26:
whose recipes were widely available in the 19th century. People often made their own ink before commercially available ink was inexpensively and easily obtainable. James Stark was a chemist during the 19th century who experimented with ink recipes for 23 years. He tested 229 recipes for their
92:
The ink can be made without the sulfate of indigo, which will make it considerably less expensive yet more archival. Without it, the ink will appear pale initially then quickly blacken as it dries. The ink is very permanent and waterproof.
27:
durability on various kinds of paper to find the most stable iron gall ink recipe. He submitted his findings in 1855 to the
Society of Arts in Edinburgh, Scotland. This recipe was the one he personally used.
122:
193:
85:
The addition of the sulfate of indigo renders the ink less stable on the page and prone to premature browning over time, but less liable to
569:
41:, published in 1881. It is not in common use now, though the preparation of inks with similar methods was common at one time.
153:
138:
484:
132:
557:
230:
203:
167:
474:
489:
418:
37:
8:
479:
194:
Forty
Centuries of Ink by David N. Carvalho - chapter XIII & XVI (World Wide School)
223:
89:
in the inkwell. It is blue when first written with, but soon becomes an intense black.
579:
128:
441:
318:
268:
386:
350:
607:
601:
501:
451:
436:
370:
258:
216:
102:
86:
521:
516:
391:
313:
283:
542:
308:
273:
547:
511:
494:
355:
303:
298:
253:
199:
The Iron Gall Ink
Website (previously called the Ink Corrosion Website)
188:
71:
59:
562:
526:
446:
401:
323:
293:
413:
406:
360:
345:
183:
65:
586:
506:
396:
340:
288:
278:
263:
55:
574:
552:
365:
189:
Forty
Centuries of Ink by David N. Carvalho (Project Gutenberg)
198:
335:
330:
77:
204:
Open-Ink Wiki -- Stark's Iron Gall Ink Recipe by
Fiberdrunk
49:
428:
239:
23:
208:
45:
Recipe for one imperial gallon (4.5 L) of ink:
599:
224:
35:This iron gall ink recipe is taken from the
38:Household Cyclopedia of General Information
231:
217:
120:
22:is one of a number of types of homemade
154:"Forty Centuries of Ink -- Chapter XVI"
127:. Middlesex: Echo Library. p. 80.
600:
212:
124:Forty Centuries of Ink - Chapter XIII
70:4 to 6 ounces (110 to 170 g) of
151:
570:List of types, brands and companies
13:
14:
619:
177:
160:
145:
114:
1:
108:
48:12 ounces (340 g), nut-
7:
96:
10:
624:
535:
467:
427:
379:
246:
121:Carvalho, David (2007) .
30:
238:
64:8 ounces (230 g),
54:8 ounces (230 g),
475:Ballpoint pen artwork
490:Birmingham pen trade
485:Counterfeit banknote
156:. World Wide School.
16:Type of homemade ink
480:Ballpoint pen knife
595:
594:
580:Mechanical pencil
152:Carvalho, David.
615:
233:
226:
219:
210:
209:
172:
171:
164:
158:
157:
149:
143:
142:
137:. Archived from
118:
623:
622:
618:
617:
616:
614:
613:
612:
598:
597:
596:
591:
531:
463:
423:
380:Parts and tools
375:
242:
237:
180:
175:
168:"Open-Ink Wiki"
166:
165:
161:
150:
146:
135:
119:
115:
111:
99:
33:
17:
12:
11:
5:
621:
611:
610:
593:
592:
590:
589:
584:
583:
582:
572:
567:
566:
565:
560:
550:
545:
539:
537:
533:
532:
530:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
498:
497:
487:
482:
477:
471:
469:
465:
464:
462:
461:
460:
459:
449:
444:
439:
433:
431:
425:
424:
422:
421:
416:
411:
410:
409:
399:
394:
389:
387:Blotting paper
383:
381:
377:
376:
374:
373:
368:
363:
358:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
328:
327:
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
296:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
250:
248:
244:
243:
236:
235:
228:
221:
213:
207:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
179:
178:External links
176:
174:
173:
159:
144:
141:on 2003-06-26.
133:
112:
110:
107:
106:
105:
98:
95:
83:
82:
81:
80:
74:
68:
62:
52:
32:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
620:
609:
606:
605:
603:
588:
585:
581:
578:
577:
576:
573:
571:
568:
564:
561:
559:
556:
555:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
540:
538:
534:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
502:Pen computing
500:
496:
493:
492:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
472:
470:
466:
458:
455:
454:
453:
450:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
434:
432:
430:
426:
420:
417:
415:
412:
408:
405:
404:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
384:
382:
378:
372:
369:
367:
364:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
301:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
251:
249:
245:
241:
234:
229:
227:
222:
220:
215:
214:
211:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
181:
169:
163:
155:
148:
140:
136:
134:9781406844139
130:
126:
125:
117:
113:
104:
103:Iron gall ink
101:
100:
94:
90:
88:
79:
75:
73:
69:
67:
63:
61:
57:
53:
51:
47:
46:
44:
43:
42:
40:
39:
28:
25:
21:
522:Pen spinning
517:Pen painting
456:
442:Fountain pen
269:Demonstrator
162:
147:
139:the original
123:
116:
91:
84:
36:
34:
19:
18:
543:Calligraphy
392:Ink blotter
309:highlighter
20:Stark's ink
548:Cartooning
512:Penmanship
495:Pen Museum
351:Rollerball
109:References
72:gum arabic
563:Lettering
527:Retipping
452:Iron gall
437:Alizarine
371:Technical
319:permanent
304:dry erase
259:Ballpoint
602:Category
414:Penknife
407:flex nib
284:Fountain
97:See also
66:copperas
587:Narayam
536:Related
507:Pen gun
457:Stark's
397:Inkwell
341:Rastrum
274:Digital
56:sulfate
575:Pencil
558:Inking
553:Comics
419:Pounce
366:Stylus
356:Ruling
299:Marker
254:Active
184:Source
131:
78:cloves
76:A few
60:indigo
31:Recipe
468:Other
447:India
336:Quill
331:Qalam
314:paint
294:Light
264:Brush
247:Types
87:mould
50:galls
608:Inks
429:Inks
361:Skin
346:Reed
240:Pens
129:ISBN
24:inks
402:Nib
289:Gel
279:Dip
58:of
604::
324:UV
232:e
225:t
218:v
170:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.