33:
532:
802:
153:
586:
684:
603:
787:
327:
550:
341:
394:
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772:
846:
1025:"They have also been explained as totems venerated by the various clans of nomads as ancestors. Their transformation into clan symbols would have followed naturally and easily. The heraldic beasts of medieval chivalry, which include many deer and felines like those on the British royal coat of arms, may certainly be traces back to emblematic devices of later barbarian tribes from central Asia" Hugh Honour, John Fleming,
241:
456:. These cases show lions rampant, the reason is that the heraldic charges should always arranged in such a way that they take up the greater part of the field. In the case of a shield/coat of arms, the size a lion passant is equivalent to one-third of the field. However, the figure in a vertical position, and enlarged, the figure takes up the available space. This also avoids
117:(...) the select order of knights from León. Carrying banners, like lions they burst (...) Like the lion it surpasses the other animals in beauty and in strength. Thus this city exceeds the other cities in honor. The golden insignia of the Emperor appears on its banners and on its arms. It is carried into battle as a protection against every evil
269:, who died in 1151. An enamel, probably commissioned by Geoffrey's widow between 1155 and 1160, depicts him carrying a blue shield with golden lions rampant and wearing a blue helmet adorned with another lion. A chronicle dated to about 1175 states that Geoffrey was given a badge of a gold lion when he was knighted by his father-in-law,
179:
of
England in 1066, and probably commissioned about 1077, when the cathedral of Bayeux was rebuilt, depicts a number of shields of various shapes and designs, many of which are plain, while others are decorated with dragons, crosses, or other typically heraldic figures. Yet no individual is depicted
170:
The development of the modern heraldic language cannot be attributed to a single individual, time, or place. Although certain designs that are now considered heraldic were evidently in use during the eleventh century, most accounts and depictions of shields up to the beginning of the twelfth century
359:
refer to the raising the royal standards in the taken enemy fortress, it is referring to some flags which depicted the lion. It is disputed whether this animal represented to the monarch or kingdom, in the first case the strength of the sovereign but it seems a clearer identification between the
638:
fought under this flag at times of King
Alfonso VII, but it was not until 1065 that the County of Castile was separated from León and became a kingdom in its own right. León kept this sign, but Castile was forced to create a new one. In the beginning the Castilians used a simple cross until the
888:
and silk. In the past, it was frequently to renew the standards kept by the councils in every royal proclamation, so the number of escutcheons were variable. Something back is the standard that is kept in the office of the Mayor of León with the arms of the city, with a lion
897:. According to the historian Ricardo Chao, this was the standard of the city of León and served as a model for the current Leonese flag in the nineteenth Century. After a time, it also became in the symbol of the province and the historical region of León. During the
90:
explained that the lion was already used as heraldic emblem in 1148. At the end of the reign of
Alfonso VII, the figure of this animal began to appear on royal documents as personal device of the monarch and became pervasive during reigns of
512:, called the Saint. There was no space for two visible lions passant at quarterings, so they were rampant to take up the divisions completely. This is the disposition of the lions that has come to the present day on the
218:
During the eleventh century, crosses appearing on seals of
Spanish princes and were used for authentication privileges until King Alfonso VII started using a lion (1126), alluding to the name of his main realm
560:
The heraldic standard of the
Leonese Monarch. It's one of the oldest heraldic flags; the documentation for the colours dates from ca. 1150. This flag, as a standard was not rectangular: it was a
1371:
756:. It was necessary to distinguish between the arms of the city and province. So it was decided to remove the crown from the lion used by the city, restoring the original. After the
531:
801:
1684:
905:
lion and a former royal crown as crest. The
Leonese sovereigntist movement included the arms used by the autonomy movement within a yellow star and without crowns.
1583:
368:" that would imply the adoption of the feline as image of the city and the kingdom. In favour of the second hypothesis is the fact that in the author of the
1555:
868:
and it responds to a fairly late use. Secondly, the first description of a similar standard was found by the writer and linguist Waldo Merino Rubio in the
744:(1284-1295) introduced the crown on the head of the lion in the Leonese quarters. The field of the Castilian arms has led to the lion began to be wrongly
740:
in 1230. From then on the two kingdoms were united under the name of the Crown of
Castile. After the adoption of the quartering of the two kingdoms, King
180:
twice bearing the same arms, nor are any of the descendants of the various persons depicted known to have borne devices resembling those in the tapestry.
825:
1406:
1538:
1464:
760:, Juan José Fernández Uzquiza, president of the Provincial Council, introduced in the arms of the province the tail facing the body of the lion.
1738:
901:
a
Leonese autonomy movement arose. This Leonesism movement uses a purple flag charged with a coat of arms in the center containing a crowned
568:
edge is pointed. It consisted of a lion passant purple filled the greater part of the field. The background was white, or grey very light (
1366:
1753:
486:
and has a narrow purple border. In addition, on the shield carrying by the monarch, the lion is that same tincture and the background is
17:
1812:
1748:
1446:
This was undertaken by Odo, Bishop of Bayeux, and half-brother of
William I, whose conquest of England is commemorated by the tapestry.
490:
and the two lions passant que shown in the saddle have the same colors. The purple lion and the field argent were retained after the
1822:
1044:
Romans, Barbarians, and the
Transformation of the Roman World: Cultural Interaction and the Creation of Identity in Late Antiquity
1643:
1628:
1832:
355:
That Alfonso VII took the lion on his banners and arms was due to the dominance of León in the kingdom. When other parts of the
265:
in the 12th century. One of the earliest known examples of armory as it subsequently came to be practiced decorates the tomb of
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1707:
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266:
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32:
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41:
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The heraldic symbol of León is the prominent feature of flags of León, including the historical standards of the former
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104:
49:
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240:
1842:
1613:
979:
Poem of Almería. The Chronicle of Alfonso the Emperor: A Translation of the Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris
861:
1827:
1461:
919:
816:
136:
1653:
473:, under the effigies of the monarchs are two lions passant in an attitude of attack and their color is
176:
78:
1802:
1608:
1593:
771:
307:
coat (1211) although the fleur-de-lis was present on royal robes and ornaments since at least 1179.
462:, dominant in the medieval art, filling of the entire surface of a space or an artwork with detail.
86:
since that reign the cross was gradually displaced by the lion. The Spanish historian and heraldist
1623:
1573:
509:
108:, at the times of Alfonso VII, this chronicle when describing participants armies in the taking of
83:
1217:
1847:
1666:
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296:
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208:
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332:
102:
The first reference to the lion as personal emblem of the monarch, and thus the kingdom find in
92:
1568:
812:
432:. All lions that appear on coins, devices and seals of Leonese monarchs are passant (sometimes
1381:
1047:
1030:
1783:
1661:
1131:. Reading: Graduate Center for Medieval Studies, University of Reading. pp. 52–3, 64–74.
733:
672:
504:
277:
200:
1343:
737:
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585:
276:
Alfonso VII's use of the lion as a heraldic emblem for León predates the earliest surviving
96:
1694:
1676:
741:
517:
285:
8:
1728:
1563:
924:
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82:(1126–1157). Until then, the cross had a preponderant position on documents and coins of
45:
698:
602:
593:
132:
87:
1378:
on the official web site of the government of the Canary Islands, accessed 2009-12-31.
753:
635:
631:
561:
495:
458:
270:
1061:
929:
675:. In addition, these colors contrasted with those of the Leonese on the battlefield.
619:
157:
The Royal Standard of León preceding to the Council of the City, at the procession to
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68:
1359:
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64:
57:
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Leonese armorial achievement with the Royal Crest (After the union with Castile)
1181:
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340:
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The lion as a heraldic charge is present from the very earliest development of
793:
718:
609:
128:
1796:
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In the case of Alfonso IX, this lion is framed in a flag whose background is
408:
171:
contain little or no evidence of their heraldic character. For example, the
729:
instead the former royal crown, are ornamented and the lion is not crowned.
1067:
652:
234:
192:
1516:
1325:, Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y Genealogía, Madrid. PP. 64-78.
1003:, W. & A. K. Johnson, Edinburgh and London (1892), vol. 1, pp. 29–31.
860:
The origin of the current flag is unknown, but probably not too old. The
623:
539:
425:
1501:
445:
415:
346:
1413:. Biblioteca Digital Leonesa. Fundación Saber.es, accessed 2018-08-15.
440:). There are two exceptions, the lions rampant depicted on shields of
383:
109:
1769:
732:
Ferdinand III received the Kingdom of Castile from his mother, Queen
37:
1476:, No. 98, Spanish Society of Vexillology. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
627:
262:
188:
187:) predecessors of heraldic designs are likely to have been used as
53:
880:
the standard of the city was crimson, with six small escutcheons
832:
726:
671:. The choice of colors was not random: Eleanor based them on the
474:
249:
204:
147:
894:
717:, orb and cross (used until the 16th century). The arms of the
693:
482:
893:
and two small escutcheons at the edges embroidered on crimson
428:
is nothing like current ones. The lion was passant instead of
1496:
Province of León (Castilla y León, Spain), Flags of the World
704:
664:
656:
1508:
523:
221:
1510:
Vexileón: Coats of arms and flags of the province of León
1097:(1817) pl. 2, illus. in Anthony Wagner, Richmond Herald,
538:
Modern reconstruction of a flag used during the reign of
280:, a single lion visible on a half-shield depicted on the
1503:
Coat of arms of the city of León, Heraldry of the World
1484:. Libro de armoria, May 2007. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
1220:" series. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. p. 100.
723:
Argent a lion rampant Purpure, langued and armed Gules
1387:
1428:
El origen de la actual bandera de León (20 May 2013)
1344:"File:Royal Arms of England.SVG - Wikimedia Commons"
1389:
Agencia Estatal Boletin Oficial del Estado of Spain
1301:, Real Academia de la Historia, Madrid. PP. 15-36.
592:The coat of arms used by the Provincial Council of
384:
Historical characteristics of the lion and the flag
1298:Leones y castillos: emblemas heráldicos en España
1184:Die Entwicklung des österreichischen Doppeladlers
1794:
1286:. (Oxford University Press, New York: 1988), 14.
736:in 1217 and the Kingdom of León from his father
725:. The arms of the capital of the province has a
27:Coats of arms of the pre-modern Spanish kingdom
1213:Heraldry: An Introduction to a Noble Tradition
1115:Heraldry: An Introduction to a Noble Tradition
862:crimson flag with the royal arms in the center
148:One of the earliest heraldic symbols in Europe
1532:
1321:Menéndez-Pidal de Navascués, Faustino (2004)
1295:Menéndez-Pidal de Navascués, Faustino (1999)
1246:, Nueva York, Elibron Classics, 2006. P. 274
516:, but the crowned lions were adopted by King
1431:, Corazón de León. Retrieved 15 August 2018.
1282:Thomas Woodcock & John Martin Robinson.
976:Lipskey, Glenn Edward (ed. y trans.) (1972)
1421:
1419:
1317:
1315:
1001:A Treatise on Heraldry: British and Foreign
502:were combined in one shield displayed in a
469:of the lion, in the representations of the
448:in their respective representations of the
137:region known as León or the Leonese Country
1546:
1539:
1525:
1206:
1141:
872:of the Book of the Municipal Agreements (
864:, proper of the Crown of Castile and the
1416:
1312:
1129:The Origins of The Royal Arms of England
1042:Danuta Shanzer, Ralph W Mathisen (2013)
1006:
682:
678:
524:Medieval standard of the Kingdom of León
239:
151:
31:
1368:Real Decreto de 30 de noviembre de 1833
1361:Real Decreto de 30 de noviembre de 1833
1350:
1117:, Thames and Hudson Ltd. (1997), p. 18.
14:
1795:
1262:
1260:
63:The first instance of a figure of the
1520:
1462:La Bandera Medieval del Reino de León
1126:
1120:
1173:
1095:Monumental Effigies of Great Britain
267:Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou
1257:
24:
999:John Woodward and George Burnett,
750:1833 territorial division of Spain
25:
1859:
1813:Coats of arms of former countries
1488:
301:heraldry of the Holy Roman Empire
288:, as well as the three pale blue
199:, they were re-interpreted in a
1271:Santiago de Compostela Cathedral
1179:
915:Coat of arms of Castile and León
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824:
800:
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763:
601:
584:
548:
530:
514:coat of arms of Castile and León
454:Santiago de Compostela Cathedral
407:
392:
339:
325:
183:The animals of the "barbarian" (
1823:Royal arms of European monarchs
1395:
1336:
1289:
1276:
1234:
1200:
1135:
1104:
1087:
899:Spanish transition to democracy
159:Royal Collegiate of San Isidoro
40:with the arms of León (between
1440:
1188:(in German). Fr.wikisource.org
1074:
1053:
1036:
1019:
993:
970:
957:
713:a former royal crown, without
372:made a rhyme with the words "
135:, and others representing the
48:) in the funeral obsequies of
13:
1:
1453:
1380:Original announcement in the
990:. . Retrieved 12 August 2018.
709:. The provincial arms has as
707:crowned, langued and armed Or
641:Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa
314:Leonese shields with the lion
105:Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris
1729:Kingdom and Crown of Castile
1284:The Oxford Guide to Heraldry
1243:A Complete Guide to Heraldry
1240:Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles:
1082:A Complete Guide to Heraldry
1014:A Complete Guide to Heraldry
965:Manual de heráldica española
876:June 5, 1987). According to
555:Another late interpretation
71:is found in minted coins of
7:
1833:Culture of Castile and León
1734:Kingdom and Crown of Aragon
1403:Nuevas páginas con tristeza
1142:Bartholdy, Nils G. (1995).
908:
851:Flag used to represent the
655:of the Kingdom of Castile:
508:, during the reign of King
203:in the western kingdoms of
112:, the text literally says:
10:
1864:
142:
1781:
1749:Spanish monarchs in Italy
1716:
1693:
1675:
1652:
1554:
1254:. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
1148:(in Danish). Copenhagen:
963:Riquer, Martín de (1942)
752:divided the country into
721:is described as follows:
659:, a three towered castle
1818:Coats of arms with lions
1309:. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
1145:Denmark's Arms and Crown
1101:, Penguin (1946), pl. I.
1059:The actual etymology of
950:
920:Flag of Castile and León
874:Filandón, Diario de León
870:Act of February 18, 1789
835:groups to represent the
500:arms of the two kingdoms
18:Flag of Province of León
1481:El león en la heráldica
988:Northwestern University
940:List of oldest heraldry
253:, device of Alfonso IX
56:, 29 December 1558, by
1556:Autonomous communities
1548:Coats of arms of Spain
1459:Chao Prieto, Ricardo:
1127:Ailes, Adrian (1982).
1027:A World History of Art
703:Argent a lion rampant
688:
258:
230:
167:
121:
60:
1808:Spanish coats of arms
1784:Coat of arms of Spain
1425:Chao Prieto Ricardo.
878:Act February 18, 1789
686:
679:Current coats of arms
673:Royal Arms of England
578:Leonese Coats of Arms
424:The flag used in the
278:Royal Arms of England
243:
155:
114:
35:
1708:Princess of Asturias
1685:Spanish Armed Forces
1467:20 June 2006 at the
1409:12 July 2013 at the
608:Coat of arms of the
317:(Tumbo A manuscript)
305:French fleurs-de-lis
1323:El Escudo de España
1150:Ministry of Culture
1099:Heraldry in England
967:. Barcelona: Apolo.
925:Heraldry of Castile
697:of the arms of the
303:(ca. 1200) and the
175:, illustrating the
127:, the flags of the
1599:Castilla–La Mancha
1374:2012-07-22 at the
1267:Tumbo A Manuscript
1218:Abrams Discoveries
1208:Pastoureau, Michel
831:Flag used by some
689:
645:Eleanor of England
496:Kingdom of Castile
471:Tumbo A Manuscript
450:Tumbo A Manuscript
259:
193:Germanic tradition
168:
61:
1790:
1789:
1774:
1754:Spanish Republics
1654:Autonomous cities
1307:978-84-89512-39-9
1111:Michel Pastoureau
866:Hispanic Monarchy
811:, a flag used by
758:Spanish Civil War
727:marquesal coronet
596:
543:
319:
233:), an example of
213:seventh centuries
201:Christian context
67:as symbol of the
16:(Redirected from
1855:
1843:Province of León
1803:Historical flags
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1604:Castile and León
1579:Balearic Islands
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699:province of León
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498:(1230) when the
465:Relative to the
411:
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329:
313:
299:(ca. 1194), the
282:First Great Seal
133:Province of León
95:(1157-1188) and
88:Martín de Riquer
84:Leonese monarchs
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1828:Kingdom of León
1793:
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1764:Prince of Spain
1759:Francoist Spain
1724:Kingdom of León
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1469:Wayback Machine
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173:Bayeux Tapestry
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125:Kingdom of León
69:Kingdom of León
58:Hieronymus Cock
28:
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1848:Flags of Spain
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1489:External links
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1364:on Wikisource;
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1152:. p. 16.
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815:to represent
814:
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779:León Province
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764:Current flags
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564:flag and the
563:
551:
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520:(1284-1295).
519:
515:
511:
510:Ferdinand III
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194:
191:. Adopted in
190:
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99:(1188-1230).
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59:
55:
51:
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39:
34:
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19:
1768:
1723:
1695:Royal family
1509:
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1388:
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1367:
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1357:(in Spanish)
1352:
1338:
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1296:
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1283:
1278:
1266:
1241:
1236:
1212:
1202:
1190:. Retrieved
1183:
1175:
1163:. Retrieved
1144:
1137:
1128:
1122:
1114:
1106:
1098:
1094:
1089:
1081:
1080:Fox-Davies,
1076:
1068:Roman legion
1066:
1060:
1055:
1043:
1038:
1026:
1021:
1016:, pp. 14–16.
1013:
1012:Fox-Davies,
1008:
1000:
995:
983:
978:
972:
964:
959:
902:
890:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
859:
855:(Unofficial)
839:(Unofficial)
819:(Unofficial)
813:regionalists
808:
794:city of León
792:Flag of the
745:
731:
722:
719:city of León
702:
692:
690:
653:canting arms
649:Alfonso VIII
643:(1212) when
618:Armies from
617:
610:city of León
569:
559:
503:
487:
481:
479:
470:
464:
459:horror vacui
457:
449:
442:Ferdinand II
423:
401:Ferdinand II
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
356:
354:
333:Ferdinand II
316:
275:
260:
254:
245:
235:canting arms
220:
217:
189:clan symbols
182:
169:
164:
156:
129:City of León
122:
116:
115:
103:
101:
93:Ferdinand II
76:
62:
29:
1838:León, Spain
1614:Extremadura
884:with lions
748:(red). The
667:and ajouré
624:Extremadura
542:(1105-1157)
540:Alfonso VII
426:Middle Ages
273:, in 1128.
195:around the
73:Alfonso VII
36:Banner and
1797:Categories
1744:Philip II
1717:Historical
1454:References
738:Alfonso IX
734:Berengaria
663:, masoned
647:, wife of
636:Castilians
505:quartering
446:Alfonso IX
416:Alfonso IX
347:Alfonso IX
284:(1189) of
165:" Ceremony
97:Alfonso IX
1770:Francoism
1739:Charles I
1609:Catalonia
1594:Cantabria
1564:Andalusia
1180:Diem, P.
809:purpurada
754:provinces
742:Sancho IV
518:Sancho IV
494:with the
436:, others
286:Richard I
255:(Tumbo A)
75:, called
50:Charles V
38:caparison
1677:Military
1644:Valencia
1624:La Rioja
1574:Asturias
1474:Banderas
1465:Archived
1407:Archived
1372:Archived
1210:(1997).
1084:, p. 62.
1029:(2005),
909:See also
777:Flag of
632:Galician
628:Asturias
467:tincture
438:sinister
414:Seal of
399:Seal of
374:legionis
370:Chronica
357:Chronica
263:heraldry
185:Eurasian
161:of the "
131:and the
54:Brussels
1667:Melilla
1639:Navarre
1619:Galicia
1386:on the
903:Purpure
833:leftist
475:purpure
430:rampant
376:" and "
364:" and "
360:words "
297:Denmark
293:passant
271:Henry I
250:purpure
247:passant
244:A lion
227:Spanish
143:History
110:Almería
79:Emperor
46:Castile
1634:Murcia
1629:Madrid
1569:Aragon
1329:
1305:
1250:
1224:
1192:19 May
1165:26 May
1156:
1048:p. 322
1031:p. 166
895:damask
882:Argent
715:arches
694:blazon
570:Argent
488:argent
483:argent
434:dexter
378:leonis
42:Aragon
1662:Ceuta
951:Notes
746:gules
711:crest
705:Gules
669:azure
665:sable
657:gules
492:union
362:Legio
290:lions
209:Italy
1703:King
1327:ISBN
1303:ISBN
1248:ISBN
1222:ISBN
1194:2010
1167:2017
1154:ISBN
1062:León
817:León
807:The
701:is:
691:The
620:León
594:León
444:and
231:león
222:lion
207:and
205:Gaul
77:the
65:lion
44:and
1216:. "
1065:is
572:).
566:fly
452:of
380:".
366:leo
295:of
237:.
52:in
1799::
1472:.
1418:^
1314:^
1259:^
1113:,
1046:,
986:,
891:Or
886:Or
661:or
630:,
626:,
622:,
477:.
229::
215:.
139:.
1773:)
1767:(
1540:e
1533:t
1526:v
1513:.
1392:.
1346:.
1333:.
1273:)
1269:(
1230:.
1196:.
1186:"
1182:"
1169:.
1071:.
1050:.
1033:.
981:.
257:.
225:(
119:.
20:)
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