370:
1180:
47:
327:
1299:
1251:
262:
2115:
1983:
1239:
2528:
1263:
1287:
1275:
54:
34:
281:. It was settled by around a hundred colonists, who found themselves involved in the local politics. The poor trade results (some ebony and little more was obtained) hardly justified the difficulties of the settlers, who suffered from tropical illnesses and other problems. After a conflict with the
334:
Since the early 1970s, Fort
Dauphin suffered an economic decline due to lack of good road connections to the rest of the country, rendering its port of local importance only. This in spite of significant foreign exchange earned from the export of live lobster (250 to over 350 tonnes per year from
1110:
The
Lutheran missionaries also traded land above the original Fort Dauphin harbour for what was then a sand dune. There is also a section of the town's cemetery where quite a few American Lutheran missionaries and several others are buried.
1085:
includes a huge site with a primary school, middle school, a large cathedral and a smaller church in town. Near the
Marillac Airport are the Sisters of Marillac Ă Fort Dauphin and St. Vincentienne Marillac, a large private Catholic
1353:
349:
mine near Fort-Dauphin was opened by QIT Madagascar
Minerals in 1986 prompting a boost in employment, migration to the area, development of roads and exacerbation of deforestation. Associated with the mine the
380:
Fort-Dauphin was initially situated on a short, narrow peninsula on the extreme southeastern coast of
Madagascar, but has since grown to cover a much greater area along the ocean, almost to Mount Bezavona.
1686:
1090:
1199:
There is one certified French School at the primary level, École primaire française de Fort-Dauphin, and a middle school and high school (college et lycée) AEFE, and Lycee La
Clairefontaine.
1623:
307:
took the presidency in 1975, Fort
Dauphin had a thriving community of Malagasy, French, Chinese and Pakistani merchants with adequate roads connecting the city to Toliara to the west and
1949:
1784:
A historical and missiological account of the pioneer missionaries in the establishment of the
American Lutheran mission in southeast Madagascar, 1887–1911: John P. and Oline Hogstad
78:
1227:
cancer drugs. Their research focused on the wild collection of periwinkle roots and leaves from roadsides and fields and its industrial cultivation on large farms.
1678:
311:
to the west and then north. The port provided a means of exporting cattle to
Mauritius and importing various goods from France and elsewhere. During the time
1817:
1979:
1843:
Contribution a l'etude de la producition de la pervenche de
Madagascar ou Catharanthus roseus, Cas d' Ambovombe, d'Amboasary-sud, de Beloha et Tsihombe
1485:
354:
was built, 10 km west of Tolagnaro. These are the first major investments in the region's infrastructure for many decades. The mine contaminated
1567:
1889:
2084:
2054:
1711:
269:
The bay of Fort-Dauphin was found by a Portuguese Captain in 1500. Fort Dauphin was founded on an Antanosy village, Taolankarana, in 1643 by the
1613:
2029:
1395:
Pearson, Mike Parker (February 1997). "Close encounters of the worst kind: Malagasy resistance and colonial disasters in Southern Madagascar".
2099:
1645:
1250:
2403:
2605:
2969:
2550:
2467:
1939:
2678:
2482:
1707:
1064:
The majority of its population are Christian, though almost all religions practised in Madagascar are found in Fort-Dauphin.
369:
256:
1944:
318:
In 1975, the French businesses were nationalized, French citizens' assets were frozen, and several were briefly imprisoned.
2919:
2416:
1069:
2656:
1527:
1082:
46:
2974:
2964:
2954:
2492:
1433:
412:, though it is less rainy than areas further north on the eastern Malagasy coast. Being closer to the centre of the
2866:
2683:
1129:
1849:(in French). Antananarivo, Madagascar: Universityersité d'Antananarivo, Ecole Superieur des Sciences Agronomiques.
207:
2737:
2641:
2595:
2517:
2512:
2396:
1971:
1806:
1140:
1262:
1114:
The Mahovoky Hotel and Annex and the American style homes in the forest at Libanona were part of this mission.
2789:
2666:
2502:
358:
in 2014-2015 and has been met with mixed reactions from local communities, who held protests in 2013 and 2022.
1860:
Neimark, Benjamin (2009). "At the "Pharm" gate: The case study of the rosy periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus)".
243:
and of the Taolagnaro District. It has been a port of local importance since the early 1500s. A new port, the
2959:
2883:
2747:
2651:
2575:
2570:
2806:
1492:
1486:"Sabatini, Gino et al. (2008). A review of the Spiny Lobster fishery in the Tolagnaro (Fort-Dauphin) region"
361:
Today, there are a large variety of international non-governmental organizations with offices in Tolagnaro.
2893:
2861:
2775:
2688:
2590:
2555:
2497:
1449:
Bialuschewski, Arne (2005). "Pirates, Slavers, and the Indigenous Population in Madagascar, c. 1690-1715".
1557:
2841:
2742:
2507:
1318:, pirate, led a combined pirate-Antanosy kingdom from Fort Dauphin from 1697 until he died there in 1705.
1298:
409:
212:
1588:
2831:
2816:
2732:
2693:
2646:
2631:
2527:
2472:
2389:
1934:
373:
2856:
2719:
1761:
1192:
There are 161 public primary schools in the district of Fort-Dauphin, 8 public colleges and 1 public
270:
1238:
296:, which was the main source of information on the island for Europeans until the late 19th century.
2661:
2565:
2442:
2437:
1104:
1076:
385:
1372:
2851:
2836:
2762:
2636:
2580:
2560:
2538:
1274:
413:
1841:
1425:
Lords and Lemurs: Mad Scientists, Kings with Spears, and the Survival of Diversity in Madagascar
2888:
2801:
2619:
2600:
2010:
1044:
110:
1863:
Industrial Heartlands of Nature: The Political Economy of Biological Prospecting in Madagascar
289:
2912:
2821:
2770:
2752:
2707:
2585:
2457:
2424:
2363:
2348:
2283:
2237:
1469:
2268:
1732:
1212:
8:
2928:
2873:
2671:
1964:
1562:
1368:Étienne de Flacourt: Ou Les Origines de la Colonisation Française a Madagascar, 1648-1661
1179:
312:
278:
1366:
388:
is within driving distance, 40 kilometres (25 mi) to the northwest of Fort-Dauphin.
2878:
2846:
2811:
2142:
2123:
1890:"Green grabbing at the 'pharm' gate: rosy periwinkle production in southern Madagascar"
1471:
Madagascar; Or, Robert Drury's Journal: During Fifteen Years' Captivity on that Island
1196:. There are also 32 private primary schools, 5 private colleges and 2 private lycées.
2933:
2487:
2477:
2462:
1653:
1516:
Darbellay, Alain. (2009). The story of the first Madagascar sapphire – Andranondambo.
1429:
1161:
992:
944:
247:
was built in 2006–2009. Fort-Dauphin was the first French settlement in Madagascar.
2826:
2452:
2343:
1901:
1870:
1404:
1216:
1173:
417:
351:
304:
1408:
2724:
2263:
2207:
1929:
1905:
1531:
1423:
1338:
396:
391:
282:
244:
1286:
2432:
1957:
1315:
1224:
1869:. New Brunswick: Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. p. 70-112.
1535:
1219:
and its export as a natural source of the alkaloids used to make vincristine,
2948:
2318:
2089:
2019:
1657:
261:
93:
80:
1828:
1795:
1614:"Madagascar regulator under scrutiny in breach at Rio Tinto-controlled mine"
1385:
Ramangalahy, Pasteur. (2004). L’Histoire de Fort Dauphin. SIT Lecture Notes.
2293:
2278:
2147:
2137:
1133:
355:
308:
300:
274:
240:
125:
2114:
1679:"Rio Tinto's Madagascar mine restarts after reaching deal with protesters"
1515:
2333:
2212:
2167:
2157:
2074:
1220:
1208:
1107:
who worked in southern Madagascar starting in 1888 for almost 100 years.
2447:
2412:
2323:
2273:
2258:
2152:
1992:
1982:
1861:
1646:"The White Stuff: Mining Giant Rio Tinto Unearths Unrest in Madagascar"
236:
115:
2381:
1342:
1215:
studied the production of Catharanthus roseus around Fort Dauphin and
2358:
2328:
2313:
2298:
2253:
2227:
2217:
2182:
2177:
2132:
2094:
1874:
1144:
315:
was President of Madagascar, he enjoyed flying down to Fort Dauphin.
187:
1103:
Fort Dauphin was the headquarters of American Lutheran missionaries
2353:
2308:
2222:
2192:
2187:
2162:
1940:
Evangelical Lutheran Church in America: Global Mission Bibliography
1740:
Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world
1618:
1183:
View towards Ankoba beach from a hill in the center of Fort Dauphin
346:
336:
1193:
2338:
2303:
2202:
2197:
2172:
2104:
2079:
2069:
2049:
416:
than other parts of Madagascar, most rainfall is orographic, and
343:
2288:
2064:
2059:
2039:
2024:
1096:
EEM Eklesia Episkopaly Malagasy (Anglican Church of Madagascar)
326:
2044:
2034:
1988:
1592:
1148:
427:
Climate data for Tôlanaro (1961–1990, extremes 1890–present)
1047:(humidity, 1951–1967), Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)
420:
are not as common as in more northerly parts of the island.
33:
1256:
New port and access roads under construction in April 2007
1451:
The International Journal of African Historical Studies
330:
Fishing is a traditional part of the coastal lifestyle.
1733:"Klimatafel von Taolanaro (Fort-Dauphin) / Madagaskar"
294:
History of the Great Isle of Madagascar and Relations
1068:FJKM - Fiangonan'i Jesoa Kristy eto Madagasikara (
1839:
2946:
1712:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1708:"Ft. Dauphin/Tolagna Climate Normals 1961–1990"
2397:
1965:
1448:
273:who built a fort there named in honor of the
1754:
2404:
2390:
1972:
1958:
1334:
1332:
1818:École primaire française de Fort-Dauphin
1178:
368:
325:
285:, the survivors were evacuated in 1674.
260:
2411:
1887:
1859:
1840:Andriamanalintsoa, Jean Joseph (1995).
1786:. Lutheran School of Theology, Chicago.
1643:
1394:
1364:
1329:
1268:Libanona Beach, TĂ´lagnaro in April 2007
1091:United Pentecostal Church of Madagascar
2947:
66:Location of Fort-Dauphin in Madagascar
2385:
1953:
1528:"Madagascar titanium dioxide project"
1467:
1421:
257:Massacre of Fort-Dauphin (Madagascar)
153:31.17 km (12.03 sq mi)
1700:
1676:
1075:FLM - Fiangonana Loterana Malagasy (
1070:Church of Jesus Christ in Madagascar
53:
1930:Rio Tinto's QIT Madagascar Minerals
1742:(in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst
1725:
1309:
1083:Roman Catholic Diocese of Tolagnaro
13:
2526:
1555:
1549:
14:
2986:
1923:
1117:
2113:
1981:
1297:
1285:
1273:
1261:
1249:
1237:
52:
45:
32:
2970:Regional capitals in Madagascar
1881:
1853:
1833:
1822:
1811:
1800:
1789:
1776:
1762:"Station Taolagnaro (TĂ´lanaro)"
1689:from the original on 2023-04-24
1670:
1644:Hatcher, Jessica (2013-02-08).
1637:
1626:from the original on 2023-04-21
1606:
1581:
1570:from the original on 2021-06-11
1534:. 3 August 2005. Archived from
1520:
1509:
1894:The Journal of Peasant Studies
1478:
1461:
1442:
1415:
1388:
1379:
1358:
1347:
1:
1558:"The Ecologists and the Mine"
1428:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
1409:10.1080/00438243.1997.9980355
1322:
826:Average rainfall mm (inches)
321:
288:One Governor of this colony,
1906:10.1080/03066150.2012.666975
1187:
364:
235:) on the southeast coast of
7:
1207:In 1995 and 2006, Malagasy
1202:
1059:
896:Average precipitation days
686:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
546:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
410:tropical rainforest climate
376:- a pitcher plant at Lokaro
239:. It is the capital of the
182:2,200/km (5,600/sq mi)
10:
2991:
1945:Fort-Dauphin sur WikiMapia
1677:Reid, Helen (2022-05-25).
1230:
1167:
1155:
1054:
1042:
1037:
426:
403:
374:Nepenthes madagascariensis
265:Plan of the fort from 1650
254:
250:
16:Place in Anosy, Madagascar
2975:Pirate dens and locations
2965:Populated places in Anosy
2955:Fort-Dauphin (Madagascar)
2906:
2797:
2788:
2761:
2715:
2706:
2627:
2618:
2546:
2537:
2524:
2423:
2372:
2248:Fort Dauphin (Taolagnaro)
2236:
2122:
2111:
2009:
2003:Fort Dauphin (Taolagnaro)
1999:
1764:(in French). Meteo Climat
1371:. Ernest Leroux. p.
1099:Eglise Rhema Terre de Sel
990:
942:
895:
825:
755:
685:
615:
545:
475:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
446:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
271:French East India Company
206:
196:
186:
178:
170:
165:
157:
149:
144:
140:Georges Mamy RANDRIANAINA
136:
131:
121:
109:
74:
40:
31:
21:
2443:Indian Ocean slave trade
2374:3 districts; 62 communes
1782:Vigen, James B. (1991).
1365:Malotet, Arthur (1898).
1280:Andohahela National Park
1122:
1105:American Lutheran Church
1077:Malagasy Lutheran Church
414:subtropical anticyclones
386:Andohahela National Park
192:East Africa Time (GMT+3)
1829:Lycee La Clairefontaine
1143:, from Fort-Dauphin to
1132:, from Fort-Dauphin to
2531:
2508:Transitional Authority
1993:Republic of Madagascar
1468:Defoe, Daniel (1897).
1422:Jolly, Alison (2004).
1184:
1045:Deutscher Wetterdienst
377:
331:
266:
161:27 m (89 ft)
2530:
2503:2009 political crisis
2458:Malagasy Protectorate
1888:Neimark, Ben (2012).
1556:Gerety, Rowan Moore.
1244:Port d'Ehoala in 2023
1182:
372:
329:
264:
255:Further information:
94:25.03250°S 46.98333°E
2960:Cities in Madagascar
2606:World Heritage Sites
1796:Hogstad, Johan Peter
1538:on 27 September 2007
1343:Geonames.org (cc-by)
1304:Fort Dauphin in 1900
1213:political ecologists
476:Record high °C (°F)
179: • Density
2493:Democratic Republic
1563:Scientific American
756:Record low °C (°F)
616:Daily mean °C (°F)
408:Fort-Dauphin has a
335:1990 to 2005), and
313:Philibert Tsiranana
290:Étienne de Flacourt
279:Louis XIV of France
99:-25.03250; 46.98333
90: /
2551:Biosphere reserves
2532:
2468:Colonial governors
1867:(PhD Dissertation)
1847:(PhD Dissertation)
1474:. T. Fisher Unwin.
1185:
378:
332:
267:
171: • Total
150: • Total
137: • Mayor
2942:
2941:
2902:
2901:
2784:
2783:
2702:
2701:
2679:Political parties
2667:National Assembly
2642:Foreign relations
2614:
2613:
2513:COVID-19 pandemic
2488:Malagasy Republic
2478:Malagasy Uprising
2463:French Madagascar
2379:
2378:
1807:Monographie Anosy
1397:World Archaeology
1162:Tolagnaro Airport
1130:National Road 12a
1051:
1050:
945:relative humidity
418:tropical cyclones
218:
217:
2982:
2922:
2915:
2795:
2794:
2728:
2713:
2712:
2625:
2624:
2544:
2543:
2518:2021–2022 famine
2453:Franco-Hova Wars
2406:
2399:
2392:
2383:
2382:
2344:Mandromodromotra
2117:
1987:Communes in the
1986:
1985:
1974:
1967:
1960:
1951:
1950:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1875:10.7282/T3WD40Q7
1868:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1837:
1831:
1826:
1820:
1815:
1809:
1804:
1798:
1793:
1787:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1737:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1674:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1664:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1632:
1631:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1591:. Archived from
1585:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1524:
1518:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1497:
1491:. Archived from
1490:
1482:
1476:
1475:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1377:
1376:
1362:
1356:
1351:
1345:
1336:
1310:Notable resident
1301:
1289:
1277:
1265:
1253:
1241:
1141:National Road 13
899:
424:
423:
305:Didier Ratsiraka
292:, published the
105:
104:
102:
101:
100:
95:
91:
88:
87:
86:
83:
56:
55:
49:
36:
19:
18:
2990:
2989:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2925:
2918:
2911:
2898:
2884:Public holidays
2780:
2757:
2748:Illegal logging
2726:
2698:
2652:Law enforcement
2610:
2576:Protected areas
2533:
2522:
2419:
2410:
2380:
2375:
2368:
2264:Ampasy Nahampoa
2232:
2118:
2109:
2005:
1995:
1980:
1978:
1935:Antanosy people
1926:
1921:
1920:
1910:
1908:
1886:
1882:
1866:
1858:
1854:
1846:
1838:
1834:
1827:
1823:
1816:
1812:
1805:
1801:
1794:
1790:
1781:
1777:
1767:
1765:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1745:
1743:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1716:
1714:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1692:
1690:
1675:
1671:
1662:
1660:
1642:
1638:
1629:
1627:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1598:
1596:
1589:"Port d'Ehoala"
1587:
1586:
1582:
1573:
1571:
1554:
1550:
1541:
1539:
1532:Rio Tinto Group
1526:
1525:
1521:
1514:
1510:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1488:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1466:
1462:
1447:
1443:
1436:
1420:
1416:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1363:
1359:
1352:
1348:
1337:
1330:
1325:
1312:
1305:
1302:
1293:
1290:
1281:
1278:
1269:
1266:
1257:
1254:
1245:
1242:
1233:
1205:
1190:
1170:
1158:
1125:
1120:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1038:Source 1: NOAA
897:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
790:
785:
780:
775:
770:
765:
760:
750:
745:
740:
735:
730:
725:
720:
715:
710:
705:
700:
695:
690:
680:
675:
670:
665:
660:
655:
650:
645:
640:
635:
630:
625:
620:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
406:
397:Tsitongambarika
392:Berenty Reserve
367:
324:
283:Antanosy people
259:
253:
233:commune urbaine
202:
98:
96:
92:
89:
84:
81:
79:
77:
76:
70:
69:
68:
67:
64:
63:
62:
61:
57:
27:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2988:
2978:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2940:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2931:
2924:
2923:
2916:
2908:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2870:
2869:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2785:
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1924:External links
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1900:(2): 423-445.
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1622:. 2019-11-20.
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2617:
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2579:
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2342:
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2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
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2320:
2319:Isaka-Ivondro
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
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2239:
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2106:
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2098:
2096:
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2090:Tanandava Sud
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
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2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2020:Amboasary Sud
2018:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:Amboasary Sud
2008:
2004:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1984:
1975:
1970:
1968:
1963:
1961:
1956:
1955:
1952:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1927:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1884:
1876:
1872:
1865:
1864:
1856:
1845:
1844:
1836:
1830:
1825:
1819:
1814:
1808:
1803:
1797:
1792:
1785:
1779:
1763:
1757:
1741:
1734:
1728:
1713:
1709:
1703:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1673:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1640:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1609:
1595:on 2011-11-30
1594:
1590:
1584:
1569:
1565:
1564:
1559:
1552:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1512:
1498:on 2016-03-03
1494:
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1472:
1464:
1456:
1452:
1445:
1437:
1435:0-618-36751-9
1431:
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1333:
1328:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1300:
1295:
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1283:
1276:
1271:
1264:
1259:
1252:
1247:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1211:and American
1210:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1181:
1175:
1174:Port d'Ehoala
1172:
1171:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1115:
1112:
1108:
1106:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
994:
991:Mean monthly
989:
985:
982:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
952:
949:
946:
941:
937:
934:
931:
928:
925:
922:
919:
916:
913:
910:
907:
904:
901:
894:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
824:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
754:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
684:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
614:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
558:
553:
548:
544:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
474:
430:
425:
421:
419:
415:
411:
398:
395:
393:
390:
387:
384:
383:
382:
375:
371:
362:
359:
357:
353:
352:port d'Ehoala
348:
345:
340:
338:
328:
319:
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
297:
295:
291:
286:
284:
280:
277:, the future
276:
272:
263:
258:
248:
246:
242:
238:
234:
231:) is a city (
230:
226:
222:
214:
211:
209:
205:
199:
195:
191:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
164:
160:
156:
152:
148:
143:
139:
135:
130:
127:
124:
120:
117:
114:
112:
108:
103:
75:Coordinates:
73:
48:
39:
35:
30:
20:
2832:Demographics
2817:Architecture
2733:Central bank
2694:Subdivisions
2647:Human rights
2632:Constitution
2483:Independence
2473:World War II
2294:Enakara-Haut
2279:Andranombory
2247:
2246:
2148:Andriandampy
2138:Ambatomivary
2030:Berano Ville
2002:
1989:Anosy Region
1909:. Retrieved
1897:
1893:
1883:
1862:
1855:
1842:
1835:
1824:
1813:
1802:
1791:
1783:
1778:
1766:. Retrieved
1756:
1744:. Retrieved
1739:
1727:
1715:. Retrieved
1702:
1691:. Retrieved
1682:
1672:
1661:. Retrieved
1649:
1639:
1628:. Retrieved
1617:
1608:
1597:. Retrieved
1593:the original
1583:
1572:. Retrieved
1561:
1551:
1540:. Retrieved
1536:the original
1522:
1511:
1500:. Retrieved
1493:the original
1480:
1470:
1463:
1454:
1450:
1444:
1424:
1417:
1400:
1396:
1390:
1381:
1367:
1360:
1349:
1206:
1198:
1191:
1134:Vangaindrano
1113:
1109:
1102:
1063:
407:
379:
360:
356:Lake Besaroy
341:
333:
317:
309:Fianarantsoa
301:World War II
298:
293:
287:
275:crown prince
268:
241:Anosy Region
232:
228:
224:
221:Fort-Dauphin
220:
219:
60:Fort-Dauphin
23:Fort-Dauphin
2857:LGBT rights
2720:Agriculture
2334:Manantenina
2213:Mahasoa Est
2168:Benato-Toby
2158:Beapombo II
2075:Marotsiraka
1221:vinblastine
1209:agronomists
245:Ehoala Port
197:Postal code
97: /
2949:Categories
2867:newspapers
2727:(currency)
2662:Parliament
2566:Ecoregions
2448:Libertatia
2413:Madagascar
2364:Soanierana
2349:Ranomafana
2324:Mahatalaky
2284:Ankaramena
2274:Analapatsy
2259:Ampasimena
2240:(24) - 614
2238:Taolagnaro
2153:Beapombo I
2126:(20) - 613
2100:Tomboarivo
2013:(18) - 603
1693:2023-04-24
1663:2023-06-14
1630:2023-06-14
1599:2009-12-13
1574:2023-06-14
1542:2007-10-05
1502:2009-12-13
1323:References
1223:and other
1043:Source 2:
898:(≥ 1.0 mm)
322:Modern era
303:and until
237:Madagascar
229:Taolagnaro
223:(Malagasy
166:Population
132:Government
116:Madagascar
85:46°59′00″E
82:25°01′57″S
26:Taolagnaro
2879:Mythology
2852:Languages
2837:Education
2763:Transport
2738:Companies
2684:President
2637:Elections
2596:Volcanoes
2581:Provinces
2561:Districts
2539:Geography
2359:Sarasambo
2329:Manambaro
2314:Ifarantsa
2299:Enaniliha
2269:Analamary
2254:Ambatoabo
2228:Tsaraitso
2218:Nagnarena
2183:Ianabinda
2178:Iaborotra
2143:Analamary
2133:Ambalasoa
2095:Tranomaro
2001:Capital:
1658:0040-781X
1354:Pseau.Org
1217:Ambovombe
1188:Education
1145:Ambovombe
365:Geography
337:sapphires
225:Tolagnaro
188:Time zone
158:Elevation
2929:Category
2889:Religion
2802:Abortion
2776:Railways
2657:Military
2620:Politics
2601:Wildlife
2438:Monarchs
2417:articles
2354:Ranopiso
2309:Iabakoho
2223:Naninora
2193:Isoanala
2188:Ianakafy
2163:Bekorobo
1768:April 7,
1746:April 7,
1717:March 8,
1687:Archived
1624:Archived
1619:Mongabay
1568:Archived
1339:Tolanaro
1292:Old port
1203:Research
1089:FFPM - (
1060:Religion
1033:2,739.2
943:Average
891:(66.10)
541:(100.4)
491:(100.4)
347:ilmenite
2913:Outline
2827:Cuisine
2822:Culture
2790:Society
2771:Driving
2753:Tourism
2725:Ariary
2708:Economy
2586:Regions
2571:Islands
2425:History
2339:Mandiso
2304:Fenoevo
2203:Jangany
2198:Ivahona
2173:Betroka
2124:Betroka
2105:Tsivory
2080:Sampona
2070:Maromby
2050:Ifotaka
1991:of the
1911:14 July
1683:Reuters
1231:Gallery
1168:Seaport
1156:Airport
1086:school.
1055:Culture
889:1,678.9
886:(6.46)
881:(5.96)
876:(3.91)
871:(2.93)
866:(4.06)
861:(5.86)
856:(4.94)
851:(5.62)
846:(6.92)
841:(7.04)
836:(6.18)
831:(6.20)
821:(48.2)
816:(56.8)
811:(58.5)
806:(50.2)
801:(51.8)
796:(48.2)
791:(48.9)
786:(49.5)
781:(53.4)
776:(55.4)
771:(62.2)
766:(64.8)
761:(59.0)
751:(67.3)
746:(71.4)
741:(68.7)
736:(66.2)
731:(63.3)
726:(61.9)
721:(61.2)
716:(61.5)
711:(64.9)
706:(69.3)
701:(72.1)
696:(73.6)
691:(73.4)
681:(73.4)
676:(77.2)
671:(74.7)
666:(72.7)
661:(70.2)
656:(68.5)
651:(67.6)
646:(68.4)
641:(71.4)
636:(74.8)
631:(77.7)
626:(79.2)
621:(79.2)
611:(80.8)
606:(84.2)
601:(82.0)
596:(80.4)
591:(78.1)
586:(76.1)
581:(75.0)
576:(76.1)
571:(78.8)
566:(81.7)
561:(84.6)
556:(86.0)
551:(86.2)
536:(99.5)
531:(95.0)
526:(91.8)
521:(96.4)
516:(97.0)
511:(93.2)
506:(89.8)
501:(91.8)
496:(92.5)
486:(97.7)
481:(96.8)
404:Climate
399:reserve
344:Mandena
251:History
208:Climate
111:Country
2934:Portal
2894:Sports
2807:Anthem
2672:Senate
2591:Rivers
2556:Cities
2415:
2289:Bevoay
2208:Mahabo
2085:Ranobe
2065:Manevy
2060:Mahaly
2055:Mahabo
2040:Elonty
2025:Behara
1656:
1432:
1030:236.1
1027:232.9
1024:240.1
1021:236.5
1018:241.7
1015:211.5
1012:209.5
1009:223.5
1006:205.8
1003:222.7
1000:222.4
997:256.5
432:Month
299:After
174:67,284
122:Region
2920:Index
2874:Music
2862:Media
2045:Esira
2035:Ebelo
1736:(PDF)
1496:(PDF)
1489:(PDF)
1194:lycée
1149:Ihosy
1123:Roads
884:164.0
879:151.5
864:103.2
859:148.9
854:125.6
849:142.8
844:175.8
839:178.7
834:157.0
829:157.5
471:Year
126:Anosy
2847:Flag
2812:Seal
1913:2023
1770:2017
1748:2017
1719:2015
1654:ISSN
1650:Time
1457:(3).
1430:ISBN
1147:and
1139:the
1128:the
947:(%)
938:123
874:99.4
869:74.5
814:13.8
809:14.7
804:10.1
799:11.0
779:11.9
774:13.0
769:16.8
764:18.2
759:15.0
749:19.6
744:21.9
739:20.4
734:19.0
729:17.4
724:16.6
719:16.2
714:16.4
709:18.3
704:20.7
699:22.3
694:23.1
689:23.0
679:23.0
674:25.1
669:23.7
664:22.6
659:21.2
654:20.3
649:19.8
644:20.2
639:21.9
634:23.8
629:25.4
624:26.2
619:26.2
609:27.1
604:29.0
599:27.8
594:26.9
589:25.6
584:24.5
579:23.9
574:24.5
569:26.0
564:27.6
559:29.2
554:30.0
549:30.1
539:38.0
534:37.5
529:35.0
524:33.2
519:35.8
514:36.1
509:34.0
504:32.1
499:33.2
494:33.6
489:38.0
484:36.5
479:36.0
468:Dec
465:Nov
462:Oct
459:Sep
456:Aug
453:Jul
450:Jun
447:May
444:Apr
441:Mar
438:Feb
435:Jan
342:The
145:Area
1902:doi
1871:doi
1405:doi
1373:303
1341:in
986:80
983:80
980:80
977:78
974:76
971:78
968:80
965:80
962:80
959:81
956:82
953:79
950:81
935:11
932:11
920:10
917:10
914:11
911:12
908:12
905:12
902:11
819:9.0
794:9.0
789:9.4
784:9.7
227:or
201:614
2951::
1898:39
1896:.
1892:.
1738:.
1710:.
1685:.
1681:.
1652:.
1648:.
1616:.
1566:.
1560:.
1530:.
1455:38
1453:.
1401:28
1399:.
1331:^
929:8
926:7
923:8
339:.
213:Af
2405:e
2398:t
2391:v
1973:e
1966:t
1959:v
1915:.
1904::
1877:.
1873::
1772:.
1750:.
1721:.
1696:.
1666:.
1633:.
1602:.
1577:.
1545:.
1505:.
1438:.
1411:.
1407::
1375:.
1151:.
1136:.
1093:)
1079:)
1072:)
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