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and, in a reduced administration, also gave him the leadership of the education, finance, interior and justice ministries. A power struggle ensued, with Werner resisting
Sprenger's attempts to subordinate Hesse to Hesse-Nassau. After a dispute over the merger of their respective chambers of commerce,
834:
proceedings in 1949 and was classified as
Category III, a "lesser offender". On appeal in 1950, this was downgraded to Category IV, a "follower". Werner worked as a historian for the State of Hesse and remained a leading member of the Hessian Historical Commission in Darmstadt. He died in March 1961
926:
583:, which would become the largest and most active antisemitic organization in Germany. Werner was involved in organizing its regional association in Hesse. In April 1920, he became a deputy chairman of the organization, serving until July 1922. At the
696:
over government buildings. One police squad was forcibly disarmed, and SA troops prevented the State
President and the Interior Minister from leaving their homes or having any telephone communications with the outside. On 13 March 1933, the
784:(Association of German Mountain and Hiking Clubs), from 1933 to 1942. In this position, he was a member of the Reich Leadership Council of German Sports. During Werner's tenure, he ordered the exclusion of all non-
476:
708:. At the same time, he also became Minister of Foreign Affairs and of Culture and Education. He was now at the height of his power. Hesse was one of only three states in March 1933, along with
788:
from the association's member organizations. Only Nazi Party members were permitted to be chairmen of the member clubs, and its youth groups were forcibly transferred to either the
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and became a member of its Jewish
Committee. In 1908, Werner applied for a mandate in the Hessian state parliament for the far-right and antisemitic
1417:
1412:
747:. On 15 May, to emphasize his primacy, Sprenger abolished the post of State President. He then appointed Werner to the subordinate position of
481:
1372:
1181:
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Deutscher
Wanderverband (Hrsg.): (2008) "125 Jahre Wandern und mehr". Petersberg: Michael Imhof Verlag, ISBN 978-3-86568-221-5, S. 171
579:
1000:
Deutscher
Wanderverband (Hrsg.): (2008) "125 Jahre Wandern und mehr". Petersberg: Michael Imhof Verlag, ISBN 978-3-86568-221-5, S. 24
440:. After completion of his education, Werner entered the Hessian school service as a secondary school teacher in 1900. He became an
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Dr. Ferdinand Werner. Eine biographische Skizze zur
Verstrickung eines völkischen Antisemiten in den Nationalsozialismus
702:
510:(DSP) but withdrew his candidacy. In 1909, he was elected as the DSP chairman in Hesse. In 1911, he was elected to the
554:
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342:(27 October 1876 – 5 March 1961) was a German schoolteacher and long-serving politician who held offices during the
618:
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796:. When Werner retired as president of the association in 1942, he received a pension payment and, in 1943, the
545:
entity. From July 1918, Werner briefly served as a member of the Second
Chamber of the state parliament of the
729:(Reich Governor) was created by the central government to gain additional control over the states. On 5 May,
534:
291:
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716:, where a new Nazi government was formally and legally established by the legitimately elected parliament.
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400:. He then worked for the Association of German Mountain and Hiking Clubs and as a Hessian state historian.
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528:. The DSP disbanded in 1914 and, from 1915, Werner was chairman of its successor organization, the
232:
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1076:
Völkischer
Radikalismus: Die Geschichte des Deutschvölkischen Schutz- und Trutz-Bundes. 1919–1923
1157:
433:
309:
793:
646:
1280:
645:, though they lacked a majority of the seats. On 8 December, however, with the support of the
1015:
The Hitler State: The
Foundation and Development of the Internal Structure of the Third Reich
811:
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470:
1065:
945:"Tumult as 'Nazi Rule' Commences in Hesse". The New York Times. 9 December 1931. p. 12.
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557:(DNVP) on 24 November 1918, Werner became a member of its six-member executive board.
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at the end of the war. Shortly afterward, when the DvP dissolved and merged into the
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Heine vor Ort. Geliebt und gehasst – Das Denkmal für Heinrich Heine in Frankfurt
663:(coordination) by which they sought to assert their control over all the German
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Gauleiter: The Regional Leaders of the Nazi Party and Their Deputies, 1925–1945
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met and formally elected Werner as the State President of Hesse, replacing the
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475:. During this time he campaigned in vain against the construction of the first
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at the national level at the end of January 1933, they instituted a policy of
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for the Gießen constituency in a by-election, and was reelected in the
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Sprenger dismissed Werner on 20 September 1933 and replaced him with
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League) on 30 March 1919. At the end of the year, it merged into the
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from 1924 to 1928. From 1921 to 1933, he served as a deputy of the
1115:
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1097:. Vol. 3 (Fritz Sauckel - Hans Zimmermann). Fonthill Media.
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464:, where he taught until 1933. From 1914, he carried the title of
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On 27 November 1921, Werner was elected as a DNVP deputy to the
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until 1910, when he took a teaching post at the Weidigschule in
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354:. Throughout his career, he belonged to several far-right and
1201:
490:, which was eventually torn down in 1933 at his instigation.
432:. During his studies of history, and modern languages at the
256:
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until 1938. Werner also held the office of president of the
456:. He often was transferred because of his open hostility to
973:
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Second Law on the Coordination of the States with the Reich
457:
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444:(senior teacher) in Gießen in 1905 and, after obtaining a
1057:. Berlin: Verlagsanftalt Otto Stollberg G. m. b. H. 1934.
961:
569:(city council). He was elected the first chairman of the
1131:, in: Wetterauer Geschichtsblätter 34. 1985, S. 181–224.
672:
On 6 March 1933, armed members of the Nazi paramilitary
879:
684:(SS) took control of the streets of the Hesse capital,
565:
From 1919 to 1924, Werner was a member of the Butzbach
949:
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deputy continuously until 1933. He was elected to the
382:. In the first year of Nazi Germany he was the first
549:
before its abolition following the overthrow of the
390:
of Hesse but was dismissed in a power struggle with
520:. He was exempted from military service during the
1403:Members of the 13th Reichstag of the German Empire
1398:Members of the 12th Reichstag of the German Empire
649:deputies, Werner was elected as President of the
641:, the Nazi Party became the largest party in the
1354:
1196:
1116:Hessen Landesgeschichtliches Informations System
862:Hessen Landesgeschichtliches Informations System
1388:German Social Party (German Empire) politicians
408:Ferdinand Werner was born the son of a master
16:German schoolteacher and Nazi Party politician
1182:
1093:Miller, Michael D.; Schulz, Andreas (2021).
1092:
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782:Verband Deutscher Gebirgs- und Wandervereine
633:Werner left the DNVP in 1930 and joined the
560:
494:Entry into politics in the Wilhelmine Empire
692:broke out as the paramilitaries raised the
1378:German National People's Party politicians
1189:
1175:
1037:The Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany
34:
1393:Members of the Landtag of Hesse-Darmstadt
1142:Literature by and about Ferdinand Werner
1031:
955:
772:(government director) in Breslau (today
160:8 December 1931 – 13 March 1933
71:15 May 1933 – 20 September 1933
1418:Ministers of the Hesse State Government
1158:Deutschvölkische Partei (DvP) 1914-1918
1012:
967:
639:Hessian state election in November 1931
580:Deutschvölkischer Schutz- und Trutzbund
502:was already evident when he joined the
498:Politically active from 1898, Werner's
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733:filled this post with the Nazi Party
1055:Das Deutsche Führerlexikon 1934-1935
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365:from 1911 to 1917, and again in the
113:13 March 1933 – 15 May 1933
898:Ferdinand Werner entry, pp. 523–524
844:
590:, he ran but failed to win a seat.
40:Werner at the German Hiking Day in
13:
1413:Members of the Reichstag 1924–1928
1373:20th-century German civil servants
1152:Information about Ferdinand Werner
1039:. New York: Simon & Schuster.
719:However, following passage of the
688:. Isolated clashes with the local
14:
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759:In 1936, Werner was appointed by
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358:parties. He was a deputy in the
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539:(DvP), also an antisemitic and
340:Ferdinand Friedrich Karl Werner
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555:German National People's Party
412:in Weidenhausen, a section of
298:German National People's Party
1:
1408:Members of the Reichstag 1924
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625:1924, and served until 1928.
403:
1433:University of Giessen alumni
1423:Ministers-president of Hesse
1078:. Hamburg: Leibnitz-verlag.
917:, pp. 93, 97, 194, 270.
386:State President and, later,
7:
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1062:Ferdinand Werner Biography
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903:Das Deutsche Führerlexicon
599:(state parliament) of the
518:Reichstag election of 1912
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1154:in the Reichstag database
1017:. New York: Longman Inc.
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1210:People's State of Hesse
1146:German National Library
1112:Werner, Ferdinand entry
858:Werner, Ferdinand entry
601:People's State of Hesse
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477:Heinrich-Heine monument
380:People's State of Hesse
287:Deutschvölkische Partei
149:People's State of Hesse
102:People's State of Hesse
59:People's State of Hesse
927:Ferdinand Werner entry
800:. He was succeeded by
794:League of German Girls
571:Deutschvölkischer Bund
250:5 March 1961 (aged 84)
1383:German schoolteachers
826:After the end of the
588:election of June 1920
1257:Philipp Wilhelm Jung
1074:Lohalm, Uwe (1970).
754:Philipp Wilhelm Jung
617:in the elections of
547:Grand Duchy of Hesse
434:University of Gießen
310:University of Gießen
165:Additional positions
94:Philipp Wilhelm Jung
1281:Ludwig Bergsträsser
1198:Ministers-President
970:, pp. 101–102.
830:, Werner underwent
508:German Social Party
448:in 1906, became an
283:German Social Party
1428:Nazi Party members
1122:Additional reading
888:, pp. 19, 69.
872:Björn Wissenbach:
798:Golden Party Badge
770:Regierungsdirektor
749:Minister-president
655:Nazis seized power
466:Gymnasialprofessor
416:. He attended the
388:Minister-president
328:Golden Party Badge
237:Kingdom of Prussia
136:Position abolished
55:Minister-President
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1307:Georg August Zinn
1104:978-1-781-55826-3
1085:978-3-874-73000-6
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726:Reichsstatthalter
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500:antisemitism
497:
449:
441:
423:
417:
407:
391:
373:
368:
361:
352:Nazi Germany
339:
338:
279:affiliations
261:West Germany
205:
197:
178:
155:
142:
135:
131:Succeeded by
108:
89:Succeeded by
81:
66:
18:
1368:1961 deaths
1363:1876 births
1342:Boris Rhein
1332:Roland Koch
1327:Hans Eichel
1286:Karl Geiler
1219:Carl Ulrich
1212:(est. 1918)
915:Lohalm 1970
886:Lohalm 1970
835:at Gießen.
714:Württemberg
533: [
480: [
469: [
367:Republican
356:antisemitic
290: [
204:Republican
119:Preceded by
77:Preceded by
1357:Categories
839:References
635:Nazi Party
615:party list
450:Oberlehrer
442:Oberlehrer
419:Realschule
414:Gladenbach
404:Early life
384:Nazi Party
316:Profession
305:Alma mater
271:Nazi Party
229:Gladenbach
1274:(1945–46)
1148:catalogue
1067:Reichstag
932:Reichstag
736:Gauleiter
686:Darmstadt
678:(SA) and
610:Reichstag
586:Reichstag
513:Reichstag
488:Frankfurt
446:doctorate
425:Gymnasium
410:locksmith
369:Reichstag
362:Reichstag
360:Imperial
206:Reichstag
198:Reichstag
196:Imperial
190:1924–1928
188:1911–1917
172:1921–1933
156:In office
147:President
109:In office
67:In office
42:Stuttgart
25:Professor
1069:Database
1035:(2017).
934:Database
623:December
575:Völkisch
573:(German
567:Stadtrat
542:Völkisch
462:Butzbach
422:and the
1160:in the
1144:in the
1114:in the
1064:in the
1007:Sources
929:in the
860:in the
812:Prussia
792:or the
774:Wrocław
710:Hamburg
699:Landtag
651:Landtag
643:Landtag
605:Landtag
596:Landtag
378:of the
375:Landtag
179:Landtag
144:Landtag
1101:
1082:
1043:
1021:
804:, the
786:Aryans
666:Länder
430:Gießen
346:, the
324:Awards
253:Gießen
209:Deputy
201:Deputy
181:Deputy
177:Hesse
1202:Hesse
768:as a
537:]
484:]
473:]
454:Worms
294:]
257:Hesse
1243:Nazi
1099:ISBN
1080:ISBN
1041:ISBN
1019:ISBN
712:and
621:and
458:Jews
350:and
247:Died
223:Born
1200:of
900:in
814:'s
810:of
739:of
619:May
452:in
428:in
1359::
846:^
818:.
756:.
743:,
669:.
535:de
482:de
471:de
292:de
259:,
255:,
239:,
235:,
231:,
1190:e
1183:t
1176:v
1107:.
1088:.
1049:.
1027:.
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