829:
940:, and widow of Nuño Menéndez, Lord of Ceón and Riaño, who was had been his mistress from at least May 1180. On occasion of the wedding, the king granted his new wife the Lordships of Aguilar and Monteagudo. The new queen, who was aware that the end of her husband's life was approaching, wanted to elevate her only surviving son, Infante Sancho, to the throne of León, in detriment of the Infante Alfonso, Ferdinand II's first-born son. To achieve her purpose, Urraca López de Haro maintained that the birth of Infante Alfonso was illegitimate, since the marriage of his parents had been annulled due to the existing blood ties between both spouses. Ferdinand II then banished Infante Alfonso, which was a triumph for his stepmother, who made an effort to ensure that her son inherited the throne upon the death of his father.
976:
670:
2016:
631:, Ferdinand II was able to push the Portuguese out of Galicia and to rush to Badajoz. When Afonso I saw the Leonese arrive he tried to flee, but he was disabled by a broken leg caused by a fall from his horse, and made prisoner at one of the city's gates. Afonso I was obliged to surrender as his ransom almost all the conquests he had made in Galicia in the previous year. In the peace signed at Pontevedra the following year, Ferdinand II got back twenty-five castles, and the cities of Cáceres, Badajoz,
2351:
1022:
royal crown, and his head is represented with curly hair and a beard, with the right arm of the sovereign raised and placed at the height of his head, while his left hand rests on his chest. The recumbent statue representing
Ferdinand II has been dated to the first half of the 13th century. It was carried out after the death of the king, who died in 1188, which has led to the conclusion that it should have been commissioned by the king's heir,
31:
351:
369:, member of the same lineage as the former knights of his grandmother, Queen Urraca, and of the tutors and defenders of his father, King Alfonso VII. Soon he was initiated into the tasks of government. From 1151 he is associated with the throne by his father, along with his older brother Infante Sancho, so in documents from León and Galicia his confirmation with the title of King, or
516:
689:, was one of the Leonese leaders of the expedition. The Portuguese who besieged the Alcazaba of Badajoz, were then besieged by the Leonese, fighting broke out in the streets of the city. While trying to escape, Afonso I of Portugal was captured by the men of Ferdinand II, after breaking his leg. At the same time, Leonese monarch captured Gerardo
1010:, and, therefore, in a document granted in the city of Benavente on 26 July 1180, confirmed to Santiago de Compostela Cathedral the donations that the sovereign had granted him previously, and that concerned the chaplaincy and the royal tombs of the cathedral, also ordering in said document that no one can build any castle in that territory.
758:, in 1171. The gold of Castile and England countered the one that Leon offered to Rome to obtain the Papal dispensation for the marriage, since its validity supposed de facto the alliance of Portugal and León, which did not interest neither Castile nor to England, who had family ties to each other after Alfonso VIII was married to
537:, snatching it from the Castilians, and subsequently naming Fernando Rodríguez de Castro as Governor of the city. The city of Toledo remained in the power of the Kingdom of León until 1166, when it was recovered by the Castilians. On 27 September 1162, Ferdinand II signed an agreement, known as the Treaty of Ágreda, with
1013:
The transfer of the remains of
Ferdinand II is mentioned in a diploma granted in Zamora by Alfonso IX dated 4 May 1188, which certifies that the royal remains were transferred to Santiago de Compostela Cathedral by order of his son, who wished to fulfill the last wishes of his father, and buried next
970:
And this King
Ferdinand of León, son of the Emperor and brother of King Sancho de Castile, finished already with good progress in the XXI year of his reign in his kingdom, near the town of Benavente: and they buried him in the church of Sant Yague de Gallizia , near his grandfather Count Raymund who
434:
to exercise the regency on behalf of the child king. Taking advantage of the anarchic state in which the kingdom of his late brother was found, Ferdinand II invaded
Castile at the head of an army, and demanded, in order to restore order, that the Lara surrender him to his nephew Alfonso VIII, whose
409:
In 1157 his father, King
Alfonso VII died, and according of his will and the previous dispositions of the council of Valladolid of 1155, his second son inherited the Kingdoms of León and Galicia under the name of Ferdinand II; during the early months of his reign, the new monarch had to resolve his
1021:
The tomb of
Ferdinand II is located in the Chapel of the Relics of Santiago de Compostela Cathedral, where the Royal Pantheon is located. On a smooth stone sepulcher is placed the recumbent statue that represents the late king, who appears dressed in a tunic and mantle, his forehead girded with a
697:
had to surrender several of the towns he had conquered to the
Kingdom of León, in exchange for his freedom. Ferdinand II kept the city of Cáceres, but the towns of Trujillo, Montánchez, Santa Cruz de la Sierra and Monfragüe became the property of Fernando Rodríguez de Castro. After this donation,
706:
rivers, whose headquarters were in the city of
Trujillo. Alfonso VIII realized the strategic importance of the fortresses granted to the Castilian, with a view to a future repopulation, since the fortresses were in the area that according to the Treaty of Sahagún of 1158 belonged to the area of
414:
with his brother Sancho III, under which they agreed to jointly wage war against the
Muslims, to divide up the conquered territories, the provision that in case one of the two brothers died without issue, the survivor would inherit the domains of the deceased brother, and the partition of the
816:, where they agreed to put an end to their differences, sealing a peace agreement. On 6 February of that year, Ferdinand II's second wife Teresa Fernández de Traba died giving birth to their second son, who died at the same time as his mother and was buried together with her in the
680:
The city of
Trujillo became the head of the domains assembled by Fernando Rodríguez de Castro. This provoked the opposition of Ferdinand II, who argued that Badajoz belonged to him. The King of León then headed south at the head of an army, at the request of the Almohad caliph
809:(both formerly lands of Teresa Fernández de Traba's first husband) before Alfonso VIII could have put these fortresses on alert, while the Castilian sovereign allied himself with Afonso I of Portugal, who sent his son, Infante Sancho, to fight against the King of León.
711:. Defeated by Afonso I of Portugal, the Muslims attacked the Kingdom of León in 1173, trying to seize Ciudad Rodrigo; but Ferdinand II, who had knowledge of his purposes, entrenched himself in the city of Salamanca with the troops he was able to gather in León, in
1175:
was forced to cede Trujillo to a certain Ferdinand, brother-in-law of Ferdinand "the Slimy" (referring to Ferdinand II of León), who was the brother-in-law of Fernando "the Castilian" (the nickname of Fernando Rodríguez de Castro), since the latter had married
662:, and the siege had to continue. Seeing the opportunity presented to him to add the main city of the region to his dominions at the expense of his Christian and Muslim enemies, Afonso I of Portugal an army to Badajoz in order to replace Gerardo
506:
who, apparently, had bought the city of Ledesma, took up arms against the king and the magistrates of Ledesma; when Ferdinand II learned of it, he marched with his army against the rebels and forced them to return to their city.
611:, against that city. The King of León came to the aid of the besieged Ciudad Rodrigo and, in a meeting he had with the Portuguese troops, put them to flight, capturing many prisoners. Afonso I then invaded Galicia, occupying
552:, fought in June or July of that year. Four years later he was appointed Mayor of León, being his duty to control and be in command of the existing fortresses in the city, until the year 1182, when he left the office.
715:, in various places in Galicia and in other parts of the kingdom, at the same time giving order to the rest of his army to meet him asap. The Muslims were defeated and only those who fled could keep their freedom.
793:(they were not only 1st cousins once removed but also Teresa Fernández de Traba was aunt of Urraca of Portugal), apparently there wasn't any questioning or impediment for this new wedding of the Leonese monarch.
1001:
Later, his remains were transferred by order of his son Alfonso IX to Santiago de Compostela Cathedral, in which Ferdinand II had stated that he wanted to be buried, since there where buried his mother Queen
726:, it initially began as a knightly confraternity and took the name "Santiago" (St. James) after St. James the apostle, with the purpose to protect the pilgrims who visited the tomb of the Apostle Santiago.
905:, 1181). This privilege granted to the Santiago de Compostela Cathedral favored the heyday of pilgrimages, while promoting the economic, cultural and artistic development of the territories crossed by the
384:
in the year 1155, were agreed the terms of the division of the domains of the still-living King Alfonso VII. There the Kingdoms of León and Galicia were assigned under Ferdinand's sovereignty, excluding
467:
The boundary troubles with Castile restarted in 1164: he then met at Soria with the Lara family, who represented Alfonso VIII, and a truce was established, allowing him to move against the Muslim
1085:
Alfonso Fernández (1184–1188), legitimized through the subsequent marriage of his parents, died before his father and was also buried in the Royal Pantheon of the Kings of San Isidoro of León
607:, and the Portuguese monarch, suspecting that his son-in-law was fortifying it with the purpose of attacking him in the future, sent an army commanded by his son and heir, Infante
971:
lies and, near the Empress Berengaria his mother...This was made by the heir of Leon Infante Alfonso, son of King Ferdinand and Queen Urraca, daughter of King Afonso of Portugal.
1156:
Adefonsus dei gratia hispaniarum imperator laudat et confirmat. Sanctius filius eius rex Castelle laudat et confirmat. Fernandus filius eius rex Galletie laudat et confirmat
494:, daughter of King Afonso I, as a gesture of reconciliation and alliance between the Kingdoms of León and Portugal. At that time, he restored and repopulated the cities of
921:
invaded Portugal with an army recruited in Northern Africa and, in May, besieged Afonso I in Santarém; the Portuguese were helped by the arrival of the armies sent by the
1295:
1193:«Alfonso VIII carefully observed the events of Badajoz and especially the delivery to "the Castilian" of the castles of Montánchez, Santa Cruz, Albalat and Zuferola.»
1148:
Adefonsus Ymperator, una cum coniuge sua dona Riga dominante regnante in tota Yspania. Sancius rex in Castella. Fredenandus rex in Galicia. Urraka regina in Asturias
464:
of Ferdinand II, a position he held twice: firstly from 15 August 1162 until his dismissal on 6 September 1164 and secondly from 19 October 1165 until 15 May 1166.
1088:
Sancho Fernández (1186 – 25 August 1220), legitimized through the subsequent marriage of his parents, Lord of Monteagudo and Aguilar in succession to his mother,
520:
1018:
with royal honors, while confirming in said document the privileges and exemptions granted to the cathedral by the soul of his deceased father, and his own.
789:—although just like his first marriage, Ferdinand II was also closely related with his new wife in not only a prohibited degree of consanguinity but also of
1211:«It is a work after the date of the king's death (1188). Surely his son Alfonso IX commissioned it around the year 1200, when he was in his early thirties.»
1070:
Sancho (born and died 6 February 1180), whose birth led to the death of his mother and also buried in the Royal Pantheon of the Kings of San Isidoro of León
1509:
Barton, Simon (1992). "Two Catalan magnates in the courts of the kings of León-Castile: the careers of Ponce de Cabrera and Ponce de Minerva re-examined".
1180:, half-sister of the King of León. The donation of the cities to Fernando Rodríguez de Castro is also recorded in various Christian sources, such as the
1092:
mayor of his half-brother King Alfonso IX on 10 June 1213, and from 8 December 1213 to 16 July 1218, governor of Montenegro and Sarría during 1210–1219
1649:
Elorza, Juan C.; Vaquero, Lourdes; Castillo, Belén; Negro, Marta (1990). Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Bienestar Social (ed.).
693:. After the capture of the city and the Alcazaba of Badajoz by the Leonese, the latter left the city in the hands of their Muslim allies. Gerardo
1641:
599:
Despite Ferdinand II's marriage to Infanta Urraca of Portugal, the disputes with the Lusitan kingdom continued. Between 1166 and 1168 King
2477:
2221:
828:
1906:
1082:
García Fernández (1182–1184), died before the marriage of his parents, buried in the Royal Pantheon of the Kings of San Isidoro of León
685:, who had already sent a contingent of 5,000 knights to help his besieged governor. Fernando Rodríguez de Castro, as the monarch's
2644:
303:
2649:
994:, since his widow, Queen Urraca, did not want to transfer the mortal remains to Santiago of Compostela, since its Archbishop,
410:
disputes with the powerful local nobles and an invasion by his brother Sancho III of Castile. In 1158 Ferdinand II signed the
1767:
1713:
1625:
1554:
2629:
922:
759:
658:, of the kingdom of Portugal, took the city of Badajoz after a long siege, but the governor of the city took refuge in the
738:
annulled the marriage of Ferdinand II and Urraca of Portugal because they were related in the prohibited third degree of
575:. The King of León, fearful that the members of the House of Lara would break the agreed peace, allied himself with King
331:
323:
111:
995:
544:
In 1164 Fernando Rodríguez de Castro entered the Kingdom of Castile for the second time with an army and defeated Count
454:
was captured. That same year, Ferdinand II was cured of a serious illness supposedly through the intercession of Saints
2659:
2654:
1168:
335:
2438:
2065:
359:
287:
228:
1786:
1658:
1580:
1535:
2415:
2042:
1202:«Ferdinand II died in Benavente, on 22 January 1188; on 26 according to the ancient calendar of the church of León.»
1184:. The approximate date given by Ibn Ṣāḥib is in disagreement with that of 1169 or 1170, indicated by other sources.
987:
980:
882:
36:
2410:
2037:
1065:
991:
817:
2214:
1757:
719:
439:
1899:
898:
636:
426:
During the minority of age of his nephew Alfonso VIII, in the Kingdom of Castile began the dispute between the
2598:
2188:
1804:
Studies in Genealogy and Family History in Tribute to Charles Evans on the Occasion of his Eightieth Birthday
751:
307:
2420:
2047:
2502:
1743:(in Spanish). No. 11–12. Cáceres: Universidad de Extremadura: Servicio de Publicaciones. p. 201.
1177:
373:, is common. He was surrounded from the beginning by the Leonese and Galician magnates, such as the Counts
1057:
770:
495:
154:
2639:
283:
250:
411:
2207:
1705:
Blood royal: Issue of the Kings and Queens of Medieval England, 1066–1399: the Normans and Plantagenets
2453:
2080:
774:
643:, previously lost by León. When in the same years the Almoravids laid siege to the Portuguese city of
366:
2664:
2634:
2230:
1892:
1866:
1050:
48:
1608:
698:
Fernando Rodríguez de Castro became the lord of a semi-independent principality located between the
545:
2462:
2320:
2089:
1915:
1818:
258:
218:
1496:(in Spanish). Madrid: Instituto Jerónimo Zurita. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas.
2510:
2482:
2310:
2104:
1970:
1935:
1003:
778:
525:
451:
420:
291:
238:
2405:
1075:
929:
169:
2571:
2367:
2161:
1980:
1945:
1651:
El Panteón Real de las Huelgas de Burgos. Los enterramientos de los reyes de León y de Castilla
1171:
said that three years after this conquest, between 17 October 1167 and 4 October 1168, Gerardo
394:
2534:
2387:
2124:
2032:
2005:
933:
2619:
2567:
2487:
2359:
2157:
2109:
1950:
1940:
1927:
588:
559:
and agreed that, to defend the city of Toledo from the Saracens, they would hand over to the
311:
2448:
2377:
2075:
1995:
1990:
1960:
1736:
1685:
Hernández Jiménez, Félix (1967). "Caminos de Córdoba hacia el Noroeste en época musulmana".
1297:
Espana Sagrada. Theatro geographico-historico de la iglesia de Espana. Origen, divisiones...
1023:
957:
796:
755:
723:
647:, Ferdinand II came to help his father-in-law, and helped to free the city from the menace.
644:
419:. The death of his brother Sancho III in the same year and the succession of his infant son
2624:
2552:
2472:
2467:
2242:
2142:
2099:
2094:
953:
608:
600:
576:
538:
480:
339:
327:
315:
2382:
2000:
1965:
961:
632:
8:
2580:
2562:
2542:
2325:
2170:
2152:
2132:
1150:", (Colección diplomática del monasterio de Villanueva de Oscos. Oviedo, 1981. doc. 5); "
1007:
763:
659:
651:
476:
416:
319:
295:
2372:
1985:
1975:
806:
2557:
2520:
2234:
2147:
1635:
1596:
1035:
975:
906:
894:
878:
754:
were half-sisters), despite the fact that the Queen gave birth a son and heir, Infante
735:
708:
568:
491:
443:
262:
129:
2397:
2024:
1955:
1919:
1583:: Institución Milá y Fontanals. Departamento de Esudios Medievales. pp. 647–702.
447:
2590:
2576:
2547:
2180:
2166:
2137:
1782:
1763:
1744:
1709:
1690:
1673:
1654:
1621:
1584:
1550:
1531:
1518:
1497:
949:
890:
801:
In 1178 Ferdinand II invaded the Kingdom of Castile. He seized the municipalities of
580:
572:
193:
100:
1146:", 1152 (Colección diplomática de San Martín de Jubia (977–1199). Santiago, 1935); "
747:
620:
442:, commanding the forces of the House of Castro, defeated the Lara supporters in the
299:
2492:
2114:
1689:(in Spanish). No. 32, Nº 1º. Granada: Instituto Miguel Asin. pp. 37–124.
1514:
386:
374:
2457:
2084:
310:. He had seven full-siblings, of whom only three survived infancy: the later King
1703:
1565:
1015:
918:
858:
769:
After August 1177 and certainly before 7 October 1178, Ferdinand II married with
682:
560:
549:
455:
431:
1862:
1046:
404:
377:, Ramiro Froilaz, Pedro Alfonso and the aforementioned Fernando Pérez de Traba.
44:
2015:
1826:
1723:
937:
790:
786:
669:
616:
604:
499:
254:
1270:, Vol.9, Ed. Thomas Spencer Baynes, (Henry G. Allen and Company, 1888), p. 80.
956:
to Santiago de Compostela, and was succeeded to the throne by his eldest son,
777:(the king's former tutor) and Countess Teresa of Portugal, and widow of Count
603:
seized cities belonging to the Leonese kingdom. Ferdinand II then repopulated
579:
to intimidate them and, in this way, be able to direct his troops against the
401:
and hard fighter, but did not display political talent or organising ability.
2613:
2526:
1748:
1694:
1588:
874:
782:
739:
712:
534:
487:
in retaliation for the repopulation of the area ordered by the King of León.
427:
279:
1501:
640:
886:
866:
612:
594:
1687:
Al-Andalus: revista de las Escuelas de Estudios Árabes de Madrid y Granada
584:
472:
458:
and Eufemia of Orense. In 1162 Fernando Rodríguez de Castro was appointed
1855:
1045:(15 August 1171 – 23/24 September 1230), who eventually succeeded him as
813:
802:
797:
War with the Kingdom of Castile and conference of Tordesillas (1178–1180)
66:
2350:
1781:(in Spanish). León: Universidad de León, Secretariado de Publicaciones.
1445:
912:
2305:
2295:
1876:
1677:
1577:
La Extremadura musulmana (1142–1248): Organización defensiva y sociedad
1042:
862:
781:; with this marriage, the king cemented his alliance with the powerful
381:
206:
76:
2199:
1089:
390:
2430:
2290:
2280:
2057:
850:
510:
503:
484:
468:
460:
1379:
846:
471:
who still held much of southern Spain, and to capture the cities of
2300:
2250:
1884:
703:
628:
354:
Sancho III of Castile and Ferdinand II of León and Galicia, from a
30:
1616:
Corrales Gaitán, Alonso José Roman (2006). C.I.T. Trujillo (ed.).
564:
2340:
2315:
2270:
2260:
2255:
1355:
1064:
Ferdinand (1178–1187), who died in infancy and was buried in the
729:
624:
365:
Ferdinand's education was entrusted to a Galician magnate, Count
213:
330:), and two half-siblings from his father's second marriage with
2335:
2330:
2285:
2275:
2265:
1433:
1367:
917:
In 1184, after a series of failed attempts, the Almohad caliph
743:
619:(former fiefs of his mother), and in 1169 attacked the city of
398:
350:
1411:
1409:
1331:
1469:
840:
699:
556:
405:
Beginning of reign and first marriage with Urraca of Portugal
1237:
1421:
1406:
870:
854:
286:, Ferdinand was the third but second surviving son of King
1648:
1451:
1343:
979:
Sepulcher of Ferdinand II in the Chapel of the Relics at
873:. It also favored numerous monasteries, such as those of
812:
In 1180 the Kings of León and Castile met in the town of
722:, with the task to protect the city of Cáceres. Like the
623:. However, as his troops were also besieging the city of
555:
Ferdinand II and the members of the House of Lara met in
515:
1321:
1319:
595:
Conquest of Badajoz and war with the Kingdom of Portugal
1802:
Szabolcs de Vajay, "From Alfonso VIII to Alfonso X" in
1396:
1394:
1152:
Imperatoris Adefonsus, regis Fernandi imperat Galletia.
1117:(King of León and Galicia). He also used the titles of
571:, and which would later become the headquarters of the
1737:"La Extremadura cristiana (1142–1230): el Poblamiento"
1668:
Gerli, E. Michael; Armistead, Samuel G., eds. (2003).
1653:(in Spanish). Valladolid: Editorial Evergráficas S.A.
1549:. Madison (Wisconsin): University of Wisconsin Press.
1545:
Bishko, Charles Julian (1975). Harry W. Hazard (ed.).
1734:
1385:
1316:
990:, Ferdinand II was buried somewhere, possibly in the
913:
Last years – third marriage with Urraca López de Haro
718:
In 1170, Ferdinand II created the military-religious
1391:
1304:
1278:
1276:
966:
describes the death of the King of León as follows:
1728:
Royal Bastards: The Birth of Illegitimacy, 800-1230
1528:
The Aristocracy in Twelfth-century León and Castile
1457:
1225:
952:on 22 January 1188 aged 51, while returning from a
490:In May/June 1165 Ferdinand II married with Infanta
1066:Royal Pantheon of the Kings of San Isidoro of León
992:Royal Pantheon of the Kings of San Isidoro of León
818:Royal Pantheon of the Kings of San Isidoro of León
511:The war against the Kingdom of Castile (1162–1166)
1684:
1373:
1273:
1249:
423:, annulled the clauses of the Treaty of Sahagún.
249:(c. 1137 – 22 January 1188), was a member of the
2611:
1735:Montaña Conchiña, Juan Luis de la (1991–1992).
1615:
1513:. Vol. 18, no. 18. pp. 233–266.
1337:
479:. In the same year, Ferdinand II defeated King
1776:
1667:
1574:
1475:
1361:
823:
730:Second marriage with Teresa Fernández de Traba
2215:
1900:
1491:
1439:
1427:
1415:
1158:", 1155 (Documentos de la Catedral de Lugo).
533:In 1162, Ferdinand II conquered the city of
397:. Ferdinand earned the reputation of a good
345:
35:Ferdinand II in miniature of the Tumbo A of
2222:
2208:
1907:
1893:
1640:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1620:(in Spanish). Trujillo. pp. 179–194.
845:to numerous cities and towns; in 1164, to
29:
16:King of León and Galicia from 1157 to 1188
1722:
1530:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1243:
1618:XXXV Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura
986:Contravening his wishes to be buried at
974:
925:, in June, and by Ferdinand II in July.
827:
668:
650:At the beginning of the summer of 1169,
514:
349:
2229:
1759:The Medieval Military Orders: 1120–1314
1567:The Medieval Military Orders: 1120-1314
435:education he wished to take charge of.
304:Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona
294:. His paternal grandparents were Count
98:22 January 1188 (aged 50–51)
2612:
1755:
1544:
1525:
1508:
1400:
1349:
1325:
1310:
1231:
998:, was a supporter of King Alfonso IX.
928:In May 1187 Ferdinand II married with
583:, from whom he snatched the cities of
2203:
1888:
1701:
1494:Sepulcros de la Casa Real de Castilla
1463:
773:, the illegitimate daughter of Count
502:, and this caused the inhabitants of
1914:
1563:
1282:
1255:
923:archbishop of Santiago de Compostela
1178:Stephanie Alfonso "the Unfortunate"
943:
446:, in which his father-in-law Count
302:and his maternal grandparents were
112:Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela
13:
1796:
1492:Arco y Garay, Ricardo del (1954).
1056:Ferdinand II and his second wife,
897:granted the grace of the Jacobean
14:
2676:
1779:Crónica del Emperador Alfonso VII
1777:Pérez González, Maurilio (1997).
1074:Ferdinand II and his third wife,
1034:Ferdinand II and his first wife,
877:, Melón, Armenteira, Moraime and
519:Ferdinand II in miniature of the
2349:
2014:
1670:Medieval Iberia: an encyclopedia
1300:(in Spanish). 1763. p. 225.
988:Santiago de Compostela Cathedral
981:Santiago de Compostela Cathedral
883:Santiago de Compostela Cathedral
627:, which was in the power of the
145:
58:21 August 1157 – 22 January 1188
37:Santiago de Compostela Cathedral
1575:Clemente Ramos, Julián (1994).
1485:
1205:
1196:
1187:
1182:Chronica latina regum castellae
1161:
720:Order of Santiago de Compostela
360:Alfonso VII of León and Castile
288:Alfonso VII of León and Castile
229:Alfonso VII of León and Castile
181:
159:
141:
2645:12th-century Galician monarchs
1288:
1261:
1144:Tenente Gallicie rex Fernandus
1136:
1103:
1:
2650:12th-century Leonese monarchs
1218:
885:, granting a life pension to
483:, who, in 1163, had occupied
308:Douce I, Countess of Provence
2503:Portuguese House of Burgundy
1564:Busk, Mary Margaret (1833).
1519:10.1016/0304-4181(92)90022-Q
1115:Rex Legionensis et Galleciae
440:Fernando Rodríguez de Castro
7:
2630:Castilian House of Burgundy
1702:Leese, Thelma Anna (1996).
1511:Journal of Medieval History
1268:The Encyclopædia Britannica
1111:Rex Legionensis et Gallecie
824:Ordination of the territory
746:(their grandmothers, Queen
666:as conductor of the siege.
265:from 1157 until his death.
199:
10:
2681:
1741:Norba. Revista de historia
1730:. Oxford University Press.
1476:Gerli & Armistead 2003
1386:Montaña Conchiña 1991–1992
1006:and his grandfather Count
2660:People of the Reconquista
2655:People from Toledo, Spain
2589:
2533:
2519:
2501:
2429:
2396:
2358:
2347:
2241:
2179:
2123:
2056:
2023:
2012:
1926:
1873:
1860:
1852:
1847:
1812:
1806:, 1989, pp. 366–417.
1756:Morton, Nicholas (2014).
1579:(in Spanish). Barcelona:
1547:A History of the Crusades
1129:(King of the Spanish) or
1058:Teresa Fernández de Traba
771:Teresa Fernández de Traba
567:, located in the current
346:Childhood and early years
273:
234:
224:
212:
192:
155:Teresa Fernández de Traba
118:
106:
94:
86:
82:
72:
62:
54:
43:
28:
23:
1819:Castilian House of Ivrea
1154:", 1155, ibid, doc. 6; "
1096:
1029:
881:. It also benefited the
219:Castilian House of Ivrea
2511:Ferdinand I of Portugal
1109:The complete title was
1004:Berengaria of Barcelona
963:Primera Crónica General
889:. During his reign the
775:Fernando Pérez de Traba
637:Santa Cruz de la Sierra
367:Fernando Pérez de Traba
356:Privilegium Imperatoris
334:, of whom only survive
292:Berenguela of Barcelona
268:
239:Berenguela of Barcelona
1672:. Taylor and Francis.
1570:. Baldwin and Cradock.
1526:Barton, Simon (1997).
1374:Hernández Jiménez 1967
1014:to the remains of the
983:
973:
836:
677:
546:Manrique Pérez de Lara
530:
395:Asturias de Santillana
380:In a council begun in
362:
251:Castilian cadet branch
2360:Astur-Leonese dynasty
1814:Ferdinand II of León
978:
968:
948:Ferdinand II died at
839:Ferdinand II granted
831:
672:
615:and the territory of
518:
353:
312:Sancho III of Castile
1824:Cadet branch of the
1338:Corrales Gaitán 2006
1076:Urraca López de Haro
996:Pedro Suárez de Deza
930:Urraca López de Haro
601:Afonso I of Portugal
577:Sancho VI of Navarre
539:Alfonso II of Aragon
521:Tombo de Toxos Outos
481:Afonso I of Portugal
340:Alfonso II of Aragon
328:Sancho VI of Navarre
170:Urraca López de Haro
144: 1165;
2535:House of Trastámara
2125:House of Trastámara
1928:Astur-Leonese house
1442:, pp. 169–170.
1364:, pp. 649–650.
1362:Clemente Ramos 1994
1352:, pp. 414–415.
1246:, p. Figure 2.
1008:Raymond of Burgundy
934:Lope Díaz I de Haro
879:San Martín de Xubia
861:and to the city of
764:Henry II of England
762:, daughter of King
660:Alcazaba of Badajoz
450:lost his life, and
417:Kingdom of Portugal
320:Louis VII of France
296:Raymond of Burgundy
162:1177/78; died 1180)
2640:Castilian infantes
2521:House of Lancaster
1708:. Heritage Books.
1452:Elorza et al. 1990
1078:, had three sons:
1036:Urraca of Portugal
1024:Alfonso IX of León
984:
958:Alfonso IX of León
907:Camino de Santiago
903:Bula Regis Aeterni
895:Pope Alexander III
837:
779:Nuño Pérez de Lara
752:Teresa of Portugal
736:Pope Alexander III
724:Order of Alcántara
709:Kingdom of Castile
678:
609:Sancho of Portugal
569:Province of Cuenca
531:
492:Urraca of Portugal
452:Nuño Pérez de Lara
444:Battle of Lobregal
363:
130:Urraca of Portugal
2607:
2606:
2591:House of Habsburg
2431:House of Burgundy
2197:
2196:
2181:House of Habsburg
2058:House of Burgundy
1883:
1882:
1874:Succeeded by
1769:978-1-31786-147-8
1715:978-0-78840-525-9
1627:978-84-690-7859-4
1556:978-0-29906-6-703
1440:Arco y Garay 1954
1428:Arco y Garay 1954
1416:Arco y Garay 1954
1169:Ibn Ṣāḥib al-Ṣalā
1125:(King of Spain),
899:jubilee holy year
891:Order of Santiago
707:influence of the
652:Geraldo Geraldes
573:Order of Santiago
412:Treaty of Sahagún
332:Richeza of Poland
244:
243:
2672:
2665:Sons of emperors
2635:Leonese infantes
2398:House of Jiménez
2353:
2224:
2217:
2210:
2201:
2200:
2025:House of Jiménez
2018:
1909:
1902:
1895:
1886:
1885:
1853:Preceded by
1843:
1836:
1810:
1809:
1792:
1773:
1752:
1731:
1719:
1698:
1681:
1664:
1645:
1639:
1631:
1612:
1606:
1602:
1600:
1592:
1571:
1560:
1541:
1522:
1505:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1404:
1398:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1235:
1229:
1212:
1209:
1203:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1185:
1165:
1159:
1140:
1134:
1133:(King of Spain).
1121:(King of León),
1107:
1060:, had two sons:
1016:Apostle Santiago
944:Death and burial
893:was founded and
656:("without fear")
529:
387:Tierra de Campos
375:Ponce de Minerva
203:
185:
183:
161:
149:
147:
143:
33:
21:
20:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2669:
2610:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2585:
2529:
2515:
2497:
2425:
2392:
2354:
2345:
2237:
2228:
2198:
2193:
2175:
2119:
2052:
2019:
2010:
1956:Alfonso Fróilaz
1922:
1913:
1879:
1870:
1858:
1842:22 January 1188
1837:
1831:
1830:
1822:
1815:
1799:
1797:Further reading
1789:
1770:
1724:McDougall, Sara
1716:
1661:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1605:|magazine=
1604:
1603:
1594:
1593:
1557:
1538:
1488:
1483:
1482:
1474:
1470:
1462:
1458:
1450:
1446:
1438:
1434:
1426:
1422:
1414:
1407:
1399:
1392:
1384:
1380:
1372:
1368:
1360:
1356:
1348:
1344:
1336:
1332:
1324:
1317:
1309:
1305:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1281:
1274:
1266:
1262:
1254:
1250:
1242:
1238:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1215:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1167:The chronicler
1166:
1162:
1141:
1137:
1131:Rex Hispaniarum
1108:
1104:
1099:
1038:, had one son:
1032:
946:
919:Abu Yaqub Yusuf
915:
869:and in 1177 to
859:Castro Caldelas
826:
799:
732:
683:Abu Yaqub Yusuf
676:of Ferdinand II
597:
561:Knights Templar
550:Battle of Huete
523:
513:
461:Majordomo mayor
456:Martin of Tours
448:Osorio Martínez
407:
371:King of Galicia
348:
276:
271:
200:among others...
197:
196:
188:
187:
184: 1187)
179:
175:
172:
157:
151:
148: 1175)
139:
135:
132:
114:
99:
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2678:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2595:
2593:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2583:
2574:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2539:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2507:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2435:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2402:
2400:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2390:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2364:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2247:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2227:
2226:
2219:
2212:
2204:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2185:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2164:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2129:
2127:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2062:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2029:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1932:
1930:
1924:
1923:
1912:
1911:
1904:
1897:
1889:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1872:
1859:
1854:
1850:
1849:
1848:Regnal titles
1845:
1844:
1827:House of Ivrea
1823:
1816:
1813:
1808:
1807:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1787:
1774:
1768:
1753:
1732:
1720:
1714:
1699:
1682:
1665:
1659:
1646:
1626:
1613:
1572:
1561:
1555:
1542:
1536:
1523:
1506:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1478:, p. 329.
1468:
1456:
1444:
1432:
1430:, p. 171.
1420:
1418:, p. 169.
1405:
1390:
1388:, p. 201.
1378:
1366:
1354:
1342:
1340:, p. 194.
1330:
1328:, p. 414.
1315:
1313:, p. 259.
1303:
1287:
1272:
1260:
1248:
1244:McDougall 2017
1236:
1223:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1204:
1195:
1186:
1160:
1135:
1127:Rex Hispanorum
1119:Regis Legionis
1101:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1086:
1083:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1054:
1053:
1031:
1028:
945:
942:
938:Lord of Biscay
932:, daughter of
914:
911:
853:; in 1168, to
842:cartas forales
825:
822:
798:
795:
783:Houses of Lara
748:Urraca of León
744:second cousins
731:
728:
617:Xinzo de Limia
605:Ciudad Rodrigo
596:
593:
512:
509:
500:Ciudad Rodrigo
438:In March 1160
428:Houses of Lara
406:
403:
347:
344:
338:(wife of King
326:(wife of King
318:(wife of King
300:Urraca of León
275:
272:
270:
267:
255:House of Ivrea
242:
241:
236:
232:
231:
226:
222:
221:
216:
210:
209:
204:
190:
189:
177:
173:
168:
167:
166:
165:
163:
137:
133:
128:
127:
126:
125:
122:
120:
116:
115:
110:
108:
104:
103:
96:
92:
91:
88:
84:
83:
80:
79:
74:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
56:
52:
51:
41:
40:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2677:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2615:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2582:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2527:John of Gaunt
2524:
2522:
2518:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2463:Ferdinand III
2461:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2401:
2399:
2395:
2389:
2386:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2352:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2243:Suebian kings
2240:
2236:
2232:
2225:
2220:
2218:
2213:
2211:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2090:Ferdinand III
2088:
2086:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1910:
1905:
1903:
1898:
1896:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1878:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1857:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1834:
1829:
1828:
1821:
1820:
1811:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1790:
1788:84-7719-601-X
1784:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1765:
1762:. Routledge.
1761:
1760:
1754:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1660:84-241-9999-5
1656:
1652:
1647:
1643:
1637:
1629:
1623:
1619:
1614:
1610:
1598:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1537:9780521497275
1533:
1529:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1489:
1477:
1472:
1466:, p. 47.
1465:
1460:
1454:, p. 57.
1453:
1448:
1441:
1436:
1429:
1424:
1417:
1412:
1410:
1403:, p. 39.
1402:
1397:
1395:
1387:
1382:
1376:, p. 93.
1375:
1370:
1363:
1358:
1351:
1346:
1339:
1334:
1327:
1322:
1320:
1312:
1307:
1299:
1298:
1291:
1285:, p. 32.
1284:
1279:
1277:
1269:
1264:
1258:, p. 31.
1257:
1252:
1245:
1240:
1234:, p. 13.
1233:
1228:
1224:
1208:
1199:
1190:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1164:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1139:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1123:Rex Hispaniae
1120:
1116:
1112:
1106:
1102:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1059:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1027:
1025:
1019:
1017:
1011:
1009:
1005:
999:
997:
993:
989:
982:
977:
972:
967:
965:
964:
959:
955:
951:
941:
939:
935:
931:
926:
924:
920:
910:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
865:; in 1170 to
864:
860:
857:; in 1169 to
856:
852:
848:
844:
843:
834:
830:
821:
819:
815:
810:
808:
804:
794:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
767:
765:
761:
757:
753:
750:and Countess
749:
745:
741:
740:consanguinity
737:
727:
725:
721:
716:
714:
710:
705:
701:
696:
692:
688:
684:
675:
671:
667:
665:
661:
657:
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648:
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634:
630:
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622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
592:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
553:
551:
547:
542:
540:
536:
527:
522:
517:
508:
505:
501:
497:
493:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
465:
463:
462:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
436:
433:
429:
424:
422:
418:
413:
402:
400:
396:
392:
388:
383:
378:
376:
372:
368:
361:
357:
352:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
240:
237:
233:
230:
227:
223:
220:
217:
215:
211:
208:
205:
202:
201:
195:
191:
171:
164:
156:
153:
152:
131:
124:
123:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
102:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
78:
75:
71:
68:
65:
61:
57:
53:
50:
46:
42:
38:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2620:1130s births
2483:Ferdinand IV
2444:Ferdinand II
2443:
2105:Ferdinand IV
2071:Ferdinand II
2070:
1863:King of León
1861:
1839:
1832:
1825:
1817:
1803:
1778:
1758:
1740:
1727:
1704:
1686:
1669:
1650:
1617:
1576:
1566:
1546:
1527:
1510:
1493:
1471:
1459:
1447:
1435:
1423:
1381:
1369:
1357:
1345:
1333:
1306:
1296:
1290:
1267:
1263:
1251:
1239:
1227:
1207:
1198:
1189:
1181:
1172:
1163:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1073:
1055:
1047:King of León
1033:
1020:
1012:
1000:
985:
969:
962:
947:
927:
916:
902:
887:Master Mateo
841:
838:
835:of Ribadavia
832:
811:
800:
768:
733:
717:
694:
690:
686:
679:
673:
663:
653:
649:
598:
563:the city of
554:
543:
532:
489:
477:Alburquerque
466:
459:
437:
425:
421:Alfonso VIII
408:
379:
370:
364:
355:
277:
259:King of León
247:Ferdinand II
246:
245:
198:
45:King of León
24:Ferdinand II
18:
2625:1188 deaths
2572:Ferdinand V
2478:Prince John
2439:Alfonso VII
2388:Bermudo III
2162:Ferdinand V
2066:Alfonso VII
2033:Ferdinand I
2006:Bermudo III
1936:Alfonso III
1856:Alfonso VII
1401:Morton 2014
1350:Bishko 1975
1326:Bishko 1975
1311:Barton 1992
1232:Barton 1997
814:Tordesillas
803:Castrojeriz
589:Albuquerque
524: [
67:Alfonso VII
63:Predecessor
2614:Categories
2568:Isabella I
2488:Alfonso XI
2449:Alfonso IX
2416:Alfonso VI
2378:Bermudo II
2306:Theodemund
2296:Hermeneric
2158:Isabella I
2110:Alfonso XI
2076:Alfonso IX
2043:Alfonso VI
1996:Bermudo II
1991:Ramiro III
1971:Ordoño III
1961:Alfonso IV
1877:Alfonso IX
1871:1157–1188
1835:circa 1137
1678:B017WOHFKY
1486:References
1464:Leese 1996
1219:References
1043:Alfonso IX
954:pilgrimage
863:Pontevedra
641:Montánchez
469:Almoravids
382:Valladolid
298:and Queen
207:Alfonso IX
77:Alfonso IX
2599:Charles I
2553:Henry III
2473:Sancho IV
2468:Alfonso X
2411:Sancho II
2406:García II
2383:Alfonso V
2368:Ordoño II
2321:Theodemar
2291:Remismund
2281:Richimund
2189:Charles I
2143:Henry III
2100:Sancho IV
2095:Alfonso X
2038:Sancho II
2001:Alfonso V
1981:Ordoño IV
1966:Ramiro II
1951:Fruela II
1946:Ordoño II
1749:0213-375X
1695:0304-4335
1636:cite book
1607:ignored (
1597:cite book
1589:0066-5061
1283:Busk 1833
1256:Busk 1833
1173:Sem Pavor
950:Benavente
851:Ribadavia
742:as being
734:In 1175,
695:Sem Pavor
691:Sem Pavor
687:Majordomo
664:Sem Pavor
654:Sem Pavor
585:Alcántara
504:Salamanca
485:Salamanca
473:Alcántara
316:Constance
101:Benavente
73:Successor
2581:Philip I
2563:Henry IV
2543:Henry II
2373:Sancho I
2311:Chararic
2301:Veremund
2251:Hermeric
2231:Monarchs
2171:Philip I
2153:Henry IV
2133:Henry II
1986:Sancho I
1976:Sancho I
1941:García I
1916:Monarchs
1726:(2017).
1502:11366237
791:affinity
704:Guadiana
645:Santarém
633:Trujillo
629:Saracens
581:Almohads
278:Born in
2558:John II
2341:Malaric
2316:Ariamir
2271:Maldras
2261:Rechiar
2256:Rechila
2235:Galicia
2148:John II
1867:Galicia
1090:alférez
1051:Galicia
875:Sobrado
760:Eleanor
756:Alfonso
625:Badajoz
621:Cáceres
548:at the
496:Ledesma
391:Sahagún
284:Castile
263:Galicia
253:of the
186:
178:
174:
150:
138:
134:
119:Spouses
90:c. 1137
49:Galicia
2579:&
2577:Joanna
2570:&
2548:John I
2456:&
2454:Sancha
2421:Urraca
2336:Audeca
2331:Eboric
2286:Frumar
2276:Framta
2266:Aioulf
2169:&
2167:Joanna
2160:&
2138:John I
2083:&
2081:Sancha
2048:Urraca
1838:
1785:
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1676:
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1534:
1500:
960:. The
847:Padrón
807:Dueñas
713:Zamora
535:Toledo
432:Castro
399:knight
336:Sancha
324:Sancha
322:) and
306:, and
280:Toledo
274:Family
235:Mother
225:Father
107:Burial
2493:Peter
2458:Dulce
2115:Peter
2085:Dulce
1840:Died:
1833:Born:
1097:Notes
1030:Issue
833:Fuero
787:Traba
700:Tagus
565:Uclés
557:Soria
528:]
214:House
194:Issue
180:(
176:
140:(
136:
55:Reign
2326:Miro
1920:León
1865:and
1783:ISBN
1764:ISBN
1745:ISSN
1710:ISBN
1691:ISSN
1674:ASIN
1655:ISBN
1642:link
1622:ISBN
1609:help
1585:ISSN
1581:CSIC
1551:ISBN
1532:ISBN
1498:OCLC
1049:and
871:Lugo
855:Noia
849:and
805:and
785:and
702:and
674:Rota
639:and
587:and
498:and
475:and
430:and
393:and
290:and
269:Life
261:and
257:and
146:ann.
95:Died
87:Born
47:and
2233:of
1918:of
1515:doi
1113:or
867:Tui
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