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and became
Francis I of Austria. Taking the colours of the banner of the Holy Roman Emperor, the flag of the Austrian Empire was black and gold. Francis II was the last Holy Roman Emperor, with Napoleon forcing the empire's dissolution in 1806. After this point, these colours continued to be used as
191:
in the 12th to 14th centuries, the armies of the
Ghibelline (pro-imperial) communes adopted the war banner of the Holy Roman Emperor (white cross on red) as their own, while the Guelph (anti-imperial) communes reversed the colours (red cross on white). These two schemes are prevalent in the modern
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It likely developed in the 12th century during the crusades, and was in use as
Imperial War Flag during the 13th and early 14th centuries. It was smaller than the imperial banner, carried before the emperor or his appointed commander in
168:(13th–17th centuries). Hanseatic trading ships were identifiable by their red-white pennants and most Hanseatic cities adopted red and white as their city colours (see
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apparently showed a white cross on a red field. It was the sign of the united armed forces of the Empire until the late 15th century, but it could be sent by the
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The
Imperial banner with an escutcheon of the coat of arms of Maximilian I (gules a fess argent, impaling bendy of six Or and azure a bordure gules)
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of northern
Italian towns and remains a revealing indicator of their past factional leanings. Traditionally Ghibelline towns like
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from the 12th century; this is reflected in the flag of Geneva, which since the 15th century has shown both the
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was flown alongside the black-gold imperial banner. This flag, known as the "Saint George Flag", was a white
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on a golden background. After the late 13th or early 14th century, the claws and beak of the
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continue to display the
Ghibelline cross. The Guelph cross can be found on the civic
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of 1897 (under the heading "Banner"), the German
Imperial Banner at the time of
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The earliest
Imperial Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor and royal banner of the
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De
Vexillo Imperii Primario, vulgo Reichs-Sturm-Fahne Commentatio Academica
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with the
Imperial Banner, bordered in crimson and parti-colored fringe. (
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displayed with langued gules, dimidiated with bendy of gules and argent
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The Imperial banner with an escutcheon of the coat of arms of Charles V
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traditionally granted to Swabian nobles. In 1336, it was granted to
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632:. The flag showed the imperial eagle in a square field, with a red
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1198–1215) an eagle hovering over a dragon, and since the time of
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Coats of arms of the Holy Roman Empire § Other states
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took to displaying symbols of the empire, especially the
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were used as the colours of the imperial banner, a black
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In the late medieval period, the cross design of the
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until the 19th century. The flag itself was kept in
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to local lords to sanction them in their defense of
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displayed with a halo sable armed and langued gules
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displayed with a halo sable armed and langued gules
136:were also significant during this period. When the
1041:1350s disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire
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16:Imperial banners used by Holy Roman Emperor
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164:. Red and white were also colours of the
152:on a red background: the reverse of the
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475:Imperial Banner of
440:Imperial Banner of
110:First French Empire
99:double-headed eagle
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661:Reichserzmarschall
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317:Description
245:
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182:
156:used as the
131:
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572:Landfrieden
559:Reichsfahne
531:Reichsfahne
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347:eagle sable
226:Alessandria
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1020:Categories
946:2008-02-26
922:References
911:, divided
449:escutcheon
101:was used.
65:was not a
827:Memmingen
636:Schwenkel
626:Stuttgart
589:in 1415.
587:Habsburgs
549:Henry III
545:Conrad II
510:Charles V
504:1519–1556
481:Charles V
471:1493–1556
436:1437–1493
349:displayed
292:Sigismund
104:In 1804,
913:per pale
700:War flag
577:. Thus,
537:gonfalon
523:War flag
222:Vercelli
194:heraldry
146:war flag
142:Crusades
992:(1727).
821:of the
707:battle.
451:of the
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162:England
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230:Reggio
208:, and
202:Novara
192:civic
178:Bremen
71:banner
959:Fahne
844:gules
796:Date
793:Flag
779:Some
675:Date
672:Flag
403:–1806
311:Date
218:Milan
198:Pavia
150:cross
134:white
91:eagle
87:eagle
79:black
834:pale
832:Per
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799:Use
773:and
678:Use
606:fief
565:king
547:and
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314:Use
214:arms
210:Asti
206:Como
160:and
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176:or
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