36:
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GRAPO's last attack was in 2006. After having been fairly active in the late 1970s and early 1980s, a dwindling number of its militants along with police actions allowed
Spanish officials to claim a number of times to have disbanded the GRAPO after the remaining militants were captured. According to
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In 1984, the
Spanish authorities issued an anti-terrorist law inspired by the Italian model which facilitated police operations against GRAPO, and many arrests followed. GRAPO reacted by simplifying its structure while "waiting for better times". It continued its clandestine activities at a lower
541:, de 2 de abril de 2004, por la que se actualiza la PosiciĂłn ComĂşn 2001/931/PESC sobre la aplicaciĂłn de medidas especĂficas de lucha contra el terrorismo y se deroga la PosiciĂłn ComĂşn 2003/906/PESC.- Diario Oficial n° L 099 de 03/04/2004 p. 0061 - 0064.
250:
This newly born movement was named after the killing of four
Spanish policemen on 1 October 1975, the first violent action of the PCE(r). The "Antifascist Resistance Groups October First" (GRAPO) took this date as a starting point as a
247:(PCE-r) began a struggle against the political reforms. The PCE(r) restructured itself into different commissions; one of these was a "front against fascism", founded by Juan Carlos Delgado de Codex, which became the GRAPO.
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on 26 May 1979, which killed nine people. However, the group's level of support waned during the 1980s. The transitional democratic regime was not destabilized as the group had promised.
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were detonated in different locations in Spain on 18 July 1976, and GRAPO claimed responsibility for the coordinated explosions in the press, becoming well-known overnight.
397:. He was soon released from jail, but the charges were not dropped. Ten years later on 16 February 2021, Hasel was arrested and imprisoned again on similar charges by the
731:
408:
groups staging mass demonstrations across the country demanding the release of Hasel and all political prisoners, including members of PCE(r) and GRAPO.
206:
the
Spanish police, GRAPO was disbanded after six of its militants were arrested in June 2007 but formally, the group has not announced its dissolution.
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committed to raise funds for the organization. The group has also committed a number of kidnappings, initially for political reasons and later on for
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in 1976 and
General Villaescusa in 1977 as well as the killing of more Spanish policemen, GRAPO became established as an
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41:
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316:
Police work caused serious blows to GRAPO's structure. Currently the group is inactive yet not formally self-dissolved.
375:
813:
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235:(OMLE), which dissolved itself in its first congress in 1975. At the beginning of 1976, two months after General
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level by means of mobile militants, which easily formed and easily split up, becoming difficult to detect.
87:
324:
Since its inception in 1975 until its last-known activity in 2006, it killed 84 people, including police,
818:
466:"Desarticulado el Ăşltimo 'comando' operativo de los GRAPO con la detenciĂłn de seis personas en Barcelona"
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340:. Its last attack was in 2006, when GRAPO shot dead Ana Isabel Herrero, the owner of a temporary
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267:, the PCE(r) told its sympathizers to take up arms and create the nucleus of a future Spanish "
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was arrested for condoning terrorism after he saluted one of GRAPO's imprisoned members in a
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8:
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445:"La Guardia Civil desarticula en Cataluña el último comando operativo de los GRAPO"
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104:
538:
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703:"One-year prison sentence for 21-year-old Twitter user who glorified terrorists"
636:"Libertad Digital: El Ăşltimo grupo de los GRAPO tenĂa previsto volver a atentar"
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210:
151:
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732:"In a First for Spain, a Woman Is Convicted of Inciting Terror over Twitter"
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via bombings and shootings. A number of its militants were killed during
568:"Los GRAPO, terroristas germinados en los años 60 - españa - elmundo.es"
279:
707:
415:
user was convicted of glorifying terrorism for tweets praising GRAPO.
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PRES.O.S. — organization for support prisoners of the PCE(r) - GRAPO
35:
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with terrorist intent. Spain issued a request for his immediate
255:. Only five months later, after five workers were killed by the
337:
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GRAPO increased its activity from 1979 onwards, including the
663:"Spanish swimmer Sebastian Rodriguez triumphs over dark past"
80:
753:
271:" which would be directed by a central command. A number of
177:
Grupos de
Resistencia Antifascista Primero de Octubre, GRAPO
401:
199:
590:"La ley antiterrorista, un estado de excepciĂłn encubierto"
159:
789:
Defunct organizations designated as terrorist in Europe
677:"Rapper Pablo Hasel arrested for apology of terrorism"
16:
Clandestine, Marxist-Leninist
Spanish republican group
26:
351:In 2000, GRAPO's leader Manuel PĂ©rez 'Arenas' was
615:"Dudley Knox Library - Naval Postgraduate School"
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760:
169:First of October Anti-Fascist Resistance Groups
40:Flag of the PCE(r) and the GRAPO, based on the
22:First of October Anti-Fascist Resistance Groups
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198:, and strongly opposed Spain's membership in
72:The creation of a Socialist republic in Spain
550:
548:
442:
516:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
363:. To date GRAPO has not named a successor.
233:Organisation of Marxist–Leninists of Spain
545:
493:"ÂżPero los Grapo no habĂan desaparecido?"
292:Revolutionary Antifascist Patriotic Front
532:PosiciĂłn ComĂşn 2004/309/PESC del Consejo
245:Communist Party of Spain (Reconstituted)
158:
63:Communist Party of Spain (Reconstituted)
761:
729:
660:
490:
730:Minder, Raphael (22 February 2014).
661:Gabino, Rosario (8 September 2012).
183:group aiming for the formation of a
809:Military wings of communist parties
588:Ediciones El PaĂs (21 April 1985).
13:
804:Left-wing militant groups in Spain
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14:
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784:Defunct communist militant groups
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284:Antonio MarĂa de Oriol y Urquijo
34:
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497:20minutos.es - Ăšltimas Noticias
241:Spanish transition to democracy
146:Designated as a terrorist group
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290:group, in a similar manner as
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824:Maoist organizations in Spain
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231:GRAPO has its origins in the
769:1975 establishments in Spain
556:El FRAP y el GRAPO en España
432:El Anti-Americanismo Español
179:) was a Spanish clandestine
7:
404:-UP government, leading to
320:Summary of GRAPO's activity
10:
840:
794:Far-left politics in Spain
554:Junta de Castilla y Leon.
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386:In October 2011, Spanish
209:GRAPO is included in the
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378:was a member of GRAPO .
328:personnel, judges, and
278:After the high-profile
243:from dictatorship, the
227:Opposition to Francoism
215:terrorist organisations
131:May 1979 Madrid bombing
814:Republicanism in Spain
355:in a French court for
282:of wealthy politician
253:terrorist organization
176:
164:
239:'s death, during the
162:
42:Spanish Republic flag
430:Alessandro Seregni,
411:In February 2014, a
779:Communist terrorism
642:on 26 December 2011
376:Sebastián RodrĂguez
357:criminal conspiracy
294:(FRAP) had been in
77:Active regions
819:Terrorism in Spain
737:The New York Times
537:2006-02-13 at the
443:Mundinteractivos.
185:Spanish Republican
165:
50:Dates of operation
711:. 4 February 2014
681:Firat News Agency
303:bombing of a café
273:explosive devices
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683:. 5 October 2011
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237:Francisco Franco
196:anti-imperialist
181:Marxist–Leninist
117:Anti-imperialism
105:Anti-revisionism
97:Marxism–Leninism
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24:
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399:social democrat
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367:Notable members
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296:Francoist Spain
288:urban guerrilla
265:Vitoria-Gasteiz
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192:anti-capitalist
163:GRAPO main logo
127:Notable attacks
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190:The group was
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472:. 6 June 2007
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713:. Retrieved
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665:. BBC Sport.
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640:the original
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121:Anti-fascism
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646:11 February
620:26 November
599:11 February
573:11 February
502:11 February
491:20Minutos.
476:26 November
450:11 February
395:music video
391:Pablo Hasel
373:Paralympian
361:extradition
342:work agency
213:'s list of
763:Categories
715:4 February
419:References
382:Supporters
280:kidnapping
225:See also:
59:Allegiance
353:sentenced
330:civilians
109:Socialism
93:Communism
54:1976–2007
535:Archived
512:cite web
371:Spanish
346:Zaragoza
326:military
269:Red Army
140:Inactive
88:Ideology
708:El PaĂs
594:EL PAĂŤS
470:El PaĂs
413:Twitter
259:during
221:History
187:state.
173:Spanish
69:Motives
28:(GRAPO)
687:2 July
338:ransom
307:Madrid
137:Status
101:Maoism
81:Spain
717:2014
689:2018
648:2015
622:2016
601:2015
575:2015
518:link
504:2015
478:2016
452:2015
402:PSOE
200:NATO
167:The
344:in
305:in
263:in
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171:(
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