33:
243:, defines the affinity to this specific host in accordance with the produced toxin causing this affinity. When different toxins are produced on the same host, but these toxins affect different host species, the term pathotype should be used in addition. All isolates which are not confined to specific hosts and / or toxins should retain only the binomial name until such specificity is found."
238:
described ..., but this term is not widely adopted. ... To further standardise the taxonomic terms used, the trinomial system introduced by Rotem (1994) is favoured. When differences in host affinity are observed within the isolates of one ... species, the third epithet, the
92:
name is appropriate, and it is therefore not necessary to specify morphological differences that distinguish this form. The literal meaning of the term is 'special form', but this grouping does not correspond to the more formal botanical use of the
294:
McNeill, J.; Barrie, F.R.; Buck, W.R.; Demoulin, V.; Greuter, W.; Hawksworth, D.L.; Herendeen, P.S.; Knapp, S.; Marhold, K.; Prado, J.; Prud'homme Van Reine, W.F.; Smith, G.F.; Wiersema, J.H.; Turland, N.J. (2012).
81:
298:
International Code of
Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code) adopted by the Eighteenth International Botanical Congress Melbourne, Australia, July 2011
84:, that is applied to a parasite (most frequently a fungus) which is adapted to a specific host. This classification may be applied by authors who do not feel that a
32:
192:
375:), the Causal Agent of Powdery Mildew in Curcubits: Factors Affecting Race Identification and the Importance for Research and Commerce".
613:
306:
546:
Woudenberg, J.H.C.; Seidl, M.F.; Groenewald, J.Z.; de Vries, M.; Stielow, J.B.; Thomma, B.P.H.J.; Crous, P.W. (2015), "
623:
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8:
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146:(and may be arbitrary, e.g. an alphanumeric code, usually with the word "race"), e.g. "
130:
125:
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48:
440:
Nishimura, S.; Kohmoto, K. (1983), "Host-Specific Toxins and
Chemical Structures from
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524:: Biology, Epidemiology and Pathogenicity (as cited by Woudenberg et al. 2015)
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Cohen, R.; Burger, Y.; Katzir, N. (2004). "Monitoring
Physiological races of
293:
589:
465:
504:
427:
388:
85:
207:
170:
109:
263:
82:
International Code of
Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
210:
as used in bacteriology) by author Syoyo
Nishimura who stated:
181:
301:. Vol. Regnum Vegetabile 154. A.R.G. Gantner Verlag KG.
196:
of 1930, but was not widely adopted. Fungal pathogens within
161:
349:. Edinburgh / New Delhi: Chambers Harrap / Allied Chambers.
327:. Edinburgh / New Delhi: Chambers Harrap / Allied Chambers.
168:), inserted after the interpolation "f. sp.", as in the "
118:
439:
142:), except in that the name of a race is added after the
214:"ach pathogen should be called a distinct pathotype of
345:
Walker, Peter M. B., ed. (2004) . "Biological race".
323:
Walker, Peter M. B., ed. (2004) . "Biological form".
478:
Nishimura, Syoyo (1980), "Host
Specific Toxins from
410:
Hagborg, W.A.F. (1942), "Classification revision in
354:
The
Wordsworth Dictionary of Science and Technology
332:
The
Wordsworth Dictionary of Science and Technology
526:, APS Press, American Phytopathological Society,
366:
138:, and in that context treated as synonymous with
600:
409:
190:category was introduced and recommended in the
124:An alternative term in contexts not related to
35:
347:Chambers Dictionary of Science and Technology
338:
325:Chambers Dictionary of Science and Technology
316:
55:. Intermediate minor rankings are not shown.
193:International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
484:Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B
579:
517:
503:
477:
360:
356:. W. R. Chambers / Cambridge U. Pr. 1998.
334:. W. R. Chambers / Cambridge U. Pr. 1998.
234:"Currently there are seven pathotypes of
226:and "pathotype" together for the species
31:
14:
601:
344:
322:
222:Some authors have subsequently used
458:10.1146/annurev.py.21.090183.000511
24:
76:) without italics, is an informal
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640:
182:History, and use with "pathotype"
446:Annual Review of Phytopathology
313:Chapter I. Article 4.4. Note 4.
539:
511:
471:
433:
403:
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202:species have also been called
13:
1:
280:
166:scientific naming conventions
158:infraspecific scientific name
614:Plant pathogens and diseases
572:10.1016/j.simyco.2015.07.001
416:Canadian Journal of Research
7:
482:: Problems and Prospects",
247:
10:
645:
206:(not to be confused with
134:(sometimes also given as
49:biological classification
624:Latin biological phrases
144:binomial scientific name
80:grouping allowed by the
27:Informal taxonomic group
412:Xanthomonas translucens
156:is used as part of the
126:biological nomenclature
619:Botanical nomenclature
373:Sphaerotheca fuliginea
266:, used in bacteriology
245:
220:
56:
232:
212:
46:
629:Forma specialis taxa
480:Alternaria alternata
199:Alternaria alternata
560:Studies in Mycology
505:10.2183/pjab.56.362
496:1980PJAB...56..362N
369:Podosphaera xanthii
149:Podosphaera xanthii
518:Rotem, J. (1994),
428:10.1139/cjr42c-028
389:10.1007/bf02979784
131:physiological race
57:
558:or pathotypes?",
308:978-3-87429-425-6
171:Puccinia graminis
110:Puccinia graminis
47:The hierarchy of
16:(Redirected from
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556:formae speciales
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117:, which affects
66:formae speciales
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241:forma specialis
224:forma specialis
188:forma specialis
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154:forma specialis
140:biological form
136:biological race
68:), abbreviated
61:Forma specialis
53:taxonomic ranks
51:'s eight major
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490:(6): 362–366,
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383:(2): 174–183.
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275:Race (biology)
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270:Phytopathology
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259:Forma (botany)
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254:Form (zoology)
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107:An example is
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160:(and follows
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609:Taxa by rank
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351:Previously:
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329:Previously:
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236:A. alternata
235:
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228:A. alternata
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216:A. alternata
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152:race S". A
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554:: Species,
178:" example.
603:Categories
552:Alternaria
548:Alternaria
522:Alternaria
520:The Genus
444:Species",
442:Alternaria
281:References
204:pathotypes
86:subspecies
208:pathotype
78:taxonomic
64:(plural:
590:26951037
566:: 1–21,
550:section
466:25946338
397:27174422
264:Pathovar
248:See also
74:ff. spp.
72:(plural
581:4774270
492:Bibcode
174:f. sp.
164:-based
113:f. sp.
102:or form
90:variety
588:
578:
530:
464:
395:
371:(syn.
305:
176:avenae
115:avenae
70:f. sp.
393:S2CID
162:Latin
100:forma
586:PMID
528:ISBN
462:PMID
303:ISBN
186:The
119:oats
576:PMC
568:doi
500:doi
454:doi
424:doi
420:20c
414:",
385:doi
128:is
97:of
88:or
605::
584:,
574:,
564:82
562:,
498:,
488:56
486:,
460:,
450:21
448:,
418:,
391:.
381:32
379:.
230::
121:.
104:.
570::
502::
494::
456::
426::
399:.
387::
311:.
218:"
20:)
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