1274:: "In Hipparchus's house there was a specially decorated room and a cross was painted on the east wall of it. There before the image of the cross, they used to pray seven times a day ... with their faces turned to the east." It is easy to see the importance of this passage when you compare it with what Origen says. The custom of turning towards the rising sun when praying had been replaced by the habit of turning towards the east wall. This we find in Origen. From the other passage we see that a cross had been painted on the wall to show which was the east. Hence the origin of the practice of hanging crucifixes on the walls of the private rooms in Christian houses. We know too that signs were put up in the Jewish synagogues to show the direction of Jerusalem, because the Jews turned that way when they said their prayers. The question of the proper way to face for prayer has always been of great importance in the East. It is worth remembering that Mohammedans pray with their faces turned towards Mecca and that one reason for the condemnation of Al Hallaj, the Mohammedan martyr, was that he refused to conform to this practice.
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prayer times in the evening, at midnight and in the morning. As a result seven 'hours of prayer' emerged, which later became the monastic 'hours' and are still treated as 'standard' prayer times in many churches today. They are roughly equivalent to midnight, 6 a.m., 9 a.m., noon, 3 p.m., 6 p.m. and 9 p.m. Prayer positions included prostration, kneeling and standing ... Crosses made of wood or stone, or painted on walls or laid out as mosaics, were also in use, at first not directly as objections of veneration but in order to 'orientate' the direction of prayer (i.e. towards the east, Latin
1144:) in the Holy of Holies of the Temple. For instance, Daniel in Babylon 'went to his house where he had windows in his upper chamber open to Jerusalem; and he got down upon his knees three times a day and prayed and gave thanks before his God, as he had done previously' (Dan 6:10). Even after the destruction of the Temple, the prevailing custom of turning towards Jerusalem for prayer was kept in the liturgy of the synagogue. Thus Jews have expressed their eschatological hope for the coming of the Messiah, the rebuilding of the Temple, and the gathering of God's people from the Diaspora.
49:
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designated for prayer from the earliest days of the church. Peter prayed at the sixth hour, i.e. at noon (Acts 10:9). The ninth hour is called the "hour of prayer" (Acts 3:1). This was the hour when
Cornelius prayed even as a "God-fearer" attached to the Jewish community, i.e. before his conversion to Christianity. it was also the hour of Jesus' final prayer (Matt. 27:46, Mark 15:34, Luke 22:44-46).
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before going to bed at night are sometimes held in private and sometimes in the company of other believers in the same household. But
Hippolytus refers to other gatherings which offer, besides prayer, an opportunity for instruction and inspiration. Thus, we see here the beginning of the practice of setting aside certain times for private prayer as well as others for communal prayer.
1942:
reason the sign of the cross was frequently traced on the eastern wall of places of prayer, thereby indicating the direction of prayer, but also rendering the Lord's coming a present reality in the sign which heralds it. In other words, through the cross the anticipated eschatological appearance becomes
1752:
For example, within
Orthodox and Roman Christianity, the hours until very recently have been more often observed by monastics and clergy than by laity, a direct violation of their origin as an office of the people, just as they have been as often chanted as spoken, a rich custom that is none the less
644:
is considered one of the Baháʼí's most important obligations. The short prayer can only be said between noon and sunset, while the medium prayer must be said three times during the day: once between sunrise and noon, once between noon and sunset, and once in the two hours following sunset. The long
1372:
Not only the content of early
Christian prayer was rooted in Jewish tradition; its daily structure too initially followed a Jewish pattern, with prayer times in the early morning, at noon and in the evening. Later (in the course of the second century), this pattern combined with another one; namely
1941:
Because Christ was expected to come from the east, Christians at a very early date prayed facing that direction in order to show themselves ready for his appearing, and actually looking forward to the great event which would consummate the union with him already experienced in prayer. For the same
1338:
Clement of
Alexandria noted that "some fix hours for prayer, such as the third, sixth and ninth" (Stromata 7:7). Tertullian commends these hours, because of their importance (see below) in the New Testament and because their number recalls the Trinity (De Oratione 25). These hours indeed appear as
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These words make it clear that
Hippolytus is dealing both with prayers that are to take place at home or during the day's business and with the prayers and times of study that take place in the community of the church. The prayers upon rising, on the third hour either at home or away from it, and
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directed that
Christians should pray seven times a day - on rising, at the lighting of the evening lamp, at bedtime, at midnight, and also, if at home, at the third, sixth and ninth hours of the day, being hours associated with Christ's Passion. Prayers at the third, sixth, and ninth hours are
116:. In modern times, various religious or scientific agencies in Muslim countries produce annual prayer timetables for each locality, and electronic clocks capable of calculating local prayer times have been created. In the past, some mosques employed astronomers called the
288:
instructed
Christians to pray seven times a day, "on rising, at the lighting of the evening lamp, at bedtime, at midnight" and "the third, sixth and ninth hours of the day, being hours associated with Christ's Passion (i.e. 9 a.m., 12 p.m., 3 p.m.)."
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We are commanded to pray standing, with faces towards the East, for at the last
Messiah is manifested in the East. 2. All Christians, on rising from sleep early in the morning, should wash the face and pray. 3. We are commanded to pray seven times,
1946:: presence. The joining of prayer with the eschatological presence of Christ, unseen to the eye but revealed in the cross, obviously underlies the widely attested practice of prostrating before the sacred wood while praying to him who hung upon it.
1912:
Inside their homes, a cross is placed on the eastern wall of the first room. If one sees a cross in a house and do not find a crucifix or pictures, it is almost certain that the particular family belongs to the Church of the
202:
was in
Babylon, he "went to his house where he had windows in his upper chamber open to Jerusalem; and he got down upon his knees three times a day and prayed and gave thanks before his God, as he had done previously" (cf.
1170:
Prayers 7 times a day are enjoined, and the most strict among the Copts recite one of more of the Psalms of David each time they pray. They always wash their hands and faces before devotions, and turn to the
1537:
The Indian Christians of St. Thomas: Otherwise Called the Syrian Christians of Malabar: a Sketch of Their History and an Account of Their Present Condition as Well as a Discussion of the Legend of St. Thomas
95:
The timing of the five prayers are fixed intervals defined by daily astronomical phenomena. For example, the Maghrib prayer can be performed at any time after sunset and before the disappearance of the red
1310:
similarly mentioned by Tertullian, Cyprian, Clement of Alexandria and Origen, and must have been very widely practised. These prayers were commonly associated with private Bible reading in the family.
458:
are tolled at these hours to enjoin the faithful to prayer. At the very minimum, Orthodox Christians are to pray before meals and thrice daily — in the morning, at noon, and in the evening (cf.
1237:
1107:
At first, the prayers were said facing Jerusalem, as the Jews did--Christians faced toward the East--but later the direction of prayer, the qibla, was changed toward the Kaaba at Mecca.
660:
are obligated to perform five daily prayers at varying times during the day, from the collection of Nitnem prayers. In the morning, typically right after waking and bathing, the
553:
556:
in order to acknowledge that one is offering prayer before a holy God. In these Christian denominations, and in many others as well, it is customary for women to wear a
548:
the eastern wall of their houses, which they face during these seven fixed prayer times. Before praying, Oriental Orthodox Christians and Oriental Protestant Christians
578:
consists of a set of prayers recited three times per day. Mandaeans stand facing north while reciting daily prayers. Unlike in Islam and Coptic Orthodox Christianity,
1968:
The Copts, descendants of these ancient Egyptians, although Christians, have the custom of washing their hands and faces before prayer, and some also wash their feet.
1601:
316:
came to gather together to corporately pray all of the canonical hours communally. This practice of seven fixed prayer times was done in the bodily positions of
1891:
1498:
Morning and Evening Prayer were liturgical services held each day at the local church, during which psalms were sung and prayers were offered to God.
304:. Throughout the rest of the week, Christians assembled at the church every day for "the main hours of prayer"—morning prayer (which became known as
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It is customary to pray formal prayers first thing in the morning after waking, before meals, and immediately before going to sleep at night.
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300:, worshipping communally in both a morning service and evening service, with the purpose of reading the Scriptures and celebrating the
640:
must choose either a short, medium, or long prayer each day to fulfill the requirement of the daily obligatory prayer. Reciting these
477:, the practice of praying the canonical hours at fixed prayer times became mainly observed by monastics and clergy, though today, the
768:
312:), while praying at the other fixed prayer times privately (which included praying the Lord's Prayer at 9 a.m., 12 p.m. and 3 p.m.);
1663:"What is the relationship between bells and the church? When and where did the tradition begin? Should bells ring in every church?"
88:; the early Muslims initially prayed in the direction of Jerusalem before this was changed to Mecca in 624 CE, about a year after
1842:
1981:
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prayer book is used for this purpose. Bible readings may be read after this, often after the evening prayer; to this end, the
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prayer is not bound by a fixed prayer time. The text of these prayers is taken from the writings of the religion's founder,
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prays to God seven times a day. In the Indian Christian and Syriac Christian tradition, these canonical hours are known as
1788:
1031:
939:
868:
207:). After its destruction, Jews continue to pray facing Jerusalem in hope for the coming of the Messiah whom they await.
1641:
2084:
1484:
Dictionary of Early Christian Beliefs: A Reference Guide to More Than 700 Topics Discussed by the Early Church Fathers
641:
2218:
2141:
993:
631:
375:
343:
339:
2186:. Abhandlungen der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, phil.-hist. Klasse, NF 17.1. Berlin.
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Jews in the Diaspora prayed towards Jerusalem, or, more precisely, towards the presence of the transcendent God (
1089:
The Monotheists: Jews, Christians, and Muslims in Conflict and Competition, Volume II: The Words and Will of God
459:
204:
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The tradition of the Church in terms of a minimum standard is three times a day: morning, noon, and evening.
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used in Oriental Orthodox Christianity to pray the canonical hours at seven fixed times of the day in the
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at the beginning of each interval. Because the start and end times for prayers are related to the solar
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Holy Apostolic Catholic Assyrian Church of the East - Archdiocese of Australia, New Zealand and Lebanon
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and standing, which continues today in some denominations, especially those of Oriental Christianity.
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Daily Prayer in the Early Church: A Study of the Origin and Early Development of the Divine Office
509:
tradition has emphasized the praying of the canonical hours as an "essential practice" in being a
22:, praying at dedicated times during the day, are common practice in major world religions such as
2242:
530:
510:
462:). Those who are unable to pray the canonical hour of a certain fixed prayer time may recite the
347:
112:, they vary throughout the year and depend on the local latitude and longitude when expressed in
900:
The Origins of Muslim Prayer: Sixth and Seventh Century Religious Influences on the Salat Ritual
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breviary; the Qauma is always recited at the start of each canonical hour in the Shehimo.
711:
514:
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2274:. Ministry of Liturgical Resource Development - Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church. 2016.
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270:, the practice of seven fixed prayer times have been taught, which traces itself to the
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can be prayed for those whom are unable to recite the canonical hours contained in the
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533:) and Amish have family prayer every morning and evening, which is done kneeling; the
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2008:
Comparative Christianity: A Student's Guide to a Religion and Its Diverse Traditions
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s who were responsible for regulating the prayer time using mathematical astronomy.
48:
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1422:
Calendar, Chronology And Worship: Studies in Ancient Judaism And Early Christianity
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when praying. There exist watches that indicate the seven fixed prayer times.
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We pray standing upright while facing East as we collect our thoughts on God.
859:
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297:
177:
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2151:
1765:
1958:
Smith, Bertha H. (1909). "The Bath as a Religious Rite among Mohammedans".
725:
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31:
661:
600:
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317:
77:
65:
61:
56:, the Muslim prayer times differ by locations and change from day to day.
43:
2089:
1626:. St. Mark Coptic Orthodox Church. pp. 5, 33, 49, 65, 80, 91, 130.
1166:
A Sketch of Egyptian History from the Earliest Times to the Present Day
985:
665:
522:
146:
69:
1789:"Daily Prayer Books in the History of German and American Lutheranism"
767:
For the day-to-day variation of the prayer times, see, for example, a
1217:
Diocese of South-West America of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
1188:
Diocese of South-West America of the Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church
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tradition, these seven canonical hours are known as the First Hour (
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247:
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requires Jews to pray thrice a day; the morning prayer is known as
139:
118:
97:
52:
A board with precalculated prayer times in a mosque. Stated in the
1686:"Establishing a Daily Rule of Prayer - Holy Cross Orthodox Church"
821:
Samovar, Larry A.; Porter, Richard E.; McDaniel, Edwin R. (2008).
220:
1985:
1451:
Teach Us to Pray: The Lord's Prayer in the Early Church and Today
797:
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Muslims pray five times a day, with their prayers being known as
27:
1982:"Did you know Muslims pray in a similar way to some Christians?"
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prayers three times every day, while laypeople also recite the
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1665:. Coptic Orthodox Diocese of the Southern United States. 2020
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in order to be clean before and present their best to God;
427:
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1126:
Turning Towards the Lord: Orientation in Liturgical Prayer
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2109:
The great stem of souls: reconstructing Mandaean history
1927:
Between Memory and Hope: Readings on the Liturgical Year
1794:. Lutheran Liturgical Prayer Brotherhood. Archived from
1213:""Seven Times a Day I Praise You" – The Shehimo Prayers"
814:
1843:"Praying the Hours of the Day: Recovering Daily Prayer"
505:, respectively, are used to pray the Daily Office; the
2085:"Moving money, getting a good lawyer, and prayer time"
2313:
1249:
1247:
820:
687:
1582:. St. Thomas Malankara Orthodox Church. p. 31
1244:
2335:
2304:Shehimo - Indian Orthodox Christian prayer times
1870:"What Do The Amish Believe? 20 Faith Statements"
1513:. Christ United Reformed Church. 8 December 2010
1821:"The Divine Office—Its History and Development"
1530:
1528:
1412:
1410:
823:Intercultural Communication: A Reader: A Reader
184:, where the "presence of the transcendent God (
2163:
2161:
2134:The Mandaeans: ancient texts and modern people
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1285:
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967:
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775:, Indonesia, for the month of Ramadan in 2012.
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980:. In E. Jamil Ragep; Sally P. Ragep (eds.).
308:) and evening prayer (which became known as
2189:
2158:
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2059:"Wait, I thought that was a Muslim thing?!"
2057:Duffner, Jordan Denari (13 February 2014).
2050:
1999:
1918:
1149:
1119:
1117:
1115:
962:
544:Some traditions have historically placed a
374:; this Christian practice has its roots in
164:According to Jewish tradition, the prophet
2211:A concise encyclopedia of the Baha'i faith
2076:
1787:Mayes, Benjamin T. G. (5 September 2004).
1604:. St. Abanoub Coptic Orthodox Church. 2013
1475:
1197:
1160:
1032:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
940:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
869:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
2319:Islamic prayer times calculator worldwide
2176:
2170:The Canonical Prayerbook of the Mandaeans
1951:
1780:
1616:
1569:
1393:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 42.
1344:
1258:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 29.
1080:
1054:
672:prayers are recited. In the evening, the
541:devotional is used by many Anabaptists.
1979:
1813:
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1503:
1448:
1416:
1388:
1321:
1253:
1112:
916:
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845:
517:, a Methodist religious order, printing
129:
84:. The direction of prayer is called the
47:
2131:
2106:
2056:
2005:
1924:
1884:
1758:
1713:. Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox Cathedral
1324:The Syriac Version of the Old Testament
1040:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 27–32.
982:Tradition, Transmission, Transformation
948:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 26–27.
910:
877:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 82–83.
2336:
2309:Agpeya - Coptic Christian prayer times
2167:
2082:
1867:
1547:
1481:
1086:
1063:
906:. p. 115, 123, 125, 133, 141-142.
198:, it is written that when the prophet
2208:
2136:. New York: Oxford University Press.
2033:"Head Covering Through the Centuries"
1957:
1786:
1482:Bercot, David W. (28 December 2021).
1355:
897:
466:, in the Indian Orthodox tradition.
450:pray an additional hour known as the
176:introduced Maariv. Jews historically
157:, and the evening prayer is known as
2010:. Universal-Publishers. p. 42.
1980:Kosloski, Philip (16 October 2017).
1677:
1389:Bradshaw, Paul F. (1 October 2008).
1358:The Early Church: History and Memory
1123:
1008:
974:"On the role of the muezzin and the
971:
1449:González, Justo L. (30 June 2020).
1270:Peterson quotes a passage from the
172:introduced Mincha, and the prophet
153:, the afternoon prayer is known as
13:
2264:
2111:. Piscataway, N.J: Gorgias Press.
2030:
1768:. Cornell Catholic Community. 2019
1642:Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church
1577:"My Life in Heaven & on Earth"
1210:
1128:. Ignatius Press. pp. 36–37.
574:In Mandaeism, the daily prayer or
168:introduced Shacharit, the prophet
14:
2370:
2297:
2132:Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2002).
2107:Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen (2010).
1868:Wesner, Erik (1 September 2015).
1535:Richards, William Joseph (1908).
1511:"Why an Evening Worship Service?"
1486:. Tyndale House Publishers, Inc.
1356:Lössl, Josef (17 February 2010).
1272:Acts of Hipparchus and Philotheus
848:"Ḳibla: Ritual and Legal Aspects"
825:. Cengage Learning. p. 165.
2199:. Oxford At The Clarendon Press.
2083:Condon, Ed (December 16, 2022).
1966:(1). Standard Sanitary Mfg. Co.
1683:
718:
704:
690:
519:The Book of Offices and Services
228:
219:
100:from the west. In a mosque, the
2235:
2202:
2024:
2006:Russell, Thomas Arthur (2010).
1861:
1835:
1728:
1703:
1655:
1594:
1322:Weitzman, M. P. (7 July 2005).
1315:
1230:
1176:
778:
676:is recited, and before bed the
625:
550:wash their hands, face and feet
414:). In the Coptic Christian and
366:seven times a day while facing
210:
2292:. Apostolic Faith Books. 2022.
2272:Shehimo: Book of Common Prayer
2197:The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran
1360:. A&C Black. p. 135.
1326:. Cambridge University Press.
1184:Shehimo: Book of Common Prayer
1002:
839:
761:
90:Muhammad's migration to Medina
1:
2195:Drower, Ethel Stefana. 1937.
1847:General Board of Discipleship
1011:"Mīḳāt: Astronomical aspects"
807:
618:noontime (the "seventh hour")
475:Eastern Orthodox Christianity
402:(Sapro ), third hour prayer (
2314:Salah - Islamic prayer times
1925:Johnson, Maxwell E. (2016).
1688:. Holy Cross Orthodox Church
978:in medieval Islamic society"
917:Wensinck, Arent Jan (1993).
846:Wensinck, Arent Jan (1986).
604:("Healing of Kings") daily.
563:
324:Oriental Orthodox Christians
138:(evening prayer) while at a
80:(nighttime), facing towards
7:
1753:not a liturgical necessity.
1068:. Kehot Publication Society
898:Heinz, Justin Paul (2008).
683:
499:The Brotherhood Prayer Book
346:denominations (such as the
10:
2375:
2243:"Nitnem: The five prayers"
1455:Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing
1124:Lang, Uwe Michael (2009).
1093:Princeton University Press
652:
629:
607:The three prayer times in
567:
410:), and ninth hour prayer (
259:
125:
41:
1740:"About Fixed-Hour Prayer"
1555:"Why We Pray Facing East"
1428:. pp. 193, 197–200.
1426:Brill Academic Publishers
1066:"The Three Daily Prayers"
632:Obligatory Baháʼí prayers
525:, Mennonites (especially
370:, in anticipation of the
2324:Muslim five time prayers
2182:Lidzbarski, Mark. 1920.
1168:. Methuen. p. 399.
784:In the tradition of the
754:
481:encourages the laity to
292:Christians attended two
180:in the direction of the
37:
1638:"Prayers of the Church"
1602:"Coptic Church Prayers"
1539:. Bemrose. p. 98.
1254:Danielou, Jean (2016).
1064:Mindel, Nissan (2020).
1009:King, David A. (1993).
972:King, David A. (1996).
531:Conservative Mennonites
523:Anabaptist Christianity
348:Mar Thoma Syrian Church
194:of the Temple". In the
2172:. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
2168:Drower, E. S. (1959).
1766:"Liturgy of the Hours"
1087:Peters, F. E. (2005).
919:"Mīḳāt: Legal aspects"
904:University of Missouri
786:Indian Orthodox Church
521:to serve this end. In
434:), the Eleventh Hour (
406:), sixth hour prayer (
372:Second Coming of Jesus
143:
57:
2209:Smith, Peter (2000).
1238:"When Did Jesus Die?"
598:(signing prayer) and
497:, breviaries such as
438:), the Twelfth Hour (
266:From the time of the
133:
51:
2213:. Oxford: Oneworld.
2184:Mandäische Liturgien
1929:. Liturgical Press.
988:. pp. 285–345.
527:Old Order Mennonites
487:Liturgy of the Hours
471:Western Christianity
378:, in which the King
2329:Muslim Prayer Times
1892:"Sign of the Cross"
1823:. Daniel Lula. 2017
1307:Apostolic Tradition
1190:. 2016. p. 5.
712:Christianity portal
515:Order of Saint Luke
513:of Jesus, with the
430:), the Ninth Hour (
426:), the Sixth Hour (
422:), the Third Hour (
416:Ethiopian Christian
344:Oriental Protestant
342:), as well certain
281:Apostolic Tradition
182:Temple in Jerusalem
1801:on 13 October 2004
1418:Beckwith, Roger T.
1305:Hippolytus in the
792:denomination, the
674:Sodar Rahras Sahib
670:Tav Prasad Savaiye
582:is not practiced.
495:Anglican Communion
252:eastward direction
144:
134:Jews stop to pray
58:
20:Fixed prayer times
16:Religious practice
2281:978-0-9972544-0-2
2118:978-1-59333-621-9
2037:Scroll Publishing
2017:978-1-59942-877-2
1960:Modern Sanitation
1936:978-0-8146-6282-3
1742:. Phylllis Tickle
1711:"Personal Prayer"
1684:Hill, Apostolos.
1557:. Orthodox Prayer
1493:978-1-61970-168-7
1464:978-1-4674-5958-7
1435:978-90-04-14603-7
1400:978-1-60608-105-1
1367:978-0-567-16561-9
1333:978-0-521-01746-6
1300:978-1-101-16042-8
1265:978-1-4982-9023-4
1135:978-1-58617-341-8
1102:978-0-691-12373-8
1047:978-90-04-09419-2
955:978-90-04-09419-2
884:978-90-04-07819-2
832:978-0-495-55418-9
790:Oriental Orthodox
734:Buddhist devotion
636:Followers of the
554:shoes are removed
503:Anglican Breviary
491:Lutheran Churches
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2359:Time in religion
2349:Christian prayer
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1902:on 14 April 2020
1898:. Archived from
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586:Mandaean priests
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142:flea-market shop
68:(after midday),
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658:Initiated Sikhs
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539:Tägliches Manna
535:Christenpflicht
479:Catholic Church
444:Midnight office
364:canonical hours
264:
262:Canonical hours
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104:broadcasts the
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2298:External links
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1095:. p. 36.
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106:call to prayer
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2251:. Retrieved
2249:. 2016-05-12
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2066:. Retrieved
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2040:. Retrieved
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2026:
2007:
2001:
1989:. Retrieved
1975:
1967:
1963:
1959:
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1943:
1940:
1926:
1920:
1911:
1904:. Retrieved
1900:the original
1895:
1886:
1874:. Retrieved
1863:
1851:. Retrieved
1849:. 6 May 2007
1837:
1825:. Retrieved
1815:
1803:. Retrieved
1796:the original
1782:
1770:. Retrieved
1760:
1751:
1744:. Retrieved
1730:
1722:
1715:. Retrieved
1705:
1697:
1690:. Retrieved
1679:
1667:. Retrieved
1657:
1645:. Retrieved
1632:
1623:
1618:
1606:. Retrieved
1596:
1584:. Retrieved
1571:
1559:. Retrieved
1549:
1540:
1536:
1515:. Retrieved
1505:
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1220:. Retrieved
1191:
1183:
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1082:
1070:. Retrieved
1037:
1030:
1004:
981:
975:
945:
938:
912:
899:
893:
874:
867:
841:
822:
816:
780:
763:
726:Islam portal
680:is recited.
656:
638:Baháʼí Faith
635:
626:Baháʼí Faith
606:
599:
593:
584:
573:
558:headcovering
543:
538:
534:
518:
468:
463:
456:Church bells
412:Tsha' sho`in
408:Sheth sho`in
404:Tloth sho`in
394:(Soutoro ),
362:to pray the
354:such as the
322:
291:
279:
268:early Church
265:
211:Christianity
196:Hebrew Bible
185:
163:
145:
117:
94:
59:
32:Christianity
19:
18:
1853:6 September
1827:6 September
1746:6 September
1608:5 September
1293:. Penguin.
1036:Volume VII:
1027:Pellat, Ch.
944:Volume VII:
935:Pellat, Ch.
864:Pellat, Ch.
662:Japji Sahib
647:Baháʼu'lláh
601:Asut Malkia
580:prostration
489:and in the
460:Daniel 6:10
442:), and the
368:ad orientem
318:prostration
205:Daniel 6:10
44:Salah times
2338:Categories
2253:2021-12-24
2090:The Pillar
2063:Commonweal
1624:The Agpeya
1162:Mary Cecil
986:E.J. Brill
808:References
666:Jaap Sahib
398:(Lilio ),
298:Lord's Day
286:Hippolytus
248:breviaries
190:) in the
147:Jewish law
114:local time
76:(sunset),
54:local time
2290:The Hours
1906:11 August
1772:29 August
1517:6 October
873:Volume V:
860:Lewis, B.
773:Banyuasin
609:Mandaeism
564:Mandaeism
507:Methodist
501:and the
448:monastics
350:), use a
332:Armenians
326:(such as
314:monastics
302:Eucharist
294:liturgies
187:shekhinah
151:Shacharit
2229:42912735
2152:65198443
2042:28 April
1944:parousia
1738:(2015).
1669:8 August
1586:2 August
1420:(2005).
1289:(1993).
1222:2 August
1164:(1906).
1142:shekinah
1072:8 August
1029:(eds.).
976:muwaqqit
937:(eds.).
875:Khe–Mahi
866:(eds.).
684:See also
511:disciple
440:Compline
396:Nocturns
392:Compline
352:breviary
140:Tel Aviv
119:muwaqqit
98:twilight
64:(dawn),
2068:26 July
1991:25 July
1986:Aleteia
1805:25 July
1647:25 July
1561:25 July
1542:thus...
1038:Mif–Naz
946:Mif–Naz
798:Shehimo
653:Sikhism
642:prayers
595:Rushuma
588:recite
436:Vespers
384:Vespers
360:Shehimo
340:Indians
336:Syriacs
310:Vespers
296:on the
244:Shehimo
166:Abraham
126:Judaism
102:muezzin
74:Maghrib
28:Judaism
2278:
2227:
2217:
2150:
2140:
2115:
2014:
1933:
1876:11 May
1717:11 May
1692:11 May
1490:
1461:
1432:
1397:
1375:oriens
1364:
1330:
1297:
1262:
1256:Origen
1132:
1099:
1044:
1025:&
992:
952:
933:&
881:
862:&
829:
739:Cetiya
668:, and
576:brakha
570:Brakha
400:Matins
388:Ramsho
356:Agpeya
240:Agpeya
200:Daniel
178:prayed
159:Maariv
155:Mincha
136:Maariv
30:, and
2354:Salah
1913:East.
1799:(PDF)
1792:(PDF)
1580:(PDF)
1171:East.
1013:. In
921:. In
850:. In
794:Qauma
788:, an
755:Notes
611:are:
590:rahma
546:cross
464:Qauma
452:Vigil
424:Terce
420:Prime
380:David
328:Copts
306:Lauds
278:. In
174:Jacob
170:Isaac
86:qibla
82:Mecca
66:Dhuhr
38:Islam
24:Islam
2276:ISBN
2225:OCLC
2215:ISBN
2148:OCLC
2138:ISBN
2113:ISBN
2070:2020
2044:2016
2012:ISBN
1993:2020
1931:ISBN
1908:2020
1878:2024
1855:2020
1829:2020
1807:2020
1774:2020
1748:2020
1719:2024
1694:2024
1671:2020
1649:2020
1610:2020
1588:2020
1563:2020
1519:2020
1488:ISBN
1459:ISBN
1430:ISBN
1395:ISBN
1362:ISBN
1328:ISBN
1295:ISBN
1260:ISBN
1224:2020
1130:ISBN
1097:ISBN
1074:2020
1042:ISBN
990:ISBN
950:ISBN
879:ISBN
827:ISBN
771:for
529:and
493:and
485:the
483:pray
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