173:
when dating the career of an artist. In this context, it denotes the period of the individual's known artistic activity, which would generally be after they had received their training and, for example, had begun signing work or being mentioned in contracts.
165:
by John Jones in 1204 and 1229, as well as a record of his marriage in 1197, a record concerning him might be written as "John Jones (fl. 1197–1229)", even though Jones was born before 1197 and died possibly after 1229.
158:
and historical writing when a person's birth or death dates are unknown, but some other evidence exists that indicates when they were alive. For example, if there are
278:
100:") denotes a date or period during which a person was known to have been alive or active. In English, the unabbreviated word may also be used as a
962:
638:
154:
Broadly, the term is employed in reference to the peak of activity for a person or movement. More specifically, it often is used in
409:
756:
241:
957:
553:
369:
332:
1254:
593:
1003:
751:
746:
936:
806:
1146:
1126:
1136:
1108:
941:
720:
31:
1203:
402:
1141:
1091:
878:
725:
252:
324:
1041:
842:
588:
487:
310:
359:
643:
1076:
1017:
993:
988:
273:
8:
1103:
998:
916:
906:
681:
598:
578:
568:
395:
35:
17:
1228:
1208:
1086:
1071:
1056:
978:
777:
741:
543:
317:
312:
162:
1036:
832:
827:
671:
507:
365:
328:
1233:
1182:
1098:
1046:
822:
800:
666:
563:
49:
1166:
1131:
1118:
1081:
1028:
886:
781:
715:
676:
513:
1259:
1066:
864:
852:
796:
791:
785:
710:
633:
558:
112:
1248:
983:
901:
896:
847:
837:
477:
1061:
859:
573:
548:
533:
499:
459:
319:
World
Dictionary of Foreign Expressions: a Resource for Readers and Writers
256:
761:
658:
620:
603:
538:
519:
452:
432:
218:
170:
119:
is the third-person singular perfect active indicative of the Latin verb
528:
523:
418:
159:
1218:
1198:
931:
891:
628:
437:
155:
1213:
1051:
695:
608:
447:
442:
207:
246:
177:
In some cases, it can be replaced by the words "active between
67:
648:
387:
192:
93:
61:
582:
464:
101:
30:"Flourished" and "fl." redirect here. For other uses, see
482:
73:
64:
279:
The
American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
183:", depending on context and if space or style permits.
55:
76:
58:
963:
Global
Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP)
315:; Thomas J. Sienkewicz; James T. McDonough (1999).
52:
316:
1246:
135:"to bloom, flower, or flourish", from the noun
403:
104:indicating the time when someone flourished.
364:, University of Toronto Press, p. 307,
197:
145:
137:
129:
121:
70:
410:
396:
272:
958:Global Standard Stratigraphic Age (GSSA)
323:. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. p.
357:
27:Period during which a person was active
14:
1247:
304:
236:
234:
391:
268:
266:
107:
231:
24:
757:Adoption of the Gregorian calendar
25:
1271:
263:
48:
639:English and British regnal year
358:Johnson, W. McAllister (1990),
417:
361:Art History: Its Use and Abuse
351:
293:
13:
1:
752:Old Style and New Style dates
282:(5th ed.). HarperCollins
224:
704:Pre-Julian / Julian
7:
937:Geological history of Earth
807:Astronomical year numbering
186:
10:
1276:
300:Cassell's Latin Dictionary
169:The term is often used in
29:
1191:
1175:
1159:
1117:
1109:Thermoluminescence dating
1027:
1016:
1004:Samarium–neodymium dating
971:
950:
924:
915:
877:
815:
770:
734:
703:
694:
657:
619:
498:
473:
425:
32:Flourish (disambiguation)
823:Chinese sexagenary cycle
1255:Latin words and phrases
1037:Amino acid racemisation
253:Oxford University Press
1042:Archaeomagnetic dating
554:Era of Caesar (Iberia)
198:
146:
138:
130:
122:
116:
942:Geological time units
249:UK English Dictionary
994:Law of superposition
989:Isotope geochemistry
346:fata morgana Morgan.
1127:Fluorine absorption
1104:Luminescence dating
999:Luminescence dating
907:Milankovitch cycles
747:Proleptic Gregorian
579:Hindu units of time
36:FL (disambiguation)
1229:Terminus post quem
1209:Synchronoptic view
1176:Linguistic methods
1137:Obsidian hydration
1072:Radiometric dating
1057:Incremental dating
979:Chronostratigraphy
313:Kofi Acquah-Dadzie
311:Adeleye, Gabriel;
1242:
1241:
1155:
1154:
1012:
1011:
873:
872:
828:Geologic Calendar
690:
689:
108:Etymology and use
16:(Redirected from
1267:
1234:ASPRO chronology
1183:Glottochronology
1099:Tephrochronology
1047:Dendrochronology
1025:
1024:
922:
921:
721:Proleptic Julian
711:Pre-Julian Roman
701:
700:
496:
495:
412:
405:
398:
389:
388:
382:
381:
380:
378:
355:
349:
348:
343:
341:
322:
308:
302:
297:
291:
290:
288:
287:
270:
261:
260:
255:. Archived from
238:
201:
149:
141:
133:
125:
88:or occasionally
83:
82:
79:
78:
75:
72:
69:
66:
63:
60:
57:
54:
21:
1275:
1274:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1238:
1187:
1171:
1167:Molecular clock
1160:Genetic methods
1151:
1132:Nitrogen dating
1119:Relative dating
1113:
1082:Potassium–argon
1029:Absolute dating
1019:
1008:
967:
946:
911:
887:Cosmic Calendar
879:Astronomic time
869:
811:
766:
730:
716:Original Julian
686:
653:
615:
514:Ab urbe condita
492:
469:
421:
416:
386:
385:
376:
374:
372:
356:
352:
339:
337:
335:
309:
305:
298:
294:
285:
283:
271:
264:
240:
239:
232:
227:
189:
182:
179:
110:
51:
47:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1273:
1263:
1262:
1257:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1204:New Chronology
1201:
1195:
1193:
1192:Related topics
1189:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1123:
1121:
1115:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1069:
1067:Paleomagnetism
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1033:
1031:
1022:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
975:
973:
969:
968:
966:
965:
960:
954:
952:
948:
947:
945:
944:
939:
934:
928:
926:
919:
913:
912:
910:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
883:
881:
875:
874:
871:
870:
868:
867:
865:New Earth Time
862:
857:
856:
855:
850:
840:
835:
830:
825:
819:
817:
813:
812:
810:
809:
804:
794:
789:
774:
772:
768:
767:
765:
764:
759:
754:
749:
744:
738:
736:
732:
731:
729:
728:
726:Revised Julian
723:
718:
713:
707:
705:
698:
692:
691:
688:
687:
685:
684:
679:
674:
669:
663:
661:
655:
654:
652:
651:
646:
644:Lists of kings
641:
636:
634:Canon of Kings
631:
625:
623:
617:
616:
614:
613:
612:
611:
606:
601:
596:
586:
576:
571:
566:
561:
559:Before present
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
517:
510:
504:
502:
493:
491:
490:
485:
480:
474:
471:
470:
468:
467:
462:
457:
456:
455:
445:
440:
435:
429:
427:
423:
422:
415:
414:
407:
400:
392:
384:
383:
370:
350:
333:
303:
292:
262:
259:on 2021-01-29.
229:
228:
226:
223:
222:
221:
216:
204:
188:
185:
181:
178:
109:
106:
84:; abbreviated
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1272:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1250:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:Chronological
1015:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
984:Geochronology
982:
980:
977:
976:
974:
970:
964:
961:
959:
956:
955:
953:
949:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
929:
927:
923:
920:
918:
917:Geologic time
914:
908:
905:
903:
902:Metonic cycle
900:
898:
897:Galactic year
895:
893:
890:
888:
885:
884:
882:
880:
876:
866:
863:
861:
858:
854:
851:
849:
846:
845:
844:
841:
839:
838:ISO week date
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
820:
818:
814:
808:
805:
802:
798:
795:
793:
790:
787:
783:
779:
776:
775:
773:
769:
763:
760:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
745:
743:
740:
739:
737:
733:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
708:
706:
702:
699:
697:
693:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
664:
662:
660:
656:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
626:
624:
622:
618:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
591:
590:
587:
584:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
544:Byzantine era
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
521:
518:
516:
515:
511:
509:
506:
505:
503:
501:
500:Calendar eras
497:
494:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
475:
472:
466:
463:
461:
458:
454:
451:
450:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
430:
428:
424:
420:
413:
408:
406:
401:
399:
394:
393:
390:
373:
371:0-86516-423-1
367:
363:
362:
354:
347:
336:
334:0-86516-423-1
330:
326:
321:
320:
314:
307:
301:
296:
281:
280:
275:
269:
267:
258:
254:
250:
248:
243:
237:
235:
230:
220:
217:
214:
210:
209:
205:
202:
200:
194:
191:
190:
184:
175:
172:
167:
164:
161:
157:
152:
150:
148:
142:
140:
134:
132:
126:
124:
118:
114:
105:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
81:
45:
44:
37:
33:
19:
1223:
1147:Stratigraphy
1092:Uranium–lead
1062:Lichenometry
860:Winter count
843:Mesoamerican
771:Astronomical
589:Mesoamerican
574:Sothic cycle
549:Seleucid era
534:Bosporan era
522: /
512:
460:Paleontology
375:, retrieved
360:
353:
345:
338:. Retrieved
318:
306:
299:
295:
284:. Retrieved
277:
257:the original
245:
212:
206:
196:
176:
168:
153:
151:, "flower".
144:
136:
128:
120:
111:
97:
89:
85:
42:
41:
40:
1087:Radiocarbon
762:Dual dating
621:Regnal year
599:Short Count
539:Bostran era
520:Anno Domini
453:Big History
433:Archaeology
219:Family tree
195:(r., Latin
171:art history
1249:Categories
682:Vietnamese
594:Long Count
529:Anno Mundi
524:Common Era
426:Key topics
419:Chronology
286:2017-11-26
225:References
98:flourished
1219:Year zero
1199:Chronicle
1142:Seriation
1077:Lead–lead
951:Standards
932:Deep time
892:Ephemeris
778:Lunisolar
742:Gregorian
735:Gregorian
696:Calendars
659:Era names
629:Anka year
508:Human Era
438:Astronomy
274:"floruit"
242:"floruit"
156:genealogy
1214:Timeline
1052:Ice core
925:Concepts
672:Japanese
604:Tzolk'in
569:Egyptian
187:See also
163:attested
1224:Floruit
972:Methods
833:Iranian
801:Islamic
667:Chinese
478:Periods
448:History
443:Geology
208:Tempore
131:flōrēre
117:flōruit
92:; from
43:Floruit
1020:dating
816:Others
782:Hebrew
677:Korean
488:Epochs
377:1 June
368:
340:1 June
331:
247:Lexico
147:flōris
123:flōreō
1260:Verbs
853:Aztec
797:Lunar
792:Solar
786:Hindu
649:Limmu
609:Haab'
564:Hijri
213:temp.
199:rexit
193:Reign
160:wills
113:Latin
96:for "
94:Latin
90:flor.
848:Maya
583:Yuga
483:Eras
465:Time
379:2010
366:ISBN
342:2010
329:ISBN
180:and
139:flōs
102:noun
34:and
325:147
86:fl.
62:ɔːr
18:Fl.
1251::
784:,
344:.
327:.
276:.
265:^
251:.
244:.
233:^
143:,
127:,
115::
803:)
799:(
788:)
780:(
585:)
581:(
411:e
404:t
397:v
289:.
215:)
211:(
203:)
80:/
77:t
74:ɪ
71:.
68:u
65:j
59:l
56:f
53:ˈ
50:/
46:(
38:.
20:)
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