325:
1223:
2259:
448:
899:
themselves being henceforth principally as poets and philosophers. The division seems to have already existed in
Ireland at the time of St Patrick, whose preaching brought him into constant opposition with the druids, who were evidently, at that time, regarded as the religious leaders of the nation,
610:
is misleading, because the filid had extraordinary power and influence over the kings and political leaders who sponsored them. It was important for leaders to treat the filid with respect, and to reward them handsomely, in order to get good quality information on current affairs. The filid had the
960:
The ultimate accommodation of
Christianity within Irish Gaelic society resulted in a strain on the resources of the Chiefs and in that they were required to provide land and titles for both fili and bishop alike. Consequently, a decision was made in the 6th century to limit the number of fili to
889:
is to be regarded as in the earliest times as combining in his person the functions of magician, lawgiver, judge, counsellor to the chief, and poet. Later, but still at a very early time, the offices seem to have been divided, the
933:. However, the culture placed great importance on the fili's ability to pass stories and information down through the generations without making changes in those elements that were considered factual rather than embellishment.
1846:
in 1249 ..."a
Highlander came forward to bless Alexander and declare him as king of Scotland. Then he proclaimed the rulers lineage in a role which was doubtless a survival of the ceremonial's which took place long before in
1117:(who died in 1738 and is often lauded as "the last of the bards") and countless of his less-known or anonymous colleagues, the musical tradition of the fili has made its way to contemporary ears via artists such as
944:. The synergy between the rich and ancient indigenous oral literary tradition and the classical tradition resulted in an explosion of monastic literature that included epics of war, love stories, nature poetry,
894:
devoting themselves to the study of law, and the giving of legal decisions, the druids arrogating to themselves the supernatural functions, with the addition, possibly of some priestly offices, and the
1556:..."There were two kinds of poets known to the early Gael, the principle of those was called the filè (filla); there were seven grades of filès, the most exalted being called an ollamh (ollav) ...
614:
At the darker and more extreme end of the scale – if leaders failed to treat the filid with due respect – they ran the risk of satire – a kind of blackmail – whereby the filid might
2095:..."dangerous effects of satire, specifically the power of poets to cause ulcers and deformity on the subject of their contempt, if indeed he did not immediately die ...
1039:
times, when
English nobility were horrified to see the Gaelic chieftains not just eating at the same table as their poets, but often from the same dish. Eventually
2059:..."Should the lord or king fail to show appropriate welcome to the poets, or incur their displeasure otherwise, he might be subjected to their satire ...
900:
though there does not seem to be much sign that they were, as they undoubtedly were, even at an earlier age in
Britain and Gaul, sacrificing priests.
2045:..."Medieval poets in both Ireland and Wales were prone at times to extend the realistic influence of their patrons to magnify their importance ...
2272:
1063:
Many manuscripts preserving the tales once transmitted by the fili have survived. This literature contributes much to the modern understanding of
2109:..."There may have been growing dissent between the poets and the royal sponsors they preyed upon...When they were threatened with expulsion...
973:(O'Higgins) who were hereditary filí in more than one Gaelic house such as O'Conor Slighit, The MacDermotts, The McDonagh and O'Doherty. The
1517:
219:'see') to 'there is'. Olr.file 'poet' is a derivative from this root (cf. Ogam Gen. sg. VELITAS). The original meaning was 'seer', PCelt.
1917:...The chief poet of the kingdom will have advanced to exclaim the name and ancestry of this ruler. This solemn proclamation, called
1004:, although this family was also associated with Ulster and spread from Connacht into the courts of Munster and Leinster. Finally the
940:
remained largely intact many centuries into the
Christian era. Much of it was first recorded in writing by scholarly Christian
270:, which required at least 12 years of training. The ollam were required to commit to memory 250 major tales and 350 minor ones.
625:, and therefore able to foresee, foretell, predict – important events. It was also feared that they might have the power to
2329:
1078:
Besides its value to historians, this canon has contributed a great deal to modern literature beginning with retellings by
961:
certain families who were respected and believed to be poets as a birthright. The greatest of these families included the
925:
value. The tradition allowed plenty of room for improvisation and personal expression, especially in regard to creative
128:
In an early society where most people were illiterate – including its hierarchy of chieftains, sub-kings and kings – the
2246:
2221:
2165:
2140:
237:
inscription from Larzac as "uidluias", which is the feminine genitive singular form), derived ultimately from the verb
2193:
1194:
1019:
maintained practices of and enjoyed a similar status as the pre-Christian fili. But from the 12th century onwards,
136:, the fili would hope to gain a professional reputation for the authenticity and reliability of their information.
557:– historians – who advised chieftains and kings on political matters. The filid were believed to have the power of
1027:
culture waned, these folk became increasingly involved with written literature and such non-native traditions as
1921:, would formally give Áedán sovereignty. His bare foot would be placed into the hollow of the living rock ...
2012:
526:
471:
948:
and so forth which collectively resulted in the largest corpus of non-Latin literature seen in Europe since
2319:
208:
1044:
352:
114:
611:
ability to portray their sponsors in a positive or negative way, and to influence neighbouring leaders.
215:
is offered by
Matasović. He notes: "The semantic development of Olr.fil was from 'Lo, behold' (lmpv. of
2314:
1601:..."The simple translation of "poet" is misleading, as much of the writing of the fili in his guise as
1491:
517:
Viking attacks on the north east coast of
Pictland resulted in a power vacuum, and an opportunity for
985:
2078:
1866:
1843:
681:
332:
1914:
2334:
2309:
2177:
1035:, was seen as equal status to the Ard-rí, or High King. This high social status existed right into
941:
73:
1963:..."His ambitions were helped by the fact that many of the Pictish nobles had been wiped out in a
359:– 'Master poet of Scotland' – was an important member of the kings court. Whenever a new king was
2185:
1241:
221:
578:
1251:
863:
813:
132:
was an important means of communicating current news and historical events. As both a poet and
1989:'s claim to the united throne as they sang of his glorious descent from the hero kings of the
1895:..."The pagan ceremony in one part of Ireland, where the king was ritually mated to his land (
478:
in
Scotland, including the recital of the future kings ancestry, probably originated from the
2324:
2277:
1114:
204:
20:
993:
1079:
1040:
1873:
at Scone on 13 July 1249. There exists an illustration of the moment in the ceremony when
1701:
133:
8:
2238:
2213:
2157:
2132:
1990:
914:
414:
118:
1641:
1107:
989:
590:
158:
1103:
1091:
1012:
569:
688:
521:
to become the first leader of both Dal Riata and
Pictland. A new royal power base and
433:
2242:
2217:
2189:
2161:
2136:
2081:
refused to pronounce against the powerful druid, fearful of his threat of satire ...
1068:
324:
1771:
917:
of Ireland. In this tradition, poetic and musical forms are important not only for
395:
2008:
1986:
1960:
1935:
842:
712:
518:
234:
1938:..."but the Gaels may also have been impelled to move east due to the pressure of
1735:
981:
48:
2205:
1197:
are working to reconstruct trance and visionary techniques that were used by the
1170:
1136:
are considered the inheritors of the ancient Irish tradition of oral literature.
1052:
1036:
1005:
937:
910:
837:
379:
200:
974:
724:
282:
1731:
1228:
1203:
1122:
1083:
1020:
962:
949:
859:
847:
674:
501:..."Proclamation of the king". The Dal Riata community later moved east to the
292:
179:
168:
129:
110:
1724:
776:
700:
147:
83:
2303:
2289:
2263:
1964:
1126:
336:
1099:
151:
52:
2268:
2016:
1870:
1839:
1055:
superseded the material that would have been familiar to the ancient fili.
1016:
878:
809:
522:
483:
479:
467:
439:
360:
1848:
1756:
1577:
970:
172:
1183:
1095:
1087:
945:
1982:
1602:
553:
542:
1686:..."the audience for these primary tales were chieftains and kings ...
1645:
1495:
1139:
The modern Irish and Scottish Gaelic words for "poet" are derived from
1048:
1001:
918:
891:
626:
622:
615:
594:
561:, and therefore able to foresee, foretell, predict – important events.
558:
502:
162:
125:, and therefore able to foresee, foretell, predict – important events.
122:
1899:, the Feast of Tara) took place for the last time in the year 560 ...
1878:
1637:
1566:
1266:
1147:
1133:
997:
926:
652:
586:
530:
494:
475:
364:
143:
447:
2262: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1261:
1031:. Nonetheless in Gaelic society the chief filí of the province, or
1028:
922:
298:
97:
1820:..."Trained for at least 12 years in rigorous mental exercise ...
307:
2110:
2024:
2020:
1939:
1256:
1118:
930:
506:
487:
363:, it was necessary for the Ollamh rig to recite the future kings
1943:
1669:
had to commit to memory 250 major tales and 350 minor ones ...
1064:
1032:
966:
452:
64:
1700:..."Early professional story tellers were highly honoured and
828:– "language of the poets" – was possibly an esoteric mix of:
2074:
2019:
site. Certainly, in 849 he invested a church, thought to be
1802:
1666:
1622:..."the fili might use an esoteric language ...his craft was
1276:
1271:
1246:
1024:
832:
266:
255:
1409:
1407:
1405:
2028:
1838:, 'master poet of Scotland', was a vital component of the
1236:
1072:
965:(O'Daly), several of whom were accorded the rank of 'chief
229:
The word "fili" is thought to derive from the Proto-Celtic
60:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1011:
The hereditary poets that were a fixture of court life in
1518:"Seanachies: keepers of Ireland's rich folklore heritage"
1402:
497:– from Irish Dal Riata – where the ceremony was known as
1450:
1448:
1446:
1368:
1366:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1294:
1023:
elements had increasing influence on Irish society. As
109:(or filès), was a member of an elite class of poets in
1865:..."no delays could be allowed and the seven year old
1357:
Leiden indo-European Etymological Divtionary series ;9
1098:
draws heavily from these tales and characters such as
936:
In this manner, a significant corpus of pre-Christian
367:, in order to verify his legitimate right to succeed.
313:
Each province had a head ollam above the túath ollams.
1443:
1431:
1419:
1390:
1378:
1363:
1329:
1613:
1611:
1460:
1218:
1842:of national monachs here up to the installation of
1008:who served the O'Donnel chieftains of Tír Connell.
211:*wel- ("to see, perceive"). An etymology from PIE
1665:..."According to medieval Irish manuscripts, the
1608:
1317:
2301:
1704:, carrying tales from one kingdom to another...
1677:
1675:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1515:
233:, meaning "seer, one who sees" (attested on the
2235:The Picts: Scourge of Rome, Rulers of the North
2154:Picts, Gaels and Scots: Early Historic Scotland
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
977:(Coffey's) were known as the fili of Uisneach.
493:Those traditions were introduced into Scottish
121:. The filid were believed to have the power of
1745:
509:attacks on the west coast in the 9th century.
343:
2011:who chose to cultivate the Pictish centre at
1672:
1656:
1654:
1585:
621:The filid were believed to have the power of
2073:..."the saint had a dispute with a poet and
1881:and thereby assert his right to succeed ...
1780:"To interpret something in a particular way.
1707:
1547:
1545:
1132:In their subject matter and techniques, the
1777:"To become aware of, to see; to understand.
1559:
551:is misleading, because the filid were also
458:
302:"). There was a hierarchy of master poets:
2232:
1651:
451:Footprint used in king-making ceremonies,
2176:
1542:
1354:
1311:
1090:drew from material less explicitly. Now
273:
1877:stood forward to recite the young kings
1806:is the highest and most often cited ...
1576:– to avoid confusion with modern Irish
446:
323:
2233:Noble, Gordon; Evans, Nicholas (2022).
2210:Scotland, A History from Earliest Times
2126:
2113:defended the 'wise men of Ireland' ...
1466:
1454:
1437:
1396:
1372:
1342:
618:them in front of neighbouring leaders.
2302:
2204:
2151:
1425:
1413:
1384:
1113:Through such traditional musicians as
1015:serving as entertainers, advisors and
96:
16:Class of poets in Ireland and Scotland
2182:Oxford Dictionary of Celtic Mythology
2129:Áedán of the Gaels: King of the Scots
2015:to become a new royal power base and
1359:. Leiden: Leiden: Brill. p. 412.
637:
310:(tribal territory) had its own ollam.
2287:This article incorporates text from
2267:
1516:Maureen Donachie (21 October 2014).
1323:
1082:and other authors involved with the
853:
320:was the head ollam above all others.
1720:Compare Old Irish – Modern Irish
512:
13:
14:
2346:
1770:See also wiktionary: English <
1195:Celtic Reconstructionist Paganism
904:
868:
818:
632:
601:
574:> ..."Historian, storyteller".
244:
2257:
1582:– which has a different meaning.
1221:
2098:
2084:
2062:
2048:
2034:
1996:
1970:
1949:
1924:
1902:
1884:
1854:
1823:
1809:
1785:
1764:
1689:
1509:
1492:"Three poems in bérla na filed"
1483:
1348:
969:of poetry of all Ireland,' and
803:
1965:battle with the Vikings in 839
1817:Dictionary of Celtic Mythology
1793:Dictionary of Celtic Mythology
1629:
505:region of Scotland, following
466:The ancient traditions of the
264:, the highest order being the
1:
1761:may be glossed as "poet" ...
1605:(historian) was in prose ...
1565:Historians prefer to use the
1282:
1287:
875:Textbook of Irish Literature
410:The master poet of the king
190:
57:To be distinguished from the
7:
2330:Medieval history of Ireland
1796:..."Of the seven orders of
1214:
536:
260:There were seven orders of
10:
2351:
2120:
1193:Finally, practitioners of
955:
857:
807:
540:
280:
253:
44:..."Member of a privileged
18:
2152:Foster, Sally M. (2014).
1355:Matasović, Ranko (2009).
1110:are relatively familiar.
1058:
642:The tales regaled by the
429:Proclamation of the king
1985:attempted to legitimise
1913:..."The Inauguration of
1535:
938:myth and epic literature
391:Master poet of Scotland
249:
207:*weleti ("to see"); and
94:Old Irish pronunciation:
46:powerful caste of poets,
2186:Oxford University Press
2127:Coleman, Keith (2022).
2077:named Diarmait ...The
2007:..."Conceivably it was
1242:Contention of the bards
909:The fili maintained an
627:influence future events
295:(the whole of Ireland "
291:was the master poet of
203:ᚃᚓᚂᚔᚈᚐᚄ]VELITAS]; from
82:
2004:Picts, Gaels and Scots
1978:Scotland, A History...
1957:Picts, Gaels and Scots
1932:Picts, Gaels and Scots
1862:Scotland, A History...
1667:highest grade of poets
1476:
1252:Early Irish literature
902:
864:Early Irish literature
814:Early Irish literature
583:> ..."storyteller".
455:
340:
69:
2278:Catholic Encyclopedia
2106:Áedán of the Gaels...
2092:Áedán of the Gaels...
2070:Áedán of the Gaels...
2056:Áedán of the Gaels...
2042:Áedán of the Gaels...
1910:Áedán of the Gaels...
1892:Áedán of the Gaels...
1831:Áedán of the Gaels...
1755:..."The Modern Irish
1697:Áedán of the Gaels...
1683:Áedán of the Gaels...
1662:Áedán of the Gaels...
921:, but also for their
883:
564:See also wiktionary:
525:site was created at
450:
331:at the coronation of
327:
199:likely derives from
139:See also wiktionary:
28:
21:Fili (disambiguation)
1981:..."While bards and
1635:See also wiktionary:
1080:William Butler Yeats
1041:classical literature
646:were classified as:
577:Scottish Gaelic <
19:For other uses, see
2320:Medieval performers
2133:Pen and Sword Books
1416:, pp. 150–151.
1207:and aspects of the
1047:that grew from the
1045:Romantic literature
771:adventure journeys
209:Proto-Indo-European
98:[/ˈfʲilʲi/]
1730:Modern Irish <
1115:Turlough O'Carolan
1092:fantasy literature
994:Ó Conchubhair Donn
913:that predated the
638:Irish storytelling
456:
341:
182:> ...plural of
178:Modern Irish <
2315:Scottish folklore
2292:Gaelic Dictionary
2009:Cinaid mac Ailpin
1961:Cinaid mac Ailpin
1936:Cinaid mac Ailpin
1727:> has no fada.
1644:> ..."poetry,
1051:tradition of the
990:Síol Muireadhaigh
873:According to the
854:History (Ireland)
801:
800:
593:> ..."poetry,
445:
444:
353:medieval Scotland
161:> ..."poetry,
55:in early Ireland.
2342:
2282:
2273:Irish Literature
2261:
2260:
2252:
2227:
2206:Moffat, Alistair
2199:
2178:MacKillop, James
2171:
2146:
2114:
2102:
2096:
2088:
2082:
2079:king of Connacht
2066:
2060:
2052:
2046:
2038:
2032:
2000:
1994:
1987:Kenneth MacAlpin
1974:
1968:
1953:
1947:
1928:
1922:
1906:
1900:
1888:
1882:
1858:
1852:
1836:Ollamh rig Alban
1827:
1821:
1813:
1807:
1789:
1783:
1768:
1762:
1753:Celtic Mythology
1749:
1743:
1718:
1705:
1693:
1687:
1679:
1670:
1658:
1649:
1633:
1627:
1619:Celtic Mythology
1615:
1606:
1598:Celtic Mythology
1594:
1583:
1563:
1557:
1553:Irish Literature
1549:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1502:
1487:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1361:
1360:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1108:Tuatha Dé Danann
1013:medieval Ireland
915:Christianisation
649:
648:
519:Kenneth MacAlpin
513:Kenneth MacAlpin
387:Ollamh rig Alban
370:
369:
357:Ollamh rig Alban
345:Ollamh rig Alban
100:
95:
76:
2350:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2340:
2339:
2335:Scottish poetry
2310:Ancient Ireland
2300:
2299:
2258:
2255:
2249:
2224:
2196:
2168:
2143:
2123:
2118:
2117:
2108:
2103:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2085:
2072:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2035:
2023:, with some of
2006:
2001:
1997:
1980:
1975:
1971:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1912:
1907:
1903:
1894:
1889:
1885:
1875:An Ollaimh Righ
1864:
1859:
1855:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1810:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1769:
1765:
1750:
1746:
1723:Old Irish <
1719:
1708:
1699:
1694:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1673:
1664:
1659:
1652:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1621:
1616:
1609:
1600:
1595:
1586:
1564:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1532:
1522:
1520:
1514:
1510:
1500:
1498:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1473:
1465:
1461:
1453:
1444:
1436:
1432:
1428:, pp. 115.
1424:
1420:
1412:
1403:
1395:
1391:
1387:, pp. 193.
1383:
1379:
1371:
1364:
1353:
1349:
1345:, pp. 146.
1341:
1330:
1322:
1318:
1314:, pp. 223.
1310:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1227:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1171:Scottish Gaelic
1086:. Soon after,
1069:Celtic religion
1061:
982:Ó Maol Chonaire
958:
907:
871:
866:
856:
823:
816:
806:
640:
635:
604:
545:
539:
515:
464:
406:An Ollaimh Righ
380:Scottish Gaelic
349:
329:An Ollaimh Righ
285:
279:
258:
252:
247:
228:
201:primitive Irish
193:
175:> ..."poet".
157:Old Irish <
150:> ..."poet,
117:, up until the
93:
78:
74:James MacKillop
71:
58:
56:
47:
45:
43:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2348:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2298:
2297:
2281:. Vol. 8.
2254:
2253:
2248:978-1780277783
2247:
2229:
2228:
2223:978-1780274386
2222:
2201:
2200:
2194:
2173:
2172:
2167:978-1780271910
2166:
2148:
2147:
2142:978-1526794901
2141:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2097:
2083:
2061:
2047:
2033:
1995:
1991:Cenél nGabráin
1969:
1948:
1923:
1901:
1883:
1853:
1822:
1808:
1784:
1782:
1781:
1778:
1763:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1728:
1706:
1688:
1671:
1650:
1628:
1607:
1584:
1558:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1508:
1481:
1480:
1478:
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1123:The Chieftains
1084:Celtic Revival
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950:Ancient Greece
911:oral tradition
906:
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903:
870:
869:Elite scholars
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860:Gaelic Ireland
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850:
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130:oral tradition
34:> (plural:
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2027:relics from
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2017:inauguration
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1998:
1977:
1972:
1956:
1951:
1931:
1926:
1919:do gairm rig
1918:
1909:
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1891:
1886:
1874:
1869:was quickly
1861:
1856:
1840:inauguration
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1830:
1825:
1816:
1815:MacKillop –
1811:
1801:
1797:
1792:
1791:MacKillop –
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1751:MacKillop –
1747:
1737:síneadh fada
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1618:
1617:MacKillop –
1597:
1596:MacKillop –
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1569:
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1523:29 September
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1467:Coleman 2022
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1438:Coleman 2022
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1075:in general.
1073:Celtic world
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1021:Anglo-Norman
1017:genealogists
1010:
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975:Ó Cobhthaigh
959:
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884:
879:Eleanor Hull
874:
872:
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810:Irish poetry
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492:
484:County Meath
480:Hill of Tara
470:ceremony at
468:inauguration
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460:Do gairm rig
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434:
425:Do gairm rig
424:
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318:Ollamh Érenn
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296:
289:Ollamh Érenn
288:
286:
283:Ollamh Érenn
275:Ollamh Érenn
274:
265:
261:
259:
241:, "to see".
238:
230:
227:
220:
216:
212:
205:Proto-Celtic
196:
194:
183:
169:Modern Irish
138:
127:
113:, and later
106:
102:
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79:
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39:
35:
31:
29:
25:
2111:Colum Cille
1983:seannachies
1942:attacks on
1871:inaugurated
1702:peripatetic
1426:Moffat 2017
1414:Foster 2014
1385:Moffat 2017
1184:Manx Gaelic
1104:Finn McCool
1088:James Joyce
1053:langue d'oc
1037:Elizabethan
1006:Ó Cléirighs
946:saint tales
929:and clever
783:elopements
529:beside the
474:beside the
462:(Dal Riata)
361:inaugurated
134:storyteller
119:Renaissance
2304:Categories
2296:. (Filidh)
2104:Coleman –
2090:Coleman –
2068:Coleman –
2054:Coleman –
2040:Coleman –
1908:Coleman –
1897:Feis Temro
1890:Coleman –
1829:Coleman –
1734:> with
1695:Coleman –
1681:Coleman –
1660:Coleman –
1646:divination
1496:De Gruyter
1283:References
1201:, such as
1100:Cúchulainn
1049:troubadour
919:aesthetics
858:See also:
808:See also:
623:divination
595:divination
580:seanchaidh
568:Irish <
559:divination
503:Perthshire
419:> king
347:(Scotland)
163:divination
123:divination
101:), plural
2271:(1913). "
2002:Foster –
1976:Moffat –
1955:Foster –
1930:Foster –
1879:genealogy
1860:Moffat –
1849:Dál Riata
1642:filidecht
1638:Old Irish
1624:filidecht
1567:Old Irish
1324:Hyde 1913
1288:Citations
1267:Seanachie
1209:tarbhfeis
1179:filidhean
1177:, plural
1164:, plural
1154:, plural
1148:Old Irish
1134:seanachie
998:MacDermot
971:Ó hUiginn
963:Ó Dálaigh
927:hyperbole
690:tochmarca
653:Old Irish
606:The term
591:filidecht
587:Old Irish
547:The term
531:River Tay
495:Dal Riata
476:River Tay
365:genealogy
277:(Ireland)
231:*widluios
195:The term
191:Etymology
159:filidecht
144:Old Irish
2290:Dwelly's
2208:(2017).
2180:(2004).
1834:..."the
1772:perceive
1603:senchaid
1262:Rhapsode
1215:See also
1211:ritual.
1106:and the
1071:and the
1043:and the
1029:heraldry
996:and the
923:mnemonic
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731:voyages
719:terrors
707:battles
695:wooings
657:English
616:ridicule
571:seanchaí
554:seanchaí
543:Seanchaí
537:Seanchaí
376:English
299:The Pale
222:*wel-et-
115:Scotland
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49:diviners
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2121:Sources
2021:Dunkeld
1551:Hyde –
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1119:Planxty
1002:Moylurg
988:of the
986:Ollamhs
956:Decline
931:kenning
892:brehons
843:English
778:aitheda
767:echtrae
761:sieges
751:feasts
741:deaths
726:immrama
488:Ireland
373:Phrase
339:, 1249.
297:beyond
239:*widlu-
235:Gaulish
217:*wel-o-
111:Ireland
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1944:Argyll
1940:Viking
1800:, the
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1175:filidh
1125:, and
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1059:Legacy
1033:Ollamh
1025:Gaelic
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967:ollamh
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107:filidh
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