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Finnish sauna

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additional settings for sauna lighting, ventilation and steam generating devices. An apartment buildings' sauna is typically offered a few times a week to occupants with dedicated hours for communal men's and women's sauna, and special hours for those who have requested apartment specific hours. People might prefer the more atmospheric wood stove sauna over an electric sauna, but for those living in urban apartment blocks that is rarely an option, and electric stoves are easier to use, more fire-safe, and do not produce wood litter. Optimal bathing conditions in electric saunas can be however reached with an aid of correctly positioned ventilation.
773: 282: 657:(smoke sauna) does not have a chimney and thus as wood is burned smoke fills the room. After the sauna reaches the appropriate temperature, the fire is extinguished and the room is ventilated. Given the construction of the room, the sauna retains sufficient heat for the duration of use. Although smoke saunas are considered a more traditional type, there has been a significant increase in construction in recent years. However, due to the amount of effort and time required to operate them – heating can take most of a day – they are not likely to replace most regular saunas. 486: 785: 2495: 573: 290: 589: 4557: 629: 4567: 4593: 1583: 724: 73: 696: 4605: 164: 687:. A wood pellet burner, quite similar to an oil burner, is then used to heat a smoke sauna stove - practically a big pile of rocks. As the burning process is much cleaner than with a conventional smoke stove the smoke aroma is much less pungent and sooty, while the moisture produced by burning the pellets makes the air more pleasant than with continuously warmed stoves. 273:
sterile environment. Unlike many other, more densely populated places in Europe, the availability of wood needed to build and warm the sauna has never been an issue. Another reason for its popularity is that in such a cold climate, the sauna allows people warmth for at least a short period of time. However, it is just as popular in the summer as in the winter.
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As Finnish women seek to break into areas of life long reserved for men, there have been mutterings about a "sauna barrier," which the women believe is preventing them from realizing their full potential. Since most Finns would never dream of sharing their sauna with a member of the opposite sex, the
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One reason the sauna culture has always flourished in Finland has been because of the versatility of the sauna. When people were moving, the first thing they did was to build a sauna. Finns have used the sauna to live in, eat, address matters of hygiene, and, most importantly, give birth in an almost
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in the sauna is a very normal state of affairs among Finns without any connection with sexual intercourse. In Finland, a "sauna" means only a sauna, not a brothel, sex club, or such. In public saunas, swimsuits are banned from the hot room for health reasons: in many indoor swimming pools, chlorine
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For someone brought up in Finland, the rules are instinctive but they are difficult to put into words. Depending on the size, composition, relationships, and the age structure of the group three basic patterns can emerge: Everyone can go to the sauna at the same time, men and women may take a sauna
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in Western Finland) to gently beat oneself. This supposedly has a relaxing effect on the muscles and also helps to soothe the irritation from mosquito bites. When the heat begins to feel uncomfortable it is customary to jump into a lake, sea, or a swimming pool, or to have a shower. In the winter,
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Once warmed stoves have larger amount of stones that are warmed up before the bathing. This can be done by burning wood, with or without a chimney, oil, wood pellets, or natural gas. Continuously warmed stoves have lower amount of stones that are heated during the bathing. The warming can be done
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In private homes or summer residences, the sauna is usually warmed to honor the guest and refusal may be more difficult. However, Finns will not typically be very offended if their guest declines. This is particularly common if going to sauna would require a lot of effort from the guest (such as
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After cooling down from the first bath, one goes back into the hot room and begins the cycle again. The number and duration of hot room-cooling down cycles varies from person to person based on personal preference. Usually one takes at least two or three cycles, lasting between 30 minutes to two
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thrown onto them; either as an open, air circulating set-up or as a closed and insulated heat-storing one. Electric saunas often allow the property manager to control the sauna independently from occupants and can limit the sauna's electricity use. The controls can be wireless and can offer
709:) is heated with birch wood fire, and this heats the sauna room to the required temperature. If birch wood is not available any other wood will do, but well dried birch wood is preferred because of its good quality and smell, and long lasting burn. The important thing is to have a good 547:, a disposable tissue designed to endure heat and humidity (it can be mandatory in a public sauna, such as at a public swimming pool). While cooling off it is common to wrap a towel around the body. For a typical Finn the sauna is, with few exceptions, a strictly non-sexual place; 532:
separately, or each family can go to sauna separately. Mixed saunas with non-family members are most common with younger adults, and are quite rare for older people or on more formal occasions. It is common for teenagers to stop going to sauna with their parents at some point.
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The sauna in Finland is an old phenomenon and its roots are difficult to trace, but its earliest versions are believed to be from 7000 BC. Bath houses were recorded in Europe during the same time period, but Finnish bathing habits were poorly documented for most of history.
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Scouts and various other youth organizations often have portable tent saunas. Saunas have been built into cars, buses, car trailers, tractor trailers or even bicycles and boats. In Finland, there are companies that rent mobile saunas, and an annual mobile sauna event in
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re-applying complex make-up afterwards), socially inconvenient (feeling uncomfortable about nudity and/or a mixed-sex sauna), or otherwise inconvenient (should the guest not have a change of clothes or if the sauna would take place late at night, et cetera).
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hours. In Finland's numerous summer cottages bathing might go on well into the night. This is especially true in the summer when there's virtually no darkness at night. The sauna session itself is finished off with a thorough wash.
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Finnish culture revolves around the sauna. Historically, saunas were where Finns brewed their beer, washed their laundry and cured their hams; where babies were born, the sick were healed and the dead were prepared for
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commits, together with Finnish sauna communities and promoters of the sauna culture, to safeguard the vitality of the sauna tradition and to highlight its importance as part of customs and wellbeing. In the case of
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Taking a sauna begins with having a wash (usually a shower), followed by a sit in the sauna room, the room being typically warmed to 80–110 °C (176–230 °F). Water is thrown on the hot stones topping the
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The main division of saunas is between once warmed and continuously warmed stoves. All smoke saunas are once warmed, but there are also other type of ovens that are once warmed.
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is added to the water for hygiene reasons; if swimwear used in such water is brought to the hot room, the chlorine will vaporize and cause breathing problems for people with
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Saunas are an integral part of the way of life in Finland. They are found on the shores of Finland's numerous lakes, in private apartments, corporate headquarters, at the
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Finnish sauna bathers sometimes whip each other with water-soaked whisks of birch branches to stir up skin circulation and perfume the air with woodsy fragrance.
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Steamy, spiritual and stress-busting, there are more than 3m saunas in Finland. Not only are they skin tingling, they help people explore what it is to be human
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Many different types of sauna can be found in Finland and Estonia. They can be classified either by the sauna building itself or by what kind of stove it uses.
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to build saunas, warm them and bathe in them. Saunas, even in the military, are strictly egalitarian places: no titles or hierarchies are used in the sauna.
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The temperature in Finnish saunas is 80 to 110 °C (176 to 230 °F), usually 80–90 °C (176–194 °F), and is kept clearly above the
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The wood stove sauna is more common in rural areas, whereas the electric sauna is more common in urban areas. The metal stove with stones on top (
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The sauna tradition is so strong that whenever Finns go abroad, they relish the chance to have a good sauna: even the Finnish Church in
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the popularity of saunas expanded to other countries because the European bath houses were being destroyed.
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One specific and rarely seen curiosity is use of a wood pellet burner to heat a smoke sauna stove (
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only solution is to take decision-making out of the sauna and put it back in the conference room.
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to wear clothing in the hot room, although it is acceptable to sit on a small towel or
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UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists smoke sauna tradition since 2014.
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was created from a revision of this article dated 8 February 2006
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In city apartments, and in most public saunas, an electric sauna stove (
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An authentic Finnish old-fashioned stove with a water heating boiler
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water, so that visible condensation of steam does not occur as in a
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Sausages and beer are traditional refreshments after having a sauna.
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rolling in the snow or even swimming in a hole cut in lake ice, an
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Smoke saunas are still extant not only in Finland but also in
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is used for this particular type of steam; the Finnish word
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Brotherhood of the Holy Spirit of the Congos of Villa Mella
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stones piled over or around the heating element to allow
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and even at the depth of 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) in
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Barettiyhdistyksiltä Eritrean Sacristin kirjat (Finnish)
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for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage
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For other sauna variants from around the world, see
1215:"Sauna Baths Are Becoming Popular In United States" 843: 603:burning wood, oil or natural gas, or electrically. 1450:"Temperature and ventilation of the Finnish sauna" 883: 881: 493:Occasionally one uses a bunch of leafy, fragrant 4617: 1616:The Finnish Sauna - facts by Finland Travel Club 1631:How to Build A Sauna Room And How Much the Cost 1187: 878: 477: 1277: 1275: 1156: 1154: 920: 918: 916: 415: 248: 3943: 2342: 1651: 1078:"Go Jump in a Lake: The Finnish Sauna Ritual" 744: 738: 732: 710: 704: 682: 676: 652: 633: 611: 577: 540: 513: 506: 498: 406: 393: 387: 381: 371: 365: 319: 300: 294: 84: 78: 972:(in Finnish). Museovirasto. 17 December 2020 813: 811: 809: 807: 1409:"Puusauna vs. sähkösauna: Kumman valitset?" 1272: 1151: 1071: 1069: 913: 3950: 3936: 3332:Council of Wise Men of the plain of Murcia 2349: 2335: 1658: 1644: 778:Inside a mobile sauna built into a trailer 71: 1281: 1212: 1163:"Good Clean Fun: Finland's Steamy Saunas" 1106:Finnish Sauna Culture - Not Just a Cliché 804: 208:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists 1599:, and does not reflect subsequent edits. 1582: 1244:"Quick guide to Finnish sauna etiquette" 1213:Radcliffe, Robert C. (14 October 1973). 1126:, 4/1998, Helsinki University, Helsinki. 1066: 890:"Helsinki's Best Public Saunas: A Guide" 722: 694: 627: 587: 571: 484: 312: 288: 280: 3336:Water Tribunal of the plain of Valencia 1075: 855:"Sweating to Break the 'Sauna Barrier'" 210:at the 17 December 2020 meeting of the 4618: 1334:. Suomen Saunaseura ry. Archived from 924: 3931: 2330: 1639: 887: 852: 817: 182: 3978:Prehistory of nakedness and clothing 1665: 1268:. secretsaunas.com. 2 December 2023. 1160: 962: 895:T: The New York Times Style Magazine 3391:La Mare de Déu de la Salut Festival 2358:UNESCO Oral and Intangible Heritage 1285:The Secrets of Finnish Sauna Design 925:Bryant, Miranda (6 December 2023). 888:Price, Gemma Z. (26 October 2017). 790:A mobile sauna built into a trailer 690: 63:UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage 13: 3283:Baltic song and dance celebrations 1569: 1266:"Development of the Finnish sauna" 1221:. National Geographic News Service 376:, increasing the moisture and the 221:. As authorized by the state, the 14: 4657: 1550: 1288:. Culicidae Architectural Press. 1192:(in Finnish). 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Suomen Saunaseura ry 1219:The Brownsville Herald 745: 739: 733: 728: 711: 705: 700: 683: 677: 653: 648: 612: 593: 585: 541: 514: 507: 499: 490: 478: 416: 407: 394: 388: 382: 372: 366: 326: 320: 310: 301: 295: 286: 285:Sauna ladle and bucket 249: 192: 180:Finnish pronunciation: 79: 54:sávdnjekultuvra Suomas 53: 45: 37: 4482:Nudity in advertising 4477:Nudity in print media 4277:Nude swimming classes 3760:Costa Rican oxherding 3644:The Song of the Sibyl 3547:Mystery Play of Elche 3362:Daredevils of Sassoun 2747:Durga Puja in Kolkata 2702:Chinese paper cutting 2462:Vimbuza healing dance 1576: 1362:Finnish Sauna Society 726: 698: 631: 591: 575: 535:In the sauna it is a 488: 316: 292: 284: 46:bastukultur i Finland 4545:Softcore pornography 4422:Depictions of nudity 4186:Wardrobe malfunction 4086:Nudity and sexuality 3649:Suiti Cultural Space 3250:Ashiqs of Azerbaijan 3139:Songkran in Thailand 3044:Oku-noto no Aenokoto 2737:Dragon Boat Festival 2687:Chinese architecture 2562:Taghribat Bani Hilal 2269:World Heritage Sites 1608:More spoken articles 1413:Sauna maailmalla.com 727:Electric sauna stove 398:can be found in the 378:apparent temperature 4492:Glamour photography 4440:Nude modeling (art) 4397:Henry S. Huntington 3439:Karagöz and Hacivat 3346:Croatian lacemaking 2942:Manipuri Sankirtana 2697:Chinese calligraphy 2417:Kamablon re-roofing 1510:on 19 December 2011 1083:The Washington Post 860:The Washington Post 445:--for example, the 147:2020 (15th session) 139:Inscription history 4626:Culture of Finland 4540:Nude psychotherapy 4497:Erotic photography 4412:Richard Ungewitter 4407:Elton Raymond Shaw 4244:Anarchist naturism 4234:Naturist magazines 4214:Christian naturism 4066:Nudity and protest 4005:Nudity in religion 3531:Mediterranean diet 3312:Carnival of Binche 3267:Azerbaijani carpet 2947:Mangal Shobhajatra 2752:Epic of King Gesar 2605:Akiu no Taue Odori 2547:Palestinian hikaye 2062:Telecommunications 1702:Great Northern War 1578: 1338:on 31 October 2009 1020:. 17 December 2020 729: 701: 649: 594: 586: 491: 327: 311: 287: 4579: 4578: 4176:Indecent exposure 4124:Feminist stripper 3925: 3924: 3921: 3920: 3810:Kallawaya culture 3740:Carnaval de Oruro 3697: 3696: 3613:Semeiskie culture 3262:Aubusson tapestry 3227: 3226: 2962:Mibu no Hana Taue 2822:Hitachi Furyumono 2727:Dainichido Bugaku 2575: 2574: 2489: 2488: 2437:Mbende Jerusarema 2324: 2323: 2277: 2276: 2080: 2079: 1988: 1987: 1970:Political parties 1923:Foreign relations 1890: 1889: 1621:The Finnish Sauna 1574: 1054:. Merriam-Webster 821:(25 March 2019). 632:A smoke sauna in 245:Estonian language 215:Intergovernmental 184:[ˈsɑu̯nɑ] 172: 171: 16:Type of bathhouse 4653: 4608: 4607: 4606: 4596: 4595: 4594: 4587: 4569: 4559: 4558: 4530:Nudity in combat 4487:Nude photography 4219:Freikörperkultur 3990:Childhood nudity 3952: 3945: 3938: 3929: 3928: 3888:Taquile textiles 3785:Garifuna culture 3775:Danza de tijeras 3708: 3707: 3633:Slovácko Verbuňk 3508:Makishi Festival 3424:Houtem Jaarmarkt 3302:Cante Alentejano 3238: 3237: 2932:Longquan celadon 2817:Hayachine Kagura 2742:Drametse Ngacham 2584: 2583: 2580:Asia and Pacific 2507: 2506: 2497: 2412:Ijele Masquerade 2387:Garifuna culture 2370: 2369: 2351: 2344: 2337: 2328: 2327: 2304: 2297: 2290: 2252:Independence Day 2242:National symbols 2091: 2090: 1999: 1998: 1901: 1900: 1793:Cities and towns 1786: 1785: 1771:Military history 1749:Continuation War 1660: 1653: 1646: 1637: 1636: 1598: 1596: 1585: 1584: 1575: 1565: 1563: 1558: 1545: 1544: 1542: 1540: 1526: 1520: 1519: 1517: 1515: 1506:. Archived from 1500: 1494: 1493: 1491: 1489: 1475: 1469: 1468: 1466: 1464: 1454: 1445: 1439: 1438: 1432: 1424: 1422: 1420: 1405: 1399: 1398: 1396: 1394: 1383:"Sauna controls" 1379: 1373: 1372: 1370: 1368: 1354: 1348: 1347: 1345: 1343: 1328: 1322: 1321: 1319: 1317: 1306: 1300: 1299: 1279: 1270: 1269: 1262: 1256: 1255: 1253: 1251: 1240: 1234: 1233: 1228: 1226: 1210: 1204: 1203: 1185: 1179: 1178: 1176: 1174: 1158: 1149: 1133: 1127: 1116: 1110: 1101: 1095: 1094: 1092: 1090: 1073: 1064: 1063: 1061: 1059: 1048: 1042: 1036: 1030: 1029: 1027: 1025: 1010: 1004: 1003: 1001: 999: 988: 982: 981: 979: 977: 966: 960: 953: 947: 946: 941: 939: 922: 911: 910: 904: 902: 885: 876: 875: 869: 867: 850: 841: 840: 838: 836: 827: 815: 787: 775: 748: 742: 736: 714: 708: 691:Wood stove sauna 686: 680: 656: 643: 642: 615: 592:Wood sauna stove 583: 582: 546: 519: 510: 504: 481: 443:Uralic languages 419: 410: 400:Finnic languages 397: 391: 385: 375: 369: 354:Second World War 331:Parliament House 323: 304: 298: 252: 201:Estonian culture 186: 181: 166: 114:Social practices 90: 89: 82: 75: 28: 27: 4661: 4660: 4656: 4655: 4654: 4652: 4651: 4650: 4641:Nude recreation 4616: 4615: 4614: 4604: 4602: 4592: 4590: 4582: 4580: 4575: 4549: 4503: 4416: 4363: 4308: 4259:Nude recreation 4253: 4209:Naturist resort 4195: 4145: 4080: 3995:Sex segregation 3961: 3956: 3926: 3917: 3823:Maroon Heritage 3815:Mexican cuisine 3750:Círio de Nazaré 3703: 3693: 3419:Horezu ceramics 3327:Christmas Tsars 3279:Azerbaijani tar 3233: 3223: 3174:Vedic chantings 2837:Indonesian kris 2662:Cantonese opera 2652:Boysun District 2571: 2567:Tan-Tan Moussem 2498: 2485: 2392:Afounkaha Gbofe 2361: 2355: 2325: 2320: 2307: 2300: 2293: 2286: 2273: 2247:Public holidays 2159: 2076: 1984: 1948:Law enforcement 1886: 1775: 1707:The Great Wrath 1673: 1664: 1612: 1611: 1600: 1594: 1592: 1589:This audio file 1586: 1579: 1570: 1567: 1561: 1560: 1556: 1553: 1548: 1538: 1536: 1528: 1527: 1523: 1513: 1511: 1502: 1501: 1497: 1487: 1485: 1477: 1476: 1472: 1462: 1460: 1452: 1448: 1446: 1442: 1426: 1425: 1418: 1416: 1407: 1406: 1402: 1392: 1390: 1381: 1380: 1376: 1366: 1364: 1356: 1355: 1351: 1341: 1339: 1330: 1329: 1325: 1315: 1313: 1308: 1307: 1303: 1296: 1280: 1273: 1264: 1263: 1259: 1249: 1247: 1242: 1241: 1237: 1224: 1222: 1211: 1207: 1200: 1186: 1182: 1172: 1170: 1167:Chicago Tribune 1159: 1152: 1145:Wayback Machine 1134: 1130: 1117: 1113: 1103:Valtakari, P.: 1102: 1098: 1088: 1086: 1074: 1067: 1057: 1055: 1050: 1049: 1045: 1041:ERR, 27.11.2014 1037: 1033: 1023: 1021: 1012: 1011: 1007: 997: 995: 990: 989: 985: 975: 973: 968: 967: 963: 954: 950: 937: 935: 923: 914: 900: 898: 886: 879: 865: 863: 851: 844: 834: 832: 825: 816: 805: 801: 796: 795: 794: 791: 788: 779: 776: 756: 721: 693: 626: 570: 279: 259: 243:origin. In the 179: 167: 96: 95: 77:A smoke sauna ( 66: 48: 40: 32: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4659: 4649: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4613: 4612: 4600: 4577: 4576: 4554: 4551: 4550: 4548: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4511: 4509: 4505: 4504: 4502: 4501: 4500: 4499: 4494: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4462:Nudity in film 4459: 4454: 4453: 4452: 4447: 4442: 4437: 4426: 4424: 4418: 4417: 4415: 4414: 4409: 4404: 4402:Heinrich Pudor 4399: 4394: 4389: 4384: 4379: 4373: 4371: 4365: 4364: 4362: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4350: 4349: 4344: 4334: 4329: 4324: 4318: 4316: 4310: 4309: 4307: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4281: 4280: 4279: 4269: 4263: 4261: 4255: 4254: 4252: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4205: 4203: 4197: 4196: 4194: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4172: 4171: 4166: 4155: 4153: 4147: 4146: 4144: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4127: 4126: 4121: 4116: 4111: 4106: 4096: 4090: 4088: 4082: 4081: 4079: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4062: 4061: 4056: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4035: 4034: 4024: 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3375: 3370: 3365: 3358: 3353: 3348: 3343: 3338: 3329: 3324: 3319: 3314: 3309: 3307:Cantu a tenore 3304: 3299: 3294: 3289: 3284: 3281: 3276: 3275: 3274: 3264: 3259: 3258: 3257: 3247: 3241: 3235: 3229: 3228: 3225: 3224: 3222: 3221: 3216: 3211: 3206: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3186: 3184:Xi'an ensemble 3181: 3176: 3171: 3166: 3161: 3156: 3151: 3146: 3141: 3136: 3131: 3129:Sekishu-Banshi 3126: 3121: 3116: 3111: 3106: 3101: 3096: 3091: 3086: 3081: 3076: 3071: 3066: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3035: 3034: 3029: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2992:Namsadang Nori 2989: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2934: 2929: 2924: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2899: 2894: 2889: 2884: 2879: 2874: 2869: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2844: 2839: 2834: 2829: 2824: 2819: 2814: 2809: 2804: 2799: 2794: 2789: 2784: 2782:Gióng Festival 2779: 2774: 2769: 2767:Ganggangsullae 2764: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2744: 2739: 2734: 2729: 2724: 2719: 2714: 2709: 2704: 2699: 2694: 2689: 2684: 2679: 2674: 2669: 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2002: 1996: 1990: 1989: 1986: 1985: 1983: 1982: 1980:Prime Minister 1977: 1972: 1967: 1962: 1961: 1960: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1904: 1898: 1892: 1891: 1888: 1887: 1885: 1884: 1879: 1878: 1877: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1847: 1842: 1841: 1840: 1830: 1825: 1823:National parks 1820: 1818:Municipalities 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1798:Extreme points 1795: 1789: 1783: 1777: 1776: 1774: 1773: 1768: 1763: 1761:Finlandization 1758: 1757: 1756: 1751: 1746: 1736: 1731: 1726: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1710: 1709: 1699: 1694: 1689: 1683: 1681: 1675: 1674: 1663: 1662: 1655: 1648: 1640: 1634: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1601: 1587: 1580: 1568: 1555: 1554: 1552: 1551:External links 1549: 1547: 1546: 1534:Sauna-ajot.com 1521: 1495: 1470: 1455:(in Finnish). 1440: 1400: 1374: 1358:"Sauna heater" 1349: 1323: 1301: 1295:978-1683150268 1294: 1271: 1257: 1235: 1205: 1198: 1180: 1150: 1128: 1118:Korhonen, N.: 1111: 1096: 1065: 1043: 1031: 1005: 983: 961: 948: 912: 877: 842: 802: 800: 797: 793: 792: 789: 782: 780: 777: 770: 767: 766: 765: 755: 752: 720: 719:Electric sauna 717: 692: 689: 625: 622: 569: 566: 466:('life'), the 335:Pyhäsalmi Mine 278: 275: 258: 255: 170: 169: 159: 158: 157:Representative 155: 149: 148: 145: 141: 140: 136: 135: 130: 126: 125: 120: 116: 115: 112: 108: 107: 102: 98: 97: 76: 68: 67: 60: 57: 56: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4658: 4647: 4646:Hot-air baths 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4623: 4621: 4611: 4601: 4599: 4589: 4588: 4585: 4574: 4573: 4568: 4564: 4563: 4552: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4535:Nudity clause 4533: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4520:Nude calendar 4518: 4516: 4513: 4512: 4510: 4506: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4489: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4457:Body painting 4455: 4451: 4448: 4446: 4443: 4441: 4438: 4436: 4433: 4432: 4431: 4428: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4419: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4403: 4400: 4398: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4385: 4383: 4382:Lee Baxandall 4380: 4378: 4375: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4366: 4360: 4359:South America 4357: 4355: 4352: 4348: 4345: 4343: 4342:San Francisco 4340: 4339: 4338: 4337:North America 4335: 4333: 4330: 4328: 4325: 4323: 4320: 4319: 4317: 4315: 4311: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4278: 4275: 4274: 4273: 4272:Nude swimming 4270: 4268: 4265: 4264: 4262: 4260: 4256: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4198: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4182: 4179: 4177: 4174: 4170: 4169:Pornification 4167: 4165: 4162: 4161: 4160: 4159:Sexualization 4157: 4156: 4154: 4152: 4148: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4125: 4122: 4120: 4117: 4115: 4112: 4110: 4107: 4105: 4102: 4101: 4100: 4099:Exhibitionism 4097: 4095: 4094:Intimate part 4092: 4091: 4089: 4087: 4083: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4060: 4059:United States 4057: 4055: 4052: 4051: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4033: 4032:Finnish sauna 4030: 4029: 4028: 4025: 4023: 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2785: 2783: 2780: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2770: 2768: 2765: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2745: 2743: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2733: 2732:Darangen Epic 2730: 2728: 2725: 2723: 2720: 2718: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2708: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2698: 2695: 2693: 2690: 2688: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2678: 2675: 2673: 2670: 2668: 2665: 2663: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2653: 2650: 2648: 2645: 2643: 2642:Beijing opera 2640: 2638: 2635: 2633: 2630: 2628: 2627:Bakhshi music 2625: 2622: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2598: 2596: 2592: 2589: 2588: 2585: 2582: 2578: 2568: 2565: 2563: 2560: 2558: 2555: 2553: 2550: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2542:Jemaa el-Fnaa 2540: 2538: 2535: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2511: 2508: 2505: 2501: 2496: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2448: 2445: 2443: 2440: 2438: 2435: 2433: 2430: 2428: 2425: 2423: 2420: 2418: 2415: 2413: 2410: 2408: 2405: 2403: 2400: 2398: 2395: 2393: 2390: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2382:Chopi timbila 2380: 2378: 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1911: 1909: 1906: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1897: 1893: 1883: 1880: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1852: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1839: 1836: 1835: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1790: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1778: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1755: 1752: 1750: 1747: 1745: 1742: 1741: 1740: 1737: 1735: 1732: 1730: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1720: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1708: 1705: 1704: 1703: 1700: 1698: 1695: 1693: 1690: 1688: 1685: 1684: 1682: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1661: 1656: 1654: 1649: 1647: 1642: 1641: 1638: 1632: 1629: 1627: 1624: 1622: 1619: 1617: 1614: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1590: 1535: 1531: 1525: 1509: 1505: 1499: 1484: 1480: 1474: 1458: 1451: 1444: 1436: 1430: 1414: 1410: 1404: 1388: 1384: 1378: 1363: 1359: 1353: 1337: 1333: 1332:"Smoke sauna" 1327: 1311: 1305: 1297: 1291: 1287: 1286: 1278: 1276: 1267: 1261: 1246:. My Helsinki 1245: 1239: 1232: 1220: 1216: 1209: 1201: 1199:951-0-27108-X 1195: 1191: 1184: 1168: 1164: 1157: 1155: 1147: 1146: 1142: 1139: 1132: 1125: 1121: 1115: 1108: 1107: 1100: 1085: 1084: 1079: 1072: 1070: 1053: 1047: 1040: 1035: 1019: 1015: 1009: 993: 987: 971: 965: 958: 952: 945: 934: 933: 928: 921: 919: 917: 909: 897: 896: 891: 884: 882: 874: 862: 861: 856: 849: 847: 831: 824: 820: 814: 812: 810: 808: 803: 786: 781: 774: 769: 768: 764: 762: 754:Mobile saunas 751: 747: 741: 735: 725: 716: 713: 707: 697: 688: 685: 679: 673: 671: 667: 663: 658: 655: 647: 646:North Savonia 641: 637: 630: 621: 619: 618:Turkish sauna 614: 609: 604: 600: 597: 590: 581: 574: 565: 561: 559: 555: 550: 545: 544: 538: 533: 529: 525: 523: 518: 517: 509: 503: 502: 496: 487: 483: 480: 476: 472: 469: 465: 462: 458: 455: 451: 448: 444: 440: 437: 433: 430: 426: 423: 418: 414: 409: 405: 401: 396: 390: 384: 379: 374: 368: 361: 359: 355: 351: 347: 343: 338: 336: 332: 325: 322: 315: 308: 303: 297: 291: 283: 274: 270: 268: 263: 254: 251: 246: 242: 239:itself is of 238: 237: 231: 229: 224: 220: 216: 213: 209: 204: 202: 198: 194: 190: 185: 177: 176:Finnish sauna 165: 160: 156: 154: 150: 146: 142: 137: 134: 131: 127: 124: 121: 117: 113: 109: 106: 103: 99: 94: 93:South Savonia 88: 81: 74: 69: 65: 64: 58: 55: 51: 50:Northern Sami 47: 43: 39: 35: 29: 26: 22: 4570: 4560: 4392:Ilsley Boone 4387:Paul Bindrim 4377:Kurt Barthel 4299:Nude beaches 4294:Nude wedding 4224:Gay naturism 4191:Strip search 4031: 3863:Rabinal Achí 3820:Moore Town's 3628:Sinjska alka 3623:Silbo Gomero 3607: 3553:Nestinarstvo 3545: 3536:Mesir Macunu 3360: 3214:Yūki-tsumugi 3199:Yeondeunghoe 3119:Sand drawing 3049:Pencak silat 2872:Katta Ashula 2787:Gong culture 2402:Gule Wamkulu 2302:Bibliography 2258: 2219:The Kalevala 2218: 2193:Coat of arms 2178:Architecture 2113:Demographics 2037:Nordic model 2011:Central bank 1933:Human rights 1913:Constitution 1537:. 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Chicago 678:savukiuas 670:Lithuania 654:savusauna 584:, Finland 558:allergies 497:called a 475:Hungarian 358:battalion 233:The word 119:Reference 87:Enonkoski 80:savusauna 4562:Category 4508:See also 4201:Naturism 4136:Anasyrma 4119:Stripper 3725:Candombe 3689:Zvončari 3637:Turkish 3503:Kraljice 3484:La Patum 3454:Khachkar 3401:Flamenco 3383:Falconry 3297:Călușari 3194:Yamahoko 3007:Nhã nhạc 2977:Mudiyett 2937:Mak yong 2917:Lakalaka 2862:Kalbelia 2615:Angklung 2532:Wadi Rum 2311:Category 2208:Folklore 2150:Religion 2098:Abortion 2057:Taxation 2047:Startups 2027:Industry 1953:Military 1896:Politics 1882:Wildlife 1855:Helsinki 1671:articles 1606: · 1429:cite web 1342:28 April 1141:Archived 994:. UNESCO 608:dewpoint 543:pefletti 537:faux pas 473:and the 436:Livonian 434:and the 413:Estonian 404:Karelian 293:Finnish 111:Criteria 4636:Bathing 4598:Finland 4584:Portals 4435:History 4354:Oceania 4347:Seattle 4104:Mooning 4039:Massage 4000:Modesty 3973:History 3843:Pirekua 3745:Ceviche 3659:Táncház 3583:Olonkho 3578:Ojkanje 3572:Turkish 3494:Licitar 3322:Chovgan 3317:Castell 3287:Bećarac 3272:weaving 3154:Ta'zīye 3144:Ssireum 3084:Ramlila 3074:Quan họ 3069:Pungmul 3059:Pansori 3002:Naqqāli 2957:Meshrep 2882:Khoomei 2852:Jultagi 2842:Jamdani 2807:Haenyeo 2777:Gimjang 2657:Bunraku 2647:Bokator 2621:Arirang 2514:Ahellil 2288:Outline 2198:Cuisine 2165:Culture 2143:Swedish 2138:Finnish 2086:Society 2067:Tourism 1994:Economy 1860:Tampere 1833:Regions 1808:Islands 1803:Geology 1679:History 1667:Finland 1593: ( 1564:minutes 1316:10 July 1052:"Sauna" 908:burial. 662:Estonia 580:Utsjoki 350:Eritrea 277:Customs 257:History 241:Finnish 228:Estonia 197:Finnish 189:Swedish 105:Finland 101:Country 42:Swedish 34:Finnish 4610:Nudity 4572:Portal 4332:Europe 4322:Africa 4054:Canada 3959:Nudity 3908:Yaokwa 3755:Cocolo 3639:Sohbet 3563:Nowruz 3541:Mugham 3526:Meddah 3516:Maloya 3499:Ljelje 3449:Keşkek 3409:Fujara 3219:Yunjin 3179:Wayang 3089:Ramman 3064:Pinisi 3027:Afghan 3022:Nowruz 2997:Nanyin 2987:Naadam 2857:Kabuki 2827:Hua'er 2757:Gagaku 2667:Ca trù 2467:Yaaral 2397:Gẹlẹdẹ 2366:Africa 2316:Portal 2188:Cinema 2173:Anthem 2025:  2016:Energy 1845:Rivers 1669:  1387:Harvia 1292:  1196:  830:UNESCO 826:(docx) 668:, and 666:Latvia 640:Kuopio 554:asthma 549:nudity 516:avanto 468:Khanty 459:, the 452:, the 447:Udmurt 427:, the 420:, the 411:, the 247:it is 212:UNESCO 129:Region 4631:Sauna 4027:Sauna 4010:Awrah 3883:Tango 3780:Frevo 3521:Manas 3469:Klapa 3373:Duduk 3368:Doina 3351:Daina 3255:Ashik 3079:Radif 2982:Muqam 2927:Lhamo 2902:Kunqu 2797:Guqin 2762:Gagok 2632:Batik 2528:Petra 2471:Degal 2295:Index 2264:Sport 2259:Sauna 2232:Music 2227:Media 2123:Finns 2103:Crime 1865:Turku 1838:Åland 1813:Lakes 1453:(PDF) 1419:4 May 1393:4 May 1367:4 May 761:Teuva 746:löyly 740:kiuas 712:löyly 706:kiuas 684:kiuas 613:löyly 568:Types 508:vihta 501:vasta 479:lélek 461:Mansi 432:l'öl' 425:leülü 422:Votic 408:löyly 395:löyly 389:höyry 383:löyly 373:löyly 367:kiuas 346:UNMEE 321:vihta 307:birch 302:vasta 296:vihta 236:sauna 193:bastu 123:01596 83:) in 21:Sauna 4327:Asia 3603:Sama 3378:Fado 3334:and 3209:Yoga 3017:Nora 2877:Khon 2610:Akyn 2593:and 2530:and 2524:Bedu 2469:and 2203:Flag 1958:NATO 1870:Oulu 1541:2016 1516:2013 1490:2016 1465:2024 1435:link 1421:2022 1395:2022 1369:2022 1344:2010 1318:2012 1290:ISBN 1252:2022 1227:2023 1194:ISBN 1175:2023 1091:2023 1060:2020 1026:2020 1000:2020 978:2020 940:2023 903:2023 868:2023 837:2020 651:The 454:Komi 439:löul 429:Veps 417:leil 250:saun 199:and 174:The 153:List 3434:Jem 3012:Noh 2407:Ifá 2183:Art 1943:Law 1457:VTT 1018:YLE 556:or 471:lil 464:läl 457:lol 450:lul 4622:: 1562:10 1532:. 1481:. 1431:}} 1427:{{ 1411:. 1385:. 1360:. 1274:^ 1229:. 1217:. 1165:. 1153:^ 1122:. 1080:. 1068:^ 1016:. 942:. 929:. 915:^ 905:. 892:. 880:^ 870:. 857:. 845:^ 828:. 806:^ 763:. 664:, 644:, 638:, 620:. 560:. 524:. 482:. 253:. 203:. 191:: 187:, 91:, 52:: 44:: 36:: 4586:: 3951:e 3944:t 3937:v 3501:/ 2623:" 2619:" 2350:e 2343:t 2336:v 1659:e 1652:t 1645:v 1610:) 1602:( 1597:) 1566:) 1559:( 1543:. 1518:. 1492:. 1467:. 1437:) 1423:. 1397:. 1371:. 1346:. 1320:. 1298:. 1254:. 1202:. 1177:. 1093:. 1062:. 1028:. 1002:. 980:. 839:. 505:( 324:s 299:( 178:( 23:.

Index

Sauna
Finnish
Swedish
Northern Sami
UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage

Enonkoski
South Savonia
Finland
01596
Europe and North America
List

[ˈsɑu̯nɑ]
Swedish
Finnish
Estonian culture
UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists
UNESCO
Intergovernmental
for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage
Finnish Heritage Agency
Estonia
sauna
Finnish
Estonian language
Reformation in Scandinavia


birch

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