287:
910:
2812:
2520:
476:
52:
134:
924:
607:
687:
514:
40:
752:
A vin de liqueur is a sweet fortified style of French wine that is fortified by adding brandy to unfermented grape must. The term vin de liqueur is also used by the
European Union to refer to all fortified wines. Vins de liqueur take greater flavour from the added brandy but are also sweeter than vin
811:
These wines continue to be associated with the homeless, mainly because marketers have been aggressive in targeting low-income communities as ideal consumers of these beverages; organisations in cities such as Los
Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle, and Portland have urged makers of inexpensive
222:
to the yeast and stalls its metabolism. If fermentation is allowed to run to completion, the resulting wine is (in most cases) low in sugar and is considered a dry wine. Adding alcohol earlier in the fermentation process results in a sweeter wine. For drier fortified wine styles, such as
327:
that is available in both fortified and unfortified versions. It was first produced in 1772 by an
English merchant, John Woodhouse, as an inexpensive substitute for sherry and port, and gets its name from the island's port,
1007:
Exactly when stronger wines or spirits began to be added to wine to preserve it is lost to history, but it worked — and fortified wine was born. History does record how the fortified wines Port and
Madeira came to
308:
more usually consumed with dessert. Madeira is deliberately heated and oxidised as part of its maturation process, resulting in distinctive flavours and an unusually long lifespan once a bottle is opened.
238:), a naturally high level of sugar inhibits the yeast, or the rising alcohol content due to the high sugar kills the yeast. This causes fermentation to stop before the wine can become dry.
824:
to prohibit the sale of certain alcohol products in an impoverished "Alcohol Impact Area." Among the products sought to be banned were over two dozen beers, and six fortified wines:
1658:
171:
laws may dictate the types of spirit that are permitted for fortification. For example, in the U.S. only spirits made from the same fruit as the wine may be added.
348:, which is at least 18%, and aged at least two years. The unfortified Marsala wine is aged in wooden casks for five years or more and reaches a strength of 18% by
738:. The Grenache vins doux naturels can be made in an oxidised or unoxidised style whereas the Muscat wines are protected from oxidation to retain their freshness.
427:). The addition of alcohol stops the fermentation and, as a consequence Mistelle is sweeter than fully fermented grape juice in which the sugars turn to alcohol.
152:. Even though other preservation methods now exist, fortification continues to be used because the process can add distinct flavors to the finished product.
898:, with Total Alcoholic Strength of no less than 17.5%, and that meets many additional criteria. Exemptions are allowed for certain quality liqueur wines.
828:, Gino's Premium Blend, MD 20/20, Night Train, Thunderbird, and Wild Irish Rose. The Liquor Control Board approved these restrictions on 30 August 2006.
577:. Because the fortification takes place after fermentation, most sherries are initially dry, with any sweetness being added later. In contrast,
1245:
581:(for example) is fortified halfway through its fermentation, which stops the process so that not all of the sugar is turned into alcohol.
272:, sun-dried and aged in oak barrels. Recent developments have produced different styles of Commandaria, some of which are not fortified.
855:. Although rice wine is not made from grapes, it has a similar alcohol content to grape wine, and the addition of the distilled spirit,
2854:
1759:
637:. Some vermouth is sweetened. Unsweetened or dry vermouth tends to be bitter. The person credited with the second vermouth recipe,
2746:
617:
Vermouth is a fortified wine flavoured with aromatic herbs and spices ("aromatised" in the trade) using closely guarded recipes (
1324:
1463:
730:, can be made from red or white grapes. Regardless of the grape, fermentation is stopped by the addition of up to 10% of a 190
1566:
1702:
1668:
1440:
1406:
1184:
1144:
821:
218:
continue to convert sugar into alcohol until the must reaches an alcohol level of 16–18%. At this level, the alcohol becomes
2568:
550:; therefore, all wine labelled as "sherry" must legally come from the Sherry Triangle, which is an area in the province of
17:
174:
The source of the additional alcohol and the method of its distillation can affect the flavour of the fortified wine. If
1725:
672:. The herbs were originally used to mask raw flavours of cheaper wines, imparting a slightly medicinal "tonic" flavor.
1830:
1531:
1498:
1430:
1308:
1221:
1036:
993:
966:
1692:
1805:
1134:
703:
645:, Italy, chose to name his concoction "vermouth" in 1786 because he was inspired by a German wine flavoured with
547:
2119:
2892:
2847:
2286:
1602:
300:. The wine is produced in a variety of styles ranging from dry wines which can be consumed on their own as an
2772:
1660:
A Companion to
California Wine: An Encyclopedia of Wine and Winemaking from the Mission Period to the Present
1396:
1377:
155:
Although grape brandy is most commonly added to produce fortified wines, the additional alcohol may also be
2777:
563:
2697:
2664:
2493:
2840:
2787:
2677:
1607:
638:
446:
4766:
2907:
2782:
2561:
2503:
2432:
2324:
1925:
1908:
793:
707:
3044:
559:
458:
4787:
2672:
2045:
1881:
1052:
695:
33:
1378:"The Truth About Vermouth: The secret ingredient in today's top cocktails remains misunderstood"
798:
Inexpensive fortified wines, such as
Thunderbird and Wild Irish Rose, became popular during the
442:
286:
4243:
2992:
2535:
2458:
1903:
1249:
3126:
1523:
1176:
1026:
201:
behind. The result is a wine that is both sweeter and stronger, normally containing about 20%
2922:
2473:
2242:
1886:
813:
4792:
2997:
2912:
2124:
1876:
765:
711:
646:
555:
525:
450:
416:
209:
175:
156:
4652:
8:
3019:
3007:
2702:
2654:
2554:
1798:
570:
420:
373:
190:
3427:
2104:
1742:
1467:
551:
3447:
2917:
2863:
2692:
2197:
1548:
816:, to stop providing such products to liquor stores in impoverished areas. In 2005, the
610:
72:
4722:
4717:
4572:
4333:
4477:
4460:
4010:
3797:
3737:
2927:
2646:
2593:
2177:
1915:
1698:
1664:
1527:
1516:
1494:
1436:
1402:
1328:
1304:
1298:
1227:
1217:
1180:
1169:
1140:
1032:
989:
962:
777:
377:
231:
202:
2114:
1754:
1597:
584:
Sherry is produced in a variety of styles, ranging from dry, light versions such as
4562:
4381:
4355:
4110:
3990:
2945:
2437:
2364:
2227:
2129:
1574:
871:, etc., to the rice wine, bears similarity to the above-mentioned fortified wines.
799:
757:
681:
381:
361:
179:
87:
1748:
1103:
524:
Sherry is a fortified wine made from white grapes that are grown near the town of
4120:
4094:
4025:
4000:
3965:
3914:
3854:
3437:
2902:
2897:
2792:
2613:
2530:
2316:
2144:
2079:
2022:
1985:
1865:
1629:
1350:
983:
937:
884:
731:
656:. Wine flavoured with wormwood goes back to ancient Rome. The modern German word
488:
297:
119:
461:, the founder of the oldest table wine company in Portugal dating back to 1834.
4435:
4268:
4233:
4045:
3904:
2682:
2631:
2585:
2442:
2414:
2389:
2310:
2299:
2294:
2192:
2159:
1953:
1920:
1896:
1791:
1272:
1078:
891:
808:
was coined during this period to describe impoverished alcoholics of the time.
747:
727:
694:
Vins doux naturels (VDN) are lightly fortified wines typically made from white
389:
198:
2687:
436:
4781:
4657:
4517:
4223:
4070:
3970:
3960:
3864:
3772:
3752:
3660:
3442:
2811:
2712:
2621:
2519:
2427:
2422:
2099:
1891:
929:
909:
529:
4637:
1726:"Council Regulation (EC) No 479/2008; Annex IV, §3 (European Union document"
1231:
227:, the alcohol is added shortly before or after the end of the fermentation.
4369:
4005:
3924:
3909:
3792:
3226:
3116:
3111:
3002:
2987:
2498:
2089:
2027:
2017:
1970:
880:
825:
735:
650:
618:
404:
399:"mix") is sometimes used as an ingredient in fortified wines, particularly
318:
290:
281:
194:
111:
107:
4592:
4567:
4415:
3141:
2247:
4522:
4283:
4258:
4203:
4125:
4105:
4075:
3605:
3585:
3555:
3492:
3362:
3302:
3266:
3216:
3186:
3176:
3101:
3091:
3081:
3076:
2950:
2816:
2767:
2730:
2524:
2379:
2369:
2267:
2032:
1963:
1822:
1211:
915:
715:
534:
349:
257:
252:
168:
115:
64:
4312:
3327:
2149:
883:
in the United States to avoid association with hard drinking. The term "
412:
4727:
4662:
4607:
4547:
4492:
4440:
3899:
3842:
3166:
3156:
3014:
2720:
2636:
2626:
2577:
2483:
2478:
2463:
2399:
2394:
2359:
2257:
2252:
2212:
2139:
2084:
2074:
2056:
2012:
2000:
1990:
1948:
1774:
1764:
454:
305:
160:
149:
4208:
3929:
2832:
2069:
4712:
4677:
4647:
4507:
4218:
3980:
3874:
3837:
3615:
3545:
3422:
3402:
3337:
3256:
3131:
2970:
2598:
2488:
2468:
2404:
2384:
2374:
2334:
2272:
2154:
2094:
1995:
1840:
894:
legislation, a liqueur wine is a fortified wine that contains 15–22%
848:
719:
634:
578:
470:
269:
235:
193:
process is complete, the alcohol in the distilled beverage kills the
183:
164:
99:
95:
60:
44:
4502:
4278:
3477:
804:
499:
red wine, but also comes in dry, semi-dry and white or rosé styles.
4737:
4732:
4697:
4687:
4597:
4532:
4425:
4364:
4343:
4328:
4178:
3879:
3742:
3685:
3665:
3565:
3540:
3507:
3392:
3251:
3246:
3236:
3151:
3136:
3121:
2344:
2339:
2329:
2222:
2202:
2169:
2134:
1980:
1943:
1855:
1850:
1835:
843:
837:
761:
723:
699:
653:
630:
626:
622:
601:
492:
483:
Port wine (also known simply as port) is a fortified wine from the
475:
400:
301:
122:
56:
51:
2064:
264:' unique AOC region north of Limassol from high-altitude vines of
133:
98:
have developed many different styles of fortified wine, including
4707:
4627:
4612:
4557:
4470:
4450:
4405:
4390:
4374:
4348:
4313:
4273:
4263:
4213:
4158:
4035:
4020:
3939:
3919:
3884:
3817:
3417:
3377:
3357:
3322:
3281:
3206:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2797:
2603:
2354:
2207:
2182:
2109:
1845:
1136:
The
Wordsworth Dictionary of Drink: An A–Z of Alcoholic Beverages
1053:"Types of Fortified Wines You Might Enjoy Before or After Dinner"
860:
817:
781:
606:
589:
424:
419:. It is produced by adding alcohol to non-fermented or partially
329:
145:
4400:
1958:
1031:(3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 279.
923:
4747:
4672:
4602:
4582:
4577:
4537:
4248:
4173:
4168:
4153:
4130:
4115:
4090:
4080:
4050:
4040:
4030:
3894:
3859:
3849:
3807:
3802:
3782:
3762:
3715:
3690:
3680:
3530:
3397:
3387:
3367:
3342:
3271:
3146:
2762:
2725:
2349:
2237:
2232:
868:
864:
773:
769:
574:
543:
518:
508:
408:
333:
324:
261:
224:
137:
103:
91:
68:
1246:"mistelle Definition in the Wine Dictionary at Epicurious.com"
686:
4482:
4288:
4238:
4193:
4183:
4148:
4060:
3934:
3869:
3812:
3675:
3650:
3645:
3630:
3610:
3595:
3575:
3560:
3467:
3457:
3452:
3412:
3407:
3382:
3352:
3317:
3312:
3276:
3261:
3196:
3066:
2980:
2546:
2262:
2217:
2187:
1634:
1432:
The Wines of
Champagne, Burgundy, Eastern and Southern France
852:
642:
496:
484:
441:
Moscatel de Setúbal is a
Portuguese wine produced around the
265:
219:
513:
39:
4395:
4055:
3640:
3620:
3550:
3502:
3497:
3432:
3372:
2975:
1814:
1770:
856:
585:
214:
83:
4622:
4228:
3827:
3487:
895:
784:
similarly made by blending apple juice and apple brandy.
341:
144:
One reason for fortifying wine was to preserve it, since
961:(5th ed.). New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 236.
959:
Alexis
Lichine's New Encyclopedia of Wines & Spirits
1783:
588:
to much darker and sometimes sweeter versions known as
702:
grapes in the south of France. As the name suggests,
1518:
Encyclopedia of Consumer Brands: Consumable Products
905:
802:
for their relatively high alcohol content. The term
3043:
230:In the case of some fortified wine styles (such as
94:, has been added. In the course of some centuries,
1515:
1168:
457:. The style was believed to have been invented by
1573:. City of Seattle. 1 January 2013. Archived from
1216:(2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
714:are all made from the white Muscat grape, whilst
621:). Some of the herbs and spices used may include
336:to make two styles, the younger, slightly weaker
4779:
532:of Jerez. In earlier times, sherry was known as
1663:. University of California Press. p. 120.
1108:Legal Information Institute, Cornell Law School
1020:
1018:
1016:
981:
664:in the spelling of Carpano's time) means both
2848:
2562:
1799:
1422:
1079:"DiWineTaste Report: Tasting Fortified Wines"
1650:
1549:"City could soon widen alcohol impact areas"
1128:
1126:
1124:
1013:
4316:and infused distilled drinks by ingredients
1296:
764:to 2/3 grape juice from the same vineyard,
3714:
2875:
2855:
2841:
2569:
2555:
1806:
1792:
1684:
1203:
1160:
787:
1513:
1507:
1435:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 268.
1428:
1388:
1210:Robinson, Jancis, ed. (1999). "Mistela".
1121:
411:, though it is used mainly as a base for
1769:
1656:
1297:Porter, Darwin; Price, Danforth (2000).
1209:
1024:
685:
605:
546:"). In the European Union "sherry" is a
528:, Spain. The word "sherry" itself is an
512:
474:
332:. The fortified version is blended with
296:Madeira is a fortified wine made in the
285:
132:
50:
38:
2862:
2747:Clarification and stabilization of wine
1166:
956:
344:and aged at least four months; and the
178:is used, it is usually produced with a
159:that has been made from grapes, grain,
14:
4780:
1690:
1567:"Public Safety - Alcohol Impact Areas"
1546:
1401:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 112.
1375:
1303:(16th ed.). IDG Books Worldwide.
1270:
1175:. Univ. Press of Mississippi. p.
1132:
573:is complete, sherry is fortified with
453:grape and is typically fortified with
449:. The wine is made primarily from the
430:
4311:
3713:
3042:
2874:
2836:
2550:
1787:
1768:
1488:
1482:
1394:
1076:
982:DuBose, Fred; Spingarn, Evan (2004).
822:Washington State Liquor Control Board
675:
27:Wine with an added distilled beverage
1627:
1621:
1522:. Detroit: St. James Press. p.
1139:. Wordsworth Editions. p. 384.
985:The Ultimate Wine Lover's Guide 2005
423:grape juice (or apple juice to make
1697:. Footprint Handbooks. p. 36.
1493:. New York: Sterling. p. 238.
988:. Barnes & Noble. p. 202.
246:
24:
1589:
1547:Castro, Hector (7 December 2005).
950:
741:
25:
4804:
1831:Annual growth cycle of grapevines
1736:
1628:Park, Rock Darm (12 April 2012).
1491:Kevin Zraly's American Wine Guide
879:Fortified wines are often termed
690:A Grenache-based VDN from Rasteau
2810:
2518:
1248:. epicurious.com. Archived from
922:
908:
649:, an herb most famously used in
1718:
1559:
1540:
1456:
1376:Clarke, Paul (15 August 2008).
1369:
1343:
1317:
1290:
1273:"Production of Fortified Wines"
1264:
1238:
592:. Cream sherry is always sweet.
548:protected designation of origin
312:
275:
2893:History of alcoholic beverages
2576:
1694:Wine Travel Guide to the World
1603:Encyclopedia of Korean Culture
1595:
1096:
1070:
1045:
1025:Robinson, Jancis, ed. (2006).
975:
874:
542:, meaning "a removal from the
189:When added to wine before the
13:
1:
2773:Glossary of viticulture terms
1657:Sullivan, Charles L. (1998).
943:
859:, and other ingredients like
726:. Other wines, like those of
128:
2778:Glossary of winemaking terms
1751:(fortified wine production).
1571:Beacon Alliance of Neighbors
1213:The Oxford companion to wine
1028:The Oxford Companion to Wine
464:
323:Marsala wine is a wine from
241:
212:process, yeast cells in the
7:
1429:Baxevanis, John J. (1987).
1382:The San Francisco Chronicle
901:
831:
704:Muscat de Beaumes-de-Venise
613:Bianco, an Italian vermouth
595:
355:
10:
4809:
2698:Yeast assimilable nitrogen
1553:Seattle Post-Intelligencer
1514:Jorgensen, Janice (1993).
835:
812:fortified wine, including
791:
745:
679:
599:
506:
468:
434:
316:
279:
250:
31:
4762:
4321:
4307:
4141:
3950:
3727:
3723:
3709:
3518:
3292:
3056:
3052:
3038:
2938:
2885:
2881:
2870:
2806:
2788:History of the wine press
2755:
2739:
2711:
2678:Sparkling wine production
2663:
2645:
2612:
2584:
2512:
2451:
2413:
2308:
2285:
2168:
2055:
2043:
1936:
1864:
1821:
1781:
1608:Academy of Korean Studies
1167:Hailman, John R. (2006).
1104:"26 U.S. Code §5382 b(2)"
887:" is used by the French.
639:Antonio Benedetto Carpano
502:
4165:Coconut and other palms
3537:Coconut and other palms
2908:History of Bordeaux wine
2783:Wine tasting descriptors
2504:Wine tasting descriptors
2433:Phenolic content in wine
2325:Alternative wine closure
1909:Great French Wine Blight
1813:
1755:Fortification calculator
1171:Thomas Jefferson on Wine
957:Lichine, Alexis (1987).
794:Flavored fortified wines
760:which is made using 1/3
564:El Puerto de Santa María
340:, which is at least 17%
71:Blanc, Dolin Rouge, and
32:Not to be confused with
2993:Drinking establishments
2673:Malolactic fermentation
1691:Joseph, Robert (2006).
1271:Biancalana, Antonello.
1077:Antonello, Biancalana.
820:City Council asked the
788:Low-end fortified wines
34:flavored fortified wine
4200:Sugarcane or molasses
3637:Sugarcane or molasses
2876:History and production
1398:Bartending For Dummies
814:E & J Gallo Winery
691:
614:
521:
480:
385:
369:
365:
293:
141:
76:
48:
2923:History of Rioja wine
2474:Wine and food pairing
1489:Zraly, Kevin (2006).
689:
609:
560:Sanlúcar de Barrameda
516:
478:
459:José Maria da Fonseca
289:
136:
54:
42:
4634:Mammee apple flower
2913:History of Champagne
2125:Muscat of Alexandria
1331:on 10 September 2013
1133:Halley, Ned (2005).
766:Pineau des Charentes
712:Muscat de Frontignan
708:Muscat de Rivesaltes
556:Jerez de la Frontera
495:. It is typically a
479:A 10-year tawny port
451:Muscat of Alexandria
447:Península de Setúbal
443:Setúbal Municipality
417:Pineau des Charentes
18:Fortification (wine)
4684:Sugarcane/molasses
3127:Moscatel de Setúbal
3020:Yeast in winemaking
3008:Yeast in winemaking
2864:Alcoholic beverages
2703:Yeast in winemaking
2655:Carbonic maceration
1470:on 17 February 2009
1464:"thewinedoctor.com"
1395:Foley, Ray (2006).
431:Moscatel de Setúbal
415:such as the French
73:Martini & Rossi
63:bottles, including
2918:History of Chianti
2886:History of alcohol
2693:Traditional method
2494:Wine personalities
2198:Cabernet Sauvignon
1745:and its evolution.
1300:Frommer's Portugal
722:are made from red
692:
676:Vins doux naturels
615:
538:(from the Spanish
522:
489:northern provinces
481:
294:
148:is also a natural
142:
77:
49:
47:, a fortified wine
4775:
4774:
4758:
4757:
4461:Chocolate liqueur
4422:Blackthorn shrub
4303:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4255:Various starches
4011:Tennessee whiskey
3705:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3672:Various starches
3034:
3033:
3030:
3029:
2928:History of Sherry
2830:
2829:
2824:
2823:
2594:Late harvest wine
2544:
2543:
2281:
2280:
2178:Alicante Bouschet
1926:Judgment of Paris
1704:978-1-904777-85-4
1670:978-0-520-92087-3
1577:on 1 January 2013
1442:978-0-8476-7534-0
1408:978-0-470-10752-2
1186:978-1-57806-841-8
1146:978-1-84022-302-6
756:Examples include
517:A degustation of
203:alcohol by volume
16:(Redirected from
4800:
4382:Herbs de Majorca
4356:Anisado Mallorca
4309:
4308:
4111:American whiskey
4102:Multiple grains
3991:Buckwheat whisky
3725:
3724:
3711:
3710:
3484:Multiple grains
3054:
3053:
3045:Fermented drinks
3040:
3039:
2946:Alcohol industry
2883:
2882:
2872:
2871:
2857:
2850:
2843:
2834:
2833:
2815:
2814:
2571:
2564:
2557:
2548:
2547:
2523:
2522:
2438:Proteins in wine
2105:Grüner Veltliner
2053:
2052:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1785:
1784:
1766:
1765:
1743:Commandaria wine
1730:
1729:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1521:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1466:. Archived from
1460:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1347:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1327:. Archived from
1321:
1315:
1314:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1242:
1236:
1235:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1193:
1174:
1164:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1130:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1074:
1068:
1067:
1065:
1063:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1022:
1011:
1010:
1004:
1002:
979:
973:
972:
954:
932:
927:
926:
918:
913:
912:
800:Great Depression
780:; there is also
758:Floc de Gascogne
682:Vin doux naturel
398:
394:
247:Commandaria wine
236:botrytized wines
182:, rather than a
180:continuous still
116:Commandaria wine
88:distilled spirit
55:A collection of
21:
4808:
4807:
4803:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4797:
4778:
4777:
4776:
4771:
4754:
4723:Crème de cassis
4718:Crème de banane
4704:Various fruits
4573:Crème de menthe
4334:Crème de Noyaux
4317:
4295:
4137:
4121:Canadian whisky
4095:Kaoliang liquor
4001:Bourbon whiskey
3966:Japanese whisky
3946:
3915:Marillenschnaps
3891:Various fruits
3719:
3697:
3526:Agave americana
3514:
3288:
3243:Various fruits
3048:
3026:
2934:
2903:History of wine
2898:History of beer
2877:
2866:
2861:
2831:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2817:Wine portal
2809:
2802:
2793:History of wine
2751:
2735:
2707:
2659:
2641:
2622:Deacidification
2608:
2580:
2575:
2545:
2540:
2525:Wine portal
2517:
2508:
2447:
2409:
2314:
2304:
2277:
2164:
2145:Sauvignon blanc
2080:Cayetana blanca
2048:
2046:grape varieties
2039:
1932:
1860:
1817:
1812:
1777:
1760:Fortified Wines
1739:
1734:
1733:
1724:
1723:
1719:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1689:
1685:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1655:
1651:
1641:
1639:
1626:
1622:
1612:
1610:
1594:
1590:
1580:
1578:
1565:
1564:
1560:
1545:
1541:
1534:
1512:
1508:
1501:
1487:
1483:
1473:
1471:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1427:
1423:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1393:
1389:
1374:
1370:
1360:
1358:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1334:
1332:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1311:
1295:
1291:
1281:
1279:
1269:
1265:
1255:
1253:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1224:
1208:
1204:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1165:
1161:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1131:
1122:
1112:
1110:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1087:
1085:
1075:
1071:
1061:
1059:
1057:The Spruce Eats
1051:
1050:
1046:
1039:
1023:
1014:
1000:
998:
996:
980:
976:
969:
955:
951:
946:
938:Wine and health
928:
921:
914:
907:
904:
885:vins de liqueur
877:
847:is a fortified
840:
834:
796:
790:
750:
744:
742:Vins de liqueur
684:
678:
604:
598:
511:
505:
473:
467:
439:
433:
396:
392:
358:
321:
315:
298:Madeira Islands
284:
278:
255:
249:
244:
131:
120:aromatised wine
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4806:
4796:
4795:
4790:
4788:Fortified wine
4773:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4763:
4760:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4752:
4751:
4750:
4742:
4741:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4702:
4701:
4700:
4692:
4691:
4690:
4682:
4681:
4680:
4675:
4667:
4666:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4642:
4641:
4640:
4632:
4631:
4630:
4625:
4617:
4616:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4587:
4586:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4552:
4551:
4550:
4542:
4541:
4540:
4535:
4527:
4526:
4525:
4520:
4512:
4511:
4510:
4505:
4497:
4496:
4495:
4487:
4486:
4485:
4475:
4474:
4473:
4465:
4464:
4463:
4455:
4454:
4453:
4447:Chili peppers
4445:
4444:
4443:
4438:
4436:Cherry Heering
4430:
4429:
4428:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4387:
4386:
4385:
4384:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4361:
4360:
4359:
4358:
4346:
4338:
4337:
4336:
4331:
4322:
4319:
4318:
4305:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4292:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4236:
4234:Seco Herrerano
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4198:
4197:
4196:
4188:
4187:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4156:
4145:
4143:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4065:
4064:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4046:Mixiang Baijiu
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4015:
4014:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3995:
3994:
3993:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3943:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3840:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3777:
3776:
3775:
3767:
3766:
3765:
3757:
3756:
3755:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3731:
3729:
3721:
3720:
3718:by ingredients
3707:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3694:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3670:
3669:
3668:
3663:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3635:
3634:
3633:
3625:
3624:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3570:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3482:
3481:
3480:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3307:
3306:
3305:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3201:
3200:
3199:
3191:
3190:
3189:
3181:
3180:
3179:
3171:
3170:
3169:
3161:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3106:
3105:
3104:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3071:
3070:
3069:
3060:
3058:
3050:
3049:
3047:by ingredients
3036:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3005:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2953:
2948:
2942:
2940:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2900:
2895:
2889:
2887:
2879:
2878:
2868:
2867:
2860:
2859:
2852:
2845:
2837:
2828:
2827:
2822:
2821:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2759:
2757:
2753:
2752:
2750:
2749:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2717:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2700:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2683:Sugars in wine
2680:
2675:
2669:
2667:
2661:
2660:
2658:
2657:
2651:
2649:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2632:Chaptalization
2629:
2624:
2618:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2590:
2588:
2582:
2581:
2574:
2573:
2566:
2559:
2551:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2459:Classification
2455:
2453:
2449:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2443:Sugars in wine
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2419:
2417:
2415:Wine chemistry
2411:
2410:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2390:Wine dispenser
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2321:
2319:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2291:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2193:Cabernet Franc
2190:
2185:
2180:
2174:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2160:Welschriesling
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2115:Müller-Thurgau
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2061:
2059:
2050:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2006:
2005:
2004:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1928:
1918:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1882:Ancient Greece
1879:
1870:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1827:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1811:
1810:
1803:
1796:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1746:
1738:
1737:External links
1735:
1732:
1731:
1717:
1703:
1683:
1669:
1649:
1620:
1596:Yu, Tae-jong.
1588:
1558:
1539:
1532:
1506:
1499:
1481:
1455:
1441:
1421:
1407:
1387:
1368:
1357:. 23 July 2013
1351:"Sherry types"
1342:
1316:
1309:
1289:
1263:
1252:on 6 June 2011
1237:
1222:
1202:
1185:
1159:
1145:
1120:
1095:
1069:
1044:
1037:
1012:
994:
974:
967:
948:
947:
945:
942:
941:
940:
934:
933:
919:
903:
900:
892:European Union
876:
873:
836:Main article:
833:
830:
792:Main article:
789:
786:
748:Vin de liqueur
746:Main article:
743:
740:
728:Rivesaltes AOC
698:grapes or red
680:Main article:
677:
674:
600:Main article:
597:
594:
507:Main article:
504:
501:
469:Main article:
466:
463:
435:Main article:
432:
429:
357:
354:
317:Main article:
314:
311:
280:Main article:
277:
274:
251:Main article:
248:
245:
243:
240:
199:residual sugar
176:neutral spirit
157:neutral spirit
130:
127:
80:Fortified wine
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4805:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4761:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4743:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4703:
4699:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4689:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4658:Grand Marnier
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4549:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4518:Cream liqueur
4516:
4515:
4513:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4494:
4491:
4490:
4488:
4484:
4481:
4480:
4479:
4476:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4442:
4439:
4437:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4323:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4306:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4254:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4151:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4140:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4096:
4092:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3976:
3972:
3971:Scotch whisky
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3961:Irish whiskey
3959:
3958:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3949:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3848:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3749:Cashew apple
3748:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3708:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3673:
3671:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3661:Fermented tea
3659:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3632:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3601:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3591:
3587:
3584:
3583:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3517:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3443:Shaoxing wine
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3233:Prickly pear
3232:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3198:
3195:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3168:
3165:
3164:
3162:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3037:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2943:
2941:
2937:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2858:
2853:
2851:
2846:
2844:
2839:
2838:
2835:
2819:
2818:
2813:
2805:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2738:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2718:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2704:
2701:
2699:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2662:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2572:
2567:
2565:
2560:
2558:
2553:
2552:
2549:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2511:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2428:Acids in wine
2426:
2424:
2423:Aroma of wine
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2312:
2307:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2287:Major regions
2284:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2243:Montepulciano
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2051:
2047:
2042:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1927:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1809:
1804:
1802:
1797:
1795:
1790:
1789:
1786:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1767:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1749:Dessert Wines
1747:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1728:. p. 46.
1727:
1721:
1706:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1687:
1672:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1653:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1624:
1609:
1606:(in Korean).
1605:
1604:
1599:
1592:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1554:
1550:
1543:
1535:
1533:1-55862-336-1
1529:
1525:
1520:
1519:
1510:
1502:
1500:1-4027-2585-X
1496:
1492:
1485:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1444:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1425:
1410:
1404:
1400:
1399:
1391:
1383:
1379:
1372:
1356:
1352:
1346:
1330:
1326:
1325:"Spanish law"
1320:
1312:
1310:0-02-863601-5
1306:
1302:
1301:
1293:
1278:
1274:
1267:
1251:
1247:
1241:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1223:0-19-866236-X
1219:
1215:
1214:
1206:
1199:
1198:Marsala wine.
1188:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1172:
1163:
1148:
1142:
1138:
1137:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1109:
1105:
1099:
1084:
1080:
1073:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1040:
1038:0-19-860990-6
1034:
1030:
1029:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1009:
997:
995:9780760758328
991:
987:
986:
978:
970:
968:0-394-56262-3
964:
960:
953:
949:
939:
936:
935:
931:
930:Liquor portal
925:
920:
917:
911:
906:
899:
897:
893:
888:
886:
882:
881:dessert wines
872:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
845:
839:
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
809:
807:
806:
801:
795:
785:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
754:
749:
739:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
688:
683:
673:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
619:trade secrets
612:
608:
603:
593:
591:
587:
582:
580:
576:
572:
567:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
536:
531:
530:anglicisation
527:
520:
515:
510:
500:
498:
494:
490:
486:
477:
472:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
438:
428:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
326:
320:
310:
307:
303:
299:
292:
288:
283:
273:
271:
267:
263:
259:
254:
239:
237:
233:
228:
226:
221:
217:
216:
211:
206:
204:
200:
196:
192:
187:
185:
181:
177:
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
153:
151:
147:
140:barrels aging
139:
135:
126:
124:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
53:
46:
41:
35:
30:
19:
4006:Corn whiskey
3910:Himbeergeist
3763:Kirschwasser
3525:
3223:Pomegranate
3117:Marsala wine
3112:Madeira wine
3003:Simple syrup
2998:Fermentation
2988:Distillation
2808:
2665:Fermentation
2516:
2499:Wine tasting
2120:Muscat blanc
2090:Chenin blanc
1975:
1887:Ancient Rome
1720:
1708:. Retrieved
1693:
1686:
1674:. Retrieved
1659:
1652:
1640:. Retrieved
1633:
1623:
1611:. Retrieved
1601:
1591:
1579:. Retrieved
1575:the original
1570:
1561:
1552:
1542:
1517:
1509:
1490:
1484:
1472:. Retrieved
1468:the original
1458:
1446:. Retrieved
1431:
1424:
1412:. Retrieved
1397:
1390:
1381:
1371:
1359:. Retrieved
1354:
1345:
1333:. Retrieved
1329:the original
1319:
1299:
1292:
1280:. Retrieved
1276:
1266:
1254:. Retrieved
1250:the original
1240:
1212:
1205:
1197:
1190:. Retrieved
1170:
1162:
1150:. Retrieved
1135:
1111:. Retrieved
1107:
1098:
1086:. Retrieved
1082:
1072:
1060:. Retrieved
1056:
1047:
1027:
1006:
999:. Retrieved
984:
977:
958:
952:
889:
878:
842:
841:
810:
803:
797:
755:
751:
736:grape spirit
693:
669:
665:
661:
657:
616:
583:
571:fermentation
568:
539:
533:
523:
485:Douro Valley
482:
440:
359:
345:
337:
322:
319:Marsala wine
313:Marsala wine
295:
291:Madeira wine
282:Madeira wine
276:Madeira wine
256:
232:late harvest
229:
213:
210:fermentation
207:
191:fermentation
188:
173:
154:
143:
79:
78:
29:
4793:Wine styles
4669:Star anise
4563:Bénédictine
4523:Irish cream
4259:Aguardiente
4204:Aguardiente
4076:Rye whiskey
3586:Ginger wine
3303:Barley wine
3267:Mulled wine
3217:Plum jerkum
3187:Lychee wine
3177:Longan wine
3102:Bokbunja-ju
3092:Bignay wine
3082:Banana wine
3077:Banana beer
2951:Bathtub gin
2768:Wine bottle
2740:Other steps
2731:Wine cellar
2688:Süssreserve
2380:Wine cellar
2370:Wine bottle
2311:accessories
2309:Packaging,
2268:Tempranillo
1897:Noah's wine
1877:Phoenicians
1823:Viticulture
1638:(in Korean)
1355:SherryNotes
1277:DiWineTaste
1113:10 February
1088:23 December
1083:DiWineTaste
1062:23 December
916:Wine portal
875:Terminology
437:Setúbal DOC
372:; Spanish,
350:evaporation
306:sweet wines
260:is made in
258:Commandaria
253:Commandaria
208:During the
197:and leaves
169:appellation
167:. Regional
161:sugar beets
86:to which a
67:Extra Dry,
65:Noilly Prat
43:A glass of
4782:Categories
4728:Limoncello
4663:Triple sec
4638:Eau créole
4608:Irish Mist
4593:Bärenjäger
4548:Frangelico
4478:Cloudberry
4457:Chocolate
4441:Maraschino
3987:Buckwheat
3900:Eau de vie
3203:Pineapple
3167:Duhat wine
3163:Java plum
3157:White wine
3015:Winemaking
2939:Production
2647:Maceration
2637:Wine press
2627:Destemming
2578:Winemaking
2484:Wine fraud
2479:Wine fault
2464:Oenophilia
2400:Wine label
2395:Wine glass
2360:Port tongs
2258:Sangiovese
2253:Pinot noir
2213:Douce noir
2140:Rkatsiteli
2085:Chardonnay
2075:Catarratto
2049:by acreage
2023:Biodynamic
1986:Aromatized
1775:winemaking
1630:"Gwaha-ju"
1598:"Gwaha-ju"
1581:11 January
944:References
734:(95% abv)
651:distilling
455:aguardente
374:Portuguese
368:; French:
360:Mistelle (
150:antiseptic
129:Production
118:, and the
96:winemakers
90:, usually
4713:Cedratine
4678:Sassolino
4648:Cointreau
4568:Brennivín
4544:Hazelnut
4508:Tia Maria
4467:Cinnamon
4451:Pertsivka
4416:Bierlikör
4219:Desi daru
3981:Bierbrand
3875:Tsikoudia
3838:Slivovitz
3738:Applejack
3616:Kabarawan
3592:Galangal
3546:Palm wine
3423:Rice wine
3403:Makgeolli
3338:Oshikundu
3257:Hippocras
3142:Rosé wine
3132:Port wine
3098:Bokbunja
2971:Lautering
2599:Noble rot
2489:Winemaker
2469:Sommelier
2405:Wine rack
2385:Wine cork
2375:Wine cave
2365:Screw cap
2335:Corkscrew
2300:New World
2295:Old World
2273:Zinfandel
2248:Mourvèdre
2155:Trebbiano
2095:Colombard
1996:Noble rot
1976:Fortified
1954:Sparkling
1921:New World
849:rice wine
635:chamomile
579:port wine
471:Port wine
465:Port wine
421:fermented
413:apéritifs
346:Superiore
270:Xynisteri
242:Varieties
184:pot still
165:sugarcane
61:quinquina
4738:Sloe gin
4733:Schnapps
4698:Licor 43
4694:Vanilla
4688:Charanda
4619:Juniper
4598:Drambuie
4533:Advocaat
4489:Coconut
4426:Patxaran
4365:Anisette
4344:Absinthe
4329:Amaretto
4314:Liqueurs
4179:Lambanog
4087:Sorghum
4026:Cheongju
3880:Tsipouro
3824:Juniper
3798:Armagnac
3743:Calvados
3686:Parakari
3666:Kombucha
3566:Tunggang
3541:Bahalina
3508:Huangjiu
3474:Sorghum
3428:Rượu cần
3393:Gwaha-ju
3328:Tesgüino
3252:Dubonnet
3247:Conditum
3237:Colonche
3152:Vermouth
3137:Red wine
3122:Mistelle
2614:Pressing
2536:Glossary
2452:Industry
2345:Jug wine
2340:Decanter
2330:Box wine
2228:Isabella
2223:Grenache
2203:Carignan
2150:Sémillon
2135:Riesling
2130:Palomino
1873:Ancient
1856:Vineyard
1851:Veraison
1836:Oenology
1642:12 March
1613:12 March
1361:27 March
1232:41660699
902:See also
851:made in
844:Gwaha-ju
838:Gwaha-ju
832:Gwaha-ju
762:armagnac
724:Grenache
700:Grenache
670:vermouth
666:wormwood
654:absinthe
647:wormwood
631:marjoram
627:cinnamon
623:cardamom
602:Vermouth
596:Vermouth
590:olorosos
554:between
519:sherries
493:Portugal
401:Vermouth
393:mixtella
378:Galician
370:mistelle
366:mistella
356:Mistelle
302:aperitif
123:vermouth
57:vermouth
4744:Walnut
4708:Campari
4653:Curaçao
4644:Orange
4628:Jenever
4613:Krupnik
4558:Aquavit
4499:Coffee
4471:Tentura
4432:Cherry
4406:Sambuca
4391:Mastika
4375:Hierbas
4349:Anisado
4325:Almond
4274:Horilka
4264:Akvavit
4214:Clairin
4209:Cachaça
4159:Tequila
4036:Lao-Lao
4021:Awamori
3957:Barley
3951:Cereals
3940:Schnaps
3930:Pálinka
3920:Nalewka
3885:Zivania
3818:Zivania
3759:Cherry
3716:Liquors
3582:Ginger
3418:Pangasi
3378:Choujiu
3358:Amazake
3334:Millet
3323:Tejuino
3299:Barley
3293:Cereals
3282:Sangria
3207:Tepache
3183:Lychee
3173:Longan
3088:Bignay
3073:Banana
2966:Malting
2961:Brewery
2956:Brewing
2798:Terroir
2756:Related
2604:Vintage
2586:Harvest
2531:Outline
2355:Muselet
2317:storage
2208:Cinsaut
2183:Barbera
2110:Macabeo
2070:Aligoté
2028:Organic
2018:Natural
1971:Dessert
1916:Georgia
1866:History
1846:Terroir
1841:Species
1710:5 April
1676:5 April
1474:4 April
1448:5 April
1414:5 April
1335:4 April
1282:5 April
1256:5 April
1192:4 April
1152:4 April
865:jujubes
861:ginseng
818:Seattle
782:Pommeau
768:in the
716:Banyuls
662:Wermuth
611:Martini
487:in the
445:on the
425:pommeau
405:Marsala
388:, from
386:mistela
382:Catalan
362:Italian
330:Marsala
205:(ABV).
146:ethanol
112:Marsala
108:madeira
4748:Nocino
4673:Pastis
4603:Glayva
4589:Honey
4583:Unicum
4578:Metaxa
4554:Herbs
4538:Eggnog
4514:Cream
4503:Kahlúa
4493:Malibu
4340:Anise
4284:Shōchū
4279:Poitín
4269:Bangla
4249:Tharra
4190:Dairy
4174:Laksoy
4169:Arrack
4154:Mezcal
4131:Whisky
4126:Shōchū
4116:Baijiu
4091:Baijiu
4081:Starka
4051:Shochu
4041:Lihing
4031:Cholai
3997:Maize
3895:Brandy
3860:Grappa
3855:Chacha
3850:Pomace
3808:Cognac
3803:Brandy
3789:Grape
3783:Boukha
3769:Dates
3734:Apple
3691:Ibwatu
3681:Chicha
3627:Sugar
3602:Honey
3572:Dairy
3531:Pulque
3478:Pendhā
3398:Hariya
3388:Dansul
3368:Beopju
3343:Tongba
3272:Nabidh
3147:Sherry
3108:Grape
3063:Apple
2763:Winery
2726:Solera
2350:Kvevri
2238:Merlot
2233:Malbec
2033:Kosher
2009:Other
1964:Orange
1937:Styles
1904:France
1701:
1667:
1530:
1497:
1439:
1405:
1307:
1230:
1220:
1183:
1143:
1035:
1001:6 June
992:
965:
890:Under
869:ginger
774:Macvin
772:zone,
770:Cognac
753:doux.
696:Muscat
658:Wermut
633:, and
575:brandy
569:After
544:solera
509:Sherry
503:Sherry
409:Sherry
397:mixtvm
334:brandy
325:Sicily
262:Cyprus
225:sherry
138:Sherry
104:sherry
92:brandy
69:Lillet
4483:Lakka
4412:Beer
4289:Vodka
4239:Sulai
4224:Guaro
4194:Arkhi
4184:Sotol
4149:Agave
4142:Other
4061:Sulai
4017:Rice
3977:Beer
3935:Rakia
3905:Geist
3870:Orujo
3843:Țuică
3834:Plum
3813:Pisco
3773:Araqi
3728:Fruit
3676:Cauim
3651:Palek
3646:Intus
3631:Kilju
3611:Byais
3596:Byais
3576:Kumis
3561:Tuhak
3519:Other
3468:Kvass
3458:Tapuy
3453:Tapai
3448:Sonti
3413:Mirin
3408:Mijiu
3383:Chuak
3353:Agkud
3349:Rice
3318:Pozol
3313:Mageu
3309:Corn
3277:Pruno
3262:Jabol
3227:Rimon
3213:Plum
3197:Perry
3193:Pear
3067:Cider
3057:Fruit
2981:Yeast
2713:Aging
2263:Syrah
2218:Gamay
2188:Bobal
2100:Glera
2065:Airén
2057:White
2013:Table
2001:Straw
1991:Fruit
1949:White
1892:China
1771:Wines
1635:Naver
853:Korea
826:Cisco
732:proof
720:Maury
643:Turin
641:from
586:finos
552:Cádiz
526:Jerez
497:sweet
390:Latin
304:, to
266:Mavro
220:toxic
195:yeast
82:is a
75:Rosso
4767:List
4529:Egg
4401:Rakı
4396:Ouzo
4370:Arak
4244:Sura
4071:Korn
4067:Rye
4056:Soju
3925:Oghi
3865:Marc
3793:Arak
3779:Fig
3753:Feni
3657:Tea
3641:Basi
3621:Mead
3606:Bais
3556:Tubâ
3551:Tuak
3503:Boza
3498:Beer
3464:Rye
3438:Sato
3433:Sake
3373:Brem
2976:Wort
2315:and
2044:Top
1959:Rosé
1815:Wine
1773:and
1712:2009
1699:ISBN
1678:2009
1665:ISBN
1644:2018
1615:2018
1583:2023
1528:ISBN
1495:ISBN
1476:2009
1450:2009
1437:ISBN
1416:2009
1403:ISBN
1363:2022
1337:2009
1305:ISBN
1284:2009
1258:2009
1228:OCLC
1218:ISBN
1194:2009
1181:ISBN
1154:2009
1141:ISBN
1115:2022
1090:2018
1064:2018
1033:ISBN
1003:2020
990:ISBN
963:ISBN
857:soju
805:wino
778:Jura
718:and
710:and
668:and
562:and
540:saca
535:sack
407:and
380:and
338:Fine
268:and
234:and
215:must
100:port
84:wine
59:and
45:port
4623:Gin
4229:Rum
4106:Ara
3828:Gin
3493:Ara
3488:Ale
3363:Apo
2721:Oak
2170:Red
1981:Ice
1944:Red
1524:492
1177:306
1008:be.
896:abv
776:in
491:of
342:abv
163:or
4784::
1632:.
1600:.
1569:.
1551:.
1526:.
1380:.
1353:.
1275:.
1226:.
1196:.
1179:.
1123:^
1106:.
1081:.
1055:.
1015:^
1005:.
867:,
863:,
706:,
629:,
625:,
566:.
558:,
403:,
384::
376:,
364::
352:.
186:.
125:.
114:,
110:,
106:,
102:,
4097:)
4093:(
2856:e
2849:t
2842:v
2570:e
2563:t
2556:v
2313:,
1807:e
1800:t
1793:v
1714:.
1680:.
1646:.
1617:.
1585:.
1555:.
1536:.
1503:.
1478:.
1452:.
1418:.
1384:.
1365:.
1339:.
1313:.
1286:.
1260:.
1234:.
1156:.
1117:.
1092:.
1066:.
1041:.
971:.
660:(
395:/
36:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
