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Flag of the Soviet Union

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state — the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics". On 30 December 1922, the Congress adopted a Declaration and Agreement on the establishment of the USSR. Article 22 of the Agreement states: "The USSR has a flag, coat of arms and a state seal." The description of the first flag was given in the
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For vertical display, the flag was made with the distinct difference of having the hammer and sickle rotated 90 degrees in order to compensate for the change in dimensions. Although common in official practice, a typical flag owner would simply turn a standard design flag 90 degrees to the right and
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In the third session of the CIK of the USSR, the description of Soviet flag in the Constitution was changed, and article 71 was edited to read: "The state flag of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics consists of a red or scarlet field, and in the canton a golden sickle and hammer, and a red
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The first official flag was adopted in December 1922 at the First Congress of Soviets of the USSR. It was agreed that the red banner "was transformed from the symbol of the Party to the symbol of a state, and around that flag gathered the peoples of the soviet republics to unite into one
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The first flag was adopted in December 1922. In 1923, 1924, 1936 and 1955, statutes were adopted that resulted in adjustments to the hammer's handle length and the sickle's shape. In 1980, an amendment was made to the 1955 decree that removed the hammer and sickle displayed on the
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on 1 May 1945) status similar to that of the national flag. The hammer and sickle were removed from the flag, leaving only the star, but they were reinstated later. On certain holidays, the Victory Banner is flown along with the Russian flag.
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Officially since 1980, the reverse side of the flag was a plain red field without the hammer and sickle. In practice, however, this was very commonly disregarded by flag makers as it was far easier and less costly to simply print the flag
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of the flag's height. The sharp tip of the sickle lies in the center of the upper side of the square, and the handles of the hammer and sickle rest in the bottom corners of the square. The length of the hammer and its handle is
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The flag's design was legislated in 1955, which gave a clear way to define and create the flag. This resulted in a change of the hammer's handle length and the shape of the sickle. The adopted statute stated that:
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five-pointed star bordered in gold above them. The ratio of width to length is 1:2." On 19 August 1955, the Statute on the State Flag of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was adopted by a decision of the
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with the state coat of arms in the center. However, such a flag was never mass-produced. This flag was the official flag for four months, and was replaced as the official flag by the more familiar
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or Transnistria, is an unrecognized breakaway republic formed in 1991 after the breakup of the Soviet Union from territory internationally recognized as part of Moldova after the
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The plain red flag, which was a traditional revolutionary symbol long before 1917, was incorporated into the Soviet flag to pay tribute to the international aspect of the
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on which the flag was eventually based. The idea was dismissed as too visually aggressive, with Lenin apparently affirming, "A sword is not one of our symbols."
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and his followers had considered the inclusion of a sword symbol in addition to the hammer and sickle as part of the
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bordered in gold. The flag's design and symbolism are derived from several sources, but emerged during the
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In vexillology, defacement is the addition of a symbol or charge to a flag.
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of the flag's height. The distance from the upper side of the flag to the center of the star is
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In current times, the Soviet national flag (and similar flags) are widely used by those on the
545: 285: 4087: 4528: 4121: 3957: 3604: 2576: 2325:"Путин принял участие в церемонии поднятия флагов РФ, СССР и Российской империи в Петербурге" 1488: 1143: 848: 164: 77: 2265:"Ukraine: Russian troops flying Soviet flag, symbol of 're-establishing Russian domination'" 4473: 4438: 4393: 4126: 4077: 3366: 3229: 3049: 2847: 2561: 1610: 1415: 880: 863: 624: 3453: 8: 4543: 4363: 4358: 4253: 4214: 4057: 3623: 3593: 3322: 3127: 3056: 2864: 2713: 2591: 2513: 2486: 2209: 1861: 1836: 1822: 926: 832: 772: 659: 608: 581: 514: 510: 426: 139: 2352:"Путин с катера наблюдал за поднятием в Петербурге флагов РФ, СССР и Российской империи" 4483: 4458: 4373: 4353: 4303: 4273: 4263: 4027: 3987: 3967: 3947: 3850: 3460: 3371: 2688: 2601: 2491: 2481: 2329: 2302: 2054: 1473: 1186: 530: 301: 203: 760: 4598: 4569: 4448: 4443: 4323: 4154: 3962: 3568: 3508: 3287: 3073: 2769: 2571: 2556: 2498: 2298:"В Петербурге на высоту 179 метров торжественно подняли флаги трёх исторических эпох" 2239:"КПРФ внесла в Госдуму законопроект, предлагающий установить флаг СССР флагом России" 2238: 2214: 2154: 2006: 1996: 1856: 1041: 876: 836: 748: 663: 620: 522: 143: 4513: 4463: 4418: 4398: 4388: 4288: 4174: 4159: 4106: 4042: 4037: 4012: 3870: 1904: 933: 714:
The distance of the vertical axis of the star, hammer and sickle from the hoist is
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of the flag's height, the circle being tangent to the upper side of the square.
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The Soviet flag along with an assortment of Russian and Soviet military flags
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design during the third session of the CIK of the USSR on 12 November 1923.
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The vertical display of the Soviet flag as it appeared from 1980 to 1991.
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as a whole, recognized as such in international circles, even after the
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Official Construction Sheet for the State Flag of the USSR (1955–1991).
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On June 17, 2023, during the celebration for the 300th anniversary of
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by invading Russian forces over the course of the war along with the
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The reverse side of the Soviet flag as it appeared from 1980 to 1991.
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The five-pointed star is inscribed into a circle with a diameter of
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Gosudarstvenny flag Soyuza Sovyetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik
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The Soviet flag is also actively promoted in Russia as a symbol of
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status as being only one-sided is that of the Soviet flag atop the
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to unify and enlighten the workers and peasants in the building of
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signed a presidential decree giving the Soviet flag (called the
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Digital remake of the flag that was raised over the Reichstag
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Byelorussian SSR (1951–91) (served as an inspiration for the
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The hammer and sickle are in a square with sides equal to
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was a short-lived Union Republic formed in 1940 from the
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Flags of the Soviet Republics flown during a parade in
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Soviet symbols including its flag became very extensive
19:"Flag of the USSR" redirects here. For other uses, see 3666:
Flag of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
1958:"Flag of Flag of Union of Soviet Socialist Republics" 1932:. In 1956, it was demoted back to an ASSR within the 504: 482: 467:
State Flag of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
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Historical evolution of the flag of the Soviet Union
2153:(in Russian). Moscow: Izd-vo Transport. p. . 1991:. Smith, Whitney. New York: McGraw-Hill. pp.  1984: 580:The flag of the Soviet Union consisted of a plain 4615: 3308:Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences 917:the adoption of the Soviet flag as the official 674:The ratio of width to length of the flag is 1:2. 3654:Flags of the Soviet Union and Soviet Republics 1347:Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic 936:, the respective flags of the Russian Empire ( 4222: 3801: 3631: 2444: 1955: 862:, after the banner that was raised above the 492: 470: 446: 51: 29: 2172:Russian Centre of Vexillology and Heraldry. 1852:Flags whose reverse differs from the obverse 1057:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 783:which bore the single-side official design. 2205:"Putin Seeks Restoration Of Soviet Symbols" 845:Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR 57: 4229: 4215: 3808: 3794: 3638: 3624: 2451: 2437: 1794:One of the last Soviet flags flown on the 453: 439: 1044:or modified versions of the Soviet flag. 911:Communist Party of the Russian Federation 31:Союз Советских Социалистических Республик 1982: 1653:Karelo-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic 759: 747: 4639:1923 establishments in the Soviet Union 2458: 2202: 575: 142:, with the canton consisting of a gold 4616: 2477:Index of Soviet Union–related articles 2078:"Construction details of Soviet flags" 2056:Положение о государственном флаге СССР 1113:Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic 4210: 3789: 3619: 2432: 2262: 970:(30 December 1922 – 12 November 1923) 870: 4629:National symbols of the Soviet Union 2149:Konstantin AndreevichIvanov (1971). 2102:"Reverse of the flag - Soviet Union" 1318:Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic 1217:Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic 638:workers while the sickle symbolises 3815: 2165: 1389:Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic 1072:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic 1018:(19 August 1955 – 26 December 1991) 596:. This symbol is in the upper left 558:Communist Party of the Soviet Union 27:Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 13: 4086: 2278:from the original on 27 April 2022 2126:"Vertical hoisting – Soviet Union" 1825:in 2014, in front of a Soviet flag 1626:Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic 1540:Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic 1202:Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic 1006:(5 December 1936 – 19 August 1955) 982:(12 November 1923 – 18 April 1924) 951:were raised simultaneously at the 879:, most often by those who support 739: 204:Great October Socialist Revolution 181: 14: 4665: 4236: 4196:Sovereign Military Order of Malta 2401: 1901:Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic 1737:Raising a Flag over the Reichstag 1583:Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic 1470:Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic 1431:Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic 1416:Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic 994:(18 April 1924 – 5 December 1936) 887:) flags are occasionally used by 21:Flag of the USSR (disambiguation) 4597: 4588: 4587: 3675: 3647: 3600: 3599: 3587: 2407: 2263:Young, Pareisa (11 March 2022). 2151:Flags of the states of the world 1872:State Emblem of the Soviet Union 1810: 1787: 1768: 1756: 1744: 1728: 1706: 1691: 1672: 1660: 1645: 1633: 1618: 1602: 1590: 1575: 1561: 1547: 1532: 1520: 1508: 1496: 1481: 1462: 1450: 1438: 1423: 1408: 1396: 1382: 1368: 1354: 1339: 1325: 1310: 1296: 1282: 1268: 1254: 1240: 1224: 1209: 1194: 1178: 1166: 1159:Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic 1151: 1136: 1120: 1105: 1100:Flag of the Ukrainian SSR (1990) 1093: 1079: 1064: 1049: 1023: 1011: 999: 987: 975: 963: 907:2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine 799:During the establishment of the 791:(not flipped like the US flag). 420: 98: 93: 42: 2371: 2344: 2317: 2290: 2256: 2231: 2196: 1987:Flags and arms across the world 1910: 1893: 1884: 1489:Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic 1144:Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic 592:placed beneath a gold-bordered 539:dissolution of the Soviet Union 16:National flag from 1922 to 1991 4555:British Indian Ocean Territory 2142: 2118: 2094: 2070: 2043: 2017: 1976: 1949: 921:on April 19, 2022. The use of 900:nostalgia for the Soviet Union 1: 3140:Political abuse of psychiatry 2932:Congress of People's Deputies 2203:Hoffman, David (2000-12-05). 2051:USSR Supreme Soviet Presidium 1943: 1847:Flags of the Soviet Republics 1030:flags of the Soviet republics 120:19 August 1955 (last version) 1667:Karelo-Finnish SSR (1953–56) 883:, although the earlier (pre- 650:class, form the state. The 634:The hammer symbolises urban 570:flags of the Union Republics 7: 3303:Academy of Medical Sciences 1830: 905:Amidst the backdrop of the 505: 483: 174:Culture of the Soviet Union 10: 4670: 1924:with territory ceded from 1721: 794: 18: 4624:Flags of the Soviet Union 4583: 4542: 4502: 4244: 4183: 4135: 4097: 4084: 3823: 3684: 3673: 3660: 3581: 3525: 3499: 3419: 3342: 3333: 3278: 3185: 3148: 3088: 2991: 2953: 2873: 2735: 2726: 2676: 2624: 2615: 2467: 2414:Flags of the Soviet Union 1800:Checkpoint Charlie Museum 1403:Moldavian SSR (1952–1990) 493: 471: 154: 134: 124: 114: 106: 76: 52: 50: 41: 37: 30: 4644:Flags introduced in 1923 4304:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 2387:(in Russian). 2023-06-17 2333:(in Russian). 2023-06-17 2306:(in Russian). 2023-06-17 2055: 1983:Whitney., Smith (1980). 1877: 891:and those on the modern 817:1924 Soviet Constitution 552:) and the sickle (i.e., 118:December 1922 (original) 4634:Obsolete national flags 4565:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 3594:Soviet Union portal 1963:Encyclopædia Britannica 1819:Armed Forces of Belarus 1714:Flag of Vladimir Oblast 1699:Flag of Vladimir Oblast 938:Black-yellow-white flag 827:field with the state's 801:Russian Soviet Republic 698:of the square diagonal. 646:)—who together, as the 427:Soviet Union portal 4091: 3866:Bosnia and Herzegovina 3486:Stalinist architecture 3240:Science and technology 3150:Ideological repression 3078:Soviet Airborne Forces 3016:Destruction battalions 2384:Moskovskij Komsomolets 1956:Whitney Smith (2008). 1640:Estonian SSR (1953–90) 765: 753: 745: 186: 4090: 3268:List of metro systems 2821:Collective leadership 1779:, the capital of the 1597:Turkmen SSR (1953–73) 1457:Latvian SSR (1967–90) 1445:Latvian SSR (1953–67) 1032:that constituted the 947:), Soviet Union, and 849:post-Soviet republics 763: 751: 743: 734:of the flag's height. 185: 4649:Red and yellow flags 4479:United Arab Emirates 3230:Net material product 3173:Censorship of images 3090:Political repression 3050:Soviet Border Troops 2983:First Deputy Premier 2567:1965 economic reform 2562:Soviet space program 2416:at Wikimedia Commons 1821:pays tribute to the 1173:Kazakh SSR (1940–53) 625:symbols of communism 588:crossed with a gold 576:Symbolism and design 374:World Heritage Sites 4506:limited recognition 4098:States with limited 3298:Academy of Sciences 3113:Population transfer 3057:Soviet Armed Forces 2920:Congress of Soviets 2901:Presidium/Politburo 2865:Soviet anti-Zionism 2714:West Siberian Plain 2592:Revolutions of 1989 2529:Great Patriotic War 2514:New Economic Policy 2210:The Washington Post 2184:on 21 February 2014 1837:Communist symbolism 1798:, displayed at the 1684:Great Patriotic War 1527:Tajik SSR (1953–91) 1515:Tajik SSR (1940–53) 1503:Tajik SSR (1938–40) 773:through and through 566:flag's reverse side 546:workers' revolution 527:red five-point star 209:Great Patriotic War 148:red five-point star 34: 4092: 2943:Military Collegium 2811:Capital punishment 2689:Caucasus Mountains 2602:Post-Soviet states 2482:Russian Revolution 2424:Flags of the World 2330:Rossiyskaya Gazeta 2303:Rossiyskaya Gazeta 2053:(19 August 1955). 1918:Karelo-Finnish SSR 949:Russian Federation 877:political far left 871:Contemporary usage 766: 754: 746: 531:Russian Revolution 187: 26: 4611: 4610: 4548:other territories 4204: 4203: 3783: 3782: 3760: 3717: 3613: 3612: 3577: 3576: 3569:Hammer and sickle 3511:and their groups 3509:Soviet dissidents 3288:Communist Academy 3205:Economic planning 3181: 3180: 3074:Soviet Air Forces 2993:Security services 2913:General Secretary 2896:Central Committee 2838:Political parties 2770:Brezhnev Doctrine 2765:Foreign relations 2722: 2721: 2663:Autonomous okrugs 2577:Soviet–Afghan War 2557:Sino-Soviet split 2499:Russian Civil War 2412:Media related to 2178:vexillographia.ru 1857:Hammer and sickle 854:On 15 April 1996 837:hammer and sickle 660:socialist society 621:hammer and sickle 600:of the red flag. 523:hammer and sickle 517:displayed in the 515:communist symbols 503: 487:), or simply the 481: 463: 462: 158: 157: 144:hammer and sickle 4661: 4654:Flags with stars 4601: 4591: 4590: 4560:Christmas Island 4246:Sovereign states 4231: 4224: 4217: 4208: 4207: 4136:Dependencies and 3824:Sovereign states 3810: 3803: 3796: 3787: 3786: 3758: 3715: 3679: 3652: 3651: 3640: 3633: 3626: 3617: 3616: 3603: 3602: 3592: 3591: 3590: 3340: 3339: 3248: 3103:Collectivization 2848:Marxism–Leninism 2733: 2732: 2622: 2621: 2453: 2446: 2439: 2430: 2429: 2411: 2396: 2395: 2393: 2392: 2375: 2369: 2368: 2366: 2365: 2348: 2342: 2341: 2339: 2338: 2321: 2315: 2314: 2312: 2311: 2294: 2288: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2269:The Observers - 2260: 2254: 2253: 2251: 2250: 2235: 2229: 2228: 2226: 2225: 2200: 2194: 2193: 2191: 2189: 2180:. Archived from 2169: 2163: 2162: 2146: 2140: 2139: 2137: 2136: 2122: 2116: 2115: 2113: 2112: 2098: 2092: 2091: 2089: 2088: 2074: 2068: 2067: 2065: 2064: 2047: 2041: 2040: 2038: 2036: 2021: 2015: 2014: 1990: 1980: 1974: 1973: 1971: 1970: 1953: 1937: 1914: 1908: 1905:Transnistria War 1897: 1891: 1888: 1814: 1791: 1772: 1760: 1748: 1732: 1710: 1695: 1676: 1664: 1649: 1637: 1622: 1609:Turkmen SSR and 1606: 1594: 1579: 1565: 1551: 1536: 1524: 1512: 1500: 1485: 1466: 1454: 1442: 1427: 1412: 1400: 1386: 1372: 1358: 1343: 1329: 1314: 1300: 1286: 1272: 1258: 1244: 1228: 1213: 1198: 1182: 1170: 1155: 1140: 1124: 1109: 1097: 1083: 1068: 1053: 1015: 1003: 991: 979: 967: 946: 934:Saint Petersburg 913:proposed to the 881:Marxism–Leninism 733: 732: 728: 723: 722: 718: 710: 709: 705: 697: 696: 692: 686: 685: 681: 615:of 1871 and the 525:topped off by a 508: 498: 496: 495: 486: 476: 474: 473: 455: 448: 441: 425: 424: 423: 184: 176: 160: 159: 150:bordered in gold 146:topped off by a 129:26 December 1991 102: 97: 71: 68: 65: 62: 59: 55: 54: 46: 35: 33: 32: 25: 4669: 4668: 4664: 4663: 4662: 4660: 4659: 4658: 4614: 4613: 4612: 4607: 4579: 4547: 4538: 4519:Northern Cyprus 4505: 4498: 4240: 4235: 4205: 4200: 4179: 4137: 4131: 4117:Northern Cyprus 4099: 4093: 4082: 3998:North Macedonia 3819: 3817:Flags of Europe 3814: 3784: 3779: 3714:Karelo-Finland 3680: 3671: 3656: 3646: 3644: 3614: 3609: 3588: 3586: 3573: 3521: 3495: 3415: 3329: 3274: 3246: 3220:Internet domain 3215:Five-year plans 3177: 3144: 3084: 2987: 2949: 2881:Communist Party 2869: 2828:Passport system 2718: 2694:European Russia 2672: 2611: 2552:Khrushchev Thaw 2531:(World War II) 2509:Creation treaty 2463: 2457: 2404: 2399: 2390: 2388: 2377: 2376: 2372: 2363: 2361: 2350: 2349: 2345: 2336: 2334: 2323: 2322: 2318: 2309: 2307: 2296: 2295: 2291: 2281: 2279: 2261: 2257: 2248: 2246: 2237: 2236: 2232: 2223: 2221: 2201: 2197: 2187: 2185: 2170: 2166: 2147: 2143: 2134: 2132: 2124: 2123: 2119: 2110: 2108: 2100: 2099: 2095: 2086: 2084: 2076: 2075: 2071: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2048: 2044: 2034: 2032: 2023: 2022: 2018: 2003: 1981: 1977: 1968: 1966: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1941: 1940: 1915: 1911: 1898: 1894: 1889: 1885: 1880: 1833: 1826: 1815: 1806: 1792: 1783: 1773: 1764: 1761: 1752: 1749: 1740: 1733: 1724: 1717: 1716:(2017–present) 1711: 1702: 1696: 1687: 1677: 1668: 1665: 1656: 1650: 1641: 1638: 1629: 1623: 1614: 1607: 1598: 1595: 1586: 1580: 1571: 1569: 1566: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1543: 1537: 1528: 1525: 1516: 1513: 1504: 1501: 1492: 1486: 1477: 1467: 1458: 1455: 1446: 1443: 1434: 1428: 1419: 1413: 1404: 1401: 1392: 1390: 1387: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1364: 1362: 1359: 1350: 1344: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1321: 1315: 1306: 1304: 1301: 1292: 1290: 1287: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1236: 1234: 1229: 1220: 1214: 1205: 1199: 1190: 1185:Kazakh SSR and 1183: 1174: 1171: 1162: 1156: 1147: 1141: 1132: 1129:flag of Belarus 1125: 1116: 1110: 1101: 1098: 1089: 1087: 1084: 1075: 1069: 1060: 1054: 1026: 1019: 1016: 1007: 1004: 995: 992: 983: 980: 971: 968: 953:Gulf of Finland 940: 873: 797: 787:hang it by the 768: 767: 756: 755: 730: 726: 725: 720: 716: 715: 707: 703: 702: 694: 690: 689: 683: 679: 678: 656:Communist Party 654:represents the 578: 459: 421: 419: 412: 411: 404:National anthem 389: 388: 379: 378: 369: 368: 352: 351: 322: 321: 296: 295: 281: 280: 271: 270: 261: 260: 214: 213: 199: 198: 182: 172: 119: 69: 66: 63: 60: 28: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4667: 4657: 4656: 4651: 4646: 4641: 4636: 4631: 4626: 4609: 4608: 4606: 4605: 4595: 4584: 4581: 4580: 4578: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4551: 4549: 4540: 4539: 4537: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4510: 4508: 4500: 4499: 4497: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4250: 4248: 4242: 4241: 4234: 4233: 4226: 4219: 4211: 4202: 4201: 4199: 4198: 4193: 4191:European Union 4187: 4185: 4184:Other entities 4181: 4180: 4178: 4177: 4172: 4167: 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4141: 4139: 4138:other entities 4133: 4132: 4130: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4103: 4101: 4095: 4094: 4085: 4083: 4081: 4080: 4075: 4073:United Kingdom 4070: 4065: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3886:Czech Republic 3883: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3827: 3825: 3821: 3820: 3813: 3812: 3805: 3798: 3790: 3781: 3780: 3778: 3777: 3772: 3767: 3762: 3757:Transcaucasia 3754: 3749: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3719: 3711: 3706: 3701: 3696: 3691: 3685: 3682: 3681: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3669: 3661: 3658: 3657: 3643: 3642: 3635: 3628: 3620: 3611: 3610: 3608: 3607: 3597: 3582: 3579: 3578: 3575: 3574: 3572: 3571: 3566: 3565: 3564: 3554: 3553: 3552: 3542: 3541: 3540: 3529: 3527: 3523: 3522: 3520: 3519: 3518: 3517: 3505: 3503: 3497: 3496: 3494: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3457: 3456: 3446: 3441: 3436: 3431: 3425: 3423: 3417: 3416: 3414: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3402: 3401: 3396: 3386: 3381: 3376: 3375: 3374: 3369: 3364: 3354: 3349: 3343: 3337: 3331: 3330: 3328: 3327: 3326: 3325: 3315: 3310: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3284: 3282: 3276: 3275: 3273: 3272: 3271: 3270: 3265: 3263:Rail transport 3260: 3258:Railway system 3250: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3227: 3222: 3217: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3191: 3189: 3183: 3182: 3179: 3178: 3176: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3154: 3152: 3146: 3145: 3143: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3131: 3130: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3094: 3092: 3086: 3085: 3083: 3082: 3081: 3080: 3054: 3053: 3052: 3047: 3037: 3032: 3031: 3030: 3020: 3019: 3018: 3008: 3003: 2997: 2995: 2989: 2988: 2986: 2985: 2980: 2978:Deputy Premier 2975: 2970: 2969: 2968: 2961:Heads of state 2957: 2955: 2951: 2950: 2948: 2947: 2946: 2945: 2935: 2929: 2926:Supreme Soviet 2923: 2917: 2916: 2915: 2910: 2909: 2908: 2903: 2893: 2888: 2877: 2875: 2871: 2870: 2868: 2867: 2862: 2861: 2860: 2855: 2850: 2843:State ideology 2840: 2835: 2830: 2825: 2824: 2823: 2813: 2808: 2803: 2802: 2801: 2791: 2790: 2789: 2779: 2774: 2773: 2772: 2762: 2757: 2756: 2755: 2750: 2739: 2737: 2730: 2724: 2723: 2720: 2719: 2717: 2716: 2711: 2709:Ural Mountains 2706: 2701: 2699:North Caucasus 2696: 2691: 2686: 2680: 2678: 2674: 2673: 2671: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2659: 2658: 2648: 2643: 2642: 2641: 2630: 2628: 2619: 2613: 2612: 2610: 2609: 2604: 2599: 2594: 2589: 2584: 2579: 2574: 2569: 2564: 2559: 2554: 2549: 2544: 2543: 2542: 2537: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2511: 2506: 2501: 2496: 2495: 2494: 2489: 2479: 2473: 2471: 2465: 2464: 2456: 2455: 2448: 2441: 2433: 2427: 2426: 2417: 2403: 2402:External links 2400: 2398: 2397: 2370: 2343: 2316: 2289: 2255: 2230: 2195: 2164: 2141: 2117: 2093: 2069: 2042: 2016: 2001: 1975: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1938: 1909: 1892: 1882: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1875: 1874: 1869: 1864: 1859: 1854: 1849: 1844: 1842:Flag of Russia 1839: 1832: 1829: 1828: 1827: 1817:Member of the 1816: 1809: 1807: 1793: 1786: 1784: 1774: 1767: 1765: 1762: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1743: 1741: 1734: 1727: 1723: 1720: 1719: 1718: 1712: 1705: 1703: 1697: 1690: 1688: 1680:Victory Banner 1678: 1671: 1669: 1666: 1659: 1657: 1651: 1644: 1642: 1639: 1632: 1630: 1624: 1617: 1615: 1608: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1589: 1587: 1581: 1574: 1572: 1567: 1560: 1558: 1553: 1546: 1544: 1538: 1531: 1529: 1526: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1507: 1505: 1502: 1495: 1493: 1487: 1480: 1478: 1468: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1449: 1447: 1444: 1437: 1435: 1429: 1422: 1420: 1418:(1991–present) 1414: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1395: 1393: 1388: 1381: 1379: 1375:Moldavian ASSR 1374: 1367: 1365: 1361:Moldavian ASSR 1360: 1353: 1351: 1345: 1338: 1336: 1332:Lithuanian SSR 1331: 1324: 1322: 1316: 1309: 1307: 1303:Azerbaijan SSR 1302: 1295: 1293: 1289:Azerbaijan SSR 1288: 1281: 1279: 1275:Azerbaijan SSR 1274: 1267: 1265: 1261:Azerbaijan SSR 1260: 1253: 1251: 1247:Azerbaijan SSR 1246: 1239: 1237: 1232:Azerbaijan SSR 1230: 1223: 1221: 1215: 1208: 1206: 1200: 1193: 1191: 1184: 1177: 1175: 1172: 1165: 1163: 1157: 1150: 1148: 1142: 1135: 1133: 1126: 1119: 1117: 1111: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1092: 1090: 1085: 1078: 1076: 1070: 1063: 1061: 1055: 1048: 1038:Victory Banner 1025: 1022: 1021: 1020: 1017: 1010: 1008: 1005: 998: 996: 993: 986: 984: 981: 974: 972: 969: 962: 960: 919:flag of Russia 893:communist left 872: 869: 860:Victory Banner 805:Vladimir Lenin 796: 793: 781:Moscow Kremlin 758: 757: 738: 737: 736: 735: 712: 699: 675: 577: 574: 494:Советский флаг 491:(Russian: 469:(Russian: 461: 460: 458: 457: 450: 443: 435: 432: 431: 430: 429: 414: 413: 410: 409: 408:Cultural icons 406: 401: 396: 390: 386: 385: 384: 381: 380: 377: 376: 370: 366: 365: 364: 361: 360: 354: 353: 350: 349: 344: 339: 334: 329: 323: 317: 316: 315: 312: 311: 305: 304: 298: 297: 294: 293: 288: 282: 278: 277: 276: 273: 272: 269: 268: 262: 256: 255: 254: 251: 250: 244: 243: 237: 236: 230: 229: 223: 222: 216: 215: 212: 211: 206: 200: 194: 193: 192: 189: 188: 178: 177: 169: 168: 156: 155: 152: 151: 136: 132: 131: 126: 122: 121: 116: 112: 111: 108: 104: 103: 80: 74: 73: 48: 47: 39: 38: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4666: 4655: 4652: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4642: 4640: 4637: 4635: 4632: 4630: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4621: 4619: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4594: 4586: 4585: 4582: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4552: 4550: 4545: 4541: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4529:South Ossetia 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4511: 4509: 4507: 4501: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4251: 4249: 4247: 4243: 4239: 4238:Flags of Asia 4232: 4227: 4225: 4220: 4218: 4213: 4212: 4209: 4197: 4194: 4192: 4189: 4188: 4186: 4182: 4176: 4173: 4171: 4168: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4150:Faroe Islands 4148: 4146: 4143: 4142: 4140: 4134: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4122:South Ossetia 4120: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4104: 4102: 4096: 4089: 4079: 4076: 4074: 4071: 4069: 4066: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3958:Liechtenstein 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3828: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3811: 3806: 3804: 3799: 3797: 3792: 3791: 3788: 3776: 3773: 3771: 3768: 3766: 3763: 3761: 3755: 3753: 3750: 3748: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3718: 3712: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3695: 3692: 3690: 3687: 3686: 3683: 3678: 3668: 3667: 3663: 3662: 3659: 3655: 3650: 3641: 3636: 3634: 3629: 3627: 3622: 3621: 3618: 3606: 3598: 3596: 3595: 3584: 3583: 3580: 3570: 3567: 3563: 3560: 3559: 3558: 3555: 3551: 3548: 3547: 3546: 3543: 3539: 3536: 3535: 3534: 3531: 3530: 3528: 3524: 3516: 3513: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3498: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3466:Printed media 3464: 3462: 3459: 3455: 3452: 3451: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3426: 3424: 3422: 3418: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3400: 3399:Cyrillisation 3397: 3395: 3392: 3391: 3390: 3387: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3377: 3373: 3370: 3368: 3367:Working class 3365: 3363: 3362:Soviet people 3360: 3359: 3358: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3348: 3345: 3344: 3341: 3338: 3336: 3332: 3324: 3321: 3320: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3277: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3255: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3243: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3233: 3231: 3228: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3210:Energy policy 3208: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3184: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3155: 3153: 3151: 3147: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3129: 3126: 3125: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3087: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3060: 3059: 3058: 3055: 3051: 3048: 3046: 3043: 3042: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3029: 3026: 3025: 3024: 3021: 3017: 3014: 3013: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2990: 2984: 2981: 2979: 2976: 2974: 2971: 2967: 2964: 2963: 2962: 2959: 2958: 2956: 2952: 2944: 2941: 2940: 2939: 2938:Supreme Court 2936: 2933: 2930: 2927: 2924: 2921: 2918: 2914: 2911: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2898: 2897: 2894: 2892: 2889: 2887: 2884: 2883: 2882: 2879: 2878: 2876: 2872: 2866: 2863: 2859: 2856: 2854: 2851: 2849: 2846: 2845: 2844: 2841: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2829: 2826: 2822: 2819: 2818: 2817: 2814: 2812: 2809: 2807: 2804: 2800: 2797: 2796: 2795: 2792: 2788: 2785: 2784: 2783: 2780: 2778: 2775: 2771: 2768: 2767: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2754: 2751: 2749: 2746: 2745: 2744: 2741: 2740: 2738: 2734: 2731: 2729: 2725: 2715: 2712: 2710: 2707: 2705: 2702: 2700: 2697: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2681: 2679: 2675: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2657: 2654: 2653: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2640: 2637: 2636: 2635: 2632: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2623: 2620: 2618: 2614: 2608: 2605: 2603: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2593: 2590: 2588: 2585: 2583: 2580: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2560: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2541: 2540:The Holocaust 2538: 2536: 2533: 2532: 2530: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2500: 2497: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2485: 2484: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2474: 2472: 2470: 2466: 2461: 2454: 2449: 2447: 2442: 2440: 2435: 2434: 2431: 2425: 2421: 2418: 2415: 2410: 2406: 2405: 2386: 2385: 2380: 2374: 2359: 2358: 2353: 2347: 2332: 2331: 2326: 2320: 2305: 2304: 2299: 2293: 2277: 2273: 2272: 2266: 2259: 2244: 2240: 2234: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2211: 2206: 2199: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2168: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2145: 2131: 2127: 2121: 2107: 2103: 2097: 2083: 2079: 2073: 2058: 2052: 2046: 2030: 2026: 2020: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2002:9780070590946 1998: 1994: 1989: 1988: 1979: 1965: 1964: 1959: 1952: 1948: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1922:Karelian ASSR 1919: 1913: 1906: 1902: 1896: 1887: 1883: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1863: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1853: 1850: 1848: 1845: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1835: 1834: 1824: 1820: 1813: 1808: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1790: 1785: 1782: 1781:Moldavian SSR 1778: 1771: 1766: 1759: 1754: 1747: 1742: 1739: 1738: 1731: 1726: 1725: 1715: 1709: 1704: 1700: 1694: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1675: 1670: 1663: 1658: 1654: 1648: 1643: 1636: 1631: 1627: 1621: 1616: 1612: 1605: 1600: 1593: 1588: 1584: 1578: 1573: 1564: 1559: 1550: 1545: 1541: 1535: 1530: 1523: 1518: 1511: 1506: 1499: 1494: 1490: 1484: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1465: 1460: 1453: 1448: 1441: 1436: 1432: 1426: 1421: 1417: 1411: 1406: 1399: 1394: 1385: 1380: 1371: 1366: 1357: 1352: 1348: 1342: 1337: 1328: 1323: 1319: 1313: 1308: 1299: 1294: 1285: 1280: 1271: 1266: 1257: 1252: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1227: 1222: 1218: 1212: 1207: 1203: 1197: 1192: 1188: 1181: 1176: 1169: 1164: 1160: 1154: 1149: 1145: 1139: 1134: 1130: 1123: 1118: 1114: 1108: 1103: 1096: 1091: 1086:Ukrainian SSR 1082: 1077: 1073: 1067: 1062: 1058: 1052: 1047: 1046: 1045: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1024:Derived flags 1014: 1009: 1002: 997: 990: 985: 978: 973: 966: 961: 958: 957: 956: 954: 950: 944: 939: 935: 930: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 903: 901: 896: 894: 890: 886: 882: 878: 868: 865: 861: 857: 856:Boris Yeltsin 852: 850: 846: 840: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 812: 810: 806: 802: 792: 790: 784: 782: 778: 774: 762: 750: 742: 713: 700: 676: 673: 672: 671: 667: 665: 661: 657: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 632: 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 613:Paris Commune 610: 606: 601: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 573: 571: 567: 561: 559: 555: 551: 547: 542: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 512: 507: 506:Sovetsky flag 501: 490: 485: 479: 468: 456: 451: 449: 444: 442: 437: 436: 434: 433: 428: 418: 417: 416: 415: 407: 405: 402: 400: 397: 395: 392: 391: 383: 382: 375: 372: 371: 363: 362: 359: 356: 355: 348: 345: 343: 340: 338: 335: 333: 330: 328: 325: 324: 320: 314: 313: 310: 307: 306: 303: 300: 299: 292: 289: 287: 284: 283: 275: 274: 267: 264: 263: 259: 253: 252: 249: 246: 245: 242: 239: 238: 235: 232: 231: 228: 225: 224: 221: 218: 217: 210: 207: 205: 202: 201: 197: 191: 190: 180: 179: 175: 171: 170: 166: 162: 161: 153: 149: 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