28:
4703:
2864:
2021:
2207:
1384:
4713:
2874:
474:
The Welsh
Government, which later said it had "strained every sinew" and met "very regularly" with Ford to try to avert the closure, created a taskforce to try to save the plant, but it did not officially convene for over eight months between July 2018 and March 2019. An offer of state aid, similar
516:
6% below the EU average. The Ford plant was the town's biggest employer. Its 1,700 workers earned an average of £41,000, 70% above the local average salary. It was estimated to support around 12,000 other jobs, and was also the largest business ratepayer in
Bridgend, contributing £1.6M in 2019–20.
285:
At the start of 2015, the
Bridgend plant had an annual production capacity of 750,000 engines, including 250,000 for Jaguar Land Rover, and employed a total of 2,137 people. The Volvo SI6 engine made there was discontinued in March that year, with its replacement to be made elsewhere; the plant's
414:
Amid Ford's global cost-cutting programme, downsizing plans leaked in
January 2019 called for phased redundancies at the Bridgend plant totalling 990 by 2021. This would have left around 700 employees, 40% more than previously expected to be employed for the Dragon, but a fall of two thirds from
286:
Ford engines were expected to end production "in the next few years." Production of the Jaguar engines was then expected to end in 2018, with their replacements also made elsewhere. This left the plant redundant by 2018 in the absence of new work.
406:
drivetrain design. By 2017, Ford's planned investment had been cut by 45% to £100M ($ 129M), for a 125,000-unit annual capacity. In 2019, in an
Autocar feature that forecast final-year production of only 80,000 units, Dr Peter Wells of
351:
in the sub-1.0-litre category every year until 2017. Hoping to repeat the Fox's success for heavier and sportier vehicles, Ford designed a scaled-up version with a displacement of 1.5 litres (91 cu in), producing up to
246:, construction was started on the greenfield site in 1977. The 1,525,270 square feet (141,702 m) plant began production in 1980, and specialised in producing high-efficiency petrol engines. Its first product was the
919:
527:
as "the most generous had ever seen," were estimated at $ 650M (£510M as of 2019). Ford was also to repay £11M of the £15M Welsh
Government grant supporting its failed 2015 investment in the plant.
2910:
482:
In June 2019, Ford briefed trade unions that the plant would close in
September 2020, with production of the Dragon engine to end in February 2020. The decision prompted a threat of
798:
423:
By mid-2019, according to Wells, the
Bridgend plant had become clearly uneconomic due to its under-utilisation, in turn arising from lack of demand for the engines made there.
4752:
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513:
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27:
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had a plant-within-a-plant at
Bridgend, which saved considerable investment costs by JLR. Staffed by workers dedicated to Jaguar production of the
3530:
73:
4417:
4662:
2849:
501:
considered this unlikely, saying that Ford executives had repeatedly warned that the withdrawal "would make it impossible to operate here".
269:, it included a linked flow-line of computer numerically controlled machines with automated loading and assembly. Component supply was on a
2057:
490:, and a protest outside Ford's UK headquarters by fifty-five members of the Bridgend male voice choir. Neither succeeded in reversing it.
234:
Amid a global cost-cutting drive and citing a lack of demand for its manufacturing capacity, Ford closed the plant on 25 September 2020.
4667:
802:
541:
Fifty employees were transferred to other Ford sites, while by the time of closure "most" had taken retraining offered by the company.
387:
277 million) to retool the factory for an annual production capacity of 250,000 engines, a third of the plant's existing capacity. The
893:
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985:
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Ford of Europe's president stated that the decision was unrelated to the United
Kingdom's planned 2021 withdrawal from the
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provided a £15M investment grant to support the retooling. Making the Dragon was expected to employ around 500 people.
504:
The Ford Bridgend plant closed on 25 September 2020, with decommissioning expected to be complete a few months later.
308:
was to invest in more efficient engines rather than hybrid drivetrains. To this end, they designed a series of small,
4747:
3879:
3459:
2768:
1559:
445:
and Jaguar Land Rover had already announced UK job losses, and Nissan had cancelled a planned investment in the UK.
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2539:
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348:
750:
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at Bridgend due to the plant's distance from their vehicle assembly factories, which are all located outside the
402:, was difficult to mate with larger models designed to accept four-cylinder engines, and was not suited to Ford's
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3509:
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1445:
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512:
The plant's closure was a significant blow to the economy of Bridgend, which in December 2019 had an estimated
828:
363:
Ford of Europe conducted a review to decide where to build the Dragon, with the choice of plants in Bridgend,
4203:
3744:
3140:
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2423:
459:, but later announced that it would build a new factory adjacent to Ford's. It eventually acquired a former
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320:
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3484:
3359:
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2631:
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305:
243:
379:. In March 2015 it endorsed Bridgend to the Ford corporate office. The initial plan was to invest
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2101:
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1985:
1911:
1695:
1569:
937:
394:
The Dragon engine did not repeat the success of the Fox. The engine was too large for Ford's
324:
2888:
747:"Business Secretary Visits Ford's Expanding Engine Plant | Ford Motor Company Newsroom"
4359:
4339:
3894:
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1939:
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251:
128:
8:
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108:
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1990:
1027:
993:
721:
357:
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262:
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4223:
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3292:
3085:
2977:
2753:
2703:
2504:
2300:
2181:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1860:
1650:
1544:
1303:
568:
562:
531:
464:
456:
388:
155:
123:
4294:
4173:
4148:
4085:
3959:
3944:
3929:
3818:
3779:
3474:
3322:
3312:
3272:
3160:
3125:
3120:
3075:
2376:
2293:
1343:
986:"New Welsh factory at risk as Jim Ratcliffe's Ineos looks to make cars in France"
553:
487:
453:
247:
118:
223:, produced from 2018 until February 2020. During its final months, it only made
4623:
4595:
4487:
4402:
4070:
4028:
3999:
3904:
3848:
3676:
3607:
3514:
3364:
3297:
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3039:
3014:
2823:
2413:
2346:
2263:
2238:
1755:
1271:
1151:
1081:
860:
773:"Ford jobs safe at Bridgend and Dagenham - Car and Car-Buying News - What Car?"
435:
431:
380:
193:
61:
1620:
4731:
4457:
4269:
4249:
4136:
4050:
4018:
3974:
3899:
3853:
3808:
3722:
3681:
3626:
3587:
3575:
3494:
3399:
3262:
3187:
3182:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3065:
2816:
2117:
1906:
1901:
1891:
1881:
1675:
1660:
1539:
1413:
1126:
1099:
1053:
1031:
997:
958:
725:
629:
596:
483:
460:
274:
88:
75:
2805:
538:, was convened on 1 July 2019 to support former Ford employees in Bridgend.
4581:
4386:
4381:
4334:
4264:
4239:
4126:
4038:
3914:
3641:
3592:
3553:
3227:
3155:
3004:
2999:
2758:
2555:
2496:
2475:
2418:
2331:
2288:
2273:
2233:
1980:
1949:
1800:
1790:
1765:
1740:
1735:
1640:
1635:
1369:
1328:
1313:
521:
313:
1710:
1020:"Ineos boss opts to build 'British' heir to Land Rover Defender in France"
4477:
4442:
4289:
4284:
4188:
4153:
4055:
4043:
4033:
3979:
3964:
3889:
3764:
3651:
3424:
3307:
3207:
3202:
2488:
2371:
2283:
2258:
2248:
2094:
1805:
1785:
1780:
1770:
1720:
1715:
1690:
1680:
1625:
1595:
1534:
1338:
1323:
403:
395:
301:
209:
415:
2015. Ford also said at the time that it would consider plant closures.
4687:
4637:
4427:
4178:
4121:
3994:
3949:
3828:
3796:
3703:
3656:
3504:
3489:
3172:
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3019:
2810:
2708:
2653:
2563:
2531:
2433:
2388:
2356:
2310:
1886:
1775:
1760:
1745:
1730:
1725:
1665:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1549:
1364:
336:
213:
205:
204:. Between 1980 and 2020, it made over 22 million engines used in Ford,
4567:
4452:
4407:
4354:
3754:
3732:
3479:
3434:
3197:
3044:
2035:
1865:
1554:
1333:
894:"'It's scary': Bridgend braces for fallout from Ford factory closure"
4447:
4437:
4319:
4198:
4116:
4004:
3823:
3727:
3464:
3389:
3267:
2839:
2383:
2341:
2268:
1308:
1183:
376:
353:
340:
197:
53:
4349:
4208:
3969:
3813:
3803:
3570:
3558:
3454:
3439:
3419:
3192:
2982:
2579:
2523:
2428:
2206:
2141:
1896:
1705:
1700:
1655:
1590:
1585:
1383:
1348:
1240:
1176:
399:
372:
368:
364:
189:
4482:
4344:
4254:
4183:
3115:
3034:
2948:
2658:
2587:
2571:
2165:
476:
468:
4218:
3698:
3519:
3429:
3242:
2994:
2918:
2133:
449:
442:
332:
201:
57:
556:
engine (1980–2000), used in the then new third generation
273:
basis. JLR moved the production of its engines to its new
4131:
3774:
3582:
2957:
1054:"Ford Bridgend: 'Taskforce didn't meet for eight months'"
1125:
Heighton-Ginns, Laura; Prescott, Katie (28 June 2019).
799:"Jaguar's First Ever V8 Engine To Power XK8 Sports Car"
452:
expressed interest in acquiring the plant to build its
1124:
300:
In the 2000s, Ford's strategy to reduce its vehicles'
250:
engine used in the then new third generation European
668:"Analysis: What went wrong at Ford's Bridgend plant?"
411:
said, "Ford’s product planning has just gone wrong."
942:
International Engine + Powertrain of the Year Awards
630:"'Journey into the unknown' as Bridgend Ford closes"
231:
engines, themselves discontinued in September 2020.
4753:
Motor vehicle assembly plants in the United Kingdom
1076:
1074:
922:. Detroit: Ford Motor Company. 2015. Archived from
549:The plant formerly produced the following engines:
1152:"Ford Bridgend: New taskforce holds first meeting"
854:
852:
850:
848:
846:
844:
842:
840:
838:
714:"Ford to close Bridgend factory by September 2020"
4738:Buildings and structures in the Vale of Glamorgan
1179:"Building Blocks: Ford learns a lesson from Lego"
861:"Ford Bridgend set for new engine but at a cost?"
825:"All-New, World-Class Jaguar Production Facility"
749:. Media.ford.com. 15 January 2009. Archived from
4729:
1071:
1082:"Ford Bridgend engine plant 'to close in 2020'"
835:
4418:British Vehicle Rental and Leasing Association
520:Redundancy and pension payments, described to
4663:Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents
2904:
2850:United States Council for Automotive Research
2051:
1256:
1100:"Ford workers 'ready to strike' over closure"
1127:"The town fighting the Ford factory closure"
32:Approach road to the Ford Engine Plant, 2009
1207:"Ford To Produce New PAG 6-Cylinder Engine"
775:. Whatcar.com. 28 July 2009. Archived from
4668:Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders
2911:
2897:
2058:
2044:
1263:
1249:
867:. London: British Broadcasting Corporation
448:Ford failed to find a buyer for the site.
289:
242:After signing an investment deal with the
26:
3445:Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains
2920:Automotive industry in the United Kingdom
597:"Ford staff 'anxious' over job cut plans"
1204:
1177:Wim Oude Weernink and Bradford Wernle.
983:
959:"1,000 Bridgend Ford job cuts outlined"
858:
665:
4730:
4537:Vehicle & Operator Services Agency
2065:
530:A taskforce, sponsored jointly by the
257:
147:1,525,270 square feet (141,702 m)
4522:Driver & Vehicle Licensing Agency
2892:
2039:
1244:
1051:
1017:
953:
951:
888:
886:
884:
882:
711:
219:The plant's last Ford engine was the
4712:
2873:
707:
705:
703:
701:
699:
697:
695:
693:
691:
689:
661:
659:
657:
655:
653:
651:
624:
622:
620:
618:
304:ahead of its eventual transition to
2931:Manufacturing in the United Kingdom
1052:Jones, Teleri Glyn (24 June 2019).
920:"Global Operations: Bridgend Plant"
426:Ford decided against manufacturing
13:
1270:
948:
879:
674:. Twickenham: Haymarket Automotive
544:
347:), was introduced in 2012 and won
14:
4774:
1228:
1018:Neate, Rupert (8 December 2020).
686:
648:
615:
499:Member of Parliament for Bridgend
4711:
4702:
4701:
2872:
2863:
2862:
2540:Automotive Fuel Cell Cooperation
2205:
2020:
2019:
1382:
984:Ambrose, Jillian (7 July 2020).
859:Dickins, Sarah (25 March 2015).
666:Rendell, Julian (27 June 2019).
349:International Engine of the Year
4763:2020 disestablishments in Wales
4644:Institute of Advanced Motorists
3071:Alternative Chassis Engineering
3025:London Electric Vehicle Company
1198:
1170:
1144:
1118:
1092:
1045:
1011:
977:
944:. UKi Media & Events. 2018.
930:
912:
237:
4423:Constellation Automotive Group
2229:Automotive Components Holdings
817:
791:
765:
739:
589:
360:), which they named "Dragon."
280:
1:
4743:Manufacturing plants in Wales
4204:Transport Research Laboratory
2936:Economy of the United Kingdom
1438:Saarlouis Body & Assembly
712:Jolly, Jasper (6 June 2019).
582:
4758:1980 establishments in Wales
4532:Vehicle Certification Agency
536:Secretary of State for Wales
507:
495:European Union Customs Union
316:engines branded "EcoBoost."
7:
4468:National Tyres and Autocare
4245:Caparo Vehicle Technologies
1406:Cologne Body & Assembly
441:In the first half of 2019,
339:), producing up to 90
10:
4779:
3682:Whitley Engineering Centre
2800:Grimshaw v. Ford Motor Co.
2463:AutoAlliance International
2404:Special Vehicle Operations
418:
293:
271:just-in-time manufacturing
187:internal combustion engine
183:Ford Bridgend Engine Plant
4697:
4545:
4500:
4395:
4307:
4232:
4109:
4098:
3867:
3716:McLaren Technology Centre
3541:
3528:
3350:
3053:
2970:
2944:
2926:
2858:
2779:
2741:
2689:
2611:
2572:Getrag Ford Transmissions
2516:
2455:
2446:
2324:
2221:
2214:
2203:
2110:
2082:
2073:
2007:
1958:
1927:
1920:
1874:
1853:
1827:
1818:
1578:
1527:
1520:
1457:
1398:
1391:
1380:
1357:
1296:
1287:
1278:
306:battery electric vehicles
277:plant in September 2020.
161:
151:
143:
135:
114:
104:
67:
49:
41:
37:
25:
20:
4748:Ford of Europe factories
4603:Classic & Sports Car
4527:Driving Standards Agency
4517:Department for Transport
4463:Millbrook Proving Ground
3637:Electric Car Corporation
3485:Roger Dowson Engineering
3360:Advanced Engine Research
2749:M-Sport World Rally Team
2632:Michigan Central Station
2399:Premier Automotive Group
244:Welsh Development Agency
221:"Dragon" EcoBoost engine
4144:Grayson Thermal Systems
3096:British United Traction
2793:Dodge v. Ford Motor Co.
2626:Detroit Corktown campus
2394:New Holland Agriculture
1422:Dunton Technical Centre
475:to the £61M awarded to
409:Cardiff Business School
290:Dragon engine retooling
1430:Lommel Proving Grounds
1237:at Ford.com (archived)
1158:. The BBC. 1 July 2019
532:Welsh Economy Minister
479:in 2018, was refused.
89:51.494049°N 3.534508°W
4512:Automotive Council UK
4473:Pinewood Technologies
3662:Castle Bromwich plant
3405:Ford World Rally Team
3283:Shelvoke & Drewry
3238:Metro Cammell Weymann
2717:William Clay Ford Jr.
2471:AutoAlliance Thailand
1235:Bridgend Engine plant
563:Zetec-E (Zeta) engine
167:; 3 years ago
124:Zetec-E (Zeta) engine
21:Bridgend Engine Plant
4681:Top Gear (TV series)
4610:Coach & Bus Week
4360:Jack Barclay Bentley
2720:(Executive Chairman)
2409:Special Vehicle Team
2234:Changan Ford (China)
1751:Puma (sport compact)
296:Ford EcoBoost engine
94:51.494049; -3.534508
4674:Top Gear (magazine)
4433:Halfords Autocentre
4275:Laycock Engineering
3500:Triple Eight Racing
3400:Engine Developments
3328:Wales & Edwards
3248:Morrison-Electricar
3218:London Taxi Company
3020:Multidrive Vehicles
2637:Roosevelt Warehouse
805:on 14 December 2014
636:. 25 September 2020
438:from January 2021.
258:Jaguar engine plant
85: /
4330:Group 1 Automotive
3990:Marcos Engineering
3885:Armstrong Siddeley
3834:Marc Nordon Racing
3617:Brabham Automotive
2621:World Headquarters
2548:Changan Ford Mazda
2535:(Argentina/Brazil)
2447:Joint ventures and
2067:Ford Motor Company
1281:Ford Motor Company
302:tailpipe pollution
4725:
4724:
4504:regulatory bodies
4496:
4495:
4325:Ford Retail Group
4303:
4302:
4194:Tata Steel Europe
4159:Lotus Engineering
4094:
4093:
3647:Jaguar Land Rover
3415:Gibson Technology
3346:
3345:
3253:Northern Counties
3030:Mellor Coachcraft
2886:
2885:
2845:Pay on production
2607:
2606:
2442:
2441:
2367:Hertz Corporation
2201:
2200:
2033:
2032:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1875:Trucks and buses
1814:
1813:
1516:
1515:
1378:
1377:
965:. 11 January 2019
926:on 12 April 2015.
831:on 27 March 2011.
779:on 2 October 2009
603:. 16 January 2019
434:, hence beyond a
263:Jaguar Land Rover
179:
178:
172:25 September 2020
165:25 September 2020
4770:
4715:
4714:
4705:
4704:
4617:Commercial Motor
4413:Auto Windscreens
4372:Robins & Day
4280:Lucas Industries
4224:Zytek Automotive
4107:
4106:
4024:Peel Engineering
4010:Longbridge plant
3566:Volkswagen Group
3539:
3538:
3375:Arena Motorsport
3333:Walter Alexander
2978:Alexander Dennis
2968:
2967:
2955:
2954:
2913:
2906:
2899:
2890:
2889:
2876:
2875:
2866:
2865:
2764:World Rally Team
2729:
2721:
2713:
2600:
2592:
2584:
2576:
2568:
2560:
2552:
2544:
2536:
2528:
2509:
2505:Jiangling Motors
2501:
2493:
2480:
2467:
2453:
2452:
2219:
2218:
2209:
2194:
2186:
2178:
2170:
2162:
2154:
2146:
2138:
2130:
2122:
2080:
2079:
2060:
2053:
2046:
2037:
2036:
2023:
2022:
2012:Defunct division
1925:
1924:
1912:Transcontinental
1825:
1824:
1570:Puma (crossover)
1525:
1524:
1509:
1501:
1493:
1485:
1477:
1469:
1450:
1442:
1434:
1426:
1418:
1410:
1396:
1395:
1386:
1304:Carrozzeria Ghia
1294:
1293:
1265:
1258:
1251:
1242:
1241:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1078:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1049:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1038:
1015:
1009:
1008:
1006:
1004:
981:
975:
974:
972:
970:
955:
946:
945:
934:
928:
927:
916:
910:
909:
907:
905:
890:
877:
876:
874:
872:
856:
833:
832:
827:. Archived from
821:
815:
814:
812:
810:
801:. Archived from
795:
789:
788:
786:
784:
769:
763:
762:
760:
758:
743:
737:
736:
734:
732:
709:
684:
683:
681:
679:
663:
646:
645:
643:
641:
626:
613:
612:
610:
608:
593:
569:Volvo SI6 engine
436:customs frontier
389:Welsh Government
175:
173:
168:
156:Welsh Government
100:
99:
97:
96:
95:
90:
86:
83:
82:
81:
78:
30:
18:
17:
4778:
4777:
4773:
4772:
4771:
4769:
4768:
4767:
4728:
4727:
4726:
4721:
4693:
4541:
4505:
4503:
4492:
4391:
4299:
4295:White and Poppe
4228:
4174:Perkins Engines
4149:Johnson Matthey
4103:
4101:
4090:
3930:British Leyland
3863:
3535:
3532:
3524:
3475:Red Bull Racing
3342:
3323:Wadham Stringer
3313:Tilling-Stevens
3273:Seddon Atkinson
3141:East Lancashire
3076:Aveling-Barford
3049:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2951:
2947:
2940:
2922:
2917:
2887:
2882:
2854:
2775:
2737:
2733:List of leaders
2727:
2719:
2711:
2685:
2671:Proving grounds
2613:
2603:
2598:
2590:
2582:
2574:
2566:
2558:
2550:
2542:
2534:
2526:
2512:
2507:
2499:
2491:
2478:
2465:
2448:
2438:
2377:Daimler Company
2320:
2316:Southern Africa
2210:
2197:
2192:
2184:
2176:
2168:
2160:
2152:
2144:
2136:
2128:
2120:
2106:
2075:
2069:
2064:
2034:
2029:
2016:
1995:
1954:
1940:Transit Connect
1935:Transit Courier
1916:
1870:
1849:
1840:Tourneo Connect
1835:Tourneo Courier
1820:
1810:
1574:
1512:
1507:
1499:
1491:
1483:
1475:
1467:
1465:Bridgend Engine
1453:
1448:
1440:
1432:
1424:
1416:
1408:
1387:
1374:
1353:
1289:
1283:
1274:
1269:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1215:
1213:
1203:
1199:
1189:
1187:
1175:
1171:
1161:
1159:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1135:
1133:
1123:
1119:
1109:
1107:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1080:
1079:
1072:
1062:
1060:
1050:
1046:
1036:
1034:
1016:
1012:
1002:
1000:
982:
978:
968:
966:
957:
956:
949:
936:
935:
931:
918:
917:
913:
903:
901:
892:
891:
880:
870:
868:
857:
836:
823:
822:
818:
808:
806:
797:
796:
792:
782:
780:
771:
770:
766:
756:
754:
745:
744:
740:
730:
728:
710:
687:
677:
675:
664:
649:
639:
637:
628:
627:
616:
606:
604:
595:
594:
590:
585:
576:EcoBoost engine
547:
545:Former products
510:
488:Unite the Union
421:
310:direct-injected
298:
292:
283:
260:
240:
196:and located in
171:
169:
166:
129:EcoBoost engine
127:
122:
93:
91:
87:
84:
79:
76:
74:
72:
71:
33:
12:
11:
5:
4776:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4719:
4709:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4691:
4684:
4677:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4653:
4646:
4641:
4634:
4627:
4620:
4613:
4606:
4599:
4592:
4585:
4578:
4571:
4564:
4557:
4549:
4547:
4546:Related topics
4543:
4542:
4540:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4508:
4506:
4502:Government and
4501:
4498:
4497:
4494:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4488:We Buy Any Car
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4403:ATS Euromaster
4399:
4397:
4396:Other services
4393:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4363:
4362:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4311:
4309:
4305:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4236:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4227:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4140:
4139:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4113:
4111:
4104:
4099:
4096:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4071:Sunbeam-Talbot
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4047:
4046:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4015:
4014:
4013:
4012:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3940:Clément-Talbot
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3864:
3862:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3800:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3788:
3787:
3785:Ellesmere Port
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3736:
3735:
3730:
3720:
3719:
3718:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3679:
3677:Solihull plant
3674:
3672:Halewood plant
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3610:
3608:Goodwood plant
3600:
3595:
3590:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3551:
3545:
3543:
3536:
3529:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3370:AMR GP Limited
3367:
3365:Alpine F1 Team
3362:
3356:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3298:Straker-Squire
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3223:Longwell Green
3220:
3215:
3213:Leyland Motors
3210:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3048:
3047:
3042:
3040:REE Automotive
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3015:Leyland Trucks
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2974:
2972:
2965:
2958:
2952:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2916:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2893:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2870:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2835:Kinetic Design
2832:
2827:
2824:Ford v Ferrari
2820:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2783:
2781:
2780:Related topics
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2735:
2730:
2722:
2714:
2706:
2701:
2695:
2693:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2623:
2617:
2615:
2612:Facilities and
2609:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2593:
2591:(South Africa)
2585:
2577:
2569:
2561:
2553:
2545:
2537:
2529:
2520:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2502:
2494:
2486:
2481:
2473:
2468:
2459:
2457:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2380:
2379:
2369:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2347:Ford Aerospace
2344:
2339:
2334:
2328:
2326:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2294:United Kingdom
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2261:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2225:
2223:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2187:
2179:
2171:
2163:
2155:
2147:
2139:
2131:
2123:
2114:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2099:
2098:
2097:
2086:
2084:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2063:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2040:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2015:
2014:
2008:
2005:
2004:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1945:Transit Custom
1942:
1937:
1931:
1929:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1878:
1876:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1845:Tourneo Custom
1842:
1837:
1831:
1829:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1643:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1565:Mustang Mach-E
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1531:
1529:
1522:
1521:Passenger cars
1518:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1510:
1502:
1494:
1486:
1478:
1470:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1446:Valencia Plant
1443:
1435:
1427:
1419:
1414:Dagenham Plant
1411:
1402:
1400:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1344:United Kingdom
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1300:
1298:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1272:Ford of Europe
1268:
1267:
1260:
1253:
1245:
1239:
1238:
1230:
1229:External links
1227:
1224:
1223:
1211:Blue Oval News
1205:Staff Report.
1197:
1169:
1143:
1117:
1106:. 14 June 2019
1091:
1088:. 6 June 2019.
1070:
1044:
1010:
976:
947:
929:
911:
900:. 5 March 2020
878:
834:
816:
790:
764:
753:on 29 May 2009
738:
685:
647:
614:
587:
586:
584:
581:
580:
579:
572:
566:
560:
546:
543:
514:GDP per capita
509:
506:
486:by members of
432:United Kingdom
420:
417:
325:straight-three
321:"Fox" EcoBoost
291:
288:
282:
279:
259:
256:
254:of that year.
239:
236:
194:Ford of Europe
177:
176:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
145:
141:
140:
137:
133:
132:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
69:
65:
64:
62:United Kingdom
51:
47:
46:
43:
39:
38:
35:
34:
31:
23:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4775:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4718:
4710:
4708:
4700:
4699:
4696:
4690:
4689:
4685:
4683:
4682:
4678:
4676:
4675:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4658:
4654:
4652:
4651:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4635:
4633:
4632:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4607:
4605:
4604:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4586:
4584:
4583:
4579:
4577:
4576:
4572:
4570:
4569:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4558:
4556:
4555:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4544:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4499:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4458:Lex Autolease
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4400:
4398:
4394:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4361:
4358:
4357:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4306:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4270:Henry Meadows
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4250:Dunlop Rubber
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4231:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4138:
4137:GKN Driveline
4135:
4134:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4108:
4105:
4102:consultancies
4100:Suppliers and
4097:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
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3723:SAIC Motor UK
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3263:Reeve Burgess
3261:
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3112:
3111:Clough, Smith
3109:
3107:
3106:Charles H Roe
3104:
3102:
3101:Carlyle Works
3099:
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2817:The Ford Show
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2676:Transmissions
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1505:Trafford Park
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1156:www.bbc.co.uk
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505:
502:
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496:
491:
489:
485:
484:strike action
480:
478:
472:
470:
466:
462:
461:Mercedes-Benz
458:
455:
451:
446:
444:
439:
437:
433:
429:
424:
416:
412:
410:
405:
401:
397:
392:
390:
386:
383:181 million (
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
361:
359:
355:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
317:
315:
311:
307:
303:
297:
287:
278:
276:
275:Wolverhampton
272:
268:
264:
255:
253:
249:
245:
235:
232:
230:
226:
222:
217:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
188:
184:
164:
160:
157:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
125:
120:
117:
113:
110:
107:
103:
98:
70:
66:
63:
59:
55:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
29:
24:
19:
16:
4686:
4679:
4672:
4655:
4648:
4636:
4629:
4622:
4615:
4608:
4601:
4594:
4587:
4582:Auto Express
4580:
4573:
4566:
4559:
4552:
4315:Arnold Clark
4265:Hardy Spicer
4240:Abbey Panels
4127:Dunlop Tyres
3593:Oxford plant
3554:Aston Martin
3450:Mercedes AMG
3385:Chevron Cars
3005:IBC Vehicles
3000:Dennis Eagle
2822:
2815:
2798:
2791:
2742:Racing teams
2556:Ford Sollers
2497:Ford Vietnam
2476:Changan Ford
2332:Aston Martin
2215:Subsidiaries
2111:Discontinued
2011:
1631:Consul Capri
1464:
1288:Subsidiaries
1214:. Retrieved
1210:
1200:
1188:. Retrieved
1182:
1172:
1160:. Retrieved
1155:
1146:
1134:. Retrieved
1130:
1120:
1108:. Retrieved
1103:
1094:
1085:
1061:. Retrieved
1057:
1047:
1035:. Retrieved
1024:The Guardian
1023:
1013:
1001:. Retrieved
990:The Guardian
989:
979:
967:. Retrieved
962:
941:
932:
924:the original
914:
902:. Retrieved
898:The Guardian
897:
869:. Retrieved
864:
829:the original
819:
807:. Retrieved
803:the original
793:
781:. Retrieved
777:the original
767:
755:. Retrieved
751:the original
741:
729:. Retrieved
718:The Guardian
717:
676:. Retrieved
671:
640:25 September
638:. Retrieved
633:
605:. Retrieved
600:
591:
548:
540:
529:
523:
519:
511:
503:
492:
481:
473:
447:
440:
425:
422:
413:
393:
362:
329:displacement
318:
314:turbocharged
299:
284:
267:AJ-V8 engine
261:
241:
238:Construction
233:
225:Jaguar AJ-V8
218:
182:
180:
15:
4650:Motor Sport
4575:Auto Trader
4554:AM Magazine
4443:HiQ (tyres)
4308:Dealerships
4285:LucasVarity
4154:Kahn Design
4056:Rover Group
4044:Ryton plant
3965:Frazer Nash
3733:Eco Concept
3632:David Brown
3603:Rolls-Royce
3576:Crewe plant
3425:Kahn Design
3338:Willowbrook
3308:Thornycroft
3208:Leyland DAF
3203:Leyland Bus
3166:Southampton
2754:Performance
2704:Ford Family
2628:properties
2489:Ford Otosan
2484:Ford Lio Ho
2306:Philippines
2301:New Zealand
2161:(1938–2011)
2126:Continental
1545:Explorer EV
1497:Southampton
578:(2018–2020)
571:(2006–2015)
565:(1992–2004)
497:. The then
463:factory in
404:mild hybrid
281:Final years
131:(2009–2020)
126:(1992–2004)
121:(1980–2000)
92: /
68:Coordinates
4732:Categories
4638:Fifth Gear
4428:Green Flag
4179:Pilkington
4122:Cummins UK
3985:Lanchester
3950:Eagle Cars
3829:JBA Motors
3657:Land Rover
3505:Van Diemen
3490:Sumo Power
3395:Driftworks
3352:Motorsport
3258:Park Royal
2959:Commercial
2811:Ford Field
2806:Fordlândia
2725:Jim Farley
2709:Henry Ford
2654:Motorcraft
2564:Ford Union
2532:AutoLatina
2389:Land Rover
2362:Ford Japan
2357:Ford India
2311:Quick Lane
2074:Divisions/
1991:Escort Van
1819:Commercial
1796:Versailles
1392:Facilities
1290:and brands
1037:8 December
1003:8 December
607:27 January
583:References
356:(200
343:(120
337:cu in
294:See also:
214:Land Rover
119:CVH engine
109:Automotive
77:51°29′39″N
4688:What Car?
4568:Autosport
4453:LeasePlan
4408:Autoglass
4377:Stoneacre
4355:H.R. Owen
4164:Millbrook
3859:Westfield
3792:Westfield
3770:Toyota UK
3755:Overfinch
3745:Nissan UK
3689:Lightning
3533:producers
3480:RML Group
3435:Lola Cars
3045:Wrightbus
2963:producers
2787:Big Three
2712:(Founder)
2699:Designers
2666:Platforms
2649:Factories
2567:(Belarus)
2244:Argentina
2239:Australia
2193:(1939–65)
2185:(1946–61)
2177:(1949–76)
2169:(1985–89)
2150:Frontenac
2145:(1917–64)
2137:(1956–59)
2129:(1956–59)
2121:(1960–61)
1828:Minibuses
1756:Rheinland
1476:(Belgium)
1441:(Germany)
1433:(Belgium)
1409:(Germany)
1334:TrustFord
1136:31 August
1110:31 August
1063:31 August
1032:0261-3077
998:0261-3077
969:27 August
938:"Archive"
904:28 August
871:28 August
783:2 October
757:2 October
731:27 August
726:0261-3077
678:27 August
574:"Dragon"
508:Aftermath
471:instead.
457:offroader
454:Grenadier
428:batteries
352:150
335:(61
319:The 2012
192:owned by
136:Employees
80:3°32′04″W
4707:Category
4631:Fast Car
4448:Kwik Fit
4438:Halfords
4335:Inchcape
4320:Carcraft
4199:Tickford
4117:Cosworth
4086:Wolseley
4061:Standard
4000:MG Rover
3809:Caterham
3804:Kit cars
3780:Vauxhall
3627:Caterham
3510:Williams
3465:Prodrive
3460:Munchi's
3390:Cosworth
3288:Smith EV
3278:Sentinel
3268:Scammell
3233:Maudslay
3228:Marshall
3183:Hallford
3121:Crossley
2868:Category
2840:New Edge
2769:Munchi's
2681:Vehicles
2614:products
2599:(Brazil)
2583:(France)
2559:(Russia)
2384:Kwik-Fit
2342:Cosworth
2025:Category
1902:R series
1892:D series
1882:A series
1821:vehicles
1716:Maverick
1676:Explorer
1661:EcoSport
1540:Capri EV
1492:(France)
1481:Halewood
1190:30 March
1184:AutoWeek
1131:BBC News
1104:BBC News
1086:BBC News
1058:BBC News
963:BBC News
865:BBC News
634:BBC News
601:BBC News
534:and the
524:Guardian
377:Valencia
198:Bridgend
152:Owner(s)
115:Products
105:Industry
54:Bridgend
50:Location
4717:Commons
4561:Autocar
4350:Lookers
4340:Jardine
4290:Tomkins
4260:Gardner
4209:Unipart
4189:Ricardo
4110:Current
4076:Triumph
4066:Sunbeam
4029:Reliant
3995:Melling
3970:Gilbern
3945:Daimler
3915:Bristol
3905:Belsize
3844:Quantum
3814:Davrian
3760:Radical
3711:McLaren
3642:Ginetta
3571:Bentley
3559:Lagonda
3542:Current
3470:Radical
3455:M-Sport
3440:McLaren
3420:Hewland
3303:Sunbeam
3293:Stevens
3193:Karrier
3146:Eastern
3126:Daimler
3091:Bristol
3086:Bedford
2990:Arrival
2983:Plaxton
2971:Current
2961:vehicle
2949:marques
2878:Commons
2830:History
2759:Team RS
2644:Engines
2596:Troller
2580:Matford
2551:(China)
2543:(49.9%)
2524:Argo AI
2456:Current
2429:Visteon
2424:Troller
2337:Chariot
2289:Romania
2279:Ireland
2274:Germany
2222:Current
2182:Monarch
2158:Mercury
2142:Fordson
2102:Lincoln
2083:Current
2076:marques
1986:Courier
1950:Transit
1928:Current
1791:Vedette
1766:Scorpio
1741:Prefect
1736:Popular
1696:Granada
1641:Cortina
1636:Corsair
1616:Classic
1560:Mustang
1528:Current
1449:(Spain)
1399:Current
1365:Belarus
1358:Defunct
1349:Vignale
1329:Romania
1319:Ireland
1314:Germany
1297:Current
1162:26 July
809:6 April
672:Autocar
465:Hambach
419:Closure
375:), and
373:Romania
369:Craiova
365:Cologne
331:of 1.0
327:with a
190:factory
185:was an
170: (
162:Defunct
4657:Octane
4483:The AA
4382:Sytner
4367:Perrys
4345:JCT600
4255:Ferodo
4233:Former
4184:Quaife
4081:Trojan
4039:Rootes
4019:Morris
3980:Jowett
3975:Jensen
3935:Caparo
3895:Austin
3890:Ascari
3875:Allard
3868:Former
3765:Spyker
3740:Morgan
3694:Lister
3652:Jaguar
3622:Briggs
3410:Fortec
3380:Carlin
3318:Vulcan
3188:Jensen
3131:Dennis
3116:Commer
3066:Albion
3054:Former
3035:Optare
2691:People
2659:Mercon
2588:Samcor
2517:Former
2372:Jaguar
2325:Former
2284:Italia
2269:France
2264:Europe
2259:Credit
2254:Canada
2249:Brazil
2190:Thames
2174:Meteor
2166:Merkur
2153:(1960)
2095:Raptor
1907:Trader
1861:Ranger
1806:Zephyr
1786:Taunus
1781:Squire
1771:Sierra
1721:Mondeo
1691:Galaxy
1686:Fusion
1681:Fiesta
1671:Escort
1646:Cougar
1626:Consul
1621:Comète
1596:Anglia
1535:Bronco
1489:Poissy
1458:Former
1370:Latvia
1339:Turkey
1324:Italia
1309:France
1216:26 May
1030:
996:
724:
558:Escort
477:Nissan
469:France
396:Fiesta
252:Escort
216:cars.
210:Jaguar
4589:Buses
4387:Vertu
4219:Wipac
4034:Riley
3955:Fenix
3880:Alvis
3849:Sylva
3797:Zenos
3750:Noble
3704:Lotus
3699:Geely
3549:Ariel
3520:Xtrac
3515:Wirth
3430:Ilmor
3243:Modec
3178:Honda
3156:Foden
3136:Duple
2995:BEDEO
2728:(CEO)
2575:(50%)
2527:(42%)
2508:(32%)
2500:(60%)
2492:(41%)
2479:(50%)
2466:(50%)
2434:Volvo
2419:Th!nk
2134:Edsel
2118:Comet
1887:Cargo
1776:S-Max
1761:RS200
1746:Probe
1731:Pilot
1726:Orion
1666:Eifel
1651:C Ten
1611:C-Max
1606:Capri
1601:B-Max
1550:Focus
450:Ineos
443:Honda
333:litre
229:AJ-V6
206:Volvo
202:Wales
139:1,700
58:Wales
42:Built
4169:MIRA
3960:Ford
3910:Bond
3839:Onyx
3588:Mini
3161:Ford
2414:Spin
2090:Ford
1981:E83W
1976:400E
1971:307E
1966:300E
1959:Past
1921:Vans
1866:P100
1711:Köln
1579:Past
1555:Kuga
1508:(UK)
1500:(UK)
1484:(UK)
1473:Genk
1468:(UK)
1425:(UK)
1417:(UK)
1218:2006
1192:2006
1164:2019
1138:2020
1112:2020
1065:2020
1039:2020
1028:ISSN
1005:2020
994:ISSN
971:2020
906:2020
873:2020
811:2011
785:2009
759:2009
733:2020
722:ISSN
680:2020
642:2020
609:2019
522:the
398:and
385:US$
323:, a
227:and
212:and
181:The
144:Area
45:1980
4624:Evo
4596:Car
4478:RAC
4214:WMG
4132:GKN
3925:BMH
3920:BMC
3824:GTM
3819:GKD
3775:TVR
3583:BMW
3198:LDV
3173:Guy
3151:ERF
3081:AWD
3061:AEC
3010:JCB
2352:FPV
554:CVH
248:CVH
4734::
4005:MG
3728:MG
1897:FK
1706:Ka
1701:GT
1656:CX
1591:7Y
1586:7W
1209:.
1181:.
1154:.
1129:.
1102:.
1084:.
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688:^
670:.
650:^
632:.
617:^
599:.
467:,
400:Ka
367:,
358:PS
354:kW
345:PS
341:kW
312:,
208:,
200:,
60:,
56:,
2912:e
2905:t
2898:v
2059:e
2052:t
2045:v
1801:Y
1264:e
1257:t
1250:v
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1166:.
1140:.
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1067:.
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381:£
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