water and molding, it was non-corrosive, and it was claimed to be quick-drying. From the beginning it was advertised as containing a "secret" additive which purportedly dissolved sediment and reduced
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Prior to the full public introduction of the Parker 51 in 1941, selected market testing of the new pen was carried out, starting in 1939. Since the 51 and its special ink had been designed together as a complete system, the new ink was given limited release in tandem with the market tests under the
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in New York from 1918 to 1921, receiving his Ph.D. from
Columbia in 1921. He returned to the Philippines to teach as Professor of Industrial Chemistry at the University of the Philippines from 1922 to 1934. In 1923, he started the Quisumbing Ink Products company, and in 1934, founded the Quisumbing
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In 1928, under the direction of
Kenneth Parker, the Parker Pen Company set out to develop a new and improved fountain pen ink. Inferior inks had long been the main cause of clogged fountain pens, yet popular ink formulations had remained unchanged in decades. Research for the project was initially
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There was a company called
Quisumbing Ink Products in the Philippines, unconnected to Parker, founded by a chemical engineer named Francisco A. Quisumbing. The milestones of Quisumbing's documented career are close enough to those recounted in the apocryphal accounts that it is probable that they
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Quink was heavily advertised, and an immediate success. According to
Kenneth Parker's personal journal, Quink production began on March 17, 1931, and $ 89,000 worth had been shipped by October 22—more than twice the company's expectations and an excellent return on the $ 68,000 spent on its
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outsourced to Miner
Laboratories of Chicago. In August 1930 one of the lead chemists, Galen Sayler, was hired directly and put to work in a small laboratory at company headquarters in Janesville, Wisconsin.
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A popular misconception is that the ink was invented by a
Filipino, Francisco Quisumbing, and takes its name from 'Quisumbing Ink'. Although this apocryphal tale appears on numerous websites, no
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refer, with differing degrees of accuracy, to the same man. The real
Francisco A. Quisumbing was born in 1893 and received his B. Agr. in 1914 and his M. S. in 1918, both from the
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According to fountain pen enthusiasts, Parker Quink is generally considered to be "safe fountain pen ink"; this means that it should not stain or clog fountain pens very easily.
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was already under development and was in full production by 1933. Vacumatics held their ink supply directly within their celluloid barrels, so Quink was formulated accordingly.
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School of
Technology. According to a book published in 1960, Quisumbing inks then enjoyed an exclusive contract to supply all branches of the Philippine government.
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development. Quink was introduced as a general-purpose ink, safe for use in all fountain pens. It remains in production, with minor changes in formulation.
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in 1923. What biographical information that can be found is incomplete and unreliable. There is no indication that such a person ever worked for Parker.
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Quink was later manufactured in the
Philippines under license from Parker, and the bottles were labelled accordingly.
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Geoffrey Parker, David Shepherd, Dan Zazove. "Parker Vacumatic". Surrenden Pens Ltd., Brighton, UK, 2008, pp. 246-48
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Geoffrey Parker, David Shepherd, Dan Zazove. "Parker Vacumatic". Surrenden Pens Ltd., Brighton, UK, 2008, pp. 248-9
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MartĂn-Gil J, Ramos-Sánchez MC, MartĂn-Gil FJ and JosĂ©-Yacamán M. Chemical composition of a fountain pen ink.
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the 2002 product revival, Parker promoted its quick-drying ink as the ideal accompaniment for the Parker 51.
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Quink is not to be confused with two iterations of a special ink formulated exclusively for use in the
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Jonathan A. Veley. "American Writing Instrument Trademarks 1870-1953". Walsworth, 2017, p. 184
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David and Mark Shepherd. "Parker '51'". Surrenden Pens Ltd., Brighton, UK, 2004, p. 102
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Paul R. Versoza. "Forensic Chemistry of Ink in Documentary Investigation". 1960, p.22
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and the US, gaining a PhD in Plant Taxonomy, Systematics and Morphology from the
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222:"Ink for vintage parker 51 (Quink box photos, showing the Philippines labelling"
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For the hypothetical family of elementary particles of the same name, see
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clogging. In 1942 this additive was given the trademarked name "Solv-X".
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is ever cited. The accounts uniformly identify the supposed inventor as
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was Parker's flagship line, but the Duofold's successor, the
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202:"Who's Who in the Philippines". Volume 1, 1937, pp. 128-9.
99:. He was a Fellow of the University of the Philippines at
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369:Fountain Pen History: Quink, and Superchrome Ink
358:Glenn's Pen Page: About Fountain Pen Ink: Parker
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83:, a Filipino botanist who studied in both the
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30:Parker Quink bottle with SOLV-X notation
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365:about superchrome and other Parker inks
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285:"A Few Thoughts On Fountain Pen Inks"
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394:Fountain pen and ink manufacturers
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314:Ernesto M. Soler (2004–2008).
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345:Journal of Chemical Education
291:. Pendemonium. Archived from
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41:from 'quick' and 'ink') is a
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283:Pendemonium (1995–2012).
119:Quink Blot on damp paper
320:The Parker "51" Website
16:Parker fountain pen ink
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158:Quink cartridges in a
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89:University of Chicago
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150:Twenty-first century
81:Francisco Quisumbing
71:Francisco Quisumbing
347:, 2006, 83, 1476–78
101:Columbia University
389:Writing implements
322:. Ernesto M. Soler
261:"Parker Vacumatic"
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47:Parker Pen Company
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259:David Nishimura.
244:David Nishimura.
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289:Pendemonium
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384:Ink brands
378:Categories
363:discussion
173:References
53:Background
140:Parker 51
133:Vacumatic
316:"Parker"
111:Features
338:Sources
224:. 2009.
129:Duofold
62:History
326:9 June
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35:Quink
21:preon
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