713:
1329:
1629:
Estonian are sufficiently different languages that it is not possible for a native speaker of one of the languages to speak nor sufficiently comprehend the other language without explicitly learning the other language. Finns tend to have difficulties pronouncing the
Estonian letter "õ" and Estonians tend to get "revealed" to Finns by their Estonian accent. For some reason, probably due to the greater amount of loan-words and expressions from other languages, native Estonians, who have not learned Finnish, tend to comprehend and acquire Finnish more easily than native Finns comprehend Estonian.
1433:
1148:
701:
508:
532:
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that are spelled exactly the same and pronounced almost the same way, but have totally different meanings. Many jokes, including derogatory ones, are based on the differences of the meanings of the words. Both, Finns and
Estonians, tend to have, create and understand those jokes. However, Finnish and
1601:
from 1561 until 1721. The
Swedish era became colloquially known in Estonia as the "good old Swedish times". Swedish ambassador, Mr. Dag Hartelius's speech on the Estonian Independence day, 24 February 2009, where he considered Estonia "A Nordic Country" gathered a lot of attention in the country and
1380:
The midsummer traditions also include different versions of pairing magic, such as collecting a number of different kinds of flowers and putting them under one's pillow, after which one is meant to see one's future spouse in one's dreams. Another "jaaniõhtu" related tradition is the seeking of bugs
1316:
The divorce rate is close to 60%. Estonia has one of the greatest percentages of single parents in Europe. The average percentage of single parents in Europe is 13% (2009), while in
Estonia in 2000, 19% of the families with children under 18 had only one parent. In 2006, the percentage fell to 16%.
1182:
Today, education in
Estonia is divided into general, vocational and hobby education. The education system has four levels, which include the pre-school, basic, secondary and higher education. A wide network of schools and supporting educational institutions has been established. The Estonian
686:. The Soviet invasion of Estonia during World War II prompted a repression of free speech, opinion and culture in general. After the end of the Soviet rule in 1991, the literature in modern Estonia is in a healthy state, with detective stories in particular enjoying a boom in popularity.
755:
Estonia today is well respected for its musicianship, with the quality education of classical musicians having produced a high proportion of world-class conductors and singers. Estonian art music came to the forefront as a part of the national romantic movement.
1404:, and traditional meals, involving a number of dishes that are typically only eaten on Christmas. Christmas is the most extensive, appreciated, and commercialized holiday in Estonia. The Holidays start from December 23, and continue through
1506:
Traditionally, Estonia has been seen as an area of rivalry between western and eastern Europe on many levels. An example of this geopolitical legacy is an exceptional combination of multiple nationally recognized
Christian traditions:
1377:, are dug into the ground, right under the ashes, into the remains of the bonfire. After a few hours, when the potatoes have been cooked under the glowing ashes, the potatoes are dug up, peeled and eaten, while they are still hot.
930:
is an opera house and concert hall in
Tallinn, Estonia. It was built as a national effort led by Estonian society in 1913, and was opened to the public on August 24. At the time, it was the largest building in Tallinn.
1297:. Until the first half of the 20th century, Estonia was an agrarian society, but in modern times, Estonians have increasingly embraced an urban lifestyle. In 2013 the main export of the second largest town of Estonia,
793:
is the main national museum of visual arts, and has a large collection of
Estonian art on permanent display. It was founded on November 17, 1919, but it was not until 1921 that it got its first permanent building –
1740:
1537:
note. Like the mainstream cultures in the other Nordic countries, Estonian culture can be seen to build upon ascetic environmental realities and traditional livelihoods, a heritage of comparatively widespread
1132:
dating from pre-Christian times, a large number of still intact medieval castles and churches, while the countryside is still shaped by the presence of a vast number of manor houses from earlier centuries.
1189:(ca 1660–1688) was the founder of public education in Estonia, author of the first Estonian language ABC-book, and creator of a spelling system that made the teaching and learning of Estonian easier.
1120:
The architectural history of
Estonia mainly reflects its contemporary development in northern Europe. Worth mentioning is especially the architectural ensemble that makes out the medieval old town of
1448:
Historically, the cuisine of
Estonia has been simple peasant food, which today is influenced by many countries, thus including many typical international foods. The most typical foods in Estonia are
1301:, is software. Nonetheless, many Estonians maintain a fondness for a rural lifestyle close to nature, and it is a common custom to visit a summer cottage in the countryside during vacations.
859:
nobility. In 1809, a professional theater company was established with its own building in Tallinn. The repertoire was mostly in German, but plays in Estonian and Russian were also performed.
1373:
Part of the "jaaniõhtu" tradition is that almost near the morning, when the bonfire ("jaanilõke") has burned off and only ashes are glowing, a component of Estonian traditional food,
637:
in 1535, few notable works of non-ecclesiastical literature were written until the early 1800s, which saw the beginning of an Estonian national romantic movement. This prompted
749:
1096:
or ETV) is the national public television station of Estonia. Its first broadcast was on July 19, 1955, and it celebrated its 50th anniversary on July 19, 2005.
1313:. Members of an extended family typically live apart, and youths seek independence and typically move from their parents' residence around the age of twenty.
798:, built in the 18th century. Today the palace is used to display foreign art while a new purpose-built museum houses the main branch of the museum, called
1241:
The formation of a more defined Estonian cultural identity in the modern sense was accelerated in the 19th century, during the period of overall national
2115:
1003:
1708:
1873:
1613:
Beginning from the 14th century, parts of Estonia's northwestern coast and islands were colonized by ethnic Swedes, who later became known as the
2364:
132:
1581:
during the 13th–14th centuries, being sold to the Teutonic Order after St. George's Night Uprising in 1346. The name of the Estonian capital,
1183:
educational system consists of state and municipal, public and private educational institutions. There are currently 589 schools in Estonia.
492:
1361:
1115:
2170:
2076:
2184:
2051:
1282:, with popular commitment to the ideals of the welfare state, discouraging disparity of wealth and division into social classes. The
2258:
1971:
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Some pagan aspects of culture, such as storytelling traditions, have survived to modern times, and are generally more popular in
1079:
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618:
414:
1048:
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Modern Estonian popular music has also received attention abroad, especially on the rock and metal scenes, with bands such as
1959:
1336:
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In 2004. there was 20 theaters in Estonia. 46% of the urban population and 40% of rural population visited theaters in 2009.
712:
2592:
2452:
2369:
1516:
220:
137:
2514:
2413:
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1531:)). The symbolism of the border or meeting of east and west in Estonia was well illustrated on the reverse side of the
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181:
169:
154:
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1930:
1848:
1760:
1320:
Same gender relationships are legal in Estonia. The legislation allowing same-gender marriages took effect in 2024.
2772:
1593:
for details). Parts of Estonia were under Danish rule again in the 16th–17th centuries, before being transferred to
956:. The first movie theater was opened in 1908. The first local documentary was made in 1908 with the production of a
752:. The joint choir of the song festival has comprised more than 30,000 singers performing to an audience of 80,000.
2447:
2430:
2309:
535:
Public education systems founded during prior Swedish rule made Estonia and Finland the two most literate areas of
485:
215:
198:
77:
2832:
2396:
1159:
The history of formal education in Estonia dates back to the 13th to 14th centuries, when the first monastic and
164:
661:
2292:
2140:
1360:, the Estonian Midsummer, which involves seeking one's way to non-urban environments, burning large bonfires ("
60:
3236:
3049:
2873:
2802:
2678:
1032:
642:
511:
1952:
3324:
3074:
2555:
2437:
2374:
2287:
2251:
1617:. The majority of Estonia's Swedish population fled to Sweden in 1944, escaping the advancing Soviet Army.
1524:
1202:
The area of modern Estonia has historically been inhabited by the same people as today, mostly speakers of
671:
from 1850s onward saw a rapid increase in the number of poets and novelists who wrote in Estonian, notably
205:
142:
55:
3386:
3246:
2868:
2702:
2499:
2359:
1176:
668:
634:
478:
127:
1870:
578:. Due to its history and geography, Estonia's culture has also been influenced by the traditions of the
3339:
3291:
3161:
3156:
2878:
2504:
2489:
2484:
2339:
1796:
1658:
1648:
1501:
1356:
1328:
1125:
1111:
1044:
638:
446:
280:
107:
1889:
633:
Though literature in the Estonian language could be said to have existed since the publication of the
2602:
2509:
2479:
1693:
1415:
1254:
1186:
2379:
147:
3296:
3121:
2617:
2494:
2090:
1441:
1028:
678:
After Estonia became independent in 1918, there was a movement of modernist writers, most famously
233:
3301:
3263:
2792:
2777:
2719:
2587:
2565:
2545:
2408:
2244:
2116:"European Parliaments' Women's Rights Committee holds hearing on the situation of single mothers"
1105:
575:
441:
305:
176:
737:(c. 1179). Saxo speaks of Estonian warriors who sang at night while waiting for an epic battle.
3221:
2807:
2653:
2643:
2570:
2354:
2349:
1638:
866:, serfdom was finally abolished in Estonia in 1816. The first native Estonian musical society,
741:
705:
387:
122:
117:
3191:
3151:
3131:
3111:
3014:
2964:
2893:
2848:
2744:
2560:
1574:
1408:(24th) and Christmas Day (25th). In schools and in many workplaces, vacation continues until
1283:
965:
862:
After centuries of the serfdom that the native Estonian population had fallen into since the
790:
612:
540:
377:
319:
970:
3329:
3126:
2822:
2724:
2688:
2663:
2597:
2550:
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1812:
1520:
1508:
1344:
1242:
1142:
656:
250:
240:
2191:
1234:
who governed Estonia enjoyed considerable autonomy with the administrative language being
982:
8:
3349:
3334:
3281:
3251:
3206:
3201:
3176:
3034:
2827:
2817:
2749:
2673:
2540:
2528:
1668:
1602:
was widely considered as a great compliment. Additionally, the foreign trade minister of
1168:
1152:
1089:
848:
287:
254:
3319:
3241:
3231:
3181:
3141:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3079:
3064:
3054:
3039:
3024:
3019:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2917:
2898:
2858:
2683:
2631:
2474:
2442:
2423:
2344:
2279:
1979:
1800:
1653:
1547:
1382:
1207:
1071:
961:
952:
industry in Estonia started in 1896, when the first "moving pictures" were screened in
842:
428:
350:
210:
191:
112:
45:
2055:
1799:(110,000 people in the Song Festival Grounds during the second concert. In Estonian).
1007:
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3286:
3226:
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3196:
3186:
3171:
3166:
3146:
3116:
3084:
3069:
3044:
2980:
2812:
2787:
2734:
2658:
2164:
2070:
1955:
1926:
1844:
1756:
1716:
1625:
1409:
1203:
1164:
1160:
943:
904:
559:
382:
3256:
3211:
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3106:
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2853:
2797:
2754:
2714:
2334:
2304:
1673:
1663:
1643:
1621:
1570:
1566:
1558:
1551:
1432:
1427:
1206:, but some minorities, such as Russians, have immigrated more recently. Before the
1020:
1015:
863:
728:
695:
563:
555:
398:
372:
364:
341:
273:
102:
72:
20:
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2299:
1920:
1877:
1838:
1753:
1614:
1607:
1590:
1543:
1512:
1401:
1397:
1235:
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in 1632. In 1919, university courses were first taught in the Estonian language.
927:
912:
795:
679:
436:
327:
67:
1253:
in upper strata of Estonian society for a separate Estonian identity led to the
810:
524:
2938:
2668:
2577:
2418:
2391:
2324:
2319:
1598:
1539:
1310:
1231:
1215:
1211:
1063:(2007), by Peeter Simm, is a movie about the life of legendary Estonian singer
683:
595:
579:
567:
536:
466:
297:
186:
159:
92:
87:
830:
3380:
2314:
2001:
1720:
1473:
1405:
1261:
1172:
1147:
991:
873:
856:
855:. Most of the plays at the time were comedies for the amusement of the local
826:
799:
760:
733:
672:
515:
82:
1396:, is generally in line with the Northern and Central European traditions of
1286:
remains a significant cultural staple, regardless of its decline during the
1075:
895:
from 1878 to 1903. In 1906, a new building was erected for the society, and
2329:
2215:
1890:"Elanikud osaleksid kultuurisĂĽndmustel meelsasti rohkem - Eesti Statistika"
1287:
1219:
986:
920:
908:
900:
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814:
806:
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721:
97:
1366:
772:
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1449:
1294:
1246:
1011:
899:
became director of the theater company. Plays by Western writers such as
700:
583:
1238:, the indigenous population retained their native language and culture.
507:
2839:
1481:
1465:
1348:
1332:
1293:
The traditional occupation of Estonians, like most Europeans, has been
1279:
1250:
916:
822:
717:
647:
519:
262:
1610:, has been quoted saying that Estonia is a "Distinct Nordic country".
1488:) also as "typical Estonian foods", and these are mostly eaten during
1128:. In addition, the country has several unique, more or less preserved
999:) (1927) is generally regarded as the cornerstone of Estonian cinema.
727:
The earliest mentioning of Estonian singing and dancing dates back to
630:
own 218 books per house, and 35% own 350 books or more (as of 2018).
531:
2729:
2607:
2148:
1489:
1389:
1273:
1129:
1064:
868:
818:
627:
2949:
2236:
1533:
1461:
964:’s visit to Tallinn. The first Estonian documentary was created by
957:
543:
1317:
The decline may be affected by the overall decline in birth rate.
1309:
Estonian family life is nowadays centered around anything but the
34:
2267:
1603:
1582:
1578:
1453:
1121:
953:
852:
623:
571:
1741:"Tarto maa rahva Näddali-Leht on Estonian Church, March 1, 2006"
1035:. In 2007, about 10 feature films were made in Estonia, notably
1594:
1374:
1227:
1223:
745:
744:, held every five years since 1869, is now one of the largest
554:
combines an indigenous heritage, represented by the country's
1562:
1298:
768:
591:
587:
2190:. Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2004. Archived from
2054:(in Estonian). Estonian Education Infosystem. Archived from
570:
cultural aspects. Over the centuries, the culture of modern
1897:
1469:
1457:
949:
750:
Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity
2026:
1577:
people. The northern part of Estonia was part of medieval
1561:
rather than Baltic. As an ethnic group, Estonians are not
2208:
1709:"Novel news: world's biggest bookworms revealed in study"
1437:
1472:-derived products. Estonians themselves have considered
1323:
1290:
era, and free education is a highly prized institution.
1039:(2007) by Veiko Ă•unpuu, receiving, among other awards,
1754:
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians; p.358
977:
The first full-length feature film was made in 1924,
884:
society, marks the birth of native Estonian theater.
1210:, Estonia was considered as on the periphery of the
1167:
was published in 1575. The oldest university is the
1797:
Lauluväljakul oli teisel kontserdil 110 000 inimest
1024:(The Last Relic), released in 1969 by Tallinnfilm.
660:(1766–1767). The first Estonian-language newspaper
1565:; the Estonian language is closely related to the
805:Some of the more famous Estonian painters include
654:The first periodical publication in Estonian was
574:has been significantly influenced by that of the
3378:
1953:The Baltic States By Marje Jõeste, Küllo Arjakas
1418:is the 24th of February and a national holiday.
1364:"), and participating in the drunken revelry of
1278:Today, Estonian society encourages equality and
847:The Theatre of Estonia dates back to 1784, when
1495:
626:leads the world in book ownership, on average
2965:
2252:
1585:, is thought to be derived from the Estonian
1550:), and the ideals of closeness to nature and
486:
1836:
1249:in Europe. Support from the German-speaking
1175:, which was established by the Swedish king
708:(2009) at the Tallinn Song Festival grounds.
1116:List of palaces and manor houses in Estonia
720:performers dressed in 19th-century festive
2972:
2958:
2259:
2245:
2027:"Avaleht - Haridus- ja Teadusministeerium"
1343:Estonian holidays are mostly based on the
1222:). Although it was ruled at times by both
937:
493:
479:
1557:Many Estonians consider themselves to be
1335:is rather popular in Estonia. Dancers of
514:, reading his manuscript of the Estonian
1840:Culture and Customs of the Baltic States
1832:
1830:
1436:Estonian farmers drinking (vodka) in an
1431:
1327:
1146:
711:
704:A moment before the opening of the 25th
699:
530:
506:
1918:
1080:Ottawa International Animation Festival
1057:64th Venice International Film Festival
619:Timeline of early Estonian publications
3379:
2169:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2075:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1163:were founded. The first primer in the
1049:International Film Festival Bratislava
851:founded an amateur theater company in
2979:
2953:
2240:
1827:
1773:"Estonian song and dance celebration"
1337:University of Tartu Folk Art Ensemble
1324:Festivities, holidays, and traditions
1197:
641:to collect Estonian folk poetry, and
2266:
1706:
1517:Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church
1214:, then it was incorporated into the
1010:, was turned into a movie script by
968:in 1912, followed by the short film
1304:
13:
2083:
1912:
1837:O'Connor, Kevin (21 August 2017).
1542:arising out of practical reasons (
1529:Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church
14:
3398:
1597:in 1645. Estonia was part of the
1421:
974:(Bear Hunt in Pärnumaa) in 1914.
775:, gaining international acclaim.
1919:Masters, Tom (1 November 2006).
1192:
460:
33:
2177:
2133:
2108:
2044:
2019:
1994:
1964:
1946:
1882:
1099:
1078:, winner of Grand Prize at the
651:, the Estonian national epic.
645:to arrange and publish them as
2091:"Superstitions & Folklore"
1864:
1843:. Greenwood Publishing Group.
1805:
1790:
1765:
1747:
1733:
1700:
1686:
778:
523:, painting by Estonian artist
1:
1679:
1589:, meaning 'Danish town' (see
1070:The most successful Estonian
1018:was named as the director of
643:Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald
606:
512:Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald
1136:
1033:Estonian Ministry of Culture
662:Tarto maa rahva Näddali-Leht
586:as well as the neighbouring
7:
2453:Restoration of independence
2370:Declaration of Independence
2216:"Alexander Stubb interview"
1972:"Estonian culture - cinema"
1707:Zhou, Naaman (2018-10-12).
1632:
1496:Estonia as a Nordic country
1002:In the 1960s, the story of
669:Estonian national awakening
221:Restoration of independence
138:Declaration of Independence
10:
3403:
2448:Declaration of sovereignty
1659:Public holidays in Estonia
1649:List of museums in Estonia
1502:Nordic identity in Estonia
1499:
1425:
1271:
1140:
1126:UNESCO World Heritage List
1112:List of castles in Estonia
1109:
1103:
1045:Thessaloniki Film Festival
941:
840:
836:
782:
748:events in the world and a
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639:Friedrich Robert Faehlmann
616:
610:
216:Declaration of sovereignty
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3310:
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2911:
2763:
2710:
2701:
2639:
2630:
2536:
2527:
2470:
2461:
2278:
1942:– via Google Books.
1860:– via Google Books.
1416:Estonian Independence Day
1267:
1255:Estonian Age of Awakening
1187:Bengt Gottfried Forselius
872:was established in 1865.
2541:Administrative divisions
1620:There are many words in
1442:Oskar Hoffmann (painter)
1086:(Night of the Carrots).
1029:Estonian Film Foundation
878:The Cousin from Saaremaa
689:
1815:. Art Museum of Estonia
1694:"Eestlus ja saksa keel"
1354:Notable among these is
1106:Architecture of Estonia
938:Cinema and broadcasting
880:in 1870, staged by the
664:was published in 1806.
635:Wanradt–Koell Catechism
601:
576:Germanic-speaking world
3030:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1639:Estonian Song Festival
1573:, and Estonians are a
1445:
1340:
1156:
891:society was headed by
742:Estonian Song Festival
724:
709:
706:Estonian Song Festival
547:
528:
2397:Occupation of Estonia
1813:"Painting Collection"
1435:
1331:
1284:Protestant work ethic
1150:
1053:Venice Horizons Award
1006:, by Estonian writer
791:Art Museum of Estonia
715:
703:
613:Literature of Estonia
534:
510:
165:Occupation of Estonia
2095:A to Z World Culture
1982:on 27 September 2006
1900:on 24 September 2015
1521:Eastern Christianity
1509:Western Christianity
1143:Education in Estonia
415:World Heritage Sites
3273:States with limited
2438:Government-in-exile
2375:War of Independence
1871:Etenduskunstid 2004
1669:Religion in Estonia
1169:University of Tartu
1153:University of Tartu
1090:Estonian Television
1031:was founded by the
960:about Swedish King
849:August von Kotzebue
344:and performing arts
206:Government-in-exile
143:War of Independence
3387:Culture of Estonia
2981:Culture of Europe
2679:Telecommunications
2443:Singing Revolution
2424:Estonian partisans
2345:Great Northern War
1876:2011-07-20 at the
1654:Estonian mythology
1548:universal suffrage
1446:
1341:
1208:Great Northern War
1198:Historical aspects
1171:, a member of the
1157:
1124:, which is on the
1072:animation director
979:Shadow of the Past
971:Karujaht Pärnumaal
843:Theatre in Estonia
725:
710:
558:national language
552:culture of Estonia
548:
529:
467:Estonia portal
211:Singing Revolution
192:Estonian partisans
113:Great Northern War
28:Culture of Estonia
3374:
3373:
2947:
2946:
2907:
2906:
2735:Estonian language
2697:
2696:
2626:
2625:
2593:Political parties
2556:Foreign relations
2523:
2522:
2365:German occupation
2315:German Bishoprics
1960:978-5-89960-026-5
1925:. Lonely Planet.
1345:Western Christian
1165:Estonian language
1161:cathedral schools
1094:Eesti Televisioon
983:Konstantin Märska
944:Cinema of Estonia
905:Gerhart Hauptmann
771:and composers as
503:
502:
133:German occupation
83:German Bishoprics
3394:
3311:Dependencies and
3247:Northern Ireland
2988:Sovereign states
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2707:
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2636:
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2500:Populated places
2468:
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2360:Age of Awakening
2305:Livonian Crusade
2261:
2254:
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2147:. Archived from
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2081:
2080:
2074:
2066:
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2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2014:
2012:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1978:. Archived from
1968:
1962:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1896:. Archived from
1886:
1880:
1868:
1862:
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1777:VisitEstonia.com
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1728:
1727:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1690:
1674:Women in Estonia
1664:Estonian cuisine
1644:Sport in Estonia
1571:Baltic languages
1567:Finnish language
1552:self-sufficiency
1428:Estonian cuisine
1402:Advent calendars
1305:Family structure
1230:, and while the
1021:Viimne reliikvia
1016:Grigori Kromanov
966:Johannes Pääsuke
911:, and Estonians
864:Livonian Crusade
729:Saxo Grammaticus
696:Music of Estonia
495:
488:
481:
465:
464:
463:
128:Age of Awakening
73:Livonian Crusade
37:
16:
15:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3396:
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3392:
3391:
3377:
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3354:
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3306:
3292:Northern Cyprus
3274:
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3162:North Macedonia
2983:
2978:
2948:
2943:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2903:
2879:Public holidays
2759:
2693:
2622:
2611:
2583:Law enforcement
2519:
2505:Protected areas
2457:
2387:Interwar period
2380:Battle of Võnnu
2355:Russian Livonia
2350:Russian Estonia
2340:Swedish Estonia
2300:Ancient Estonia
2274:
2265:
2235:
2234:
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2222:
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2209:
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2198:
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2187:
2185:"Estonian Life"
2183:
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2162:
2161:
2154:
2152:
2151:on 20 July 2011
2141:"Archived copy"
2139:
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2122:. February 2011
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2052:"Archived copy"
2050:
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1608:Alexander Stubb
1591:Flag of Denmark
1544:freedom to roam
1525:Orthodox Church
1513:Catholic Church
1504:
1498:
1430:
1424:
1398:Christmas trees
1326:
1307:
1276:
1270:
1218:(and later the
1200:
1195:
1177:Gustav II Adolf
1145:
1139:
1118:
1108:
1102:
1008:Eduard Bornhöhe
946:
940:
928:Estonia Theatre
913:August Kitzberg
845:
839:
796:Kadriorg Palace
787:
781:
698:
692:
680:A. H. Tammsaare
657:Lühhike öppetus
621:
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268:
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258:
257:
228:
227:
226:
225:
155:Interwar period
148:Battle of Võnnu
123:Russian Livonia
118:Russian Estonia
108:Swedish Estonia
68:Ancient Estonia
49:
48:
12:
11:
5:
3400:
3390:
3389:
3372:
3371:
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3366:European Union
3362:
3360:
3359:Other entities
3356:
3355:
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3313:other entities
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3050:Czech Republic
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2803:Estonian names
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2669:Stock exchange
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2640:
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2603:Prime Minister
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2480:Extreme points
2477:
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2456:
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2434:
2433:
2428:
2427:
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2421:
2419:Ants Kaljurand
2411:
2406:
2405:
2404:
2394:
2392:Era of Silence
2389:
2384:
2383:
2382:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
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2342:
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2335:Polish Livonia
2332:
2327:
2325:Baltic Germans
2322:
2320:Livonian Order
2317:
2312:
2310:Danish Estonia
2307:
2302:
2297:
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2284:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2264:
2263:
2256:
2249:
2241:
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2220:Uudised.err.ee
2207:
2176:
2132:
2107:
2082:
2043:
2018:
1993:
1963:
1945:
1931:
1922:Eastern Europe
1911:
1881:
1863:
1849:
1826:
1804:
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1641:
1634:
1631:
1599:Swedish Empire
1540:egalitarianism
1500:Main article:
1497:
1494:
1426:Main article:
1423:
1422:Food and drink
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1410:New Year's Day
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1322:
1311:nuclear family
1306:
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1272:Main article:
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1232:Baltic Germans
1216:Russian Empire
1212:Swedish empire
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1141:Main article:
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1004:Prince Gabriel
942:Main article:
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841:Main article:
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783:Main article:
780:
777:
694:Main article:
691:
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684:Karl Ristikivi
611:Main article:
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596:Finnic peoples
580:Baltic Germans
537:Russian Empire
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187:Ants Kaljurand
179:
174:
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172:
162:
160:Era of Silence
157:
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151:
150:
140:
135:
130:
125:
120:
115:
110:
105:
103:Polish Livonia
100:
95:
93:Baltic Germans
90:
88:Livonian Order
85:
80:
78:Danish Estonia
75:
70:
65:
64:
63:
52:
51:
50:
44:
43:
42:
39:
38:
30:
29:
25:
24:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3399:
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3346:
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3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3325:Faroe Islands
3323:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3309:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3297:South Ossetia
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3271:
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3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3122:Liechtenstein
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
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3046:
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3041:
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3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
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2986:
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2751:
2748:
2746:
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2740:Ethnic groups
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2733:
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2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
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2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2619:
2618:Supreme Court
2616:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2586:
2584:
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2538:
2535:
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2441:
2439:
2436:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2416:
2415:
2414:Guerrilla war
2412:
2410:
2407:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2381:
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2368:
2366:
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2361:
2358:
2356:
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2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2262:
2257:
2255:
2250:
2248:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2221:
2217:
2211:
2197:on 2009-03-25
2193:
2186:
2180:
2172:
2166:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2078:
2072:
2058:on 2009-06-17
2057:
2053:
2047:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1967:
1961:
1957:
1954:
1949:
1934:
1932:9781741044768
1928:
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1915:
1899:
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1850:9780313014840
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1833:
1831:
1814:
1808:
1802:
1798:
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1778:
1774:
1768:
1762:
1761:0-333-23111-2
1758:
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1742:
1736:
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1611:
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1600:
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1580:
1576:
1572:
1569:, rather the
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1555:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1503:
1493:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1474:blood sausage
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1443:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1419:
1417:
1413:
1411:
1407:
1406:Christmas Eve
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1388:The Estonian
1386:
1384:
1378:
1376:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1352:
1350:
1347:calendar and
1346:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1312:
1302:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1265:
1263:
1262:South Estonia
1258:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1193:Way of Living
1190:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1173:Coimbra Group
1170:
1166:
1162:
1155:at Christmas.
1154:
1149:
1144:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1097:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1085:
1084:Porgandite öö
1082:in 1998, for
1081:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1041:Best Director
1038:
1034:
1030:
1027:In 1997, the
1025:
1023:
1022:
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3264:Vatican City
3059:
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2793:Coat of arms
2778:Architecture
2764:
2720:Demographics
2649:Central bank
2612:(parliament)
2608:
2566:Human rights
2546:Constitution
2431:Deportations
2409:World War II
2402:Estonian SSR
2330:Livonian War
2293:list of wars
2223:. Retrieved
2219:
2210:
2199:. Retrieved
2192:the original
2179:
2153:. Retrieved
2149:the original
2145:riigikogu.ee
2144:
2135:
2124:. Retrieved
2120:Ec.europa.eu
2119:
2110:
2099:. Retrieved
2094:
2085:
2060:. Retrieved
2056:the original
2046:
2034:. Retrieved
2030:
2021:
2009:. Retrieved
2005:
2002:"Priit Pärn"
1996:
1984:. Retrieved
1980:the original
1975:
1966:
1948:
1936:. Retrieved
1921:
1914:
1902:. Retrieved
1898:the original
1893:
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1866:
1854:. Retrieved
1839:
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1807:
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1776:
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1724:. Retrieved
1713:The Guardian
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997:Young Eagles
996:
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987:Theodor Luts
981:directed by
978:
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947:
933:
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921:Eduard Vilde
909:Maksim Gorky
901:Henrik Ibsen
897:Karl Menning
893:August Wiera
888:
886:
881:
877:
867:
861:
846:
815:Ants Laikmaa
811:Johann Köler
807:Adamson-Eric
804:
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785:Estonian art
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666:
655:
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646:
632:
622:
551:
549:
525:Johann Köler
518:
504:
442:Coat of arms
306:Architecture
199:Deportations
177:World War II
170:Estonian SSR
98:Livonian War
61:list of wars
3340:Isle of Man
3275:recognition
3222:Switzerland
3157:Netherlands
2654:e-Residency
2644:Agriculture
1819:26 February
1450:black bread
1295:agriculture
1247:Nationalism
1243:Romanticism
1012:Arvo Valton
831:Konrad Mägi
779:Visual arts
667:The era of
541:1897 census
3192:San Marino
3152:Montenegro
3132:Luxembourg
3112:Kazakhstan
3015:Azerbaijan
2894:Television
2874:Newspapers
2841:Kalevipoeg
2828:Literature
2745:Healthcare
2561:Government
2201:2012-09-11
2155:15 January
2126:2017-08-21
2101:2023-02-20
2062:2009-07-29
1782:16 October
1726:2024-09-13
1680:References
1587:taani linn
1486:hapukapsas
1482:sauerkraut
1468:and other
1466:sour cream
1383:"jaaniuss"
1349:Protestant
1333:Folk dance
1280:liberalism
1251:Estophiles
1130:hill forts
1110:See also:
1076:Priit Pärn
1051:, and the
917:Oskar Luts
907:, Russian
823:Evald Okas
718:folk music
673:L. Koidula
648:Kalevipoeg
617:See also:
607:Literature
520:Kalevipoeg
378:Television
320:Literature
263:Kalevipoeg
3330:Gibraltar
3127:Lithuania
2859:Mythology
2823:Languages
2730:Estonians
2725:Education
2689:Transport
2664:Oil shale
2609:Riigikogu
2598:President
2551:Elections
2463:Geography
2225:21 August
2036:21 August
2011:21 August
1986:21 August
1938:21 August
1904:21 August
1856:21 August
1721:0261-3077
1490:Christmas
1478:verivorst
1390:Christmas
1367:jaaniõhtu
1362:jaanituli
1357:Jaanipäev
1274:Estonians
1137:Education
1074:has been
1065:Georg Ots
1037:SĂĽgisball
889:Vanemuine
882:Vanemuine
869:Vanemuine
819:Paul Raud
773:Arvo Pärt
765:Metsatöll
716:Estonian
628:Estonians
408:Monuments
281:Festivals
251:Mythology
241:Languages
3381:Category
3350:Svalbard
3335:Guernsey
3282:Abkhazia
3252:Scotland
3207:Slovenia
3202:Slovakia
3177:Portugal
3035:Bulgaria
2934:Category
2818:Internet
2813:Folklore
2750:Religion
2674:Taxation
2588:Military
2529:Politics
2288:Timeline
2272:articles
2165:cite web
2071:cite web
1976:Einst.ee
1874:Archived
1633:See also
1626:Estonian
1534:5 krooni
1515:and the
1462:potatoes
1375:potatoes
1204:Estonian
962:Gustav V
958:newsreel
560:Estonian
544:literacy
539:(map of
288:Religion
255:folklore
56:Timeline
21:a series
19:Part of
3242:England
3232:Ukraine
3182:Romania
3142:Moldova
3100:Ireland
3095:Iceland
3090:Hungary
3080:Germany
3075:Georgia
3065:Finland
3060:Estonia
3055:Denmark
3040:Croatia
3025:Belgium
3020:Belarus
3010:Austria
3005:Armenia
3000:Andorra
2995:Albania
2918:Outline
2899:Theatre
2869:Symbols
2798:Cuisine
2765:Culture
2703:Society
2684:Tourism
2632:Economy
2490:Islands
2475:Climate
2280:History
2268:Estonia
1894:Stat.ee
1622:Finnish
1604:Finland
1583:Tallinn
1579:Denmark
1454:herring
1444:, 1899.
1381:called
1122:Tallinn
1055:at the
1043:at the
954:Tallinn
853:Tallinn
837:Theatre
624:Estonia
572:Estonia
562:, with
527:(1864).
429:Symbols
351:Theatre
274:Cuisine
46:History
3345:Jersey
3287:Kosovo
3227:Turkey
3217:Sweden
3197:Serbia
3187:Russia
3172:Poland
3167:Norway
3147:Monaco
3117:Latvia
3085:Greece
3070:France
3045:Cyprus
2939:Portal
2788:Cinema
2773:Anthem
2659:Energy
2510:Rivers
2270:
2097:. 2023
1958:
1929:
1847:
1759:
1719:
1595:Sweden
1575:Finnic
1559:Nordic
1519:) and
1480:) and
1394:Jõulud
1268:People
1236:German
1228:Russia
1224:Sweden
746:choral
594:, and
592:Slavic
588:Baltic
568:German
564:Nordic
556:Finnic
383:Cinema
328:Poetry
234:People
23:on the
3320:Ă…land
3257:Wales
3212:Spain
3137:Malta
3107:Italy
2925:Index
2889:Sport
2884:Radio
2854:Music
2849:Media
2808:Flags
2755:Women
2715:Crime
2515:Towns
2495:Lakes
2485:Fauna
2195:(PDF)
2188:(PDF)
2031:Hm.ee
1801:Delfi
1563:Balts
1527:(the
1523:(the
1511:(the
1440:, by
1299:Tartu
1061:Georg
769:Kerli
690:Music
546:data)
399:Sport
388:Films
373:Radio
365:Media
342:Music
2864:Name
2783:Beer
2571:LGBT
2227:2017
2171:link
2157:2022
2077:link
2038:2017
2013:2017
2006:IMDb
1988:2017
1956:ISBN
1940:2017
1927:ISBN
1906:2017
1858:2017
1845:ISBN
1821:2013
1784:2022
1757:ISBN
1717:ISSN
1624:and
1546:and
1470:milk
1458:pork
1245:and
1226:and
1151:The
1114:and
1047:and
950:film
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829:and
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763:and
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582:and
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550:The
437:Flag
253:and
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2578:Law
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